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Gonçalves, Pedro Wagner, Heitor Assis Junior, Marcelo Luis de Brino, and Celso Dal Ré Carneiro. "Da Mineralogia à Geologia: quarenta anos que mudaram a ciência no Brasil (1876-1918)." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 27 (January 5, 2024): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2023v27espp124-141.
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Resumo Esta pesquisa é resultado da reflexão sobre a história do mapeamento geológico do Brasil e a possibilidade de tratá-lo como caso de estudo. Pretende iluminar a intersecção entre a prospecção de recursos minerais (uma marca cultural desde a exploração praticada nos tempos do Brasil Colônia) e a preocupação pedagógica de difundir a Geologia entre elites culturais do final do século XIX, na Escola de Minas (fundada em 1876) e nas politécnicas. Os trabalhos pioneiros de John Casper Branner (1850-1922) e seus contatos com naturalistas que atuavam no Brasil, constituem chaves para interpretar seu significado e alcance em termos de descobertas (estabelecimento de marcos estratigráficos de extensão nacional), prospecção de recursos minerais estratégicos (ferro e carvão) e mudança do fazer ciência. Obras seminais publicadas por Branner (livro de texto intitulado Geologia Elementar – edições de 1906 e 1915 – e mapa geológico do Brasil – escala 1:5.000.000 publicado em inglês e português em 1919) exibem uma concepção de ciência, de geologia e de ensino marcantes na estruturação das ciências geológicas no Brasil. A reunião de preocupações pedagógicas e técnicas revela a inflexão dos estudos mineralógicos para geológicos no fim do século XIX e a emergência de um fazer geologia resultante de preocupações teóricas e práticas. Palavras-chave: História da Ciência, Ensino de Geologia, mapa geológico, livro didático, John Casper Branner (1850-1922) Abstract This study is the findings on the history of geologic mapping of Brazil and the alternatives of the case for teaching. It intends to highlight the intersection between prospection of mineral resources (a cultural character from Brazil colonia exploration) and the pedagogic worries to divulgate the geology among Brazilian cultural elites in ends of nineteenth century by means of School of Mines (created in 1876) and polytechnic schools. The strategic point to study is on the John Casper Branner's works (particularly his textbook – first and second editions, 1906 and 1915, and his geological map of Brazil, 1:5.000.000, published in English and Portuguese in 1919) because they show up the views of science, of geology and teaching; we defend that they present a framework of the geological sciences in Brazil. This framework reveals a network of naturalists, their contributions and their findings in terms of stratigraphic geology, mineral prospection, deposits and ores of iron and coal as well as the change of making geology. They put the stratigraphic marks to national geology, Branner synthetizes this making upon teaching perspectives. Branner's works (textbook and geological map) display a conception of science, of geology and the teaching which are fundamentals to organize Brazilian geological sciences. The combination of pedagogical and technical concerns reveals the inflection of mineralogical to geological studies in the ends of nineteenth century and the emergence of the making of geology because of theoretical and practical concerns. Keywords: history of science, teaching of geology, geological map, textbook, John Casper Branner (1850-1922) Resumen Este estudio recoge los hallazgos sobre la historia del mapeamiento geológica de Brasil y las alternativas del caso para la enseñanza. Pretende resaltar la intersección entre la prospección de recursos minerales (que viene desde la exploración colonial brasileña) y las preocupaciones pedagógicas por divulgar la geología entre las elites culturales brasileñas de finales del siglo XIX (cuando fue criada la Escuela de Minas, en 1876). El punto estratégico a estudiar son las obras de John Casper Branner (particularmente su libro de texto – primera y segunda ediciones, 1906 y 1915, y su mapa geológico de Brasil, 1:5.000.000, publicado en inglés y portugués en 1919) porque muestran cómo la ciencia y la geología se mesclan por medio de la enseñanza. Las ciencias geológicas en Brasil tuvieran un marco: una red de naturalistas, sus contribuciones y sus hallazgos en términos de geología estratigráfica, prospección minera, yacimientos y menas de hierro y carbón, así como el cambio de la geología. Branner sintetiza esta elaboración en perspectivas científicas y docentes. Sus obras (libro de texto y mapa geológico) muestran una concepción de la ciencia, de la geología y de la enseñanza que son fundamentales para organizar las ciencias geológicas brasileñas. La combinación de preocupaciones pedagógicas y técnicas revela la inflexión de los estudios mineralógicos en los geológicos a finales del siglo XIX y el surgimiento de la creación de la geología debido a preocupaciones teóricas y prácticas. Palavras-clave: historia de la ciencia, enseñanza de la geología, mapa geológico, libro de texto, John Casper Branner (1850-1922)
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Roemmele, Christopher. "The Impact of Curriculum and Instructional Choices on Undergraduate Students in Introductory Geology." International Research in Higher Education 4, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v4n3p17.
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This research investigated the impact of an introductory geology class on undergraduate students' attitudes toward and conceptual understanding of geology. The purpose was to identify students' geologic blindness, a construct of disinterest, disdain, and unawareness of geology, geologic processes, and their relationship to humans, by assessing students’ views on curricular and pedagogical choices. A convergent parallel mixed-methods research design was conducted. The participants consisted of 289 students enrolled over two semesters in an introductory geology class for non-majors. Specific to content and instruction, students found the format of rock and mineral labs and exams difficult and in need of change. They expressed positive attitudes about the hands-on, collaborative nature of these labs, and observation skills to perform them. Curriculum topics judged more interesting were deemed less difficult to understand, and vice versa, and that there was general understanding of geology’s broader themes of tectonics and time. Open-ended responses from participants, and interviews with key informants provided further evidence for these results. Students indicated that explicit instruction on the topic relevance, cross-topic connections, and on-going assessment and the use of a variety of visualizations and collaborative work would help to improve understanding and attitudes. The results provide insight into ways to improve introductory geology courses by addressing geologic blindness.
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Li, Yaoguo, Aline Melo, Cericia Martinez, and Jiajia Sun. "Geology differentiation: A new frontier in quantitative geophysical interpretation in mineral exploration." Leading Edge 38, no. 1 (January 2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle38010060.1.
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Geophysics aims to image subsurface geologic structure and identify different geologic units. While the former has dominated the interpretation of applied geophysical data, the latter has received much less attention. This appears to have persisted despite applications such as those in mineral exploration that inherently rely on the inference of geologic units from geophysical and geologic observations. In practice, such activities are routinely carried out in a qualitative manner. Thus, it is meaningful to examine this aspect and to develop a system of quantitative approaches to identify different geologic units. The development of geophysical inversions in the last three decades makes such interpretation tools possible. We refer to this newly emerging direction as geology differentiation and the resultant representation of geology model as a quasi-geology model. In this article, we will provide an overview of the historical background of geology differentiation and the current developments based on physical property inversions of geophysical data sets. We argue that integrating multiple physical property models to differentiate and characterize geologic units and work with the derived quasi-geology model may lead to a step change in maximizing the value of geophysical inversions.
