Dissertations / Theses: 'Geology, stratigraphic – Maine'

1

Hogan, John Patrick. "Mineralogical, chemical and isotopic diversity in plutonic rock suites from the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province : the role of source region heterogeneity, tectonic setting and magmatic processes /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08082007-114045/.

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Hogan, John Patrick. "Mineralogical, chemical and isotopic diversity in plutonic rock suites from the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province:the role of source region heterogeneity, tectonic setting and magmatic processes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39074.

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This dissertation represents an investigation of the mid-Paleozoic tectono-thermal and kinematic evolution of the crust in eastern coastal Maine as recorded by the plutonic rocks of this region. The first chapter describes the plutonic rocks of the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province. A tectonic model is developed in which late Ordovician-Silurian bimodal magmatism is interpreted to reflect crustal melting as a result of intraplating of mantle melts at high crustal levels during a period of tension. Large scale melting of lower crustal source regions, represented by voluminous intrusion of Devonian granites, reflects a period of transpression during which upwelling mantle melts were confined to the base of the crust. The diversity of granitic plutons reflects changes in the mineral assemblages present during partial melting, and in some instances, modification as a result of mixing/mingling with mantle melts. The second chapter examines the effect of accessory minerals on the initial Pb isotopic signature of anatectic granites. Their initial Pb isotopic composition reflects (a) the age, type, modal distribution, and heterogeneity in the initial U and Th content of the accessory phase(s) present in the source, (b) variation in melt composition and temperature during partial melting, (c) the fraction of the source melted, and (d) the extent to which the melt is homogenized prior to crystallization. It is shown that granitic plutons derived by crustal anatexis of a common source material are not required to have similar initial lead isotopic compositions. The third chapter presents the results of a Pb isotopic investigation of selected plutonic rocks from the Coastal Maine MagmaticProvince. This study was designed to test and refine petrogenetic models presented in Chapter 1. The Pb isotopic signature of the granitic plutons reveals the presence of two lithologically heterogeneous source regions beneath the Avalon Composite Terrane. The upper crustal source region has an mean V-Pb age of -2.0 Ga and the high 207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb characteristic of Avalonian crust. The lower crustal source region has an average U-Pb age of -1.3 Ga and lower 207Pb/204Pb. This source region may represent either the autochthonous basement to the Avalon platform or the eastern extension of the basement to the Gander Terrane of central Maine.
Ph. D.

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3

Lee, Kristen M. "Late Quaternary Sea-Level Lowstand Environmetns and Chronology of Outer Saco Bay, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LeeKM2006.pdf.

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4

Metcalfe, Elisabet Joan. "Late-glacial through Holocene Stratigraphy and Lake-level Record of Rangely Lake, Western Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MetcalfeEJ2007.pdf.

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5

Guzmán, Espinal José Ignacio. "Miocene stratigraphy and depositional framework of northeastern Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela : implications for reservoir heterogeneity prediction in tectonically-active settings /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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6

Fang, Qing. "Biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Yegua Formation, Houston salt embayment, northern Gulf of Mexico /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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7

Rougvie, James Russell. "Metamorphism in the northern Park Range of Colorado : fluid-rock interactions and thermobarometry /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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8

Liu, Qunling. "Post mid-Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy and depositional history of northeastern Gulf of Mexico /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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9

Abbott, James T. "Late Quaternary alluviation and soil erosion in Southern Italy /." Digital version accessible at:, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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10

Rodriguez, Luis Oswaldo. "Tectonic analysis, stratigraphy and depositional history of the Miocene sedimentary section, Central Eastern Venezuela basin /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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11

Dubois, Kalli Alyse. "Regional Stratigraphy and Lithologic Characterization of the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale in Southwest Mississippi." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843538.

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The Tuscaloosa Marine Shale (TMS) in southwest Mississippi and south-central Louisiana has potential to become a prolific source of fossil fuels using hydraulic fracturing technology. The objective of this study is to better understand the sequence and regional stratigraphy, lithology, and character of the TMS. Studying the TMS’s lithologic, depositional, and diagenetic properties is essential to maximize potential production. Characterization of the eastern TMS was performed with cuttings from two wells provided by the Mississippi Oil and Gas Board through MDEQ, and two provided by the USGS. Thirty-one petrophysical logs were correlated, to make cross sections and trace sequence stratigraphic intervals within the TMS. Results of the study showed lithologic variability and compaction across the study area, and a sequence stratigraphic correlation of the highstand systems track between the Tuscaloosa and Eagle Ford Groups. This research aims to work toward the greatest potential of the TMS as an unconventional reservoir.

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12

Hudley, Joel Wayne. "Sedimentologic and geophysical study of the stratigraphy and development of modern carbonate Islands, Cotton Key, Florida." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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13

Chan, Sik-lap Jacky. "Paleocene deep-marine sediments in southern central Tibet indication of an arc-continent collision /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38925862.

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14

Chan, Kin-chung. "The application and significance of sediment colour intensity on the study of offshore quaternary deposits." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577202.

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15

Hamlin, Herbert Scott. "Syn-orogenic slope and basin depositional systems, Ozona sandstone, Val Verde Basin, southwest Texas /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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16

Meldahl, Keith Heyer. "Paleoenvironmental and stratigraphic implications of taphonomic processes: Case studies from Recent and Pleistocene shallow marine environments." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185114.

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Taphonomic data can be applied to problems in paleoenvironmental analysis, stratigraphy and paleobiology. Ecologic and taphonomic data from molluscan assemblages in Recent clastic shallow marine environments (northern Gulf of California, Mexico, and Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) furnish different and complementary types of environmental information. Ecological data (species composition, trophic and life habit data) are regulated principally by substrate variation. In contrast, taphonomic data (abrasion, fragmentation, corrosion, bioerosion and encrustation) variously track shifts in surface residence time of shells, water energy, and tidal submergence time. Taphonomic contrasts between sedimentary environment arise because shells in different environments are altered along distinct "taphonomic pathways". Variation in residence time, water energy and tidal submergence time elicit responses in unique suites of taphonomic attributes. Taphonomic processes affect the distribution of fossils in strata, and this has important stratigraphic and paleobiologic ramifications. Shell concentrations in Pleistocene shallow marine strata in the northern Gulf of California formed either as beach ridge accumulations, tidal channel lags, autochthonous communities, or "unconformity beds". The latter are significant stratigraphic markers, capping angular unconformities. The "unconformity beds" are identified taphonomically as transgressive lags derived from beach face reworking during erosion of structural bulges that formed by periodic deformation along the Pleistocene shoreline. These shell beds are products of sedimentary processes along tectonically active continental margins. Preservational incompleteness of fossils hampers reconstruction of patterns of mass extinction, because biostratigraphic last occurrences nearly always underestimate times of lineage extinction. The distribution of biostratigraphic last occurrences of mollusc species in sediment cores from a Recent tidal flat indicates that sudden extinction can appear gradual, due to error in biostratigraphic range endpoints (Signor-Lipps effect). Extinction is typically not accurately recorded for species with less than 15% stratigraphic abundance (i.e. occurring in less than 15% of the sample intervals). Extinction simulations demonstrate that stratigraphic abundance and last occurrence data (readily available in the fossil record) can be used together to distinguish between sudden, stepwise and gradual patterns of mass extinction.

