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1

Kear, B. P., J. A. Long, and J. E. Martin. "A review of Australian mosasaur occurrences." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 3 (September 2005): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021089.

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AbstractMosasaurs are rare in Australia with fragmentary specimens known only from the Cenomanian-lower Turonian Molecap Greensand (Perth Basin), Campanian - lower Maastrichtian Korojon Calcarenite (Carnarvon Basin), and upper Maastrichtian Miria Formation (Carnarvon Basin), Western Australia. These units were laid down during a near-continuous marine inundation of the western margin of the Australian landmass (which followed separation from India in the Valanginian and genesis of the Indian Ocean) in the Early-Late Cretaceous. The Australian mosasaur record incorporates evidence of derived mosasaurids (mainly plioplatecarpines); however, as yet no specimen can be conclusively diagnosed to genus or species level. The fragmentary nature of the remains provides little basis for direct palaeobiogeographic comparisons. However, correlation with existing data on associated vertebrates, macroinvertebrates and microfossils suggests that the Western Australian mosasaur fauna might have been transitional in nature (particularly following palaeobiogeographic separation of the northern and southern Indian Oceans during the mid-Campanian), potentially sharing elements with both northern Tethyan and austral high-latitude regions.
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2

Beardsmore, Graeme. "High-resolution Heat-Flow Measurements in the Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Exploration Geophysics 36, no. 2 (June 2005): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg05206.

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3

Percival, I. G., and P. M. Cooney. "PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE MERLINLEIGH SUB-BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84017.

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Esso's recent drilling program in the Merlinleigh Sub-basin, onshore Carnarvon Basin, represents the culmination of the first phase of concerted exploration activity in the area since the WAPET era of the 1960s. The region is unusual among Australian petroleum provinces in having excellent exposures of reservoir, source and seal rocks of Palaeozoic age. While both Esso wells (Burna 1 and Gascoyne 1) failed to encounter hydrocarbons in the primary Wooramel Group play, encouraging potential still exists. The reservoir in the Wooramel Group play is the Early Permian Moogooloo Sandstone, a fluviodeltaic to nearshore sheet-sand facies with porosities to 23 per cent and permeabilities in excess of 100 millidarcys. Likely hydrocarbon sources are siltstones in the overlying Byro Group, with total organic carbon contents averaging 3 per cent, and calcilutites in the subjacent Callytharra Formation with similar organic content. Locally, the Jimba Jimba Calcarenite Member (Billidee Formation) and the Cordalia Sandstone also provide rich source units. The least certain aspects of the Early Permian play are fault and top seal, and reservoir quality at depth. Notwithstanding the relatively shallow depths to source strata in the area, vitrinite reflectance analyses from drill cores indicate that maturation is attained as shallow as 900 m on the folded and faulted western margin of the sub-basin, and at an approximate depth of 1200 m in the depocentre beneath the Kennedy Range. This can be related to high regional heat flow, and to erosion of some 1500-2000 m of sediments prior to the regional Early Cretaceous transgression.Older plays which have been identified in the area remain to be adequately evaluated. Potential reservoir sands are present in the Silurian Tumblagooda Sandstone, the Middle and Late Devonian Nannyarra and Munabia Sandstones, and the Early Carboniferous Williambury Formation. Possible source rocks include carbonates of Middle Devonian and Early Carboniferous age. One of the objects of current research has been to locate areas where seal, provided by the glacigene Lyons Formation of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian age, is sufficiently thin to permit economic drilling.
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4

Lever, Helen. "Cyclic sedimentation in the shallow marine Upper Permian Kennedy Group, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Sedimentary Geology 172, no. 1-2 (November 2004): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.08.004.

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5

Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz, Trevor Stoneman, Greg Elliott, and Peter Sandercock. "Geoecological setting of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: geology, geomorphology and soils of selected sites." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.029-075.

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6

McHarg, Sam, Chris Elders, and Jane Cunneen. "Origin of basin-scale syn-extensional synclines on the southern margin of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Journal of the Geological Society 176, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-043.

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7

Shragge, Jeffrey, David Lumley, Julien Bourget, Toby Potter, Taka Miyoshi, Ben Witten, Jeremie Giraud, et al. "The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 2: Seismic validation." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): T793—T807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0218.1.

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Large-scale 3D modeling of realistic earth models is being increasingly undertaken in industry and academia. These models have proven useful for various activities such as geologic scenario testing through seismic finite-difference (FD) modeling, investigating new acquisition geometries, and validating novel seismic imaging, inversion, and interpretation methods. We have evaluated the results of the Western Australia (WA) Modeling (WAMo) project, involving the development of a large-scale 3D geomodel representative of geology of the Carnarvon Basin, located offshore of WA’s North West Shelf (NWS). Constrained by a variety of geologic, petrophysical, and field seismic data sets, the viscoelastic WAMo 3D geomodel was used in seismic FD modeling and imaging tests to “validate” model realizations. Calibrating the near-surface model proved to be challenging due to the limited amount of well data available for the top 500 m below the mudline. We addressed this issue by incorporating additional information (e.g., geotechnical data, analog studies) as well as by using soft constraints to match the overall character of nearby NWS seismic data with the modeled shot gathers. This process required undertaking several “linear” iterations to apply near-surface model conditioning, as well as “nonlinear” iterations to update the underlying petrophysical relationships. Overall, the resulting final WAMo 3D geomodel and accompanying modeled shot gathers and imaging results are able to reproduce the complex full-wavefield character of NWS marine seismic data. Thus, the WAMo model is well-calibrated for use in geologic and geophysical scenario testing to address common NWS seismic imaging, inversion, and interpretation challenges.
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8

Lever, Helen. "Climate Changes and Cyclic Sedimentation in the Mid-Late Permian: Kennedy Group, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Gondwana Research 7, no. 1 (January 2004): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70312-9.