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Adhitya, Bagus, Hari Wiki Utama, Anggi Deliana Siregar, Magdalena Ritonga, and Yulia Morsa Said. "Pembuatan maket geologi struktur sebagai bahan ajar di Jurusan Teknik Kebumian Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Jambi." Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/transformasi.v17i2.4020.
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[Bahasa]: Geologi Struktur adalah salah satu mata kuliah yang ada pada kurikulum Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Teknik Pertambangan dan Teknik Geofisika yang dikelola oleh Jurusan Teknik Kebumian. Mata kuliah ini mempelajari bentukan atau struktur batuan penyusun kerak bumi, arsitektur batuan penyusun kerak bumi, dan bagaimana proses pembentukan struktur geologi. Identifikasi masalah yang ditemui adalah belum optimalnya hasil pembelajaran pada mata kuliah geologi struktur pada masa pandemi karena tidak adanya alat praktikum yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan kegiatan observasi lapangan. Di sisi lain observasi lapangan terhadap struktur geologi secara langsung sulit untuk dilaksanakan dan memiliki resiko yang cukup besar. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dilakukan pembuatan maket geologi struktur taman bumi (Geopark) Merangin, Jambi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membuat maket geologi struktur sebagai bahan ajar yang dapat menjadi alternatif pembelajaran dan praktikum pengukuran struktur dasar di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra adalah metode problem solving. Dari hasil pengukuran strike & dip diperoleh kedudukan pada sayap kiri lipatan maket geologi struktur berarah N 218oE/38o (Barat Daya) sedangkan pada sayap kanan lipatan maket geologi struktur berarah N 25oE/24o (Timur Laut). Maket geologi yang dibuat memiliki struktur berupa antiklin dengan bagian tengah mengalami pergeseran karena struktur sesar. Hasil analisis data struktur sesar merupakan sesar mendatar naik kanan, dengan kedudukan bidang sesar N 42°E/66°, Plunge/Bearing 80°N 87°E, dan Rake 45°. Pembuatan maket geologi struktur sangat bemanfaat dalam menambah pemahaman mahasiswa pada mata kuliah geologi struktur. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui pengukuran struktur dasar sebelum terjun ke lapangan secara langsung sehingga mereka akan lebih siap saat melakukan kuliah lapangan.
Kata Kunci: maket geologi struktur, bahan ajar, geopark Merangin
[English]: Structural Geology is one of the courses in the curriculum of Geological Engineering, Mining Engineering, and Geophysical Engineering managed by the Department of Earth Engineering. This course studies the formation or structure of the rocks that make up the earth's crust, the architecture of the rocks that make up the earth's crust, and how the geological structure is formed. The problems identified were the non-optimal learning outcomes in the structural geology course during the pandemic and the absence of practical tools that can be used for field observation activities. On the other hand, field observations of geological structures directly are very difficult to carry out and have great risks. The solution to this problem is to make a geological structure scale model of the Earth Park (Geopark) Merangin, Jambi. This community service program aims to create structural geology mockups as teaching materials that can be alternative learning and practicum for measuring basic structures during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this program was problem-solving. From the result of the strike and dip measurement, the position was obtained on the left-wing of the geological model fold of the structure withN N 218oE/38o direction (Southwest). While on the right-wing of the geological model fold of the structure, the direction was N 218oE/38o (Northeast). The developed geological scale model has a structure in the form of an anticline with the center shifting due to the fault. Data analysis resulted in the position of the fault plane N 42°E/66°, Plunge/Bearing 80°N 87°E, and Rake 45°. Making a structural geology scale model is very useful in increasing students' understanding of the structural geology course. They can know the measurement of basic structures before going to the field directly so that the students will be better prepared when doing the field trip.
Keywords: structural geology mockup, teaching materials, merangin geopark
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Sun, Jiajia, Aline Tavares Melo, Jae Deok Kim, and Xiaolong Wei. "Unveiling the 3D undercover structure of a Precambrian intrusive complex by integrating airborne magnetic and gravity gradient data into 3D quasi-geology model building." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): SS15—SS29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0273.1.
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Mineral exploration under a thick sedimentary cover naturally relies on geophysical methods. We have used high-resolution airborne magnetic and gravity gradient data over northeast Iowa to characterize the geology of the concealed Precambrian rocks and evaluate the prospectivity of mineral deposits. Previous researchers have interpreted the magnetic and gravity gradient data in the form of a 2D geologic map of the Precambrian basement rocks, which provides important geophysical constraints on the geologic history and mineral potentials over the Decorah area located in the northeast of Iowa. However, their interpretations are based on 2D data maps and are limited to the two horizontal dimensions. To fully tap into the rich information contained in the high-resolution airborne geophysical data, and to further our understanding of the undercover geology, we have performed separate and joint inversions of magnetic and gravity gradient data to obtain 3D density contrast models and 3D susceptibility models, based on which we carried out geology differentiation. Based on separately inverted physical property values, we have identified 10 geologic units and their spatial distributions in 3D which are all summarized in a 3D quasi-geology model. The extension of 2D geologic interpretation to 3D allows for the discovery of four previously unidentified geologic units, a more detailed classification of the Yavapai country rock, and the identification of the highly anomalous core of the mafic intrusions. Joint inversion allows for the classification of a few geologic units further into several subclasses. We have demonstrated the added value of the construction of a 3D quasi-geology model based on 3D separate and joint inversions.
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Bathrellos, G. D. "An overview in urban geology and urban geomorphology." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16888.
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Worldwide is observed an expansion in urban areas. In Greece a proportional phenomenon is mentioned. More than 52% of the Greek population now lives in the two metropolitan municipalities of Athens and Salonica. For this reason grows up the scientific interest to urban geology and urban geomorphology. Urban Geology is the application of geologic knowledge to the planning and management of metropolitan areas. Its domain spans both regional geology and applied geology. Urban Geomorphology is the study of man as a physical process of change whereby he metamorphoses a more natural terrain to an anthropogene cityscape. In such a context Urban Geomorphology is the surface component of Urban Geology, which is one of the important subfields of environmental geology. The urban geomorphology is related with the management of natural hazards and the spatial planning. Engineering geology and urban planning need to interface with geomorphology in hazardous areas.
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Young, Davis A. "The Biblical Flood as a Geological Agent: A Review of Theories." Paleontological Society Papers 5 (October 1999): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000565.
