Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geology, Structural New Zealand

Academic literature on the topic 'Geology, Structural New Zealand'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Geology, Structural New Zealand"

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King, P. R., and P. H. Robinson. "An Overview of Taranaki Region Geology, New Zealand." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, no. 3 (June 1988): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600304.

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Recent revisions to the paleontologic dating and lithologic correlation of the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments in many wells have improved the chronostratigraphic framework for the Taranaki Basin. When combined with detailed seismic mapping and results of a study of basement trends, refinements to the timing of major structural and sedimentary events in the basin's history can be made. A resultant series of paleogeographic maps is presented. The Taranaki Basin has developed primarily within an extensional tectonic regime, with a compressional overprint occurring variously in places from early Miocene to Pliocene. An overall transgressive sedimentary cycle existed from the late Cretaceous to early Miocene. Thereafter a generally regressive trend has continued to the present day. Subsidence patterns were broadly similar across the basin until the late Miocene, whereupon tectonic controls on basin morphology and sedimentation became more diverse.
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Rattenbury, Mark S. "Structural geology of Torlesse rocks, Otaki Forks, Tararua Range, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 29, no. 1 (January 1986): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1986.10427520.

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St George, J. D. "Structural effects on the strength of New Zealand coal." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 34, no. 3-4 (April 1997): 299.e1–299.e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(97)00184-6.

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Russell, Alistair P., and Jason M. Ingham. "Prevalence of New Zealand’s unreinforced masonry buildings." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.43.3.182-201.

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Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings remain New Zealand's most earthquake prone class of building. New Zealand URM buildings are classified into typologies, based on their general structural configuration. Seven typologies are presented, and their relative prevalence, age and locations are identified. There are estimated to be 3,750 URM buildings in existence in New Zealand, with 1,300 (35%) being estimated to be potentially earthquake prone and 2010 (52%) to be potentially earthquake risk, using the NZSEE Initial Evaluation Procedure. Trends in the age of these buildings show that construction activity increased from the early days of European settlement and reached a peak at about 1930, before subsequently declining sharply. The preponderance of the existing URM building stock was constructed prior to 1940, and as such, almost all URM buildings in New Zealand are between 80 and 130 years old (in 2010). Overall the URM building stock has a 2010 market value of approximately $NZ1.5 billion, and constitutes approximately 8% of the total building stock in terms of floor area. Details are also provided regarding the development of New Zealand building codes and the associated provisions for assessing existing earthquake risk buildings, and provides some background to the history of the URM building stock in New Zealand.
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Smith, Warwick D. "New Zealand earthquakes in 1989." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 23, no. 2 (June 30, 1990): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.23.2.97-101.

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During 1989 the Seismological Observatory recorded and analysed 9892 earthquakes in the New Zealand region. Preliminary locations and magnitudes are now available for all these events. This is about five times the number usually analysed in previous years, thanks to the new digital recording equipment which is being installed throughout the country. No earthquakes reached magnitude 6 during the year, although one of magnitude 5.9 in Fiordland was close to that figure. This caused intensity MM VI throughout Fiordland, and lower intensities elsewhere in the southern half of the South Island. Earthquakes of magnitude 5 and greater are listed: they indicate an ongoing level of activity commensurate with New Zealand's seismic history and geographic location.
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CRAW, D., M. S. RATTENBURY, and R. D. JOHNSTONE. "Structural geology and vein mineralisation in the Callery River headwaters, Southern Alps, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 30, no. 3 (August 1987): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1987.10552622.

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Editor. "Significant New Zealand earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 4 (December 31, 1997): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.30.4.371-372.

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Editor. "Significant New Zealand earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.31.1.69-70.

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Editor. "Significant New Zealand earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 3 (September 30, 1998): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.31.3.213.

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Editor. "Significant New Zealand earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 4 (December 31, 1998): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.31.4.298.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geology, Structural New Zealand"

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Blatchford, Hannah Jane. "The Structural Evolution Of A Portion Of The Median Batholith And Its Host Rock In Central Fiordland, New Zealand: Examples Of Partitioned Transpression And Structural Reactivation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/635.