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9

Thompson, Mark. "THE DEVELOPMENT GEOLOGY OF THE TUBRIDGI GAS FIELD." APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91005.

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The Tubridgi Gas Field is located in the south of the Barrow Sub-basin, onshore in the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The accumulation was discovered by Pan Pacific Petroleum NL in June 1981 with the drilling of the Tubridgi-1 well. Subsequent to Tubridgi-1, eight appraisal wells have been drilled, six of which were successful. The latest wells, Tubridgi-7 and-8, drilled in September 1990 by current operator Doral Resources NL, have enabled geological and petrophysical models for the field to be refined. These models were utilised for reserve determinations which were used to negotiate gas supply contracts and secure project financing to ensure the fields successful commercial development. Tubridgi gas is trapped within a broad, low relief, northeast-trending anticlinal closure. Reservoirs for the accumulation are the Middle to Upper Triassic Mungaroo Formation, Upper Cretaceous Flacourt Formation of the Barrow Group and Birdrong Sandstone of the Cretaceous Winning Group. All three units exhibit porosities averaging 29-30 per cent, with permeabilities of 3-16 D in the Mungaroo and Flacourt Formations and 157 mD in the Birdrong Sandstone. Vertical seal for the accumulation is the Muderong Shale of the Winning Group.The Tubridgi Gas Field is the first onshore Carnarvon Basin hydrocarbon accumulation to be commercially developed. Gas production into the Dampier-to-Bunbury Natural Gas Pipeline commenced on 26 September 1991 and within one month had reached contract volumes averaging 22 MMCFD (623 000 m3/d). Field life is anticipated to be ten years.
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10

LINDSTRÖM, SOFIE. "Palynofloral patterns of terrestrial ecosystem change during the end-Triassic event – a review." Geological Magazine 153, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 223–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000552.

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AbstractA review of the palynofloral succession at the well-documented Triassic–Jurassic boundary sites – Kuhjoch (Austria), St Audrie's Bay (UK), Stenlille (Denmark), Astartekløft (Greenland), Sverdrup Basin (Arctic Canada), Northern Carnarvon Basin (Western Australia), Southeast Queensland (eastern Australia) and New Zealand – show all sites experienced major to moderate re-organization of the terrestrial vegetation during the end-Triassic event. The changes led to subsequent taxonomic losses of between 17% and 73% of the Rhaetian pre-extinction palynoflora. The majority of the typical Rhaetian taxa that disappear are so far not known fromin situoccurrences in reproductive structures of macrofossil plant taxa. From an ecological perspective, the most dramatic changes occurred in the Sverdrup Basin, Stenlille, Kuhjoch and Carnarvon Basin, where the pre- and post-extinction palynofloras were fundamentally different in both composition and dominance. These changes correspond to ecological severity Category I of McGheeet al.(2004), while the remaining sites are placed in their Subcategory IIa because there the pre-extinction ecosystems are disrupted, but recover and are not replaced post-extinction. Increased total abundances of spores on both hemispheres during the extinction and recovery intervals may indicate that environmental and/or climatic conditions became less favourable for seed plants. Such conditions may include expected effects of volcanism in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, such as acid rain, terrestrial soil and freshwater acidification due to volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions, fluctuating ultraviolet flux due to ozone depletion caused by halogens and halocarbon compounds, and drastic changes in climatic conditions due to greenhouse gas emissions.
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11

van Ruth, Peter, Richard Hillis, and Peter Tingate. "The origin of overpressure in the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: implications for pore pressure prediction." Petroleum Geoscience 10, no. 3 (July 2004): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1354-079302-562.

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12

Long, A., P. Zhao, P. Gatley, D. Cooke, R. van Borselen, M. Schonewille, and R. Hegge. "MULTIPLE REMOVAL SUCCESS IN THE CARNARVON BASIN WITH SRME." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04031.

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In 2003, Santos Ltd revisited a poor data quality area in the northern Carnarvon Basin, offshore Western Australia, where both short and long period multiple energy prohibits imaging of the underlying geology. Previous reprocessing efforts had failed to satisfactorily improve data quality, or reduce the level of multiple contamination. A two-dimensional (2D) reprocessing project was initiated to establish whether any modern variant of Surface-Related Multiple Elimination (SRME) could have success. Consequently, several versions of SRME were tested, with all output diagnostics being imaged with anisotropic Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration (PSTM). The new SRME results are a significant improvement over previous reprocessing efforts, and provide a much better platform for the picking of anisotropic velocity functions, and the application of PSTM imaging. Most of the multiple energy in this location is actually surface-related, with only a small component of internal multiple reverberations. Both long and short period multiple energy was successfully removed, and interpretation can now be pursued with more confidence in a difficult data location. Many outof- the-plane events still appear to contaminate the final 2D result, so a full three-dimensional (3D) production project was then pursued using standard (2D) SRME processing applied to 3D data gathers.Despite many noise challenges existing within the 3D field data, the final data images shed new light on a challenging geological environment, and prove the merits of SRME processing. A new generation of 3D acquisition and processing technology is now required to improve upon existing results, so a brief consideration is also given to the potential applications of 3D SRME processing to 3D seismic data from the North West Shelf. A brief example from offshore Brazil is used to illustrate the potential benefits of 3D SRME.
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13

Scibiorski, Joe, Daniel Peyrot, Simon Lang, Tobias H. D. Payenberg, and Adam Charles. "Depositional settings and palynofacies assemblages of the Upper Triassic fluvio-deltaic Mungaroo Formation, northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.21.