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Mainstream scientists, including Woodward, Buckland, Prestwich, Suess, and Ryan and Pitman, have proposed a variety of theories to explain the biblical deluge. The extent of the flood in these theories has decreased as empirical knowledge of global geology has increased. In contrast, contemporary flood geology attempts to explain most of the geologic record in terms of a single, year-long, global catastrophe. Flood geology exists in the context of an alternate scientific universe with its own institutions, organizations, journals, and meetings. The views of Leonard Brand, Steven Austin, and Walt Brown, representative of flood geology, are discussed.
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Osipov, V. I. "About fundamental losses in engineering geology." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 5 (September 20, 2019): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019589-91.
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The paper considers the viewpoint of the author, i.e., the full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prof. V.I. Osipov, on the problem raised by Prof. V.T. Trofimov, the head of the Department of Engineering and ecological geology at the Moscow State University, in his article published in “Inzhenernaya geologiya” journal, about the losses in engineering geology in the last decades. Both the objective and subjective reasons of this science degradation are mentioned.
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Ganguly, Pekham. "Medical Geology Related to Different Trace Elements Deficiency and Toxicity Diseases." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55616.
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Abstract: Medical geology is an emerging discipline that, broadly defined, examines the public health impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes. Medical Geology, the study of the impacts of geologic materials and processes on animal and human health, is a dynamic emerging discipline bringing together the geosciences, biomedical, and public health communities to solve a wide range of environmental health problems. Among the Medical Geology described in this review are examples of both deficiency and toxicity of trace element exposure. Goiter is a widespread and potentially serious health problem caused by deficiency of iodine. In many locations the deficiency is attributable to low concentrations of iodine in the bedrock. Similarly, deficiency of selenium in the soil has been cited as the principal cause of juvenile cardiomyopathy and muscular abnormalities. Overexposure to arsenic is one of the most widespread Medical Geology problems affecting more than one hundred million people in Bangladesh, India, China, Europe, Africa and North and South America. The arsenic exposure is primarily due to naturally high levels in groundwater but combustion of mineralized coal has also caused arsenic poisoning. Dental and skeletal fluorosis also impacts the health of millions of people around the world and, like arsenic, is due to naturally high concentrations in drinking water and, to a lesser extent, coal combustion. Other Medical Geology issues described include geophagia, the deliberate ingestion of soil, exposure to radon, and ingestion of high concentrations of organic compounds in drinking water. Geosciences and biomedical/public health researchers are teaming to help mitigate these health problems.
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de Mendonça Figueirôa, Silvia Fernanda. "Brazilian geology for Brazilian students: The general geology textbook published by John Casper Branner in 1906." Earth Sciences History 35, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-35.2.375.
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This paper focuses on a somewhat neglected subject/object—textbooks—intending to discuss and analyze the case of the book Geologia elementar preparada com referencia especial aos estudantes brazileiros e à geologia do Brazil [Elementary geology prepared with special reference to Brazilian students and to Brazilian geology], written by the North American geologist John Casper Branner (1850–1922), first published in 1906, with a second edition in 1915. It is my aim to address some questions: How and why was this textbook written? Was it molded by the expectations of its author, its publisher or the general public? How far did it express the conceptions and paradigms of the time, national styles/tendencies, or momentous controversial issues? Did the individual reputation of its author ensure its circulation? Was it inspired by, or based upon, other textbooks? I expect that the arguments contribute to the understanding that textbooks and their authors are not neutral objects or passive actors, but they actually play a creative role in the development of a scientific discipline—in this case, Brazilian geology, through the relations between North and South America and their respective geoscientific communities.
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Tien, Jianni, and Eloise Florence. "Geology as Somatechnics: Re-imagining Human and Technology Entanglements in Geologies of the Future." Somatechnics 12, no. 1-2 (August 2022): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2022.0377.
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In this article we offer a textual analysis informed by feminist framings of the geologic as a somatechnic research practice. The turn to geology in recent feminist scholarship responds to the explosion of discourse on the Anthropocene (itself a geologic term) interrogating the power relations implicit in geology as a seemingly objective research practice and epistemology. We use this theoretical standpoint on geology to analyse two literary representations of geologies of the future – Dawn by Octavia Butler and Earth After Us by Jan Zalasiewicz. In Earth After Us, aliens of the future mine the depths of the earth to understand humans’ relationship with the planet and planetary annihilation. In Dawn, aliens mine the geology of human flesh and genetics to understand the same thing. Through our analysis we demonstrate the ways that geology, as a specifically Western epistemology and research practice, relies on the distinction between the body – ‘bio’ – and nature – ‘geo’ – that Povinelli has termed ‘Geontopower’ (2016). Geontopower traces the ways that the research practices and epistemologies of geology are built from Western perspectives, that in turn are built on the backs of bodies – the slave power that built empires, as well as the long fossilised bodies that have powered capitalism. Through a feminist lens we demonstrate how these text’s representations of future geologies articulate a somatechnics in which bodies and technologies are intertwined. We argue that thinking geologically is a somatechnical research practice that reveals the extractive epistemologies implicit in ‘the White Geology of the Anthropocene’ ( Yusoff 2018 ). We conclude by offering a somatechnic geology in which the entangled relationships between bodies and systems of colonialism and capitalism are acknowledged as imbricated in the layers of flesh of humans and the planet alike, in order to imagine more just futures in an era of ecological urgency.
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Nuzul Putri Deliani and Astri Mutia Ekasari. "Evaluasi Penyediaan Fasilitas Wisata Museum Geologi Menuju Museum Ramah Disabilitas." Bandung Conference Series: Urban & Regional Planning 3, no. 2 (August 9, 2023): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsurp.v3i2.8640.
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Abstract. Persons with disabilities must have easy access, treatment and adequate accommodation to meet their needs as tourists as well as equality and opportunity to carry out tourism activities. The Geology Museum is the first museum in the city of Bandung to declare it friendly for visitors with disabilities in 2019. In creating a friendly museum for visitors with disabilities, the provision of tourist facilities at the Geology Museum needs to be a concern. The purpose of this research is to identify the achievements of the Geology Museum in providing tourism facilities to disability-friendly museums. This type of research was carried out qualitatively, with a formal evaluation approach method through collecting data from literature studies and observations which were processed by comparative analysis. The evaluation instrument refers to Permen PU No. 30 of 2006, Bandung City Regional Regulation No. 15 of 2019, and City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines (2004). The results of this study note that only 58% of the facilities available at the Geology Museum are said to be sufficient to go to a disability-friendly museum.