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17

Mulder, Richard Alan. "Regional tectonic deformation of the northern Oregon coast as recorded by Pleistocene marine terraces." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4433.

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Pleistocene marine terraces of the northern Oregon coast are an important factor in understanding the tectonics and paleoseismicity of the central Cascadia subduction zone. The lowest marine terrace, tentatively correlated to 80,000 year old Whiskey Run terrace of southern Oregon, is intermittently exposed in the present day sea cliff along an 80 km section of coastline between Tillamook Head and Cape Kiwanda. Terrace sediments consist largely of fine material such as clay, silt and fine sand with several locations containing large amounts of gravel derived from nearby headlands and steep bedrock hills. The terrace sediments are interpreted to be deposited in back-barrier marine environments, such as a bay, very similar to the bays which presently exist on the northern Oregon coast. Interbedded with terrace sediments are peat horizons which represent buried marsh or forest surfaces. These peat horizons have gradational lower contacts and abrupt upper contacts with terrace sediments indicating that the marsh or forest surfaces formed gradually above sea level and were suddenly downdropped below sea level to be buried by bay sediments. Such features are consistent with a seismically active Cascadia subduction zone which produces interseismic coastal uplift and coseismic coastal subsidence.

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18

Runds, Megan Jean. "Sedimentology and depositional environment of a marine target, Southern Namibia: 3D stratigraphic architecture and diamond mineralisation potential." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28120.

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The world's largest diamond placer lies on the southwestern coast of Namibia, within the restricted area known as the Sperrgebiet, and comprises, amongst others, a series of Plio-Pleistocene to Holocene littoral deposits preserved onshore for >120 km northwards from the Orange River mouth. Through comprehensive seismic and sedimentological analysis, this study provides the first attempt at linking the well-documented onshore diamondiferous deposits of the Sperrgebiet with the submerged landscape of a diamondiferous marine target, called the Purple Target Area (PTA), situated beneath up to 70 m of seawater, some 3.5 km offshore of the onshore deposits. Four seismic units (A - D) have been identified on 2D seismic reflection profiles, and calibrated to lithological data from several boreholes. These have then been integrated into a detailed landscape evolution model for the PTA. The principal controls on the stratigraphic development of the PTA are rate of sediment input and relative sea-level (RSL) fluctuations. The latter is defined as the interplay of vertical tectonic changes in accommodation space and eustatic sea-level (ESL) fluctuations. The most noteworthy phase of deposition within the PTA basin is the normal regressive coarse gravel beaches trending shore parallel, with the primary gravel barrier and its preserved coeval back-barrier deposits exceeding 7 km in length. The approximate age of the PTA gravel beaches, due to a lack of absolute age constrains, are estimated with reference to their correlated water depths (palaeo-bathymetry) in relation to the ESL curve. Based on this approximation, the PTA gravel beaches have survived the transgression and erosive wave-ravinement processes associated with the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, which occurred between 19 and 7 ka before present. The preservation of the primary gravel barrier beach complex is linked here to a rapid RSL rise during the last transgression, namely Meltwater Pulse 1B. The smaller gravel beaches that are landward of the main barrier were partially preserved through overstepping, but endured more intense ravinement associated with the rapid RSL rise. The primary gravel barrier complex preserved the same cross-beach variability in clast shape sorting (disc/blades and spherical clasts consistent with the middle section and seaward section of the gravel beach, respectively) and back-barrier lagoonal facies identified laterally across the locally known ED barrier beach complex, preserved onshore 65 km south of the PTA. The sedimentary facies correspondence between the onshore and offshore deposits presents a rare opportunity to study the emplacement and preservation processes of gravel beach deposits on a high energy shelf. In addition, the diamond mineralisation potential of the offshore gravel beaches can be assessed with respect to the well-documented onshore diamondiferous beaches.

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19

Stukins, Stephen. "Spatial and temporal palynological trends in marginal marine depositional system : Lajas Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167073.

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In order to better understand the relationship of tidally dominated depositional environments and their palynological assemblages, the Middle Jurassic sediments of the Lajas Formation, Neuquén Basin were examined. The ambition was to present models and trends which can be used for studies of other such deposits. In order to integrate the palynoassemblages with the environment of deposition, additional granulometric data and nutrient data from XRF analysis were used in combination with the palynology. A new method using correspondence analysis was used for understanding the palaeoecology and floral dynamics. An updated, dynamic model for the Middle Jurassic floral palaeoecology of the Neuquén Basin has been presented and the drivers of floral succession are interpreted as disturbance tolerance and substrate water content. Taphonomic expressions of seral groupings show that later seral stage community palynomorphs are preferentially deposited within or close to distributary systems, whereas earlier seral stage palynomorphs are preferentially deposited in environments of greater accommodation space, such as bayfills. Taphonomic signatures, using palaeoecological groupings provide trends in low (4th/5th) order cycles and lateral variations relating to tidal channels and surrounding bayfill mudstones. A model for 4th/5th order boundaries is also presented using new interpretations of the distribution of pinaceous pollen and microforaminiferal test linings. Using Canonical Correspondence Ananlysis (CCA), a model is presented of depositional environments incorporating palynological data and granulometric proxies for grain size and grain sorting. The relationship between sediment processes in a tidal flat dominated palaeoenvironment and the hydrodynamic properties of some palynomorphs is investigated and presented. The weathering and nutrient status of the substrates throughout the Lajas Formation is presented using XRF proxy data. The proxies are also used with CCA to create nutrient related floral groupings. When plotted stratigraphically, these show cycles of eutrophication and subsequent weathering of the substrates.

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20

Mok, Wing-yan Connie. "Integrated sedimentological, geophysical and geotechnical study of inner shelf sediments in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35675172.

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21

Ross, Marcus R. "Richness trends of mosasaurs (diapsida, squamata) during the late Cretaceous /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3248241.

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22

Mok, Ka-man, and 莫嘉敏. "[Delta]¹³C as a palaeo-environmental indicator in a sediment core fromHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49770470.