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ABSTRACT Palynofacies analysis was carried out on 92 core samples from the fluvio-deltaic Middle to Upper Triassic Mungaroo Formation, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The analyses demonstrate that each depositional environment (“depofacies”) sampled has a characteristic palynofacies assemblage reflecting the varied origins, transport, sorting, and preservation histories of organic particles in sediments. The sampling covered a wide range of depofacies identified in fluvial channel, floodplain, crevasse splay, distributary channel, and tidal zone paleoenvironments and included laminated to massive mudstones and siltstones, cross-bedded sandstones, immature pedogenically altered paleosols, and coals. Although each depofacies has a characteristic palynofacies association, there is a high degree of variability within and overlap between preparations. Black-opaque particles were the dominant component in active fluvial, crevasse, and distributary channels. In contrast, palynomorphs, brown wood particles, and cuticle were more common in abandoned channels, floodplain lakes, and other lower-energy environments. The composition of palynomorphs also varies greatly between depofacies due to factors including the bioproductivity of the surrounding vegetation source area, water-table levels, preservation potential, and the fluid dynamic properties of organic particles. The depofacies were grouped into five “process regimes” (active channels, abandoned channels, lakes and periodically flooded areas, paleosols and swamps, tidal mudflats) based on their dominant depositional process. Depofacies in the same process regime tended to have similar palynofacies associations. Active channels yielded similar assemblages irrespective of whether they were fluvial, crevasse, or distributary channels because their dominant characteristic is high flow energy, which encourages the bypass of finer-grained particles, enhances the mechanical degradation of plant debris, and may inhibit local vegetation growth. Organic particles found in lower-energy environments (e.g., floodplain lakes) are on average larger, more elongate, and better preserved than particles found in high-energy environments (e.g., active channels). Although this study was restricted to samples from the upper Samaropollenites speciosus and lower Minutosaccus crenulatus biostratigraphic zones in a geographically limited area, its results are not influenced by the specific taxonomic composition of the vegetation but by the physiographic structure of surrounding plant communities; this suggests that palynofacies analysis could be used to distinguish depositional environments in deltaic settings from other stratigraphic intervals.
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14

Mcnamara, Kenneth, and Frances Dodds. "The Early History of Palaeontology in Western Australia: 1791-1899." Earth Sciences History 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.5.1.t85384660311h176.

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The exploration of the coast of Western Australia by English and French explorers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to the first recorded discoveries of fossiliferous rocks in Western Australia. The first forty years of exploration and discovery of fossil sites in the State was restricted entirely to the coast of the Continent. Following the establishment of permanent settlements in the 1820s the first of the inland fossil localities were located in the 1830s, north of Albany, and north of Perth. As new land was surveyed; particularly north of Perth, principally by the Gregory brothers in the 1840s and 1850s, Palaeozoic rocks were discovered in the Perth and Carnarvon Basins. F.T. Gregory in particular developed a keen interest in the geology of the State to such an extent that he was able, at a meeting of the Geological Society of London in 1861, to present not only a geological map of part of the State, but also a suite of fossils which showed the existence of Permian and Hesozoic strata. The entire history of nineteenth century palaeontology in Western Australia was one of discovery and collection of specimens. These were studied initially by overseas naturalists, but latterly, in the 1890s by Etheridge at The Australian Museum in Sydney. Sufficient specimens had been collected and described by the turn of the century that the basic outline of the Phanerozoic geology of the sedimentary basins was reasonably well known.
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El-Tabakh, Mohamed, Arthur Mory, B. Charlotte Schreiber, and Raza Yasin. "Anhydrite cements after dolomitization of shallow marine Silurian carbonates of the Gascoyne Platform, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Sedimentary Geology 164, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2003.09.003.

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16

Ghori, K. Ameed R., Arthur J. Mory, and Robert P. Iasky. "Modeling petroleum generation in the Paleozoic of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: Implications for prospectivity." AAPG Bulletin 89, no. 1 (January 2005): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/08150403134.

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17

Shragge, Jeffrey, Julien Bourget, David Lumley, Jeremie Giraud, Thomas Wilson, Afzal Iqbal, Mohammad Emami Niri, et al. "The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 1: Geomodel building." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): T773—T791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0217.1.

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A key goal in industry and academic seismic research is overcoming long-standing imaging, inversion, and interpretation challenges. One way to address these challenges is to develop a realistic 3D geomodel constrained by local-to-regional geologic, petrophysical, and seismic data. Such a geomodel can serve as a benchmark for numerical experiments that help users to better understand the key factors underlying — and devise novel solutions to — these exploration and development challenges. We have developed a two-part case study on the Western Australia (WA) Modeling (WAMo) project, which discusses the development and validation of a detailed large-scale geomodel of part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) located on WA’s North West Shelf. Based on the existing regional geologic, petrophysical, and 3D seismic data, we (1) develop the 3D geomodel’s tectonostratigraphic surfaces, (2) populate the intervening volumes with representative geologic facies, lithologies, and layering as well as complex modular 3D geobodies, and (3) generate petrophysical realizations that are well-matched to borehole observations point-wise and in terms of vertical and lateral trends. The resulting 3D WAMo geomodel is geologically and petrophysically realistic, representative of short- and long-wavefield features commonly observed in the NCB, and leads to an upscaled viscoelastic model well-suited for high-resolution 3D seismic modeling studies. In the companion paper, we study WAMo seismic modeling results that demonstrate the quality of the WAMo geomodel for generating shot gathers and migration images that are highly realistic and directly comparable with those observed in NCB field data.
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18

Contreras, Arturo, Andre Gerhardt, Paul Spaans, and Matthew Docherty. "Characterization of fluvio-deltaic gas reservoirs through AVA deterministic, stochastic, and wave-equation-based seismic inversion: A case study from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Leading Edge 39, no. 2 (February 2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39020092.1.