Abstrak. Penyandang disabilitas harus memiliki akses yang memudahkan, mendapatkan perlakuan, dan akomodasi yang layak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sebagai wisatawan serta kesetaraan dan kesempatan untuk melakukan kegiatan wisata. Museum Geologi menjadi museum pertama di Kota Bandung yang mencanangkan ramah bagi pengunjung disabilitas pada tahun 2019. Dalam mewujudkan museum ramah bagi pengunjung disabilitas, penyediaan fasilitas wisata di Museum Geologi perlu menjadi perhatian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi capaian Museum Geologi dalam penyediaan fasilitas wisata menuju museum ramah disabilitas. Jenis penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif, dengan metode pendekatan evaluasi formal melalui pengumpulan data studi literatur dan observasi yang diolah dengan analisis komparatif. Intrumen evaluasi mengacu pada Permen PU No.30 Tahun 2006, Perda Kota Bandung No.15 Tahun 2019, dan City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines (2004). Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa hanya 58% fasilitas yang tersedia di Museum Geologi dikatakan cukup untuk menuju museum ramah disabilitas.
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Budiono, Kris, and Godwin Latuputty. "SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL CONDITION OF SEVERAL LAND COASTAL ZONE IN INDONESIA BASED ON THE GSSI GROUND PROBING RADAR (GPR) RECORD INTERPRETATION." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.23.1.2008.6.
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The GSSI Ground Penetrating radar have been used to profile the shallow depth of subsurface geology of several area of Land Coastal zone in Indonesia Analysis of a large data base of GPR profile from natural subsurface geological condition along the land coast line have allowed identification of reflection configuration that characterize this type of sub surface geological environment. In many contamination problem, the geological information of coastal area is sparse and drill-core description only gives a limited picture of the geometry of inhomogeneties. The Ground-Probing Radar (GPR) method is a promising tool for resolving changes of physical properties in subsurface geological condition at the scale of natural inhomogeneties arising from changing lithology composition. The objective of present work are to examine whether and to what extent the characteristic lithofacies of subsurface lithology can be recognised as mapable reflection pattern on ground probing radar (GPR) reflection profiles in order to gain information about the subsurface geometry of subsurface geology in coastal area.
Key word: Subsurface geology, coastal zone, Ground Probing Radar
Ground probing radar produksi GSSI telah dipergunakan untuk membuat penampang geologi bawah permukaan dangkal di beberapa kawasan pantai Indonesia. Analisa data dasar penampang GPR dari geologi bawah permukaan di kawasan pantai dapat memperlihatkan konfigurasi reflector yang mencerminkan jenis lingkungan geologi bawah permukaan. Dalam masalah kontaminasi, informasi geologi di daerah pantai yang dihasilkan dari pemboran inti hanya dapat memperlihatkan gambaran yang sederhana tentang geometri ketidakseragaman. Metoda ground probing radar merupakan alat bantu yang menjanjikan untuk menanggulangi masalah sifat fisik kondisi geologi bawah permukaan pada skala ketidak seragaman yang sebenarnya dari perubahan komposisi litologi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sampai sejauh mana karakteristik litofasies dari litologi bawah permukaan dapat dilihat sebagai pola refleksi yang dapat dipetakan dalam penampang GPR dengan maksud untuk mendapatkan informasi geometri geologi bawah permukaan di daerah pantai.
Kata kunci: Geologi bawah permukaan, zona pantai, “Ground probing radarâ€
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Saini-Eidukat, Bernhardt, Donald P. Schwert, and Brian M. Slator. "Geology explorer: virtual geologic mapping and interpretation." Computers & Geosciences 28, no. 10 (December 2002): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(02)00036-5.
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Carter-McAuslan, Angela, and Colin Farquharson. "Predictive geologic mapping from geophysical data using self-organizing maps: A case study from Baie Verte, Newfoundland, Canada." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): B249—B264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0756.1.
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Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are a type of unsupervised artificial neural networks clustering tool. SOMs are used to cluster large multivariate data sets. They can identify patterns and trends in the geophysical maps of an area and generate proxy geology maps, known as remote predictive mapping. We have applied SOMs to magnetic, radiometric, and gravity data sets compiled from multiple modern and legacy data sources over the Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. The regional and local geologic maps available for this area and knowledge from numerous geologic studies has enabled the accuracy of SOM-based predictive mapping to be assessed. Proxy geology maps generated by primary clustering directly from the SOMs and secondary clustering using a k-means approach reproduced many geologic units identified by previous traditional geologic mapping. Of the combinations of data sets tested, the combination of magnetic data, primary radiometric data and their ratios, and Bouguer gravity data gave the best results. We found that using reduced-to-the-pole residual intensity or using the analytic signal as the magnetic data were equally useful. The SOM process was unaffected by gaps in the coverage of some of the data sets. The SOM results could be used as input into k-means clustering because this method requires no gaps in the data. The subsequent k-means clustering resulted in more meaningful proxy geology maps than were created by the SOM alone. In regions where the geology is poorly known, these proxy maps can be useful in targeting where traditional, on-the-ground geologic mapping would be most beneficial, which can be especially useful in parts of the world where access is difficult and expensive.
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Häusler, Hermann. "Military Geology and Comprehensive Security Geology – Applied Geologic Contributions to New Austrian Security Strategy." Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 108, no. 2 (2015): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2015.0027.
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Mayomi, Ikusemoran, Didams Gideon, and Michael Abashiya. "Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Geology and Pedologic Formations in Gombe State, North Eastern Nigeria." Journal of Geography and Geology 10, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v10n1p83.
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This paper focused on the mapping and analysis of the spatial distribution of the geology and soils in Gombe State. The ever rapid rise in population of the country has called for the need for expansion of agricultural activities which necessitates an in-depth knowledge of the spatial location of soil types for agricultural related activities. There is also the need to explore the environment for possible endowments of mineral resources which can be exploited to meet the economic demands of the populace. The soil and geology maps of Gombe State were extracted from existing soil and geology maps of Nigeria, obtained from Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)/United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)/International Soil Reference and Information Center (ISRIC) and Nigeria Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) respectively. The soil and geology types were digitized as polygon, while other important features such as LGA boundaries, state boundaries were also digitized and overlain on the two generated maps (soils and geology). The clip sub module of the ArcGIS was used to delineate each of the LGAs in both maps, that is, extraction of each LGA as well as the soil and geology units in each of the LGAs. The area in square kilometers of the soils and geology units in the entire state and in each LGA were obtained through the use of the area calculation module of the ArcGIS. The result of the study revealed that Gombe State consists of fourteen (14) geologic units. Among them, the KerriKerri which comprised of sandstone, shale and clay geologic unit covers almost half (42.75%) of the State. Limestone and Shale of the Pindiga formation which are principally used for cement making are found mainly in Funakaye LGA which is the home of Ashaka Cement. It was also found out that there are eleven soil units in the state with Nitisols almost covering half of the state. It was recommended that the generated soil and geologic maps of the State are expected to be considered for mineral exploration and crop suitability assessments in order to reduce time, cost and energy that would likely be incurred if the entire state is assessed.
