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Academic literature on the topic 'Géomatériaux – Propriétés mécaniques – Fissuration'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Géomatériaux – Propriétés mécaniques – Fissuration"
Bikong, Christian. "Etude micromécanique de l’endommagement anisotrope des géomatériaux hétérogènes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10171/document.
Full textTo guarantee the performance and safety of a deep underground reposal for nuclear wastes, the long-term behavior of the rock host must be characterized. Generally the heterogeneity of the rock highly affects his properties. Therefore the long-term analysis of the rock behavior under different coupled loading conditions must be made for a heterogeneous material. From the experimental observations, microcracks growth plays an important role on the rock deformation. The objective of this thesis is to study, in the field of micromechanics, the induced anisotropic damage behavior of the Callovo-oxfordian claystone. We put for this study an emphasis on the delayed induced damage by subcritical crack growth. To take in to account the complex microstructure of the heterogeneous rock, the macroscopic nonlinear mechanic behavior is derived by nonlinear homogenization with multiple steps of separated scales. Firstly a model is built for the delayed anisotropic damage for the case of open microcrack and frictionless microcrack. Then a full study is performed for the instantaneous damage and delayed damage in the case of close microcracks with sliding friction. We take advantage of the frame of thermodynamics of irreversible process, for the writing of criterion and evolution law of the damage variables and the inelastic strain. Following the capacity analysis of all our built-model, a first validation is made by comparison with experimental data
Antczak, Emmanuel. "Identification par impédance thermique : application à la caractérisation des géomatériaux." Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTO0001.
Full textIbrahim, Nidal. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques des géomatériaux par technique de micro indentation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10048/document.
Full textThe technology of micro indentation is one of the techniques ofmateriaJ characterization (by using small specimens) in various fields (mechanical engineering, civil engineering, oil industry, and pharmaceutical industry). Its main advantage lies in a certain number of practical requirements as regards the solution to the problem of small specimens. The present study is devoted the characterization of the mechanical properties of geomaterials, especially rocks involved in petroleum engineering. After having presented the methodology of the indentation test for isotropic rocks, we developed a semi-analytical method based on the use of Green function to characterize transverse isotropic rocks (five elastic parameters of these rocks). The influence of the various loadings (mechanical, thermal, hydrous) on the rock mechanics properties was studied by using the technology of micro indentation and the methodology proposed for isotropic transverse were used. Moreover, we characterize the failure parameters (C and f) by a combined approach of the indentation test and a test of micro compression (MCS) carried out the indentation device. Finally, we use inverse analysis in order to identify the parameters of a Drucker Prager mode!. ln the absence of a direct solution of the problem of indentation (in plastic regime), we had recourse to a numerical modelling by a finite element code (ABAQUS) to determine the calculated curve of indentation. This determination appeared completely convincing and moreover was validated by a simulation of triaxial compression tests on the same material
Chazallon, Cyrille. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de géomatériaux cimentés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0517.
Full textOugier-Simonin, Audrey. "Propriétés mécaniques et de transport des verres fissurés." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077187.
Full textGlass is an ideal elastic-brittle material. Although cracking in glass has been much investigated, going back to the pioneer work of Griffith, investigations under confining pressure have not been done so far. Besides, as glass results of the solidification of variable fused silicate mix, the impact of thermal cracking in this material cannot be neglected. This is particularly significant when considering the study of the vitrified nuclear waste packages in geological storage condition where, in the worst case, fluid flow could be expected over a long time. Our study aims at investigating thermo-mechanical cracking effects on elastic wave velocities, mechanical strength and permeability under pressure to document damage evolution on SON68 glasses (original samples and thermally cracked - following a reproducible method - samples). The experimental setup enabled to monitor and vary independently confining pressure, axial stress and pore pressure at room temperature. An optimized set of sensors allowed us to perform measurements during the experiments of the local strain evolution and elastic wave velocities. We mainly observed that: (i) the original glass exhibits a linear and reversible mechanical behavior and isotropic elastic velocities, (ii) the thermal treatment has a strong influence on the glass mechanical résistance but (iii) a variable influence on the glass elastic properties Our results also exhibit the crack closure under confining pressure. As a consequence, the permeability decreased as a function of the cubic crack aperture up to interatomic diffusion level
Shi, Yue. "Micro-mechanics-based models of monotonic and cyclic behaviors of quasi-brittle rock-like materials having an elasto-viscoplastic matrix with microcracks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN057.pdf.
Full textThe primary objective of this thesis is to model the macroscopic mechanical behavior of geomaterials under both instantaneous and time-dependent loading conditions. In this context, the studied material is modeled from the view of microstructure using well-suited localization and homogenization schemes. At the microscopic scale, it is assumed that microcracks have a penny-shaped morphology and are randomly embedded in an isotropic solid matrix. In framework of thermodynamics, two internal variables, inelastic strain and microcrack-induced damage, are both classified in consideration of instantaneous microcracking and sub-critical microcracking. The instantaneous damage is driven by a conjugated thermodynamics force, while the time-dependent damage evolves towards microstructure equilibrium. Further, the emphasis is put on modeling the solid matrix as a cohesive-friction component. This needs to introduce a new internal variable, plastic strain of matrix, resulting in a clearer brittle-ductile transition in the pre-peak regime, especially under relative high confining pressures. Next, the plastic compressible matrix is separately described by an associated and a non-associated flow rule in comparison with a large amount of test results. It is found that the non-associated model can well reproduce the compaction-dilatation transition with cyclic numbers. Finally, the unified model is developed to investigate the long-term behavior in terms of matrix viscoplasticity. The deformation mechanisms are analyzed regarding the coupling between matrix viscoplasticity and sub-critical propagation of microcracks
Breton, Emmanuel. "Modélisation de la fissuration sous sollicitations de contact des massifs revêtus." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0037.