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Multiple state-of-the-art inversion methods have been implemented to integrate 3D seismic amplitude data, well logs, geologic information, and spatial variability to produce models of the subsurface. Amplitude variation with angle (AVA) deterministic, stochastic, and wave-equation-based amplitude variation with offset (WEB-AVO) inversion algorithms are used to describe Intra-Triassic Mungaroo gas reservoirs located in the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The interpretation of inverted elastic properties in terms of lithology- and fluid-sensitive attributes from AVA deterministic inversion provides quantitative information about the geomorphology of fluvio-deltaic sediments as well as the delineation of gas reservoirs. AVA stochastic inversion delivers higher resolution realizations than those obtained from standard deterministic methods and allows for uncertainty analysis. Additionally, the cosimulation of petrophysical parameters from elastic properties provides precise 3D models of reservoir properties, such as volume of shale and water saturation, which can be used as part of the static model building process. Internal multiple scattering, transmission effects, and mode conversion (considered as noise in conventional linear inversion) become useful signals in WEB-AVO inversion. WEB-AVO compressibility shows increased sensitivity to residual/live gas discrimination compared to fluid-sensitive attributes obtained with conventional inversions.
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19

Pryer, L. L., K. K. Romine, T. S. Loutit, and R. G. Barnes. "CARNARVON BASIN ARCHITECTURE AND STRUCTURE DEFINED BY THE INTEGRATION OF MINERAL AND PETROLEUM EXPLORATION TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES." APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01016.

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The Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins of the Northern Carnarvon Basin developed by repeated reactivation of long-lived basement structures during Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonism. Inherited basement fabric specific to the terranes and mobile belts in the region comprise northwest, northeast, and north–south-trending Archaean and Proterozoic structures. Reactivation of these structures controlled the shape of the sub-basin depocentres and basement topography, and determined the orientation and style of structures in the sediments.The Lewis Trough is localised over a reactivated NEtrending former strike-slip zone, the North West Shelf (NWS) Megashear. The inboard Dampier Sub-basin reflects the influence of the fabric of the underlying Pilbara Craton. Proterozoic mobile belts underlie the Barrow Sub-basin where basement fabric is dominated by two structural trends, NE-trending Megashear structures offset sinistrally by NS-trending Pinjarra structures.The present-day geometry and basement topography of the basins is the result of accumulated deformation produced by three main tectonic phases. Regional NESW extension in the Devonian produced sinistral strikeslip on NE-trending Megashear structures. Large Devonian-Carboniferous pull-apart basins were introduced in the Barrow Sub-basin where Megashear structures stepped to the left and are responsible for the major structural differences between the Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins. Northwest extension in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian marks the main extensional phase with extreme crustal attenuation. The majority of the Northern Carnarvon basin sediments were deposited during this extensional basin phase and the subsequent Triassic sag phase. Jurassic extension reactivated Permian faults during renewed NW extension. A change in extension direction occurred prior to Cretaceous sea floor spreading, manifest in basement block rotation concentrated in the Tithonian. This event changed the shape and size of basin compartments and altered fluid migration pathways.The currently mapped structural trends, compartment size and shape of the Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins of the Northern Carnarvon Basin reflect the “character” of the basement beneath and surrounding each of the subbasins.Basement character is defined by the composition, lithology, structure, grain, fabric, rheology and regolith of each basement terrane beneath or surrounding the target basins. Basement character can be discriminated and mapped with mineral exploration methods that use non-seismic data such as gravity, magnetics and bathymetry, and then calibrated with available seismic and well datasets. A range of remote sensing and geophysical datasets were systematically calibrated, integrated and interpreted starting at a scale of about 1:1.5 million (covering much of Western Australia) and progressing to scales of about 1:250,000 in the sub-basins. The interpretation produced a new view of the basement geology of the region and its influence on basin architecture and fill history. The bottom-up or basement-first interpretation process complements the more traditional top-down seismic and well-driven exploration methods, providing a consistent map-based regional structural model that constrains structural interpretation of seismic data.The combination of non-seismic and seismic data provides a powerful tool for mapping basement architecture (SEEBASE™: Structurally Enhanced view of Economic Basement); basement-involved faults (trap type and size); intra-sedimentary geology (igneous bodies, basement-detached faults, basin floor fans); primary fluid focussing and migration pathways and paleo-river drainage patterns, sediment composition and lithology.
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20

Ghori, K. Ameed R. "Petroleum source rocks of Western Australia." APPEA Journal 58, no. 1 (2018): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17051.