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CLARY, RENEE M. "THE ROYAL SCHOOL OF MINES: HENRY DE LA BECHE’S CONVERGENCE OF PROFESSIONALIZATION AND PUBLIC ADVOCACY." Earth Sciences History 39, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-39.2.291.
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ABSTRACT Several European countries instituted mining schools in the late 1700s, including France, Germany, Hungary, and Russia. However, since England’s mining industry was privatized with little government involvement, Great Britain was decades behind with the creation of a school of mines. In 1835, Henry De la Beche (1796–1855) became the first director of the Ordnance Geological Survey, precursor to the British Geological Survey. De la Beche used this position to advance geology’s professionalization, which would include the establishment of an applied geology museum, mining records storehouse, and a school of mines. The Museum of Economic Geology, displaying the country’s mineral resources and geology, was De la Beche’s first success. Founded in 1835, it opened to the public in 1841. The Mining Records Office opened in 1840 as a repository for plans of working and abandoned mines. An early public advocate for workers’ safety, De la Beche lobbied for government inspections of collieries, immediate reporting of mining accidents, and proper plans of mines. The School of Mines was De la Beche’s third accomplishment in geology’s professionalization. As an outgrowth of the museum, it was formally opened in 1851 along with the larger Museum of Practical Geology, the Museum of Economic Geology’s successor. De la Beche’s intent for the School of Mines—instruction as a combination of science and practice—seems modern in its approach. In 1843, funding was allocated for lectures on the practical applications of geology, but these were not implemented until the School of Mines opened in 1851. In his effort to educate everyone—from miner to mine owner—De la Beche transcended social boundaries and supported open, public lectures. As a result, some considered him a class traitor. De la Beche used his position to advocate for advancement of the mining industry to include miner safety and public education. Therefore, while the Royal School of Mines emerged later than many of its European counterparts, it was part of a systematic professionalization of geology, coupled with education and a public advocacy for mining participants.
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Gutiérrez Claverol, M., and J. C. García-Ramos. "La geología de Asturias a través de las Topografías Médicas The geology of Asturias through Medical Topographies." Trabajos de Geología 36, no. 36 (September 12, 2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/tdg.36.2016.203-236.
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Resumen: Se describe la aportación de médicos rurales a la divulgación de la geología asturiana. Evidentemente, aunque el grado de conocimiento geológico de sus autores no era el adecuado para hacer grandes aportaciones, colaboraron eficientemente, con la ayuda de la incipiente bibliografía disponible en aquella época, a popularizar esta rama científica. En este artículo se analizan brevemente los capítulos dedicados a la geología de las 19 Topografías Médicas escritas sobre concejos de Asturias que fueron galardonadas con el Premio García Roël. Quedan sin valorar 24 manuscritos no publicados, en su mayoría anónimos, que se conservan en las Reales Academias Nacionales de Medicina de Madrid y Barcelona.Palabras clave: Geología, Topografía Médica, siglos xix y xx, Asturias.Abstract: This article describes the contribution of rural doctors to the spread of knowledge on Asturian geology. Although the degree of geological competence of the authors was, obviously, not sufficiently developed to make major contributions, with the help of the available literatura they collaborated to popularizing this branch of science. This paper contains brief analyses of the chapters devoted to geology in 19 Medical Topographies on Asturian municipalities that were awarded the García Roël Prize. There are 24 other unpublished manuscripts, mostly anonymous, that remain for future address in the archives of the Royal National Academies for Medicine of Madrid and Barcelona.Keywords: Geology, Medical Topographies, xix and xx centuries, Asturias.
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Aalto, K. R. "Philip Tyson's 1849 study of California gold prospects." Earth Sciences History 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-36.1.30.
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Philip Thomas Tyson (1799–1877) toured privately through central California, from San Francisco through the Sierra Nevada foothills gold prospects in 1849, to assess their potential and the general geology of the region. He produced the first regional map with geologic notations and several rough topographic/geologic cross-sections. He described Coast Range basement rocks, now described as Franciscan Complex mélange and broken formation, the stratigraphic configuration of the Great Valley, and general geology of the Sierra Nevada foothills. He recognized that the older Coast Range and Sierran basement were deformed prior to recent volcanism and extensive terrestrial fluvial sedimentation, likely Neogene in age.
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Zhang, Dazheng, and Carol Faul. "A History of Geology and Geological Education in China (to 1949)." Earth Sciences History 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.7.1.e6337776367421x4.
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References to geology are in the earliest Chinese writings. However, the literature was little disseminated-and mostly unknown to the rest of the world until recently. The purpose of the imperial examination system, which began in the Sui Dynasty (581-618), was to select government officials- and thus greatly influenced topics studied by ambitious Chinese, The natural sciences were not included, and even mathematics was eventually excluded. Therefore, education in the sciences was neglected and the study of geology was virtually ignored. It was not until late in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) that the government formulated a policy to introduce foreign science and technology into China. Modern geologic ideas were introduced with the establishment of technical schools and the translation into Chinese of works by James D. Dana and Charles Lyell during the 1870s. Early in the twentieth century, foreign geology teachers were brought to China and Chinese students were sent to foreign countries to study geology. This infusion successfully developed the modern teaching and practice of geology in China.
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Lu, Xushan, Colin Farquharson, Jean-Marc Miehé, Grant Harrison, and Patrick Ledru. "Computer modeling of electromagnetic data for mineral exploration: Application to uranium exploration in the Athabasca Basin." Leading Edge 40, no. 2 (February 2021): 139a1–139a10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40020139a1.1.
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Electromagnetic (EM) methods are important geophysical tools for mineral exploration. Forward and inverse computer modeling are commonly used to interpret EM data. Real-life geology can be complex, and our computer modeling tools need to faithfully represent subsurface features to achieve accurate data interpretation. Traditional rectilinear meshes are less flexible and have difficulty conforming to the complex geometries of realistic geologic models, resulting in large numbers of mesh cells. In contrast, unstructured grids can represent complex geologic structures efficiently and accurately. However, building realistic geologic models and discretizing these models with unstructured grids suitable for EM modeling can be difficult and requires significant effort and specialized computer software tools. Therefore, it is important to develop workflows that can be used to facilitate model building and mesh generation. We have developed a procedure that can be used to build arbitrarily complex geologic models with topography using unstructured grids and a finite-volume time-domain code to calculate EM responses. We present an example of a trial-and-error modeling approach applied to a real data set collected at a uranium exploration project in the Athabasca Basin in Canada. The uranium mineralization is closely related to graphitic fault conductors in the basement. The deep burial depth and small thickness of the graphitic fault conductors demand accurate data interpretation results to guide subsequent drill testing. Our trial-and-error modeling approach builds initial realistic geologic models based on known geology and downhole data and creates initial geoelectrical models based on physical property measurements. Then, the initial model is iteratively refined based on the match between modeled and real data. We show that the modeling method can obtain 3D geoelectrical models that conform to known geology while achieving a good match between modeled and real data. The method can also provide guidance of where future drill holes should be directed.