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A study of marine palaeo-landscape development through a sediment core in the western Hong Kong waters has been carried out in this project as the sedimentation record could reflect the environmental changes during the Holocene period. The objectives of this study was to reveal the influences of Holocene post-glacial sea-level fluctuations and the monsoonal freshwater discharge changes to the sedimentation processes in the mouth region of the Pearl River Estuary. These are the two important factors which shape the palaeo-landscape development. Data has been obtained from a ground-truthing vibrocore to 35m below the seafloor at the south of the Shek Pik Reservoir, south Lantau Island. The sediment core was subsampled for elemental analysis to study the sources of the organic carbon by use of stable carbon isotope ratio (Ϭ13C) and for particle size analysis to reveal the energy state of the sedimentary environment. Shell fragments were chosen for radiocarbon analysis to construct the core chronology and marine seismic profiles were obtained to present the sub-bottom geological layers. The data is presented in the form of graphs and tables in showing the sediment changes along the core in different period of time. The data has been interpreted in relation to the knowledge of post-glacial sea-level rise and the proposed model of the Pearl River Estuary evolution from previous studies. Comparison is also made with other sediment cores around the Lantau Island to reveal the regional palaeo-environmental changes in the Holocene period. It is concluded that the sediment core has revealed four major phases of environmental change which is in general agreement with the previous studies except this data set has also shown a few localized climatic events in the mid-Holocene period. The sea-level low stand in the late Pleistocene had incised a network of drainage system on the exposed continental shelf which is the north South China Sea in present time. The rapid rising sea-level by Melt Water Pulse 1B filled the palaeo-valleys with alluvium deposits from 10600 to 9000 cal. yr BP at high sedimentation rate and the East Asian Monsoon was strengthened from 8800 to 5500 cal. yr BP as shown by the freshwater organic carbon deposited in the marine environment. Unconfined deposition occurred when the sediments spilled out of the palaeo-valleys and slowly covered the basin in stable sea-level and low hydrodynamic conditions.
published_or_final_version
Applied Geosciences
Master
Master of Science

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23

Murray-Wallace, Colin Vincent. "Evaluation and application of the amino acid racemisation reaction in studies of quaternary coastal and marine sediments in Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm9848.pdf.

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24

Hoffman, Cory Lane. "Evidence for Milankovitch orbital forcing in the Cretaceous upper Glen Rose Formation of the East Texas Basin and the Fort Terrett Formation of the Central Texas platform /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000.
Vita. Five folded charts in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 316-324). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

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25

Young, Elisa Joanna. "Mass-dependent and mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation in precambrian sediments as a key to early atmospheric and oceanic evolution /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19447.pdf.

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26

Davis, Laurence H. M. "Allostratigraphic interpretation of a modern coarse clastic barrier complex : depositional facies, processes and relative sea level relationships /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,60897.

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27

Stritch, Rebecca A. (Rebecca Ann) Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "Early Cretaceous (Albian) foraminifera in Northwestern and Central Alberta, Canada; biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes." Ottawa, 1997.

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28

Crerar, Erin Elizabeth. "Sedimentology and stratigraphic evolution of a tidally influenced marginal-marine complex: The Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation, Athabasca oil sands deposit, northeastern Alberta." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26464.

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Within the Lewis study area, McMurray Formation strata comprise 4 facies associations that form a depositional continuum of braided-fluvial (FA1), tidally-influenced braided- to low-accommodation meandering-fluvial and meandering-tidal channel-fills (FA2), associated overbank (FA3), and open-estuarine tidal flat deposits (FA4). The primary reservoir occurs in transgressive FA2 deposits. Lower-FA2 channels incise older water-wet FA1sand and consist of medium to locally-coarse, bitumen-saturated sand with rare to locally common pin-stripe laminated and/or 1--5 cm thick mud beds. Channels were initially confined by steep valley walls formed along the sub-Cretaceous unconformity. As a consequence, coeval interchannel sediment (FA3) was cannibalized by lateral channel migration and occurs only as common mud-clasts. The net result was the accumulation of a sand-rich, sheet-like deposit with locally-preserved fine-grained interchannel deposits, suggesting a high rate of lateral versus vertical accretion. With the filling and elimination of the irregular paleotopography along the unconformity, upper-FA2 channels became unconfined and formed thick, areally extensive inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) deposits. Similarly, coeval interchannel deposits are more widely-distributed and thickly preserved compared to underlying strata. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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29

Li, Bo. "Tidal channel meandering and salt marsh development in a marine transgressed incised valley system the Great Marsh at Lewes, Delaware /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 710 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1208133431&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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30

Grasby, Stephen E. (Stephen Edward). "Stratigraphy of the Miette group and tectonic history of the southern Selwyn Range, western Main Ranges, British Columbia." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60512.

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In the southern Selwyn Range, Hadrynian Miette Group strata form a thick conformable sequence. A distinctive carbonate unit in the middle Miette Group is assigned to the Old Fort Point Formation. Facies variations in the middle Miette Group, from grit dominated in the east to pelite dominated in the west, delineate a channel or fan lobe margin.
Structures in the southern Selwyn Range developed during three main phases of deformation. The Fraser River Antiform, the dominant structure, formed during D$ sb2$. The Selwyn Range Fault cross-cut the earlier Fraser River Antiform during early D$ sb3$. The Fraser River Antiform tightened during late D$ sb3$, when the Selwyn Range Fault was reactivated, forming a 100m thick shear zone. The Chatter Creek Fault (D$ sb3$ or latter) has compressional and dextral motion, both with minor displacement.
Metamorphism was initiated during D$ sb2$ and peaked during D$ sb3$.

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31

Luca, Pedro Henrique Vieira de 1983. "Processos de transporte e deposição de material clástico em sistemas depocisionais costeiro e de plataforma marinha dominados por ondas (formações Lagarto e Palmares, Brasil e Formação Punta Negra, Argentina)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287329.