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Petroleum geochemical analysis of samples from the Canning, Carnarvon, Officer and Perth basins identified several formations with source potential, the: • Triassic Locker Shale and Jurassic Dingo Claystone of the Northern Carnarvon Basin; • Permian Irwin River Coal Measures and Carynginia Formation, Triassic Kockatea Shale and Jurassic Cattamarra Coal Measures of the Perth Basin; • Ordovician Goldwyer and Bongabinni formations, Devonian Gogo Formation and Lower Carboniferous Laurel Formation of the Canning Basin; • Devonian Gneudna Formation of the Gascoyne Platform and the Lower Permian Wooramel and Byro groups of the Merlinleigh Sub-basin of the Southern Carnarvon Basin; and • Neoproterozoic Brown, Hussar, Kanpa and Steptoe formations of the Officer Basin. Burial history and geothermal basin modelling was undertaken using input parameters from geochemical analyses of rock samples, produced oil, organic petrology, apatite fission track analysis (AFTA), heat flows, subsurface temperatures and other exploration data compiled by the Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA). Of these basins, the Canning, Carnarvon, and Perth basins are currently producing oil and gas, whereas the Southern Carnarvon and Officer basins have no commercial petroleum discovery yet, but they do have source, reservoir, seal and petroleum shows indicating the presence of petroleum systems. The Carnarvon Basin contains the richest identified petroleum source rocks, followed by the Perth and Canning basins. Production in the Carnarvon Basin is predominantly gas and oil, the Perth Basin is gas-condensate and the Canning Basin is oil dominated, demonstrating the variations in source rock type and maturity across the state. GSWA is continuously adding new data to assess petroleum systems and prospectivity of these and other basins in Western Australia.
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Carr, Lidena, Russell Korsch, Arthur Mory, Roger Hocking, Sarah Marshall, Ross Costelloe, Josef Holzschuh, and Jenny Maher. "Structural and stratigraphic architecture of Australia's frontier onshore sedimentary basins: the Western Officer and Southern Carnarvon basins, Western Australia." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11084.

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During the past five years, the Onshore Energy Security Program, funded by the Australian Government and conducted by Geoscience Australia, in conjunction with state and territory geological surveys, has acquired deep seismic reflection data across several frontier sedimentary basins to stimulate petroleum exploration in onshore Australia. This extended abstract presents data from two seismic lines collected in Western Australia in 2011. The 487 km long Yilgarn-Officer-Musgrave (YOM) seismic line crossed the western Officer Basin in Western Australia, and the 259 km long, Southern Carnarvon Seismic line crossed the Byro Sub-basin of the Southern Carnarvon Basin. The YOM survey imaged the Neoproterozoic to Devonian western Officer Basin, one of Australia's underexplored sedimentary basins with hydrocarbon potential. The survey data will also provide geoscientific knowledge on the architecture of Australia's crust and the relationship between the eastern Yilgarn Craton and the Musgrave Province. The Southern Carnarvon survey imaged the onshore section of the Ordovician to Permian Carnarvon Basin, which offshore is one of Australia's premier petroleum-producing provinces. The Byro Sub-basin is an underexplored depocentre with the potential for both hydrocarbon and geothermal energy. Where the seismic traverse crossed the Byro Sub-basin it imaged two relatively thick half graben, on west dipping bounding faults. Structural and sequence stratigraphic interpretations of the two seismic lines are presented in this extended abstract.
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22

McKenzie, N. L., J. K. Rolfe, K. P. Aplin, M. A. Cowan, and L. A. Smith. "Herpetofauna of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.335-360.

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23

McKenzie, N. L., and W. P. Muir. "Bats of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.465-477.

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R. Ghori, K. Ameed. "Emerging unconventional shale plays in Western Australia." APPEA Journal 53, no. 1 (2013): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12027.

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Production of shale gas in the US has changed its position from a gas importer to a potential gas exporter. This has stimulated exploration for shale-gas resources in WA. The search started with Woodada Deep–1 (2010) and Arrowsmith–2 (2011) in the Perth Basin to evaluate the shale-gas potential of the Permian Carynginia Formation and the Triassic Kockatea Shale, and Nicolay–1 (2011) in the Canning Basin to evaluate the shale-gas potential of the Ordovician Goldwyer Formation. Estimated total shale-gas potential for these formations is about 288 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). Other petroleum source rocks include the Devonian Gogo and Lower Carboniferous Laurel formations of the Canning Basin, the Lower Permian Wooramel and Byro groups of the onshore Carnarvon Basin, and the Neoproterozoic shales of the Officer Basin. The Canning and Perth basins are producing petroleum, whereas the onshore Carnarvon and Officer basins are not producing, but they have indications for petroleum source rocks, generation, and migration from geochemistry data. Exploration is at a very early stage, and more work is needed to estimate the shale-gas potential of all source rocks and to verify estimated resources. Exploration for shale gas in WA will benefit from new drilling and production techniques and technologies developed during the past 15 years in the US, where more than 102,000 successful gas production wells have been drilled. WA shale-gas plays are stratigraphically and geochemically comparable to producing plays in the Upper Ordovician Utica Shale, Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale and Upper Devonian Bakken Formation, Upper Mississippian Barnett Shale, Upper Jurassic Haynesville-Bossier formations, and Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale of the US. WA is vastly under-explored and emerging self-sourcing shale plays have revived onshore exploration in the Canning, Carnarvon, and Perth basins.
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25

Ghori, K. Ameed. "Petroleum data: leading the search for geothermal resources in Western Australia." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08022.