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Searight, Thomas Kay, and David Henry Malone. "A Geologic Mapping Problem for Structural Geology Class." Journal of Geoscience Education 44, no. 3 (May 1996): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-44.3.253.
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Paterson, Norman R., and Colin V. Reeves. "Applications of gravity and magnetic surveys: The state‐of‐the‐art in 1985." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 12 (December 1985): 2558–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441884.
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There is a continuous large demand for gravity and magnetic surveys all over the world for a variety of exploration applications, all of which require the geophysicist to provide some new insight into the geology of an area at scales ranging from very large to very small. To achieve this objective, (a) surveys must be carried out accurately, and (b) their results must be interpreted in sympathy with what is already known of the geology. The methodology for acquiring and compiling data appears to be keeping pace with modern technology. Methods of quantitatively interpreting anomalies in terms of models of causative bodies are adapting rapidly to the burgeoning availability of computing power, from large, powerful machines to inexpensive and field‐portable microcomputers. Geologic interpretation, or the identification of physical property distributions in terms of realistic geologic models and processes, is still relatively neglected—in practice and, regretably, in the geophysical literature. Research into the relationships between physical rock properties—particularly magnetite distribution—and geology is gaining momentum, but research still lags behind the requirements of the conscientious geophysical interpreter.
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Bursztyn, Natalie, Pejman Sajjadi, Hannah Riegel, Jiawei Huang, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Jiayan Zhao, Bart Masters, and Alexander Klippel. "Virtual strike and dip – advancing inclusive and accessible field geology." Geoscience Communication 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-29-2022.
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Abstract. Accessibility and inclusivity in field geology have become increasingly important issues to address in geoscience education and have long been set aside due to the tradition of field geology and the laborious task of making it inclusive to all. Although a popular saying among geologists is “the best geologists see the most rocks”, field trips cost money, time, and are only accessible to those who are physically able to stay outside for extended periods. With the availability of 3D block diagrams, an onslaught of virtual learning environments is becoming increasingly viable. Strike and dip is at the core of any field geologist's education and career; learning and practicing these skills is fundamental to making geologic maps and understanding the regional geology of an area. In this paper, we present the Strike and Dip virtual tool (SaD) with the objective of teaching the principles of strike and dip for geologic mapping to introductory geology students. We embedded the SaD tool into an introductory geology course and recruited 147 students to participate in the study. Participants completed two maps using the SaD tool and reported on their experiences through a questionnaire. Students generally perceived the SaD tool positively. Furthermore, some individual differences among students proved to be important contributing factors to their experiences and subjective assessments of learning. When controlling for participants' past experience with similar software, our results indicate that students highly familiar with navigating geographical software perceived the virtual environment of the tool to be significantly more realistic and easier to use compared with those with lower levels of familiarity. Our results are corroborated by a qualitative assessment of participants' feedback to two open-ended questions, highlighting both the overall effectiveness of the SaD tool and the effect of geographical software familiarity on measures of experience and learning.
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Barbour, W. H. "Theoretical Geology and Applied Geology." Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 4, no. 2 (May 29, 2009): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1925.mp4002010.x.
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ROTHERY, DAVE. "When is geology not geology?" Geology Today 2, no. 5 (September 1986): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.1986.tb01052.x.
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Kuenen, P. H. "No geology without marine geology." International Journal of Earth Sciences 91 (September 1, 2002): s54—s61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-002-0279-6.
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Wang, Wei, Bao Sheng Sun, Ke Fa Zhou, and Jin Lin Wang. "Multivariate Information Metallogenic Prognosis Model." Advanced Materials Research 429 (January 2012): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.429.282.
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Metallogenic circumstances spatial of the same category mineral deposit structure had defined commonality in a certain region. The important was that studied mineral deposit informations and determine the nature or a segment quantitative investigation, integrated experts’ experience to make sure the weight of dominate mineral factors, and constructed metallogenic prognosis model, and then proceed metallogenic prognosis and mineral resource evaluation use in other regions. To overcome geologic investigation problem which not unity and manifold explanation about geology、geophysics、geochemistry、remote geology at present.
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Liu, Cheng Zhi, and Hui Cui Sun. "Geological and Seismic Stratigraphy of Wangfu Sag." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1637.
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By combining seismic with geology, we processing a detailed stratigraphic classification in the Wangfu depressed areas. In this way, targeting the geologic horizons and seismic horizons in the wells according to the synthetic seismic logs. We may gain an Corresponding Relation between seismic with geology. Then compare the stratigraphic division . From the point of evolutionary history of regional structure, geological information generated by tectonic movement was recorded, for example, plane of unconformity, sedimentary cycle, lithology, lithofacies, and their responds in the seismic profile.
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García-Cruz, Cándido Manuel. "Richard de Bury (1344) to Charles Lyell (1830). The use of term ‘Geology’ revisited." Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 114-2020 (2020): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29077/bol.114.e05.garcia_cruz.