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Orientador: Giorgio Basilici
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luca_PedroHenriqueVieirade_D.pdf: 18777385 bytes, checksum: c055caccb8a267d7dde58a2477d6acb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: As formações Lagarto e Palmares (Cambriano-Ordoviciano, Domínio Estância) e a Formação Punta Negra (Devoniano, Precordilheira Argentina) representam unidades sedimentares antigas desenvolvidas em ambientes marinhos costeiros e plataformais dominados pela ação de ondas de tempestades. Nesta tese de Doutorado, estudaram-se depósitos de tempestade formados em uma área de intermaré (formações Lagarto e Palmares) e depósitos de tempestade desenvolvidos abaixo da linha de tempo bom em uma área de prodelta (Formação Punta Negra). As formações Lagarto e Palmares se desenvolveram em uma área de planície de maré aberta em que os processos sedimentares de maré e de tempestade interagiram entre si na distribuição de sedimentos de áreas costeiras até antepraia. Um detalhado estudo de análise de fácies foi utilizado para reconhecer e caracterizar as litofácies e os elementos arquiteturais, gerar um modelo de deposição para estas unidades e para discutir os fatores de geração e preservação das HCS em água rasa. Baseando-se na organização arquitetural dos depósitos sedimentares, construiu-se um modelo de distribuição de sedimento em que há uma passagem gradativa das áreas proximais de intermaré superior, dominadas por processos de maré e predomínio de sedimentos nas frações silte e argila, para as porções distais de intermaré inferior, em que prevalecem sedimentos arenosos e depósitos de tempestade. A Formação Punta Negra constitui uma espessa unidade sedimentar formada pela intercalação entre camadas areníticas e pelíticas. Por muitos anos esta unidade foi interpretada como um sistema deposicional marinho profundo produto de uma sedimentação gerada por fluxos turbidíticos. Contudo, neste trabalho esta unidade foi reinterpretada como um sistema deposicional de prodelta dominado pela atividade de ondas de tempestade. Uma análise de detalhe dos depósitos sedimentares permitiu identificar as principais fácies sedimentares, icnofácies e elementos arquiteturais e gerar um novo modelo de deposição para esta unidade. Construiu-se um modelo de sedimentação para esta unidade em que os depósitos se desenvolveram a partir da interação entre fluxos hiperpicnais gerados à frente de um sistema deltaico e fluxos oscilatórios de alta energia decorrentes de eventos de tempestade. Estes fluxos combinados possuíam direção perpendicular à paleolinha de costa, e perdiam energia no tempo e no espaço (costa afora). Os depósitos com maior granulometria, representados por areia média média-fina, são encontrados nas porções mais proximais e os sedimentos mais finos, representados por corpos pelíticos-arenosos, se concentram principalmente nas áreas distais do sistema deposicional
Abstract: Lagarto and Palmares formations (Ordovician-Cambrian, Estância Domain) and the Punta Negra Formation (Devonian, Argentine Precordillera) represent ancient sedimentary units developed in costal and platform storm dominated marine environments. In this PHD thesis, it was studied shallow water storm deposits developed in an intertidal area (Lagarto and Palmares formations) and storm deposits developed below the fair water wave base in an prodelta area (Punta Negra Formation). Lagarto and Palmares formations have been developed in an open coast tidal flat where the tidal and storm sedimentary processes have interacted to distribute sediments from the coast till the shoreface. Detailed facies analysis was used to recognize and characterize the lithofacies and architectural elements, define a depositional model e the controlling factors that preserved HCS in shallow-water. Based in the depositional architectural organisation, it was proposed a sedimentary distribution model in which there is a gradational transition between the proximal areas of upper intertidal, dominated by tidal processes and silty and shaly sediments, and the distal areas of lower intertidal, in which prevails sandy sediments and storm deposits. Punta Negra Formation constitutes a thick unit composed of monotonous interbeds of sandstone and sandy mudstone. This unit was previously interpreted as a deep water depositional system, however in this research it was reinterpreted as a storm dominated prodeltaic system. Detailed analysis of the sedimentary deposits allowed identifying the main sedimentary facies, ichnofacies and architectural elements and propose a new depositional model for this unit. It was built a sedimentary model in which the Punta Negra Formation deposits have been produced by combined and oscillatory flows which resulted by the combination of hyperpicnal flows and storm waves. The generated combined flows had a direction perpendicular to the paleocoast and were characterized by losing energy in the time and space (seawards). Coarser grained sediments, represented by medium size sand, are found in the proximal area and the finer grained sediments are mainly found in the most distal areas of the sedimentary system
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutor em Ciências

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32

Hanson, Lindley S. "Stratigraphy of the Jo-Mary Mountain area: with emphasis on the sedimentary facies and tectonic interpretation of the Carrabassett Formation." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37160.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The sedimentary facies of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian Madrid, Carrabassett, and Seboomook Formations, exposed on the northwestern limb of the Kearsarge-Central Maine Synclinorium, belong the following facies categories: (1) sandstone-rich turbidites, (2) pelitic turbidites and related hemipelagites, and (3) disrupted facies. Lithofacies within each formation are organized into one or more descriptive facies associations--these are the: (1) massive sandstone, (2) thickbedded turbidite, (3) thin-bedded turbidite, (4} chaotic, (5) massive-pelite, and (6) laminated-pelite facies associations. Where strata are well exposed, and sedimentary structures and bed geometries are discernible, these descriptive facies can be discussed in terms of one or more interpretive associations (e .g. channel and channel-margin facies associations.) The Devonian Carrabassett Formation is the youngest widespread formation exposed in the Kearsarge - Central Maine Synclinorium. In the Jo-Mary Mountain quadrangle and surrounding area, the Carrabassett Formation is a complex facies assemblage dominated by fine-grained turbidite and chaotic facies. The underlying Upper Silurian Madrid Formation is composed largely of sandstone- and siltstone-rich turbidites. The younger Seboomook Formation is characterized by pelitic turbidite and related hemipelagic facies. A facies analysis of the Carrabassett and underlying Madrid Formations indicates that sediments were derived from eastern sources and deposited in northwesterly-migrating slope and foredeep environments during the Late Silurian and Early Devonian. Sedimentation is believed to have been partly diachronous, becoming progressively younger toward the northwest. Short term penecontemporaneous deposition probably occurred in different settings, such as along the axis of the foredeep basin (Madrid Fm.) and lower- to base-of-slope environment (Carrabassett Fm.). Olistostromes, shed from the lower slope, and thir bedded turbidites dominated later stages of basin sedimentation when the source of coarse clastics, supplied from the northeast, was shut off during the Early Devonian. These environments are interpreted in terms of an accretionary complex contemporaneous with initial stages of compression during the Acadian orogeny.
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BARTHOLOMEW, ALEXANDER. "CORRELATION OF HIGH ORDER CYCLES IN THE MARINE-PARALIC TRANSITION OF THE UPPER MIDDLE DEVONIAN (GIVETIAN) MOSCOW FORMATION, EASTERN NEW YORK STATE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022593337.

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Chan, Kin-chung, and 陳健忠. "The application and significance of sediment colour intensity on the study of offshore quaternary deposits." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577202.

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Busson, Jean. "Caractérisation et modélisation numérique des transferts gravitaires de la plate-forme au bassin en contexte carbonate." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0406/document.

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Cette thèse étudie les contrôles des processus gravitaires transférant la production carbonatée des plateformes vers les bassins. Ces travaux consistent en 1) une synthèse géologique de la sédimentation gravitaire dans les systèmes carbonatés et une typologie des configurations favorables pour le transfert distal de la production grossière 2) une méthodologie de modélisation numérique innovante combinant la modélisation stratigraphique forward et le calcul de la stratigraphie mécanique. Elle évalue les mécanismes d’instabilités au cours de l’évolution d’un système. Ces travaux s’appuient sur deux cas d’analogues Plio-Quaternaire: La pente occidentale sous-le-vent du Great Bahama Bank (GBB) et le système d’Exuma Sound/San Salvador, qui constitue une voie exceptionnelle de transport distal de sables carbonatés vers la plaine abyssale. Une caractérisation commune des processus de transferts gravitaires a été établie pour ces deux zones. Des essais œdométriques et de cisaillement triaxial ont été conduits pour obtenir les paramètres géomécaniques des sédiments. La méthodologie de modélisation numérique a été appliquée à un transect 2D de la pente occidentale du GBB sur l’intervalle 1,7-0 Ma. Elle précise le mécanisme de progradation de la marge sous-le-vent, liée au développement de prismes marginaux cimentés de bas-niveaux. La modélisation de la stratigraphie mécanique souligne le contrôle des instabilités gravitaires par la géométrie des dépôts et les surpressions de fluides. Celles-ci se développent sous l’effet des charges piézométriques transitoires dans la plate-forme émergée, favorisant la déstabilisation de la marge de la plate-forme
This PhD thesis focuses on the controls of the gravitational processes transferring the carbonate production of the platform towards the basins. This work consists in 1) a geological synthesis of the gravity-driven sedimentation in carbonate systems and a typology of favorable configurations for the distal transfer of coarse material 2) an innovative numerical modeling workflow combining the forward stratigraphic modeling and the computation of the mechanical stratigraphy. It estimates the instability mechanisms during the evolution of the system. This work is based on two Plio-Quaternary analog cases: The Great Bahama Bank (GBB) Western leeward slope and the Exuma Sound/San Salvador deep basin and major canyon system, which constitutes an exceptional conduit of distal transport of carbonate sands to the abyssal plain. A common characterization of gravitational transfer processes was established for these two zones. Oedometer and triaxial tests were conducted for the determination of geomechanical parameters of the sediments. The numerical modeling workflow was applied to a 2D transect of the western slope of the GBB over the 1.7-0 Ma interval. It precises the progradation mechanism of the leeward margin related to the development of marginal cemented lowstand wedges. The modeling of the mechanical stratigraphy underlines the control of the gravitational instabilities by the geometry of the platform and fluid overpressures. The latter develop under the effect of transient piezometric head in the emerged platform, promoting the destabilization of the platform margin