Full textA two-dimensional model for a cracked coated medium submitted to mechanical and/or thermal loadings is presented. It is based on the superposition principle. The "continuous stress field" corresponding to stress field in the coated body in the absence of cracks is added to the "crack or correcting stress field" corresponding to displacement discontinuities along crack faces that generate stresses. This model is based on Fourier integral transform, continuous dislocation distribution an unilateral contact with friction methods. This new approach allows to calculate accurately, systematically and for an unexpansive computational effort the elastic energy release rate G at crack tips. Crack parallel to the free surface situated either in the coating, at the interface coating/substrate interface or in the substrate and also cracks perpendicular to the free surface located in the coating or in the substrate without crossing the interface can be analyzed. A first coating choice is feasible from mechanical and thermal property and running condition analyses. The sites of the extrema of the continuous shear and tension stresses at the coating/substrate interface were related to critical crack positions for which maximum energy release rate G are obtained. Further, a critical coating depth was defined versus coating and substrate mechanical properties, loading conditions. Finally, a multiple crack parametric study was conducted and devoted to schematic peeling modeling. 2 cracks are considered: one at the coating/substrate interface, the other one perpendicular to the interface, situated in the coating and above the first one. Conditions that may favor the crack junction and leading to a coating spell detachment are studied
Granger, Sébastien. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation du phénomène d'auto-cicatrisation des fissures dans les bétons." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2098.
Full textThe propagation of cracks in concrete structures, due to loadings (mechanical, thermal. . . ) or time dependant effects (creep, shrinkage…), results in loss of resistances and durability problems, linked to watertightness and transfer properties. With specific conditions, and without any external intervention of repair, some cracks can heal themselves. The phenomenon is mainly based on chemical reactions between water and cement, hydrated or not, available in hardened concrete microstructure. The self healing phenomenon has been mainly highlighted, in previous works, by means of water permeability tests, showing its role in durability considerations. The presented work aims at analysing the role of the phenomenon on a mechanical point of view. An experimental program is developed, in order to quantify the mechanical behaviour, under 3 points bending, of concrete beams initially cracked, and then aged in conditions allowing or not the occurrence of the phenomenon. Different kinds of concrete are analysed, a model material with high performances and classical concretes. The cracking processes of the specimens are also studied with acoustic emission techniques. The results show a recovery of mechanical properties for the specimens stored in water, and the following of cracking processes confirms that this mechanical gains are due to the precipitation of new crystals in the cracks, which are less resistant than those from the normal hydration of cement. These crystals are then analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry, and a link is established between the mechanical results and the characteristics of the new crystals. With these results, a first approach of mechanical behaviour modelling including the self healing is proposed, and first qualitative results are presented. In parallel to this work on the mechanical behaviour, a non destructive technique, based on the time reversal principle, is developed in order to follow phenomena in concrete. The results of preliminary tests applied to the self healing are thus presented
Razakamanantsoa, Andry Rico. "Etudes du comportement hydromécanique, chimique et de la durabilité des géomatériaux d'étanchéité mélangés avec des polymères." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0120/these.pdf.
Full text[Passive barrier for landfill liners are designed with bentonite material as Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL's) or Sand Bentonite Mixtures (SBM). This thesis is focused on the experimental study of the long term Chemo-Hydro-Mechanic behaviour of polymer treated geomaterials. Tests are performed with two powder polyelectrolyte polymers (P1, P2). Soil and one selected type of bentonite from a set of six are used. The corresponding testing fluid is composed with : synthetized leachate, CaCl2 and NaCl. This first step of the study is to select the suitable bentonite (B) and the corresponding polymer concentration (2%) that gives the best swelling ability to the bentonite. Compatibility test of the bentonite polymer mixture with synthetized leachable is done. Tests are performed by fabricating GL's, with filter press and oedopermeameter. Results show that hydraulic performance grows with the bentonite concentration. And the LS aggressiveness occurs immediately in a case of bentonite. The effects of polymer treatment are different : P1 increases the swelling ability of bentonite by flocculation, P2 increases the hydraulic performance of the bentonite by dispersion. The long term hydraulic performance tests with SBM are carried out with a rigid wall permeameter. Tests results show that prehydration delays only the fluid aggressiveness in spide of reducing the corresponding effects. The long term effect of polymer treatment reveals benefits to geomaterial behaviour by increasing water retention and reducing the undesired effects of pollutant. The chemical index is proposed to forecast the geomaterial degradation]
Tiennot, Mathilde. "Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des minéraux argileux dans l'altération de la pierre monumentale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066036.
Full textFlaking is a deterioration pattern widely observed on monumental stone heritage. This pattern is due to the initiation and propagation of a crack subparallel to the surface of the stone exposed to natural weathering. This research aims to better understand the alteration mechanisms and to determine the parameters involved in such crack initiation within monumental stones. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed and the influence of clay minerals on this detachment alteration is discussed. The research is carried out on three stones, a molasse, a sandstone and a kersantite, showing scaling effect when submitted to natural conditions. Their hydromechanical behaviour is studied with respect to their natural anisotropy. Elastic properties, tensile strength and toughness are measured after saturation, at various RH values during humidification and drying, and after several cycles. Wave propagation combined with dilatation measurements is used to follow damage during the RH variations cycles. The influence of clay minerals on alteration processes is verified. These phases are critical factors of stone degradation as they are weakness planes leading to damage and cracking, especially generated by their swelling