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This thesis presents the results of structural analyses and detailed field mapping from a region near Adams Burn in central Fiordland, New Zealand. The region preserves assemblages of metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks deposited, intruded, and ultimately metamorphosed and deformed during the growth of a Gondwana-margin continental arc from Cambrian-Early Cretaceous. Evidence of arc growth is preserved in the Late Devonian-Early Cretaceous Median Batholith, a belt of intrusive rock whose growth culminated with the emplacement of the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO) into the middle-lower crust of the margin. Following this magmatic flare-up, the margin experienced Late Cretaceous extensional orogenic collapse and rifting. During the Late Tertiary, the margin records oblique convergence that preceded the Alpine fault. The history of arc growth and record of changing tectonic and deformational regimes makes the area ideal for study of structural reactivation during multiple cycles of magmatism, metamorphism and deformation, including during a mid-lower crust magma flare-up. Structural and lithologic mapping, structural analyses, and cross-cutting relationships between superposed structures and three intrusions were used to bracket the relative timing of four tectonic events (D1-D4), spanning the Paleozoic to the Tertiary. The oldest event (D1) created a composite fabric in the metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of the Irene Complex and Jaquiery granitoid gneiss prior to emplacement of the Carboniferous Cozette pluton. S1 foliation development, set the stage for structural reactivation during the second phase of deformation (D2), where S1 was folded and reactivated via intra-arc shearing. These second-phase structures were coeval with the emplacement of the Misty pluton, (part of WFO in central Fiordland), and record crustal thickening and deformation involving a kinematically partitioned style of transpression. Arc-normal displacements were localized into the rocks of the Irene Complex. Oblique displacements were localized along the Misty-Cozette plutonic contact, forming a ≥1 km-wide, upper amphibolite-facies gneissic shear zone that records sinistral-reverse offset. Second-phase structures are cross-cut by widespread leucocratic pegmatite dikes. S2 in the Cozette and Misty plutons is reactivated by localized, ≤10 m-thick, greenschist-facies (ultra)mylonitic shear zones that record sinistral-normal offsets. S3/L3 shear zones and lithologic contacts were then reactivated by two episodes of Tertiary, fourth-phase faulting compatible with Alpine faulting, everywhere truncating the pegmatite dikes. Early faults accommodated shortening normal to the Alpine fault, and were obliquely reactivated by a younger population of faults during dextral transpression. My results show that structural reactivation occurred repeatedly after D1, and that structural inheritance played a key role in the geometry, distribution, and kinematics of younger deformation events throughout the arc's history. The sheeted emplacement of the Misty pluton was accompanied, and possibly facilitated, by a system of partitioned transpression during Early Cretaceous crustal thickening and arc magmatism. These results show that transpression helped accommodate and move magma through the middle and lower crust during the flare-up. This conclusion is important for the study of continental arcs globally, as evidence of deformation during high-flux magmatism at lower crustal depths (~40 km) is rarely preserved and exhumed to the surface.
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Daczko, Nathan Robert. "The Structural and Metamorphic evolution of cretaceous high-P granulites, Fiordland, New Zealand." University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/822.

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Fiordland is located southwest of South Island of New Zealand. The field area of this thesis is in northern Fiordland, at the boundary of pristine arc rocks (Median Tectonic Zone) and a belt of Paleozoic paragneisses and orthogneisses of variable age that represent the metamorphosed paleo-Pacific Gondwana margin.
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Scott, John G., and n/a. "Structural controls on gold - quartz vein mineralisation in the Otago schist, New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070412.160816.

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Hydrothermal fluid flow is spatially and genetically associated with deformation in the earth�s crust. In the Otago Schist, New Zealand, the circulation of hydrothermal fluids in the Cretaceous formed numerous mesothermal gold-quartz vein deposits. Otago schist rocks are largely L-S tectonites in which the penetrative fabric is the product of more than one deformation phase/transposition cycle. Regional correlation of deformation events allowed mineralised deposits to be related to the structural evolution of the Otago Schist. Compilation of a detailed tectonostratigraphy of New Zealand basement rocks reveals that extensional mineralisation correlates with the onset of localised terrestrial fanglomerate deposition, thermal perturbation and granitic intrusion that mark the beginning of New Zealand rifting from the Antarctic portion of Gondwana. Laminated and breccia textures in mineralised veins suggest that host structures have experienced repeated episodes of incremental slip and hydrothermal fluid flow. However, analysis of vein orientation data in terms of fault reactivation theory (Amontons Law) shows that most deposits contain veins that are unfavourably oriented for frictional reactivation. Repeated movement on unfavourably oriented structures may involve dynamic processes of strain refraction due to competency contrasts, the effect of anisotropy in the schist, or localised stress field rotation. Deposits have been classified on the basis of host structure kinematics at the time of mineralisation into low angle thrust faults, and high angle extensional fault - fracture arrays. Low angle deposits have a mapped internal geometry that is very different from conventional imbricate thrust systems. This study applied ⁴⁰Ar/�⁹Ar geochronology to selected deposits and has identified at least three distinct mineralisation events have occurred within the central axial belt during the Cretaceous. Relationships between radiometric apparent age and inferred crustal depth reveal that after metamorphism, the onset of cooling and rapid exhumation of the schist belt coincides temporally and spatially with the age of mineralisation and structural position of a regional scale low angle shear zone in Otago.
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Schulte, Daniel. "Kinematics of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5459.

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The Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex developed in the Mid-Cretaceous due to continental extension conditioning the crust for the eventual breakup of the Gondwana Pacific Margin, which separated Australia and New Zealand. It has two detachment systems: the top-NE-displacing Ohika Detachment at the northern end of the complex and the top-SW-displacing Pike Detachment at the southern end of the complex. The structure is rather unusual for core complexes worldwide, which are commonly characterised by a single detachment system. Few suggestions for the kinematics of the core complex development have been made so far. In this study structural-, micrographic- and fission track analyses were applied to investigate the bivergent character and to constrain the kinematics of the core complex. The new results combined with reinterpretations of previous workers’ observations reveal a detailed sequence of the core complex exhumation and the subsequent development. Knowledge about the influence and the timing of the two respective detachments is critical for understanding the structural evolution of the core complex. The syntectonic Buckland Granite plays a key role in the determination of the importance of the two detachment systems. Structural evidence shows that the Pike Detachment is responsible for most of the exhumation, while the Ohika Detachment is a mere complexity. In contrast to earlier opinions the southwestern normal fault system predates the northeastern one. The Buckland Pluton records the ceasing pervasive influence of the Pike Detachment, while activity on the Ohika Detachment had effect on the surface about ~8 Ma later. Most fission track ages are not related to the core complex stage, but reflect the younger late Cretaceous history. They show post core complex burial and renewed exhumation in two phases, which are regionally linked to the development of the adjacent Paparoa Basin and the Paparoa Coal Measures to the southwest and to the inception of seafloor spreading in the Tasman Sea in a larger context.
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Duffy, Brendan Gilbert. "The Structural and Geomorphic Development of Active Collisional Orogens, from Single Earthquake to Million Year Timescales, Timor Leste and New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7527.