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Chan, Sik-lap Jacky, and 陳式立. "Paleocene deep-marine sediments in southern central Tibet: indication of an arc-continent collision." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38925862.

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McArthur, Adam D. "Temporal and spatial relationships of syn-rift, deep-marine hangingwall stratigraphy : examples from the Upper Jurassic of the Inner Moray Firth and the Central North Sea." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=191932.

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Sedimentological and palynological datasets have been integrated to improve the understanding of syn-rift, deep-marine hanging wall strata. Upper Jurassic fault scarps were examined from Inner Moray Firth (IMF) outcrops and subsurface data from the Central Graben. Reduced sand supply recorded in IMF sediments, comprising siltstones, sandstones and breccias with Devonian clasts, was investigated by logging of 970 m of outcrop, provenance and palynological analysis, identifying three factors: exhumation of resistant footwall strata; climate change and sea-level rise. Sedimentation rates and lithofacies distribution identified an initial turbidite prone syn-rift phase; MTC dominated rift climax and late stage rifting when sedimentation declined. Thirty-two palynological samples determined palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment variations; documenting change from humid-temperate to semi-arid. The nature of debris flows implies trigger by earthquakes and their frequency describes three phases of tectonism; turbidites are not distal MTC expressions but correlate with sea-level falls. Temporal and spatial relationships of MTCs and sandstones adjacent to the Josephine Ridge were investigated. One hundred and twenty one palynological samples were used to indicate subaerial exposure of the Judy Horst; Jade remained submerged, with implications for Central Graben palaeogeography. Seismic studies suggest footwall collapse of the horsts provided MTCs. Wireline signatures from sixteen wells and 116.7 m of core demonstrate a Triassic provenance for the MTCs. Distally the massive Freshney Sandstone is interpreted as gravity flow deposits; petrographic and HM studies indicate it was not sourced from the Josephine Ridge. Biostratigraphy shows sandstones were deposited during initial rifting; pre-dating MTCs, which are not predicted to have damaged the reservoir interval due to their non-erosive nature. This study has disentangled the effects of relative sea-level change and growth faulting in rift basins. Rift stages have been identified independently from multiple datasets. The effect of climate change on rift basin stratigraphy has been highlighted and changing footwall lithology has been shown to have a major impact on the development of siliciclastic sediments.

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Moros, León Josè Saul. "Reservoir geometry and architecture in Ordovican fluvio-marine sandstones : P3B unit, Pacoota formation, Amadeus Basin, Central Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37017/1/37017_Moros%20Leon_1998_v1.pdf.

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Detailed facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic principles applied to outcrop and subsurface data have aided in the development of a reservoir geological model for the Pacoota P3B Unit at the Mereenie Field, Central Australia. Mereenie is a linear Northwest/southeast trending oil and gas field 4 km wide and 35 km long, and covers an area of approximately 130 km2. In this field, oil and gas are produced from some of the oldest known petroleum reservoirs in the word: reservoirs approximately 500Ma. The Ordovician Pacoota P3B Unit, is part of an overall transgressive succession which records the transition from non-marine to marine environments in the northeastern margin of the Amadeus Basin. This transgression was punctuated by episodic events of rapid sea level rise and periods of sea level fall. The resulting vertical succession consists of three Fourth-order deltaic sequences formed by the regular alternation of sand-prone, non-marine sediments with marine mud/sand-prone deposits that prograded northeast as the basin subsided. Unlike previous investigations, this study recognizes four distinct types of sandstone facies associations within the broad braid delta system that characterizes the Pacoota P3B Unit. Facies Association 1 records the depositional characteristics of a distal braid plain that was dominated by episodic sheetflood events. Facies Association 2 reflects a sudden change in fluvial style from fine-grained sheetflood lobes to a coarse to pebbly-grained braid-delta system during a short-lived regressive phase. With time, this basal braid-delta system evolved into a tide-influenced braid plain indicating a transgressive phase. Facies Association 3 records the abrupt change from fluvial to tidal processes. This association is interpreted as the product of a tide-dominated delta front that prograded northeast. The palaeoenvironment of Facies Association 4 is interpreted as the fill of a wide incised fluvial valley system, which marked the end of fluvial sedimentation at the margin of the Amadeus Basin during the Ordovician. This association is capped by the transgressive marine deposits of the Pacoota P3A Unit. These four facies associations represent a complex network of depositional environments that results from the deposition of superimposed sandy, deltaic systems affected by tidal currents. The vertical facies evolution is punctuated by erosional sequence boundaries. The development of a detailed stratigraphic framework allows the Pacoota P3B Unit to be subdivided into five correlative intervals that define reservoir compartments in the Mereenie Field. These reservoir compartments are bounded by key stratigraphic surfaces and represent the lowstand (LST), transgressive (I'ST) and highstand (HST) systems tracts of the Fourth-order sequences defined within the P3B Unit. Maximum reservoir quality is associated with amalgamated fluvial sandstones that define the LST of each sequence. Marginal to impermeable reservoir characteristics occur within the tidally-influenced TST and HST. From base to top reservoir intervals are: P3-250, P3-230, P3-190, P3-150 and P3-120/130. Of these, the lowstand P3-120/130, P3-230 and P3-250 Reservoir Intervals are the most prolific producers. The transgressive to highstand P3-150 and P3-190 Reservoir Intervals are considered as not economically profitable for hydrocarbon exploitation. Petrophysical characterization of lithofacies types observed in the succession indicate that within each compartment, depositional facies exert the primary control on reservoir properties. Flow units are associated with tabular, cross-bedded sandstones. Permeability barriers are associated with bidirectional cross-beds, parallellaminated sandstones, soft-sediment deformed sandstones and bioturbated beds. During transgression the upper part of the lowstand fluvial system was sheared off resulting in a transgressive surface capping the fluvial deposits. Reworked fluvial sediments were redeposited as reversing tidal flows above the lowstand intervals. These deposits, interpreted as neap-spring tidal cycles, consist of alternating sand and silt/mud and bioturbated beds. In this setting, intense bioturbation generate sediment mixing destroying the reservoir properties of this interval. Additionally the areally continuous and impermeable silt/shale intervals of the tidal deposits contributed to the vertical barriers to flow in the reservoir. This study illustrates how facies analysis and high resolution sequence stratigraphy can be applied to improve reservoir characterization in fluvio-marine successions deposited before the existence of land vegetation. In the Mereenie Field, these concepts have been successfully applied to: i) recognize with confidence all correlative reservoir intervals and ·ii) identify, orientate and map the LST of the Fourth-order sequences which represent the major reservoir intervals of the P3B Unit.