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In Western Australian basins, subsurface drill-hole data, primarily from petroleum exploration, allows the identification of regions of high temperature at depth that may be potential geothermal resources. The extent and economic viability of such resources remain poorly known and require further study. Observed temperatures at depths up to 4.5 km reach 150°C in parts of the Canning, Carnarvon and Perth basins, indicating low-enthalpy resources related to regional heat flow. The greatest potential for hydrothermal resources is in the Perth Basin where subsurface temperatures of 65–85°C are reached at 2–3.5 km depth. Heat-flow modelling of 170 Perth Basin wells shows a range of 30–140 mW/m2, with the highest surface heat-flow values in the northern part of the basin. The median value of 76.5 mW/m2 for this basin exceeds the average reported for the Australian continent—64.5 mW/m2. Potential hot rocks resources are present in parts of the Canning, Carnarvon and Perth basins where the depth to 200°C is less than 5 km. Knowledge of high subhorizontal stress conditions that can enhance geothermal water flow from engineered reservoirs are based on data mostly from petroleum wells in the Perth Basin. A systematic quantitative assessment of geological, hydrogeological, geophysical, stress orientation and geochemical conditions is required to further delineate and prove these resources. Progressive compilation, validation and interpretation of subsurface data from more than 800 wells is underway, and includes temperature logs of 47 shallow water bores and 30 new thermal conductivity measurements of Perth Basin wells. Data compilation from 580 wells in the Canning, Carnarvon and Perth basins is complete. To date the greatest number of wells indicating high geothermal gradients and temperatures are in the Carnarvon Basin.
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26

Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz, Joseph Courtney, and Peter Sandercock. "The climatic environment of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.013-027.

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27

York Main, Barbara, Alison Sampey, and Paul J. Smith. "Mygalomorph spiders of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.281-293.

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28

Craig, Robert S. "The Cenozoic Brachiopods of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Palaeontology 43, no. 1 (April 2000): 111–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00121.

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29

Henderson, Robert A., W. James Kennedy, and Kenneth J. McNamara. "Maastrichtian heteromorph ammonites from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 16, no. 2 (January 1992): 133–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519208619037.

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30

Baillie, P. W., and E. Jacobson. "STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE CARNARVON TERRACE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94020.

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The under-explored Carnarvon Terrace is situated offshore of the Cape Range area in the Carnarvon Basin near the boundary of the Gascoyne and Exmouth Sub-basins. The stratigraphy of the area is controlled by only two wells (Pendock-1, Yardie East-1), but several onshore wells aid interpretation of seismic data.Understanding of the structural evolution of the region is facilitated by interpretation of a high-resolution non-exclusive seismic survey acquired by Geco-Prakla in 1993 (GPCTR-93 Survey).Three major tectonic stages are responsible for the structural configuration of the region:Late Palaeozoic extension in the Gascoyne Sub-basin;continental break-up between Australia and Greater India which took place along a major fracture marked by the Flinders-Long Island-Learmonth fault system active in Late Triassic and Early Jurassic times; andthe collision between Australia and Asia that commenced in Miocene times and is continuing to the present day. This event, marked by wrench and compressional structures, and often reactivation of older structures, is one of the most economically important in Australian geological history.From a regional prospectivity viewpoint at least three plays are worthy of further investigation.
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31

Glenister, Brian F., Cathy Baker, W. M. Furnish, and G. A. Thomas. "Additional Early Permian ammonoid cephalopods from Western Australia." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 3 (May 1990): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018618.

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An ancestral paragastrioceratid, Svetlanoceras irwinense (Teichert and Glenister, 1952), and a specifically indeterminate gonioloboceratid, cf. Mescalites sp., from the basal Callytharra Formation are described as the oldest ammonoids recovered from the Permian of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Identity of these taxa strengthens correlation with the Holmwood Shale (Sakmarian) of the adjacent Perth Basin. Svetlanoceras moylei Mikesh, n. sp., from the Lenox Hills Formation of West Texas, is described for comparison with other simple paragastrioceratids.
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32

Jenkins, C. C., D. M. Maughan, J. H. Acton, A. Duckett, B. E. Korn, and R. P. Teakle. "THE JANSZ GAS FIELD, CARNARVON BASIN, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02016.

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The Jansz gas field is located in permit WA-268-P, 70 km northwest of the Gorgon gas field in the Carnarvon Basin. The Jansz–1 discovery well was drilled in April 2000 and intersected 29 m of net gas pay in an Oxfordian age shallow marine sandstone reservoir. The well drilled a stratigraphic trap on the western limb of the Kangaroo Syncline.The Io–1 well was drilled in January 2001 in the adjacent permit WA-267-P (18 km from Jansz–1) and intersected the same Oxfordian sandstone reservoir penetrated by Jansz–1, with a total of 44 m of net gas pay. The Tithonian and the Upper Triassic Brigadier Sandstone gas reservoirs at Geryon–1 (1999) and Callirhoe–1 (2001) in WA-267-P are in pressure communication with the Oxfordian gas reservoir at Jansz–1 and Io–1. Consequently, the three different age reservoirs comprise a single gas pool, with a common gas/water contact.The Jansz gas field has been delineated by four wells and 2D seismic. The gas sandstones have a prominent amplitude versus offset response, which defines the field limits. The Jansz gas field is confirmed by drilling to be an areally extensive (2,000 km2) gas accumulation with a gross column height of 400 m and an estimated 20 TCF (566 G.m3) recoverable sales gas, which represents 40% of the discovered gas resources in the deepwater Carnarvon Basin. The size of the Jansz gas field and its remoteness from existing pipeline gas markets suggests that an export LNG project will be the basis for its development.
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33

Darragh, Thomas A., and George W. Kendrick. "Eocene molluscs from the Merlinleigh Sandstone, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum 26, no. 1 (2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.26(1).2010.023-041.