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The structure and geomorphology of active orogens evolves on time scales ranging from a single earthquake to millions of years of tectonic deformation. Analysis of crustal deformation using new and established remote sensing techniques, and integration of these data with field mapping, geochronology and the sedimentary record, create new opportunities to understand orogenic evolution over these timescales. Timor Leste (East Timor) lies on the northern collisional boundary between continental crust from the Australian Plate and the Banda volcanic arc. GPS studies have indicated that the island of Timor is actively shortening. Field mapping and fault kinematic analysis of an emergent Pliocene marine sequence identifies gentle folding, overprinted by a predominance of NW-SE oriented dextral-normal faults and NE-SW oriented sinistral-normal faults that collectively bound large (5-20km2) bedrock massifs throughout the island. These fault systems intersect at non-Andersonian conjugate angles of approximately 120° and accommodate an estimated 20 km of orogen-parallel extension. Folding of Pliocene rocks in Timor may represent an early episode of contraction but the overall pattern of deformation is one of lateral crustal extrusion sub-parallel to the Banda Arc. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that extrusion began prior to 5.5 Ma, during and after initial uplift of the orogen. Sedimentological, geochemical and Nd isotope data indicate that the island of Timor was emergent and shedding terrigenous sediment into carbonate basins prior to 4.5 Ma. Synorogenic tectonic and sedimentary phases initiated almost synchronously across much of Timor Leste and <2 Myr before similar events in West Timor. An increase in plate coupling along this obliquely converging boundary, due to subduction of an outlying continental plateau at the Banda Trench, is proposed as a mechanism for uplift that accounts for orogen-parallel extension and early uplift of Timor Leste. Rapid bathymetric changes around Timor are likely to have played an important role in evolution of the Indonesian Seaway. The 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake in New Zealand was complex, involving multiple faults with strike-slip, reverse and normal displacements. Multi-temporal cadastral surveying and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys allowed surface deformation at the junction of three faults to be analyzed in this study in unprecedented detail. A nested, localized restraining stepover with contractional bulging was identified in an area with the overall fault structure of a releasing bend, highlighting the surface complexities that may develop in fault interaction zones during a single earthquake sequence. The earthquake also caused river avulsion and flooding in this area. Geomorphic investigations of these rivers prior to the earthquake identify plausible precursory patterns, including channel migration and narrowing. Comparison of the pre and post-earthquake geomorphology of the fault rupture also suggests that a subtle scarp or groove was present along much of the trace prior to the Darfield earthquake. Hydrogeology and well logs support a hypothesis of extended slip history and suggests that that the Selwyn River fan may be infilling a graben that has accumulated late Quaternary vertical slip of <30 m. Investigating fault behavior, geomorphic and sedimentary responses over a multitude of time-scales and at different study sites provides insights into fault interactions and orogenesis during single earthquakes and over millions of years of plate boundary deformation.
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Newman, Alice. "Strain localization and exhumation of the lower crust: A study of the three-dimensional structure and flow kinematics of central Fiordland, New Zealand." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/312.

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In this thesis, I present structural and kinematic data on rock fabrics, shear zones and fault zones from the Cretaceous Malaspina orthogneiss and some of its satellite plutons in central Fiordland, New Zealand. Central Fiordland exposes a large tract of granulite- to eclogite-facies lower crust that was exhumed between late Mesozoic to Cenozoic times. The deformational structures of interest were formed and preserved during the lifecycle of a Cretaceous continental arc that involved thickening to over 60 km followed by collapse and rifting. As such, they provide an excellent opportunity to study strain localization in the deep crust and the process of exhumation. Detailed structural mapping, analysis, and the construction of a 45-kilometer cross section through the Malaspina orthogneiss and adjacent plutons reveal the spatial distribution, sequence, and kinematics of crosscutting deformational structures. The earliest structures record Cretaceous magmatism, high-grade metamorphism at the granulite and eclogite facies, and ductile flow that resulted in widespread (over 1200 km2), disorganized magmatic foliations. These events were followed by regional extension that resulted in the formation of multiple, ≤0.5 km-thick ductile, upper amphibolite facies shear zones that record cooling, hydration, and horizontal flow during the Late Cretaceous. Extension continued but changed obliquity in the early to middle Tertiary and resulted in sets of strike-slip and normal brittle to semi-brittle faults forming a sinistral transtensional system. These faults are distributed across central Fiordland and crosscut and transpose the ductile shear zones and magmatic foliations. Lastly, a change in relative plate motions resulted in the inception of the Alpine fault and the development of a late Tertiary transpressional fault system that crosscuts all previous structures. The dominant factors controlling strain localization in central Fiordland changed from magma, heat, and melting, to fluid activity, plate boundary reorganization, and reactivation of inherited structures. The succession of contrasting strain localization styles in response to changing tectonic and local conditions led to the development of multiple phases of deformation. These multiple phases of deformation allowed the deep crust to be exhumed in a heterogeneous and fragmented, or 'piecemeal', way. In particular, the inability of late Cretaceous ductile shear zones to fully exhume the lower crust was compensated by the ability of early Tertiary transtensional faults to simultaneously thin and further exhume the lower crust. Investigations of strain localization patterns in central Fiordland shed light on the causes and mechanisms of crustal exhumation, a phenomenon that is integral to the lifecycle of virtually all orogenic belts.
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Toy, Virginia Gail, and n/a. "Rheology of the Alpine Fault Mylonite Zone : deformation processes at and below the base of the seismogenic zone in a major plate boundary structure." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080305.110949.