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Hayward, Nathan. "Marine geophysical study of the Eurasian-African plate boundary in the vicinity of Gorringe Bank." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2ca90ad-c2e3-4495-97da-f5cc8bcf1e74.

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The Gorringe Bank region is located at the eastern end of the Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary, which plate kinematic studies show to progressively change from extension at the Azores, through pure right lateral strike slip at the Gloria fault to compression at Gibraltar. The region is dominated by high relief (4-5 km), highly deformed, uncompensated, ENE-WSW trending seamounts and intervening abyssal plains with basin sediment thicknesses in excess of 4 km and minimal surface deformation. Gorringe Bank, which was formed by overthrusting of the African plate upon the Eurasian plate at about 10 Ma along the plate boundary, is supported in part by exure of the Eurasian plate, as indicated by pre-loading sediments and basement to the north which are tilted towards Gorringe Bank. Broken plate models show the Eurasian plate to have an elastic thickness of about 35 km which is in agreement with that expected for the crustal age (130-135 Ma) at the time of loading. Coral Patch Ridge was formed by a combination of thrust faulting and whole crustal buckling resulting from the past 20 Ma compression and was partially uplifted before deposition of an olistostrome in the Middle Miocene. Recent compressional deformation is distributed over a wide region, as indicated by the dispersed shallow seismicity and has a trend which rotates from approximately N45oE to N70oE from west to east across the region, near perpendicular to westward verging plate motion vectors. The majority of extensional and strike-slip deformation is explained by a regional strike-slip strain ellipse model, including an antithetic NNE-SSW strike slip fault between Gettysburg and Hirondelle seamounts which marks the boundary between the Eastern and Western Horseshoe Basins. Isostatic models for the Madeira-Tore Rise, which initially formed at the Mid Atlantic Ridge, give an elastic thickness of approximately 15 km indicating that significant material was added to the Rise as it moved away from the Ridge.

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Chiti, Bernardo. "Holocene fluvial and marine influences and settlement interactions in the lower Ribble Valley, Lancashire, U.K." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1805.

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The evolution of the lower course and estuary of the river Ribble (Lancashire, U.K.) during the Holocene is the object of study, along with the history of sediment fluxes in them and their influence on past human settlements. Investigation of the valley floor geomorphology and terrace fill stratigraphy and sedimentology, as well as palaeoecological analysis and a number of 14C essays, allowed the reconstruction of Late Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial history and chronology of a reach at the transition point between fluvial and estuarine influences; the archaeological evidence is evaluated in this context. Alluviation and incision cycles led to the formation of four river terraces. The oldest terrace, rich in coarse-grained materials, seems to be of Pleistocene age. 14C dating on the second terrace would point to an Earliest Holocene or Younger Dryas age; the fill, however, comprises abundant fine-grained overbank sediments. Large parts of the unit were reworked during a phase of lateral channel activity that occurred prior to ca. 8900 cal BP; between then and ca. 6900 cal BP the river underwent meander cut-offs, after which limited lateral activity occurred. New alluviation occurred around 4700 cal BP, possibly related to the aggradation of the third terrace, though its fill is only certainly known, from archaeological evidence, to be of pre-Roman age. Channel size increase occurred by the time the terrace was deposited. The fill features abundant clayey sediments; it was incised at or after the end of the Roman period. The last terrace was deposited in the late first millennium AD mainly as overbank silts, and has since been incised again. Fluvial response appears mainly related to climate changes, river activity corresponding to shifts to wetter, cooler climate. Human action likely enhanced fluvial response in the historical period, leading to post-Roman incision and deposition. There seems to be a good connection between sediment production in the catchment and deposition downstream. Local factors also show a major importance in determining river response. Early Holocene fluvial history finds no match in other Northern English rivers; a different response to the same climate changes is apparent, possibly related to differences in sediment supply conditions. No clear evidence is found supporting an influence of sea-level change on river processes. On the other hand, it appears plausible river sediment input has a driving influence in enhancing or causing minor regressions recorded on the estuary. The conditions existing in Roman times could have allowed access from the sea to the Roman sites at the upper end of the Ribble estuary and by its North shore; a relative sea-level minimum could have caused a shift of focus in naval traffic from the former to the latter site.

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Stretch, Gordon W. "The southern termination of the Main Ranges and Western Ranges of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, stratigraphy, structural geology, and tectonic implications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20704.pdf.

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Feser, Kelsey M. "Utilizing the Subfossil Record of Seagrass-Associated Mollusks to Reveal Recent Changes in Coastal Marine Environments." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439304534.

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Ranson, Andrew M. "Transitional Facies and Sequence Stratigraphic Complexity of Shallow-Marine Star Point Formation to Coastal-Plain Blackhawk Formation Along Depositional-Strike, Wasatch Plateau, Utah." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1476.

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Facies and stratigraphic architecture right at the transition from marine to non-marine environments is poorly documented. In the Cretaceous outcrops of Utah, Star Point and Blackhawk Formations are well studied. The nature of spatio-temporal transition of these two Formations, in the deposition-strike orientation, remains undocumented. This study characterizes facies and stratigraphic complexity at the transition of the two Formations that crop out in depositional-strike orientation in the Wasatch Plateau. Data from outcrop including photomosiacs and measured sections demonstrate this complexity at a range of scales. The Star Point constitutes a shoreface environment. The Blackhawk constitutes a coastal-fluvial environment. In the northern part of study area, the transition from marine to continental strata is expressed by intertonguing succession. The dip-oriented outcrops show pinch-outs of two parasequences into coastal-plain deposits. This complexity decreases southward, the southern outcrops show a simple transition. At least two sequence boundaries are correlated across the outcrop belt.

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Mok, Wing-yan Connie, and 莫穎恩. "Integrated sedimentological, geophysical and geotechnical study of inner shelf sediments in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35675172.

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Udgata, Devi Bhagabati Prasad. "DEPOSITIONAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MARINE, GREEN-CLAY, MINERAL FACIES IN THE LOWER-MIDDLE MISSISSIPPIAN BORDEN AND FORT PAYNE FORMATIONS, WESTERN APPALACHIAN AND EASTERN ILLINOIS BASINS, KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/808.