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The first reference about the use of the term geology is found in Richard de Bury, in the mid-fourteenth century, although he did not define it. This word has been used over almost five hundred years by numerous authors, including U. Aldrovandi (1603), M. P. Escholt (1657), R. Lovell (1661), F. Sessa (1687), E. Warren (1690), D. Clüver (1700), B. Martin (1735), J.-A. de Luc (1778), and H. B. de Saussure (1779), without fully specifying its meaning, with a great vagueness as a concept, and without clearly defining its subject matter: Geology as some book titles, or ideas such as on what is dug out of the earth, discourse concerning the earth, general doctrine of the earth, or science of continents, were duly neither developed nor explained by the authors. Among the fathers of geology as a science, according to their works contents, an implicit meaning is found in G. Arduino (1760) and J. Hutton (1795), and also in other naturalists as B. Faujas de Saint-Fond (1803). In the first decades of the nineteenth century, S. Breislak (1811) and W. Phillips (1815) defined the descriptive, historical and explanatory aspects of geology, and C. Lyell (1830) laid down accurately the scope and aim of geology as a historical science, with a methodology based on Actualism-Uniformitarianism La primera referencia que hay sobre el uso del término geología se encuentra en Richard de Bury, a mediados del siglo XIV, aunque no llegó a definirla. A lo largo de casi quinientos años, numerosos autores han utilizado este vocablo, entre ellos U. Aldrovandi (1603), M. P. Escholt (1657), R. Lovell (1661), F. Sessa (1687), E. Warren (1690), D. Clüver (1700), B. Martin (1735), J.-A. de Luc (1778), o H. B. de Saussure (1779), sin precisar totalmente su significado, con una gran vaguedad conceptual y sin definir claramente su materia de estudio: Geología como título de algunas obras, o ideas como sobre lo excavado de la tierra, discurso sobre la tierra, doctrina general del globo, o ciencia de los continentes, no fueron desarrolladas o explicadas adecuadamente por sus autores. Entre los padres de la geología como ciencia, un significado implícito de acuerdo con el contenido de sus obras se encuentra en G. Arduino (1760) y J. Hutton (1795), así como en otros naturalistas como B. Faujas de Saint-Fond (1803). En las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, S. Breislak (1811) y W. Phillips (1815) definieron los aspectos descriptivo, histórico y explicativo de la geología, y años más tarde C. Lyell (1830) estableció con precisión el alcance de la geología como ciencia histórica, con una metodología basada en el Actualismo-Uniformitarismo
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YOUNG, DAVIS A. "JOSEPH HENRY AND GEOLOGY AT PRINCETON." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 232–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.2.232.
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ABSTRACT The first documented geology lectures at Princeton were given in 1825 by John Finch (circa 1790–circa 1835), an English visitor to the United States. In the 1830s, John Torrey (1796–1873) delivered a few geology and mineralogy lectures at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), but Joseph Henry (1797–1878), Professor of Natural Philosophy at the College of New Jersey from 1832 to 1848, introduced the first repeated geology course. In the 1830s, the College of New Jersey instituted a handful of short courses on topics outside of the regular curriculum. Geology was assigned to Henry, owing to his geological experience with Amos Eaton (1776–1842) along the recently opened Erie Canal. Henry taught geology for the first time in August 1841, repeated the course in 1843, 1846, and 1847, and probably also in 1844, 1845, 1850, and 1851. Henry typically focused on geophysical aspects of Earth, such as internal heat and Laplace's nebular hypothesis. He also discussed the geologic time scale from Primitive to Alluvium and Diluvium with descriptions of rock types and fossil content of each group. The final lecture was normally devoted to paleontology. Henry relied on Eaton and Edward Hitchcock (1793–1864) for much of his information and took advantage of published cross-sections to explain structural features. The content and timing of the various offerings is reconstructed from Henry's various lecture notes, dated correspondence, and three student notebooks. The impact of Henry's course on students, himself, and the Smithsonian Institution is evaluated.
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NAKAJIMA, HIDEO. "Applied geology and relation with society. Geology and applied geology." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 39, no. 1 (1998): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.39.22.
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Yu, Jiang Tao, Jin Liang Zhang, and Shuang Yan Chen. "Application of Three-Dimensional Fine Geological Modeling in Complex Fault-Block Reservoir with Low Permeability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.779.
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Three dimensional geologic modeling is a powerful tool for reservoir development stages of geological study, it can solves many traditional problems existing in geological research through the establishment of precise three dimensional geologic modeling and represents an important direction for the further development of oilfield geological research. Low permeability and thin interbed reservoir of complex fault block have the characteristics of severe heterogeneity, complex relations of oil-water distribution, poor development effect, it is necessary to built high precision three dimensional geologic modeling in the process of oilfield exploration and to fine reservoir description and prediction on this basis, finally reach the purpose of reduce the risk of development and improve the economic benefit. This paper makes geological modeling research and builds structural models sedimentary micro-facies models and phased property model for Zhuzhuang block of Jiangsu oilfield by utilizing three dimensional geologic modeling technique and petrel geology modeling software on the basis of integrated using of geology, logging, oil production test, production of dynamic information, thus it provide a solid basis for reservoir's development and adjustment.
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Barroso, Josué Alves, and Sérgio Cabral. "30 anos de geologia de engenharia na UFRJ: visões do passado e do futuro." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 20 (January 1, 1997): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1997_0_163-174.
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When the fifth specialized school of geologists was created in Brazil, in the Rio de Janeiro City (1958), the Engineering Geology was one of the earliest matters included as an applied discipline of undergraduate geology curriculum. Some years late it became the main subject to begin the Departamento de Geologia UFRJ posgraduation course. Nowadays, celebrating its thirtieth anniversary, an historical review is made to settle its importance to students with geotcchnical interests, its succss on professional improvement and the whole of its scientific production.
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Needle, Mattathias D., Juliet G. Crider, Jacky Mooc, and John F. Akers. "Virtual field experiences in a web-based video game environment: open-ended examples of existing and fictional field sites." Geoscience Communication 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-251-2022.
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Abstract. We present two original, video-game-style field geology experiences designed to allow flexible, open-ended exploration for geologic mapping and structural geology. One simulation features the Whaleback anticline, a site in central Pennsylvania (USA), with a three-dimensional exposure of a 30 m high fold, based on a terrain model that was acquired through structure-from-motion photogrammetry. The second example is a fictional location with simplified geology, which was built with digital modeling software and inspired by the geology of northwestern Washington. Users move through the terrain, as if in the field, selecting where to make observations of the geologic structure. Additionally, these virtual field experiences provide novel visualization opportunities through tools like a geodetic compass that instantly plots data to a stereonet and a jetpack simulation, which allows the user to interrogate geologic surfaces in hard-to-reach locations. We designed the virtual field experiences in a widely used video-game-creation software and published the field simulations for access via the internet and common web browsers so that no special hardware or software is required to play. We implemented these field simulations to partially replace field and lab exercises in two different courses offered remotely through the University of Washington Department of Earth and Space Sciences, with assignments that address many of the learning goals of traditional in-person exercises. Because the virtual field experiences are open-ended, other instructors can design different exercises to meet different learning goals. While this game environment currently serves as an enhancement to remote education, this format can also augment traditional educational experiences, overcoming several challenges to accessing the field or particular outcrops and, thereby, broadening opportunities for participation and scientific collaboration.
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Aalto, K. R. "Edwin James' and John Hinton's revisions of Maclure's geologic map of the United States." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 14, 2012): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-3-75-2012.