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The Alpine Fault is the major structure of the Pacific-Australian plate boundary through New Zealand�s South Island. During dextral reverse fault slip, a <5 million year old, ~1 km thick mylonite zone has been exhumed in the hanging-wall, providing unique exposure of material deformed to very high strains at deep crustal levels under boundary conditions constrained by present-day plate motions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fault zone rheology and mechanisms of strain localisation, to obtain further information about how the structural development of this shear zone relates to the kinematic and thermal boundary constraints, and to investigate the mechanisms by which the viscously deforming mylonite zone is linked to the brittle structure, that fails episodically causing large earthquakes. This study has focussed on the central section of the fault from Harihari to Fox Glacier. In this area, mylonites derived from a quartzofeldspathic Alpine Schist protolith are most common, but slivers of Western Province-derived footwall material, which can be differentiated using mineralogy and bulk rock geochemistry, were also incorporated into the fault zone. These footwall-derived mylonites are increasingly common towards the north. At amphibolite-facies conditions mylonitic deformation was localised to the mylonite and ultramylonite subzones of the schist-derived mylonites. Most deformation was accommodated by dislocation creep of quartz, which developed strong Y-maximum crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) patterns by prism (a) dominant slip. Formation of this highly-oriented fabric would have led to significant geometric softening and enhanced strain localisation. During this high strain deformation, pre-existing Alpine Schist fabrics in polyphase rocks were reconstituted to relatively well-mixed, finer-grained aggregates. As a result of this fabric homogenisation, strong syn-mylonitic object lineations were not formed. Strain models show that weak lineations trending towards ~090� and kinematic directions indicated by asymmetric fabrics and CPO pattern symmetry could have formed during pure shear stretches up-dip of the fault of ~3.5, coupled with simple shear strains [greater than or equal to]30. The preferred estimate of simple:pure shear strain gives a kinematc vorticity number, W[k] [greater than or equal to]̲ 0.9997. Rapid exhumation due to fault slip resulted in advection of crustal isotherms. New thermobarometric and fluid inclusion analyses from fault zone materials allow the thermal gradient along an uplift path in the fault rocks to be more precisely defined than previously. Fluid inclusion data indicate temperatures of 325+̲15�C were experienced at depths of ~45 km, so that a high thermal gradient of ~75�C km⁻� is indicated in the near-surface. This gradient must fall off to [ less than approximately]l0�C km⁻� below the brittle-viscous transition since feldspar thermobarometry, Ti-inbiotite thermometry and the absence of prism(c)-slip quartz CPO fabrics indicate deformation temperatures did not exceed ~ 650�C at [greater than or equal to] 7.0-8.5�1.5 kbar, ie. 26-33 km depth. During exhumation, the strongly oriented quartzite fabrics were not favourably oriented for activation of the lower temperature basal(a) slip system, which should have dominated at depths [less than approximately]20 km. Quartz continued to deform by crystal-plastic mechanisms to shallow levels. However, pure dislocation creep of quartz was replaced by a frictional-viscous deformation mechanism of sliding on weak mica basal planes coupled with dislocation creep of quartz. Such frictional-viscous flow is particularly favoured during high-strain rate events as might be expected during rupture of the overlying brittle fault zone. Maximum flow stresses supported by this mechanism are ~65 Mpa, similar to those indicated by recrystallised grain size paleopiezometry of quartz (D>25[mu]m, indicating [Delta][sigma][max] ~55 MPa for most mylonites). It is likely that the preferentially oriented prism (a) slip system was activated during these events, so the Y-maximum CPO fabrics were preserved. Simple numerical models show that activation of this slip system is favoured over the basal (a) system, which has a lower critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) at low temperatures, for aggregates with strong Y-maximum orientations. Absence of pervasive crystal-plastic deformation of micas and feldspars during activation of this mechanism also resulted in preservation of mineral chemistries from the highest grades of mylonitic deformation (ie. amphibolite-facies). Retrograde, epidote-amphibolite to greenschist-facies mineral assemblages were pervasively developed in ultramylonites and cataclasites immediately adjacent to the fault core and in footwall-derived mylonites, perhaps during episodic transfer of this material into and subsequently out of the cooler footwall block. In the more distal protomylonites, retrograde assemblages were locally developed along shear bands that also accommodated most of the mylonitic deformation in these rocks. Ti-in-biotite thermometry suggests biotite in these shear bands equilibrated down to ~500+̲50�C, suggesting crystal-plastic deformation of this mineral continued to these temperatures. Crossed-girdle quartz CPO fabrics were formed in these protomylonites by basal (a) dominant slip, indicating a strongly oriented fabric had not previously formed at depth due to the relatively small strains, and that dislocation creep of quartz continued at depths [less than or equal to]20 km. Lineation orientations, CPO fabric symmetry and shear-band fabrics in these protomylonites are consistent with a smaller simple:pure shear strain ratio than that observed closer to the fault core (W[k] [greater than approximately] 0.98), but require a similar total pure shear component. Furthermore, they indicate an increase in the simple shear component with time, consistent with incorporation of new hanging-wall material into the fault zone. Pre-existing lineations were only slowly rotated into coincidence with the mylonitic simple shear direction in the shear bands since they lay close to the simple shear plane, and inherited orientations were not destroyed until large finite strains (<100) were achieved. As the fault rocks were exhumed through the brittle-viscous transition, they experienced localised brittle shear failures. These small-scale seismic events formed friction melts (ie. pseudotachylytes). The volume of pseudotachylyte produced is related to host rock mineralogy (more melt in host rocks containing hydrated minerals), and fabric (more melt in isotropic host rocks). Frictional melting also occurred within cataclastic hosts, indicating the cataclasites around the principal slip surface of the Alpine Fault were produced by multiple episodes of discrete shear rather than distributed cataclastic flow. Pseudotachylytes were also formed in the presence of fluids, suggesting relatively high fault gouge permeabilities were transiently attained, probably during large earthquakes. Frictional melting contributed to formation of phyllosilicate-rich fault gouges, weakening the brittle structure and promoting slip localisation. The location of faulting and pseudotachylyte formation, and the strength of the fault in the brittle regime were strongly influenced by cyclic hydrothermal cementation processes. A thermomechanical model of the central Alpine Fault zone has been defined using the results of this study. The mylonites represent a localised zone of high simple shear strain, embedded in a crustal block that underwent bulk pure shear. The boundaries of the simple shear zone moved into the surrounding material with time. This means that the exhumed sequence does not represent a simple 'time slice' illustrating progressive fault rock development during increasing simple shear strains. The deformation history of the mylonites at deep crustal P-T conditions had a profound influence on subsequent deformation mechanisms and fabric development during exhumation.
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Adamson, Thomas Keeley. "Structural development of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt in the Permian, Bryneira Range, western Otago, New Zealand : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geological Science at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1587.