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34

Keighery, G. J., N. Gibson, M. N. Lyons, and Allan H. Burbidge. "Flora and vegetation of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.077-154.

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35

McKenzie, N. L., Nich Hall, and W. P. Muir. "Non-volant mammals of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.479-510.

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36

Burrow, Carole J., Susan Turner, Kate Trinajstic, and Gavin C. Young. "Late Silurian vertebrate microfossils from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 43, no. 2 (February 27, 2019): 204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2019.1566496.

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37

Mantle, Daniel J., James B. Riding, and Carey Hannaford. "Late Triassic dinoflagellate cysts from the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 281 (October 2020): 104254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104254.

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38

Whitney, Beau B., and James V. Hengesh. "Geomorphological evidence of neotectonic deformation in the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Geomorphology 228 (January 2015): 579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.020.

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39

Smith, G. T., and N. L. McKenzie. "Biogeography of scorpion communities in the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.269-279.

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40

Harvey, Mark S., Alison Sampey, Paul J. Smith, and Julianne M. Waldock. "The Chilopoda and Diplopoda of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 60, no. 1 (2000): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.323-333.

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41

Marsh, Tony, and Anne Powell. "Regional Stratal Slice Imaging of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22020586.2019.12073062.

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42

Kaiko, A. R., and A. M. Tait. "POST-RIFT TECTONIC SUBSIDENCE AND PALAEO-WATER DEPTHS IN THE NORTHERN CARNARVON BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00017.

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The subsidence history of the Northern Carnarvon Basin has been dominated by simple thermal sag following the creation of the Exmouth, Barrow and Dampier Sub-basins by Early to Middle Jurassic rifting. This conclusion follows from the recognition of vitrinite reflectance suppression, which removes the need for recent heating events, and from the use of seismic stratigraphy, rather than only palynology and micro-palaeontology, to determine palaeo-water depths.The simple thermal-sag model, related to Jurassic rifting, accounts for the post-rift sedimentary architecture of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, especially in areas of sediment starvation. It also has implications for the timing of hydrocarbon generation and the reconstruction of migration pathways. This work has re-emphasised the theoretical possibility of determining palaeo-water depths by adjusting one-dimensional basin models to fit simple thermal sag tectonic subsidence curves.Miocene uplift, in the order of several hundred metres, has caused local basin inversion, accentuated some preexisting structures and re-activated some faults causing hydrocarbon remigration, but has otherwise not affected the thermal history of the sediments.
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43

Ladbrook, Megan, Eddie J. B. van Etten, and William D. Stock. "Contemporary Fire Regimes of the Arid Carnarvon Basin Region of Western Australia." Fire 1, no. 3 (December 14, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire1030051.

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This study investigates the fire regime for the arid Carnarvon Basin region of Western Australia using remotely sensed imagery. A fire history database was constructed from satellite images to characterise the general fire regime and determine any effect of vegetation types and pre-fire weather and climate. The study area was divided into two sections (northern and southern) due to their inherently different vegetation and climate. A total of 23.8% (15,646 km2) of the study area was burnt during the 39-year study period. Heathland vegetation (54%) burnt the most extensively in the southern study area, and hummock grasslands (68%) in the northern. A single, unusually large fire in 2012 followed exceptional rains in the previous 12 months and accounted for 55% of the total burnt area. This fire burnt mainly through Acacia shrublands and woodlands rather than hummock grasslands, as normally experienced in the northern study area. Antecedent rainfall and fire weather were found to be the main meteorological factors driving fire size. Both study areas showed a moderate to strong correlation between fire size and increased pre-fire rainfall in the year preceding the fire. Predicted future changes in climate may lead to more frequent and higher intensity fires.
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44

Korn, B. E., R. P. Teakle, D. M. Maughan, and P. B. Siffleet. "THE GERYON, ORTHRUS, MAENAD AND URANIA GAS FIELDS, CARNARVON BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02015.

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The Geryon, Orthrus, Maenad and Urania Gas Fields are located in permit WA-267-P in approximately 1,200 m of water, and between 35 km northwest and 70 km north of the Gorgon Gas Field in the offshore Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia. Five wells were drilled in these fields between August 1999 and February 2001 as part of a six-well, three-year obligatory drilling program. The primary objectives were late Triassic sandstones of the upper Mungaroo Formation. The Geryon and Urania Fields are three-way footwall structures, while the Orthrus and Maenad Fields comprise four-way horst structures where progressively older units subcrop against the Callovian Unconformity. All objective reservoirs were amplitude associated and had strong AVO signatures, which was instrumental in the high exploration success rate and excellent exploration prediction of OGIP from seismic data.This paper will briefly discuss the description of late Triassic and early Jurassic reservoirs and the transition of the AA sand of the Mungaroo Formation from fluvial to marginal marine facies in the Greater Gorgon Area, the recent drilling results of the Triassic Prospects in WA-267-P, and the geophysical attributes of the AA sand Mungaroo Formation reservoirs.The WA-267-P Triassic Gas Fields are estimated to contain approximately 210 billion m3 (7.4 TCF) recoverable sales gas. The close proximity of these Triassic gas fields to each other, the clean gas composition and size of resource base suggests these fields are excellent candidates for a future gas development in Western Australia.
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45

Mory, Arthur J., Robert P. Iasky, Andrew Y. Glikson, and Franco Pirajno. "Woodleigh, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: a new 120 km diameter impact structure." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 177, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2000): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00031-5.