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Abstract. William Maclure's pioneering geologic map of the eastern United States, published first in 1809 with Observations on the Geology of the United States, provided a foundation for many later maps – a template from which geologists could extend their mapping westward from the Appalachians. Edwin James, botanist, geologist and surgeon for the 1819/1820 United States Army western exploring expedition under Major Stephen H. Long, published a full account of this expedition with map and geologic sections in 1822–1823. In this he extended Maclure's geology across the Mississippi Valley to the Colorado Rockies. John Howard Hinton (1791–1873) published his widely read text: The History and Topography of the United States in 1832, which included a compilations of Maclure's and James' work in a colored geologic map and vertical sections. All three men were to some degree confounded in their attempts to employ Wernerian rock classification in their mapping and interpretations of geologic history, a common problem in the early 19th Century prior to the demise of Neptunist theory and advent of biostratigraphic techniques of correlation. However, they provided a foundation for the later, more refined mapping and geologic interpretation of the eastern United States.
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Peake, R. T. "Radon and Geology in the United States." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24, no. 1-4 (August 1, 1988): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080265.
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Abstract Regional geology and indoor radon concentrations appear to be related in the US. Using data from probability based samples, indoor radon frequency distributions have been developed in areas with similar regional geology. These frequency distributions can be used to define relative radon potential in the US. The geologic factors which determine regional radon potential are: (1) Lithologic: Rock types with known or potentially high uranium concentrations have a high probability of generating elevated indoor radon levels. Lithologies with US DOE National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) equivalent uranium concentrations greater than 3 ppm may constitute high radon potential areas. (2) Soils: Soil permeability greatly influences radon potential. For Example, evidence suggests that high permeabilities (>0.01 cm.s-1) can cause elevated indoor radon levels even if radium concentrations are low.
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Monastersky, Richard. "Geology." Science News 136, no. 4 (July 22, 1989): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3974126.
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Robinson, Eric. "Geology." Archaeological Journal 154, sup1 (January 1997): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1997.11770970.
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Manspeizer, Warren. "Geology." Earth-Science Reviews 30, no. 3-4 (June 1991): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(91)90005-z.
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Lehné, Rouwen. "Geology & Informatics." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 162, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2011/0162-0351.
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Hoppe, Andreas. "Cities and geology." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 164, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2013/0046.
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Wührl, Engelbert. "Geology in School." Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 66 (May 28, 2010): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/sdgg/66/2010/102.
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BURKE, K. "Chinese Geology: The Geology of China." Science 234, no. 4783 (December 19, 1986): 1594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4783.1594.
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Arifin, Lukman, and Tommy Naibaho. "STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DI PERAIRAN PULAU BUTON SELATAN." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 13, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.13.3.2015.269.
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Penelitian geofisika dengan metode seismik pantul dangkal dilakukan di perairan Pulau Buton bagian selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi di bawah permukaan dasar laut. Dari data rekaman seismik diinterpretasikan bahwa stratigrafi seismik dibagi menjadi dua runtunan yaitu runtunan A dan B. Bila disebandingkan dengan geologi daratnya maka runtunan A termasuk dalam Formasi Wapulaka yang berumur Tersier dan runtunan B termasuk Formasi Sampolakosa yang berumur Kuater. Data rekaman tersebut juga menunjukkan adanya beberapa struktur geologi seperti sesar, lipatan, dan pengangkatan. Diduga struktur geologi tersebut berkembang dengan masih aktifnya proses tektonik hingga sekarang. Implikasi aktifnya tektonik ini dapat memperkaya dan meningkatkan potensi sumberdaya alam yang ada seperti migas dan aspal. Kata kunci seismik pantul dangkal, struktur geologi, tektonik, Perairan Pulau Buton. Geophysical research with shallow reflection seismic method carried out in the waters of the southern part of Buton Island. The aim of research is to determine the geological conditions under the sea floor. Data from seismic recordings interpreted that seismic stratigraphy is divided into two sequences, that are sequence A and B. Ifthe land geology to be compared then the sequence A is Wapulaka Formation which is Tertiary age and sequence B is Sampolakosa Formation which is Kuarter age. The recording data also indicated a number of geological structures such as faults, folds, and uplift. It was alleged that the geological structure is developing with tectonic processes are still active until now. The implications of the active tectonic can enrich and enhance the existing natural resources such as oil and gas, and bitumen. Keywords: shallow seismicreflection, geology structure, tectonic, Buton Island Waters.
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Bailey, Christopher McNeill. "An Integrative Geologic Mapping Project for Structural-Geology Courses." Journal of Geoscience Education 46, no. 3 (May 1998): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-46.3.245.
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Gross, W., and H. P. Schultze. "Zur Geschichte der Geowissenschaften im Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin. Teil 6: Geschichte des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts und Museums der Universität Berlin 1910–2004." Fossil Record 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-7-5-2004.
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Die Entwicklung des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts und Museums der Universität Berlin von einer Institution, die Geologie zusammen mit Paläontologie als eine Einheit vertrat, über eine Institution, die eine geotektonische Ausrichtung hatte, zu einer auf Paläontologie konzentrierten Institution wird nachvollzogen. Die beiden Institutsdirektoren am Anfang des 20sten Jahrhunderts waren Vertreter der allumfassenden Geologie des 19ten Jahrhunderts, während die beiden folgenden Direktoren eine Geologie ohne Paläontologie vertraten. Das führte zu einer Trennung der beiden Richtungen, und nach der III. Hochschulreform der DDR 1968 verblieb allein die sammlungsbezogene Paläontologie am Museum. Nach der Wiedervereinigung wurde ein Institut für Paläontologie mit biologischer Ausrichtung mit zwei Professuren, einer für Paläozoologie und einer für Paläobotanik, eingerichtet. <br><br> The development of the Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum of the Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt University (formerly Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität) in Berlin from a geology-paleontology institution to a pure paleontology institution is described. The first two directors of the department in the beginning of the 20th century, Prof, von Branca and Prof. Pompeckj, represented a 19th century concept of a geology, which included paleontology, even vertebrate paleontology as the crown jewel of geology. They fought sometimes vigorously against a separation of paleontology from geology. The next two directors. Prof. Stille and Prof, von Bubnoff, were the leading geologists in Germany; to be a student of Stille was a special trade mark in geology of Germany. They represented a geology centered on tectonics. The separation of paleontology as separate section was prepared. The destructions of the Second World War, the following restaurations and the division of Germany into two States influenced strongly their directorships. The education of geologists at the Museum für Naturkunde ended with the III. University Reform of the German Democratic Republik in 1968. Paleontology was represented by the international renown vertebrate paleontologist, Prof. Dr. W. Gross, up to 1961. Since 1969, paleobotany was strengthened by the inclusion of the paleobotany unit of the Akademie der Wissenschaften into the museum. After reunification of Germany n 1990, the department was rebuild as a Institut für Palaontologie with close connection to biology, a unique situation in Germany. Two professorships, one for paleozoology, Prof. Schultze. and one for paleobotany, Prof. Mai, were established. The number of curators increased to ten from one under the first director of the 20th century. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20040070103" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20040070103</a>