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The deformed Permian Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt (DMOB) forms the basement of the Dun Mountain-Maitai terrane and is traceable through the entire length of New Zealand. The DMOB contains a variably serpentinised mantle portion and a crustal portion containing gabbros, dolerites, cross cutting dikes and extrusives, together they are similar to oceanic crust. The initial crustal portion, however, is atypical when compared to other ophiolites, being thin and lacking a sheeted dike complex, but has well spaced inclined intrusive sheets and sills. At least four post-Permian deformation periods affect the DMOB; collision and rotation during emplacement of the DMOB on the Gondwana margin, compression during Mesozoic orogenies, extensional deformation during the Gondwana break-up and transpressive deformation related to the modern plate boundary through New Zealand. Structural work in the Northern Bryneira Range focused on well preserved outcrops to investigate crustal growth and contemporaneous deformation during the Permian. Structural evidence of Permian deformation was determined by examination of pseudostratigraphy, structures constrainable to the Permian, and the geometric relationships with the overlying Maitai sedimentary sequence. Crosscutting by intrusive phases was used to determine a chronological order of crustal growth and deformation episodes. It was concluded that all deformation was extensional and that two major phases of magmatism were separated by a period of deformation and were followed by ongoing syn-sedimentary deformation during the deposition of the Maitai Group. After removal of Mesozoic rotation, the resulting orientations of paleo-horizontal markers and diverse orientations of intrusive sheets were analysed. Two hypothesises were tested to assess the origin of inclined intrusive sheets: a) that the diverse orientations were the result of tectonic rotation coeval with the intrusion of dikes. b) that primary orientations of the sheets had been diverse. Results show that the sheets were intruded with diverse orientations, probably related to variation in the principle horizontal stress over time. Further rotation of the assemblage of sheets occurred during the last stages of magmatism and during the subsequent period of sedimentation. The last stage probably relates to large scale normal faulting during the development of the sedimentary basin. iii
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Pedley, Katherine Louise. "Modelling Submarine Landscape Evolution in Response to Subduction Processes, Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4648.