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Detailed study of strata associated with the glauconite-rich Floyds Knob Bed in the western Appalachian and eastern Illinois basins have corroborated previous interpretations that the unit is a widespread, largely synchronous marker horizon. However, in some areas there are multiple glauconite beds; in others a distinct bed is lacking, but the glauconite is dispersed throughout many beds, forming an interval rather than a distinct bed. In Kentucky and adjacent states, the Floyds Knob interval, in upper parts of the Lower-Middle Mississippian Borden-Grainger delta sequence and in lower parts of the Fort Payne carbonate sequence, was deposited at the end of loading-type relaxation during a flexural cycle in the Neoacadian (final) tectophase of the Acadian Orogeny. Tectonic influence, combined with a major late Osagean sea-level lowstand, created conditions that generated sediment starvation and shallower seas across widespread parts of the western Appalachian and eastern Illinois basins. In the absence of major sediment influx, glauconite was deposited uniformly across many major depositional settings, ranging from delta-platform to basinal environments. Especially important, however, is the newly reported occurrence of the Floyds Knob interval in basinal Fort Payne environments from south-central Kentucky, where it is represented by a thick, pelletal, glauconite-rich horizon that separates clastics at the base of the Fort. Payne Formation from carbonates at top. The study also provides the first-ever radiometric dating of the Floyds Knob glauconites, which suggests a late Osagean origin. These results support the existing biostratigraphic studies that point to a late Osagean origin for the Floyds Knob interval.

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Megner-Allogo, Alain-Cedrique. "Sedimentology and stratigraphy of deep-water reservoirs in the 9A to 14A Sequences of the central Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17400.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Barremian to Albian siliciclastic deep-water deposits of the central Bredasdorp Basin were investigated primarily in terms of their stratigraphic evolution, depositional characteristics and facies distribution. Cores from the deep-water deposits reveal that the facies successions are composed of massive, ripple cross- to parallel-laminated sandstones, conglomerate, massive claystone, alternating laminated to interbedded sandstone/siltstone and claystone, laminated and clay-rich siltstone. These facies are grouped into channel-fill, sheet-lobe, overbank and basin plain deposits, by inference. The application of sequence stratigraphy, based on gamma ray and resistivity log patterns, reveals that all 3rd-order depositional sequences comprise 4thorder cycles. The latter are subdivided into three components (lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts), based on vertical facies changes and internal stratigraphic key surfaces. Taking the 13Amfs as the stratigraphic datum for each well, correlation was possible on a regional basis. Lowstand deposits, comprising thick amalgamated massive sandstones, were interpreted to represent channelfills. Their vertical and horizontal stacking forms channel-fill complexes above Type 1 unconformities. Adjacent thin-bedded intervals, comprising parallel- to ripple cross-laminated sandstones, were interpreted as levee/overbank deposits, whereas clay-rich intervals were interpreted to represent basin plain deposits of hemipelagic origin. Facies associations and their distribution have revealed that channel-fills are associated with overflow deposits and sheet sand units. These deposits, as well as downdip sheet sands associated with small channel-fills within the 9A, 11A/12A, 13A Sequences and the 14A Sequence were interpreted to have been deposited in a middle fan to upper fan setting. A similar association occurs in the 10A Sequence, except that thick conglomerate units are present at the base of proximal channel-fills. This led to interpret the 10A Sequence as being deposited in a base-of-slope to upper fan setting. The thickness of each sequence, as revealed by isochore maps, shows sinuous axial flow path which corresponds to channel-fill conduit. The continuous decrease of this sinuosity upward in the succession was interpreted as being related to basin floor control along the main sand fairways. Successive flows result in erosion-fill-spill processes, which locally favour connectivity of reservoirs over large areas. Recognition of higher-order sequences and key stratigraphic surfaces helps to understand internal stratigraphic relationships and reveals a complex and dynamic depositional history for 3rd-order sequences. However, sparse well control and uneven distribution of boreholes, as well as lack of seismic and other data, limited the models derived for this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Barremiaanse tot Albiaanse silisiklastiese diepwater afsettings van die sentrale Bredasdorp Kom is hoofsaaklik in terme van stratigrafiese evolusie, afsettingskarakteristieke en fasies distribusie ondersoek. Kerne van die diepwater afsettings toon dat die fasies opeenvolgings uit massiewe, riffelkruis- tot parallel-gelamineerde sandstene, konglomerate, massiewe kleistene, afwisselende gelamineerde tot intergelaagde sandstene/slikstene en kleistene, sowel as gelamineerde en klei-ryke slikstene bestaan. Hierdie fasies word onderverdeel in kanaalopvulsel, plaatlob, oewerwal en komvlakte afsettings. Die toepassing van opeenvolgingsstratigrafie gebaseer op gammastraal en resistiwiteit log patrone toon dat alle 3de-orde afsettingsopeenvolgings uit 4deorde siklusse bestaan. Laasgenoemde word onderverdeel in drie komponente (lae-stand, transgressie en hoë-stand sisteemgedeeltes), gebaseer op vertikale fasies veranderinge en interne stratigrafiese sleutel vlakke. Korrelasie op ‘n regionale basis is moontlik gemaak deur die 13Amfs as die stratigrafiese verwysing vir elke boorgat te neem. Lae-stand afsettings, wat uit dik saamgevoegde massiewe sandstene bestaan, word geïnterpreteer as kanaalopvulsels. Die vertikale en horisontale stapeling van die sandstene vorm kanaalopvulsel komplekse bo Tipe 1 diskordansies. Naasliggende dungelaagde intervalle, wat uit parallel- tot kruisgelaagde sandstene bestaan, word geïnterpreteer as oewerwal afsettings, terwyl klei-ryke intervalle geïnterpreteer word as verteenwoordigend van komvlakte afsettings van hemipelagiese oorsprong. Fasies assosiasies en hul verspreiding toon dat kanaalvul geassosieër word met oorvloei afsettings en plaatsand eenhede. Hierdie afsettings, sowel as distale plaatsande geassosieër met klein kanaalopvulsels binne die 9A, 11A/12A, 13A en die 14A Opeenvolgings, word geïnterpreteer as afgeset in ‘n middelwaaier tot bo-waaier omgewing. ‘n Soortgelyke assosiasie bestaan in die 10A Opeenvolging, behalwe dat dik konglomeraat eenhede teenwoordig is by die basis van proksimale kanaalopvullings. Dit het gelei tot die interpretasie van die 10A Opeenvolging as afgeset in ‘n basis-van-helling tot bo-waaier omgewing. Die dikte van elke opeenvolging, soos verkry vanaf isochoor kaarte, toon ‘n kronkelende aksiale vloeipad wat ooreenkom met ‘n kanaalopvulling toevoerkanaal. Die aaneenlopende afname van hierdie kronkeling na bo in die opeenvolging word geïnterpreteer as verwant aan komvloer-beheer langs die hoof sand roetes. Opeenvolgende vloeie veroorsaak erosie-opvul-oorspoel prosesse, wat lokaal die konnektiwiteit van reservoirs oor groot areas bevoordeel. Herkenning van hoër-orde opeenvolgings en sleutel stratigrafiese vlakke dra by tot ‘n goeie begrip van die interne stratigrafiese verhoudings en ontbloot ‘n komplekse en dinamiese afsettingsgeskiedenis vir 3de-orde opeenvolgings. Beperkte boorgatbeheer en ‘n tekort aan seismiese en ander data het egter ‘n beperkende rol gespeel in die daarstel van modelle vir hierdie studie.