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46

Siverson, Mikael. "Sharks from the mid-Cretaceous Gearle Siltstone, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17, no. 3 (September 4, 1997): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1997.10010995.

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47

Warris, B. J. "THE HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE PALAEOZOIC BASINS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 33, no. 1 (1993): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj92010.

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There are four main Palaeozoic Basins in Western Australia; the Perth Basin (Permian only), the Carnarvon Basin (Ordovician-Permian), the Canning Basin (Ordovician-Permian) and the Bonaparte Basin (Cambrian-Permian).The Perth Basin is a proven petroleum province with commercially producing gas reserves from Permian strata in the Dongara, Woodada and Beharra Springs gas fields.The Palaeozoic of the Carnarvon Basin occurs in three main sub-basins, the Ashburton, Merlinleigh and Gascoyne Sub-basins. No commercial petroleum discoveries ahve been made in these basins.The Canning Basin can be divided into the southern Ordovician-Devonian province of the Willara and Kidson sub-basins and Wallal Embayment and Anketell Shelf, and the northern Devonian-Permian province of the Fitzroy and Gregory sub-basins. Commercial production from the Permo-Carboniferous Sundown, Lloyd, West Terrace, Boundary oilfields and from the Devonian Blina oilfield is present only in the Fitzroy sub-basins.The Bonaparte Basin contains Palaeozoic strata of Cambrian-Permian age but only the Devonian-Permian is considered prospective. Significant but currently non-producing gas discoveries have been made in the Permian of the Petrel and Tern offshore gas fields.Based on the current limited well control, the Palaeozoic basins of Western Australia contain excellent marine and non marine clastic reservoirs together with potential Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous reefs. The dominantly marine nature of the Palaeozoic provides thick marine shale seals for these reservoirs. Source rock data is very sparse but indicates excellent gas prone source rocks in the Early Permian and excellent—good oil prone source rocks in the Early Ordovician, Late Devonian, Early Carboniferous and Late Permian.Many large structures are present in these Palaeozoic basins. However, most of the existing wells were drilled either off structure due to insufficient and poor quality seismic or on structures formed during the Mesozoic which postdated primary hydrocarbon migration from the Palaeozoic source rocks.With modern seismic acquisition and processing techniques together with a better understanding of the stratigraphy, structural development and hydrocarbon migration, the Palaeozoic basins of Western Australia provide the explorer with a variety of high risk, high potential plays without the intense bidding competition currently present along the North West Shelf of Australia.
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48

Baillie, P. W., and E. P. Jacobson. "PROSPECTIVITY AND EXPLORATION HISTORY OF THE BARROW SUB-BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96007.

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The Carnarvon Basin is Australia's leading producer of both liquid hydrocarbons and gas. Most oil production to date has come from the Barrow Sub-basin. The success of the Sub-basin is due to a fortuitous combination of good Mesozoic source rocks which have been generating over a long period of time, Lower Cretaceous reservoir rocks with excellent porosity and permeability, and a thick and effective regional seal.A feature of Barrow Sub-basin fields is that they generally produce far more petroleum than is initially estimated and booked, a result of the excellent reservoir quality of the principal producing reservoirs.Structural traps immediately below the regional seal (the 'top Barrow play') have been the most successful play to date. Analysis of 'new' and 'old' play concepts show that the Sub-basin has potential for significant additional hydrocarbon reserves.
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49

Ortiz-Sanguino, Laura, Javier Tellez, Heather Bedle, and Dilan Martinez-Sanchez. "Seismic characterization of a blocky mass-transport deposit in the Trealla Limestone Formation, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): SR53—SR58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0049.1.

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The deepwater Cenozoic strata in the North Carnarvon Basin, Australia, represent an interval of interest for stratigraphic studies in passive margins settings of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate environments. We have explored the geomorphological characteristics of a mass-transport deposit (MTD) within the Trealla Limestone Formation to describe in detail the differences among the blocks. To characterize the individual geometry and structural configuration of the blocks within the MTD, we used geometric seismic attributes such as coherence, curvature, dip azimuth, and dip magnitude using horizon slices and vertical profiles. The evaluation finds two types of blocks: remnant and glide (or rafted) blocks. Remnant blocks are in situ and stratigraphically continuous fragments with the underlying strata. This type of block is frequently fault-bounded and displays low deformation evidence. Glide blocks are part of the transported material detached from a paleoslope. These blocks are deformed and occasionally appear as “floating” fragments embedded within a chaotic matrix in the MTD. Glide blocks are used as kinematic indicators of the direction of deposition of MTDs. We evaluate these elements in a modern continental analog that resembles a similar setting for a better understanding of the slide occurrence. Geological feature: Glide blocks, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia Seismic appearance: Discrete angular blocks with internal reflectors Alternative interpretations: Differential dissolution in a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate environment Features with a similar appearance: Carbonate buildups, differential dissolution blocks Formation: Trealla Limestone Formation, North Carnarvon Basin Age: Early-Middle Miocene Location: Offshore Northwest Australia, North Carnarvon Basin Seismic data: Obtained from Western Australian Petroleum and Geothermal Information Management System, Draeck 3D seismic data set Analysis tools: Visualization software (Petrel 2019) and attribute performance software (AASPI 6.0)
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50

Darragh, Thomas A., and George W. Kendrick. "Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum 24, no. 3 (2008): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.24(3).2008.217-246.

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