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The steep forearc slope along the northern sector of the obliquely convergent Hikurangi subduction zone is characteristic of non-accretionary and tectonically eroding continental margins, with reduced sediment supply in the trench relative to further south, and the presence of seamount relief on the Hikurangi Plateau. These seamounts influence the subduction process and the structurally-driven geomorphic development of the over-riding margin of the Australian Plate frontal wedge. The Poverty Indentation represents an unusual, especially challenging and therefore exciting location to investigate the tectonic and eustatic effects on this sedimentary system because of: (i) the geometry and obliquity of the subducting seamounts; (ii) the influence of multiple repeated seamount impacts; (iii) the effects of structurally-driven over-steeping and associated widespread occurrence of gravitational collapse and mass movements; and (iv) the development of a large canyon system down the axis of the indentation. High quality bathymetric and backscatter images of the Poverty Indentation submarine re-entrant across the northern part of the Hikurangi margin were obtained by scientists from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) (Lewis, 2001) using a SIMRAD EM300 multibeam swath-mapping system, hull-mounted on NIWA’s research vessel Tangaroa. The entire accretionary slope of the re-entrant was mapped, at depths ranging from 100 to 3500 metres. The level of seafloor morphologic resolution is comparable with some of the most detailed Digital Elevation Maps (DEM) onshore. The detailed digital swath images are complemented by the availability of excellent high-quality processed multi-channel seismic reflection data, single channel high-resolution 3.5 kHz seismic reflection data, as well as core samples. Combined, these data support this study of the complex interactions of tectonic deformation with slope sedimentary processes and slope submarine geomorphic evolution at a convergent margin. The origin of the Poverty Indentation, on the inboard trench-slope at the transition from the northern to central sectors of the Hikurangi margin, is attributed to multiple seamount impacts over the last c. 2 Myr period. This has been accompanied by canyon incision, thrust fault propagation into the trench fill, and numerous large-scale gravitational collapse structures with multiple debris flow and avalanche deposits ranging in down-slope length from a few hundred metres to more than 40 km. The indentation is directly offshore of the Waipaoa River which is currently estimated to have a high sediment yield into the marine system. The indentation is recognised as the “Sink” for sediments derived from the Waipaoa River catchment, one of two target river systems chosen for the US National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded MARGINS “Source-to-Sink” initiative. The Poverty Canyon stretches 70 km from the continental shelf edge directly offshore from the Waipaoa to the trench floor, incising into the axis of the indentation. The sediment delivered to the margin from the Waipaoa catchment and elsewhere during sea-level high-stands, including the Holocene, has remained largely trapped in a large depocentre on the Poverty shelf, while during low-stand cycles, sediment bypassed the shelf to develop a prograding clinoform sequence out onto the upper slope. The formation of the indentation and the development of the upper branches of the Poverty Canyon system have led to the progressive removal of a substantial part of this prograding wedge by mass movements and gully incision. Sediment has also accumulated in the head of the Poverty Canyon and episodic mass flows contribute significantly to continued modification of the indentation by driving canyon incision and triggering instability in the adjacent slopes. Prograding clinoforms lying seaward of active faults beneath the shelf, and overlying a buried inactive thrust system beneath the upper slope, reveal a history of deformation accompanied by the creation of accommodation space. There is some more recent activity on shelf faults (i.e. Lachlan Fault) and at the transition into the lower margin, but reduced (~2 %) or no evidence of recent deformation for the majority of the upper to mid-slope. This is in contrast to current activity (approximately 24 to 47% shortening) across the lower slope and frontal wedge regions of the indentation. The middle to lower Poverty Canyon represents a structural transition zone within the indentation coincident with the indentation axis. The lower to mid-slope south of the canyon conforms more closely to a classic accretionary slope deformation style with a series of east-facing thrust-propagated asymmetric anticlines separated by early-stage slope basins. North of the canyon system, sediment starvation and seamount impact has resulted in frontal tectonic erosion associated with the development of an over-steepened lower to mid-slope margin, fault reactivation and structural inversion and over-printing. Evidence points to at least three main seamount subduction events within the Poverty Indentation, each with different margin responses: i) older substantial seamount impact that drove the first-order perturbation in the margin, since approximately ~1-2 Ma ii) subducted seamount(s) now beneath Pantin and Paritu Ridge complexes, initially impacting on the margin approximately ~0.5 Ma, and iii) incipient seamount subduction of the Puke Seamount at the current deformation front. The overall geometry and geomorphology of the wider indentation appears to conform to the geometry accompanying the structure observed in sandbox models after the seamount has passed completely through the deformation front. The main morphological features correlating with sandbox models include: i) the axial re-entrant down which the Poverty Canyon now incises; ii) the re-establishment of an accretionary wedge to the south of the indentation axis, accompanied by out-stepping, deformation front propagation into the trench fill sequence, particularly towards the mouth of the canyon; iii) the linear north margin of the indentation with respect to the more arcuate shape of the southern accretionary wedge; and, iv) the set of faults cutting obliquely across the deformation front near the mouth of the canyon. Many of the observed structural and geomorphic features of the Poverty Indentation also correlate well both with other sediment-rich convergent margins where seamount subduction is prevalent particularly the Nankai and Sumatra margins, and the sediment-starved Costa Rican margin. While submarine canyon systems are certainly present on other convergent margins undergoing seamount subduction there appears to be no other documented shelf to trench extending canyon system developing in the axis of such a re-entrant, as is dominating the Poverty Indentation. Ongoing modification of the Indentation appears to be driven by: i) continued smaller seamount impacts at the deformation front, and currently subducting beneath the mid-lower slope, ii) low and high sea-level stands accompanied by variations on sediment flux from the continental shelf, iii) over-steepening of the deformation front and mass movement, particularly from the shelf edge and upper slope.
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Nicholson, Heather Halcrow. "The New Zealand Greywackes: A study of geological concepts in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/90.