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Nicholl, Joseph Anthony Leo. "Changes in ice sheet dynamics across the mid-Pleistocene transition recorded in North Atlantic sediments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648858.

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Coskun, Tunaboylu Burcu. "Sedimentary Cyclicity And Micropaleontological Investigations In The Upper Triassic Shallow Marine Carbonate Successions (central And Western Taurides, Turkey)." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609338/index.pdf.

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Shallowing-upward meter-scale cycles (parasequences) consisting of megalodont-bearing limestones or clay levels at the bottom and fenestral limestones, breccias, stromatolites or vadose pisoids at the top constitute the basic working units of the Upper Triassic successions in the Central and Western Taurides. These cycles are mainly represented by subtidal through supratidal carbonate facies and known as Lofer cycles in the literature. The presence of breccias, mud cracks, dissolution vugs and vadose pisoids indicates subaerially exposed conditions at the top of the cycles. Shallowing-upward meter-scale cycles are interpreted as 4th and 5th order cycles in this study. Megalodont-bearing limestones of the subtidal zone are characterized by wackestones/packstones with abundant involutinids. However, involutinids are poorly represented in the intertidal-supratidal zone. To determine the relationship between cyclicity and foraminifers, the vertical variation of benthic foraminifer abundance has been analysed in the cycles. This analysis leads us to conclude that the foraminiferal abundance decreases from subtidal through supratidal zone. Furthermore, cluster analysis was performed in order to delineate the relation between the biofacies and foraminiferal associations. Micropaleontological analysis of the uppermost Triassic carbonates reveals the presence of restricted platform foraminiferal associations in the studied successions. Foraminiferal associations discovered in the samples belong to the Upper Norian (Sevatian)-Rhaetian Triasina hantkeni assemblage zone. Detailed examination of peritidal carbonates in the Central and Western Taurides against the studies, which claimed that the Dachstein-type platform carbonates are characterized by the transgressive models, should be explained by regressive models.

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Al-Ramadan, Khalid. "Impact of Diagenetic Alterations on Reservoir Quality and Heterogeneity of Paralic and Shallow Marine Sandstones : Links to Depositional Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6928.

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This thesis constrains the distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality and heterogeneity evolution pathways in relation to depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy (systems tracts and key sequence stratigraphic surfaces) of four selected paralic and shallow marine siliciclastic successions.

Typical eogenetic alterations encountered include the dissolution and kaolinitization of framework silicates, which are closely associated to shoreface facies of forced regressive systems tract (FRWST), lowstand systems tract (LST), upper part of the highstand systems tract (HST), and below the sequence boundary (SB). These alterations are attributed to incursion of meteoric water owing to rapid and considerable fall in the relative sea level. Extensive carbonate cementation is most evident below marine and maximum flooding surfaces (MFS), whereas dissolution of carbonate cement and detrital dolomite occur in LST, HST and below SB. Parameters controlling the patterns and texture (microcrystalline vs. poikilotopic) of calcite cement have been constrained within sequence stratigraphic framework of the sandstones. Coarse crystalline to poikilotopic calcite textures of meteoric water origin are thus closely linked to the FRWST, LST and upper part of the HST sandstones and occur mainly as stratabound concretions, whereas microcrystalline calcite, which was precipitated from marine porewaters, occurs as continuously cemented layers in the transgressive systems tract (TST) and lower part of the HST sandstones.

Eogenetic alterations impose, in turn, profound control on the distribution pattern of mesogenetic alterations, and hence on reservoir quality evolution (destruction vs. preservation) pathways of sandstones. Eogenetic infiltrated clays, which occur in the tidal estuarine TST and HST sandstones, have helped preserving porosity in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs (≈ 5 km) through inhibition of extensive cementation by quartz overgrowths. Other essential findings of this thesis include deciphering the control on the formation of authigenic illite and chlorite by ultra-thin (≤ 1 µm thick), grain-coating clay mineral substrate.

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Hlal, Osama Ahmed. "Diagenesis and Reservoir-Quality Evolution of Paralic, Shallow Marine and Fluvio-lacustrine Deposits : Links to Depositional Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Berggrundsgeologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8986.

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Linking diagenesis to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy enables better prediction of spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations, and thus of evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones. This thesis demonstrates that employing this approach is possible because depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy can provide useful information on parameters controlling the near-surface diagenesis, such as changes in: (i) pore-water chemistry, (ii) residence time of sediments under certain geochemical conditions, (iii) detrital composition and proportion of extra- and intra-basinal grains, and (iv) types and amounts of organic matter. Evidence from four case studies enabled the development of conceptual models for distribution of diagenetic alterations and of their impact on evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones deposited in paralic, shallow marine and fluvio-lacustrine environments. Diagenetic alterations that have been constrained within the context of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy include: (i) carbonate cement (microcrystalline and equant calcite spars dolomite over poikilotopic calcite), pyrite and glaucony are most abundant in progradational braid-delta fan sequences, particularly along the topsets (i.e. maxiumum flooding surface, MFS) and along parasequences boundaries in the deltaic facies of the early highstand systems tract HST, (ii) cementation by coarse spar calcite, dolomite, and the formation of moldic porosity by the dissolution of framework carbonate grains are most abundant in the aggradational fan deltas sequences, (iii) eogenetic kaolinitization of framework silicates is largely restricted to the fluvial and paralic HST sandstones, whereas telogenetic kaolinite may occur in the transgressive systems tract TST sandstones too, (iv) formation of goethite ooids in the TST sediments, (v) formation of glaucony, siderite spherules, and extensive grain-coatings, grain-replacing and ooidal berthierine, more in the TST than in the HST sediments, particularly below the transgressive surface TS and MFS, (vi) cementation by calcite with (δ18OV-PDB = -11.5‰ to -5.4‰) and Fe-dolomite/ankerite (δ18OV-PDB = -10.8‰ to -9.6‰) occurs in both TST and HST sandstones, (vii) syntaxial quartz overgrowths are most extensive in the HST sandstones owing to the presence of incomplete grain-coating berthierine/chlorite, (viii) greater amounts of micro-porosity in the TST sandstones than in the HST sandstones are related to the greater amounts of berthierine/chlorite in the former sandstones, and (ix) chlorite rims around quartz grains retarded the precipitation of quartz overgrowths, and hence prevented a greater loss of primary intergranular porosity in fluvio-lacustrine sandstones. Therefore, constraining the distribution of diagenetic alterations in the contexts of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic context is a powerful approach to be used in hydrocarbon exploration.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geology, stratigraphic – Maine'

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