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This thesis traces changes in geological concepts associated with the New Zealand greywackes. Since mineralogists adopted the German mining term 'grauwacke' in the 1780s to refer to a type of old, hard, grey, muddy sandstone, both the name and the rock have caused confusion and controversy. English geologists in the 1830s used the term 'grauwacke' as a rock name and a formation name for their most ancient rocks. The English abandoned the name, but 'greywacke' remained useful in Scotland and began to be used in New Zealand in the 1890s. New Zealanders still refer to the association of semi-metamorphosed greywacke sandstones, argillites, minor lavas, cherts and limestone constituting the North Island ranges and the Southern Alps as 'the greywackes'. With the South Island schists, the greywackes make up 27% of the surface of the New Zealand landmass. They supply much of our road metal, but otherwise have little economic importance. Work on these basement rocks has rarely exceeded 10% of geological research in New Zealand.Leading geologists of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries competed to construct stratigraphical models for New Zealand where the greywackes were usually classified as of Paleozoic age. Controversy was generated by insufficient data, field mistakes, wrong fossil identifications, attachment to ruling theories and the inability of European-based conventional stratigraphical methodologies to deal with these Carboniferous to Jurassic rocks formed in a very different and unsuspected geological environment. After 1945, growth of the universities, increased Geological Survey activity, and the acquisition of more reliable data led to fresh explanatory ideas about geosynclines, turbidity currents, depositional facies, low-grade metamorphism, and structural geology. New interest in the greywackes resulted in the accumulation of additional knowledge about their paleontology, petrography, sedimentology and structure. Much of this geological data is stored in visual materials including maps, photographs, and diagrams and these are essential today for the interpretation and transfer of information.The development of plate tectonic theory and the accompanying terrane concept in the seventies and eighties permitted real progress in understanding the oceanic origin of greywackes within submarine accretionary prisms and their transport to the New Zealand region. In the last half century comparatively little geological controversy about the greywackes has taken place because of the acquisition of quantities of data, technological improvements, and the use of a dependable theory of the Earth's crust. Scientific controversy takes place when data and/or background theory is inadequate.
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Books on the topic "Geology, Structural New Zealand"

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New Zealand geology. Wellington: Science Information Pub. Centre, Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1987.

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J, Landowe Sean, and Hammler Garth M, eds. Structural geology: New research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Stevens, Graeme R. Prehistoric New Zealand. Birkenhead, Auckland: Heinemann Reed, 1988.

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Big ideas: 100 wonders of New Zealand engineering. Auckland, N.Z: Random House, 2009.

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Matthew, Wright. Big ideas: 100 wonders of New Zealand engineering. Auckland, N.Z: Random House, 2009.

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International Symposium on New Concepts in Global Tectonics (1998 Tsukuba, Japan). New concepts in global tectonics. Edited by Dickins J. M and Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. Dehradun [India]: Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 2001.

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Campbell, Hamish. In search of ancient New Zealand. North Shore, N.Z: Penguin Books, 2007.

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Gill, Maria. Eruption!: Discovering New Zealand volcanoes. Auckland, New Zealand: New Holland, 2012.

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New Mexico Geological Society. Field Conference. Tectonic development of the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society forty-first annual Field Conference, September 12-15, 1990. Edited by Bauer Paul Winston. [S.l.]: The Society, 1990.

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New Zealand. Ministry of Economic Development. Explore New Zealand: Petroleum. Wellington, N.Z.]: Crown Minerals, Ministry of Economic Development, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geology, Structural New Zealand"

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Little, Timothy, Ruth Wightman, Rodney J. Holcombe, and Matthew Hill. "Transpression models and ductile deformation of the lower crust of the Pacific Plate in the central Southern Alps, A perspective from structural geology." In A Continental Plate Boundary: Tectonics at South Island, New Zealand, 271–88. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/175gm14.

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MacKinnon, T. C., and D. G. Howell. "Torlesse Turbidite System, New Zealand." In Frontiers in Sedimentary Geology, 223–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5114-9_33.

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Crouch, Erica M., Pi Suhr Willumsen, Denise Kulhanek, and Samantha Gibbs. "A Revised Palaeocene (Teurian) Dinoflagellate Cyst Zonation from Eastern New Zealand." In Springer Geology, 75–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_15.

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Puniya, Mohit Kumar, Ashish Kumar Kaushik, Soumyajit Mukherjee, Swagato Dasgupta, Nihar Ranjan Kar, Mery Biswas, and Ratna Choudhary. "New Structural Geological Input from the Barmer Basin, Rajasthan (India)." In Springer Geology, 285–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19576-1_9.

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Valagussa, Andrea, Giovanni B. Crosta, Paolo Frattini, Stefania Zenoni, and Chris Massey. "Rockfall Runout Simulation Fine-Tuning in Christchurch, New Zealand." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 1913–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_339.

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Uma, S. R., and S. Beskhyroun. "Developments in Seismic Instrumentation and Health Monitoring of Structures in New Zealand." In Seismic Structural Health Monitoring, 385–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13976-6_16.

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Norris, Richard J., and Alan F. Cooper. "The Alpine Fault, New Zealand: Surface geology and field relationships." In A Continental Plate Boundary: Tectonics at South Island, New Zealand, 157–75. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/175gm09.

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Kouretzis, George P., Mark J. Masia, and Clive Allen. "Structural Design Codes of Australia and New Zealand: Seismic Actions." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_120-1.

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Kouretzis, George P., Mark J. Masia, and Clive Allen. "Structural Design Codes of Australia and New Zealand: Seismic Actions." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 3604–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_120.

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Engl, Daniela Anna, Chris Massey, and Mauri McSaveney. "CrEAM Modelling of Groundwater-Triggered Landslide Acceleration at the Utiku Landslide (New Zealand)." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 583–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_96.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geology, Structural New Zealand"

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Waldin, Jeremy, Chloe McKenzie, Jeremy Jennings, and Russell Kean. "Structural response monitoring of New Zealand bridges." In International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.868.

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Ahmad, Nasaruddin. "Structural Style and Structural Evolution in the Hawke's Bay Region, New Zealand." In PGCE 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.258.p20.

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Greshin, Paul S., and Jonathan Davidson. "STYLES OF STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION ACROSS CASTLE HILL BASIN, NEW ZEALAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303828.

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Gould, Nathan C., and Justin D. Marshall. "Structural and Non-Structural Damage to Industrial Facilities during the February 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, Earthquake." In Structures Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412367.095.

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Kelly, T. E., and Charles B. Reynolds. "Structural geology of the Malpais Valley, San Rafael, New Mexico." In 40th Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-40.119.

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"Structural Differences Between the Residential Housing Market in New Zealand and Germany." In 16th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2009. ERES, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2009_379.

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Deville, E., and A. Collaku. "A New Sub-Thrust Play for Hydrocarbon Exploration in Central Albania - Seismic and Structural Interpretation." In EAGE Conference on Geology and Petroleum Geology of the Mediterranean and Circum-Mediterranean Basins. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406012.

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Cranney, Jesse, Jose De Dona, Piotr Piatrou, Francois Rigaut, and Visa Korkiakoski. "Modeling and identification of adaptive optics systems to satisfy distributed Kalman filter model structural constraints." In 2017 Australian and New Zealand Control Conference (ANZCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/anzcc.2017.8298437.

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Kahn, Cyril J. F., Dominique Dumas, Elmira Arab-Tehrany, Vanessa Marie, Nguyen Tran, Xiong Wang, and Franck Cleymand. "Structural and Mechanical Multi-Scale Characterization of White New Zealand Rabbit Achilles Tendon." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87528.

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Tendons and ligaments are complex multi-scale collageneous structures playing a fundamental role in mouvement. Even if these tissues are extensively studied in the past decades, modeling their non-linear viscoelastic properties is still a tough challenge. In order to reveal the relationship between the multi-scale structures and the macroscopic mechanical properties, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to study unstreateched microtome slices of rabbit Achilles tendons, and an Adamel Lomargy DY.22 tensile test machine to study the dynamic properties of these tissues. Based on our data, a Zener model was used to describe the dynamic loading and unloading cycles.
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Hodgson, Scott A. "Structural geology and Laramide tectonics of the Little Hatchet Mountains, southwestern New Mexico." In 51st Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-51.109.

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Reports on the topic "Geology, Structural New Zealand"

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Frieman, B. M., Y. D. Kuiper, T. Monecke, and N. M. Kelly. Precambrian geology and new structural data, Kirkland Lake area, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304206.

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Paktunc, A. D., and J. W. F. Ketchum. Petrology, Structural Geology, and Gold Mineralization of the Elmtree Mafic Body, northern New Brunswick. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/126564.

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Norris, Adele. Thesis review: The storytellers: Identity narratives by New Zealand African youth – participatory visual methodological approach to situating identity, migration and representation by Makanaka Tuwe. Unitec ePress, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/thes.revw4318.

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This fascinating and original work explores the experiences of third-culture children of African descent in New Zealand. The term ‘third-culture kid’ refers to an individual who grows up in a culture different from the culture of their parents. Experiences of youth of African descent is under-researched in New Zealand. The central research focus explores racialised emotions internalised by African youth that are largely attributed to a lack of positive media representation of African and/or black youth, coupled with daily experiences of micro-aggressions and structural racism. In this respect, the case-study analysis is reflective of careful, methodological and deliberative analysis, which offers powerful insights into the grass-roots strategies employed by African youth to resist negative stereotypes that problematise and marginalise them politically and economically.
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Castonguay, S., S. Watters, and J. F. Ravenelle. Preliminary report on the structural geology of the Clarence Stream - Moores Mills area, southwestern New Brunswick: implications for gold exploration. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/214210.

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Hoak, T., K. Sundberg, and P. Ortoleva. Overview of the structural geology and tectonics of the Central Basin Platform, Delaware Basin, and Midland Basin, West Texas and New Mexico. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/307858.

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Jamie N. Gardner: Alexis Lavine, Giday WoldeGabriel, Donathon Krier, David Vaniman, Florie Caporuscio, Claudia Lewis, Peggy Reneau, Emily Kluk, and M. J. Snow. Structural Geology of the Northwestern Portion of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico: Implications for Seismic Surface Rupture Potential from TA-3 to TA-55. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8197.

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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.

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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.
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Fallas, K. M., and R. B. MacNaughton. Bedrock mapping and stratigraphic studies in the Mackenzie Mountains, Franklin Mountains, Colville Hills, and adjacent areas of the Northwest Territories, Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program 2009-2019. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326093.

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The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program provided an opportunity to update bedrock geological maps for nearly 92 000 km2 of the northwestern portion of the mainland area of the Northwest Territories. Twenty-four new maps (at the scale of 1:100 000 or 1:250 000) cover a region from the Colville Hills southwestward into the Mackenzie Mountains, including areas of significant mineral and energy resource potential. New mapping was informed by archived Geological Survey of Canada data, notably from Operation Norman (1968-1970), as well as by public-domain industry data. Maps incorporate numerous stratigraphic revisions that postdate Operation Norman, including GEM program innovations affecting Neoproterozoic (specifically Tonian and Ediacaran), Cambrian, and Ordovician units. In this paper, the mapping effort and stratigraphic revisions are documented, a preliminary treatment of structural geology is provided, and related subsurface studies are summarized. Following GEM, GIS-enabled bedrock maps will be available for a swath of territory stretching from the edge of the Selwyn Basin, near the Yukon border, to the Brock Inlier in the northeastern portion of the mainland area of the Northwest Territories.
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