Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geology, stratigraphic – Maine

Academic literature on the topic 'Geology, stratigraphic – Maine'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Geology, stratigraphic – Maine"

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Rickards, R. B., and John Riva. "Glyptograptus? persculptus (Salter), its tectonic deformation, and its stratigraphic significance for the Carys Mills Formation of N.E. Maine, U.S.A." Geological Journal 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2007): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350160402.

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Loiselle, Marc, and Woodrow B. Thompson. "The Geology of Maine." Rocks & Minerals 62, no. 6 (November 1987): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1987.11762692.

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Kley, Ronald. "The Maine State Museum." Rocks & Minerals 62, no. 6 (November 1987): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1987.11762697.

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Megaw, Peter K. M. "The Maine Mineral & Gem Museum, Bethel, Maine: A Hidden Gem in the Woods." Rocks & Minerals 95, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2020.1689334.

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Caldwell, Dabney W., and Duncan M. FitzGerald. "Origin of lake-outlet deltas in Maine." Sedimentary Geology 99, no. 2 (October 1995): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(95)00012-w.

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Burbank, Benjamin B. "Topaz and Herderite at Topsham, Maine." Rocks & Minerals 62, no. 6 (November 1987): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1987.11762701.

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Francis, Carl A. "Minerals of the Topsham, Maine, Pegmatite District." Rocks & Minerals 62, no. 6 (November 1987): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1987.11762696.

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Falster, Alexander U., William B. Simmons, Karen L. Webber, Donald A. Dallaire, James W. Nizamoff, and Raymond A. Sprague. "The Emmons Pegmatite, Greenwood, Oxford County, Maine." Rocks & Minerals 94, no. 6 (October 10, 2019): 498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2019.1641021.

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Vagner, Kimberly. "Fifth Women’s Mineral Retreat: Hunting Tourmaline in Maine." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 5 (August 22, 2022): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2074256.

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Wise, Michael A., and Jeffrey E. Post. "The Roebling Apatite, Pulsifer Quarry, Androscoggin County, Maine." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.1989946.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geology, stratigraphic – Maine"

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Hogan, John Patrick. "Mineralogical, chemical and isotopic diversity in plutonic rock suites from the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province : the role of source region heterogeneity, tectonic setting and magmatic processes /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08082007-114045/.

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Hogan, John Patrick. "Mineralogical, chemical and isotopic diversity in plutonic rock suites from the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province:the role of source region heterogeneity, tectonic setting and magmatic processes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39074.

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This dissertation represents an investigation of the mid-Paleozoic tectono-thermal and kinematic evolution of the crust in eastern coastal Maine as recorded by the plutonic rocks of this region. The first chapter describes the plutonic rocks of the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province. A tectonic model is developed in which late Ordovician-Silurian bimodal magmatism is interpreted to reflect crustal melting as a result of intraplating of mantle melts at high crustal levels during a period of tension. Large scale melting of lower crustal source regions, represented by voluminous intrusion of Devonian granites, reflects a period of transpression during which upwelling mantle melts were confined to the base of the crust. The diversity of granitic plutons reflects changes in the mineral assemblages present during partial melting, and in some instances, modification as a result of mixing/mingling with mantle melts. The second chapter examines the effect of accessory minerals on the initial Pb isotopic signature of anatectic granites. Their initial Pb isotopic composition reflects (a) the age, type, modal distribution, and heterogeneity in the initial U and Th content of the accessory phase(s) present in the source, (b) variation in melt composition and temperature during partial melting, (c) the fraction of the source melted, and (d) the extent to which the melt is homogenized prior to crystallization. It is shown that granitic plutons derived by crustal anatexis of a common source material are not required to have similar initial lead isotopic compositions. The third chapter presents the results of a Pb isotopic investigation of selected plutonic rocks from the Coastal Maine MagmaticProvince. This study was designed to test and refine petrogenetic models presented in Chapter 1. The Pb isotopic signature of the granitic plutons reveals the presence of two lithologically heterogeneous source regions beneath the Avalon Composite Terrane. The upper crustal source region has an mean V-Pb age of -2.0 Ga and the high 207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb characteristic of Avalonian crust. The lower crustal source region has an average U-Pb age of -1.3 Ga and lower 207Pb/204Pb. This source region may represent either the autochthonous basement to the Avalon platform or the eastern extension of the basement to the Gander Terrane of central Maine.
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Lee, Kristen M. "Late Quaternary Sea-Level Lowstand Environmetns and Chronology of Outer Saco Bay, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LeeKM2006.pdf.

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Metcalfe, Elisabet Joan. "Late-glacial through Holocene Stratigraphy and Lake-level Record of Rangely Lake, Western Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MetcalfeEJ2007.pdf.

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Guzmán, Espinal José Ignacio. "Miocene stratigraphy and depositional framework of northeastern Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela : implications for reservoir heterogeneity prediction in tectonically-active settings /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Fang, Qing. "Biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Yegua Formation, Houston salt embayment, northern Gulf of Mexico /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Rougvie, James Russell. "Metamorphism in the northern Park Range of Colorado : fluid-rock interactions and thermobarometry /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Liu, Qunling. "Post mid-Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy and depositional history of northeastern Gulf of Mexico /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Abbott, James T. "Late Quaternary alluviation and soil erosion in Southern Italy /." Digital version accessible at:, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Rodriguez, Luis Oswaldo. "Tectonic analysis, stratigraphy and depositional history of the Miocene sedimentary section, Central Eastern Venezuela basin /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Books on the topic "Geology, stratigraphic – Maine"

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United States Geological Survey. Migration of the Acadian Orogen and Foreland Basin across the Northern Appalachians of Maine and adjacent areas. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Missimer, T. M. Late Oligocene to Pliocene evolution of the central portion of the south Florida platform: Mixing of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Geological Survey, 2002.

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Kelly, Michael. Quaternary, pre-Holocene, marine events of western Greenland. Copenhagen: Grønlands geologiske undersøgelse, 1986.

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Kelly, Michael. Quaternary, pre-Holocene, marine events of western Greenland. Copenhagen, Denmark: Geological Survey of Greenland, 1986.

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Szczepańska, Teresa. Geochemia osadów czwartorzędowych i skład chemiczny wód interstycjalnych południowego Bałtyku w powiązaniu ze stratygrafią =: Geochemical properties of the quaternary sediments and chemical composition of the interstitial waters of the South Baltic Sea in relation to stratigraphy. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, 1993.

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Nathan, Yaacov. Carbon and sulfur relationships in marine Senonian, organic rich, iron poor sediments from Israel: A case study : final report. [Jerusalem]: State of Israel, Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Division of Research and Development, 1991.

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Brehme, Isa. Sedimentfazies und Bodenwasserstrom am Kontinentalhang des nordwestlichen Weddellmeeres =: Sediment facies and bottomwater current on the continental slope in the northwestern Weddell Sea. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1992.

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Khain, Viktor Efimovich. Historical geotectonics. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1996.

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Khain, Viktor Efimovich. Historical geotectonics. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1996.

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Khain, Viktor Efimovich. Historical geotectonics. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geology, stratigraphic – Maine"

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Al-Helal, Anwar, Yaqoub AlRefai, Abdullah AlKandari, and Mohammad Abdullah. "Subsurface Stratigraphy of Kuwait." In The Geology of Kuwait, 27–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16727-0_2.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews the subsurface stratigraphy of Kuwait targeting geosciences educators. The lithostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy of the reviewed formations (association of rocks whose components are paragenetically related to each other, both vertically and laterally) followed the formal stratigraphic nomenclature in Kuwait. The exposed stratigraphic formations of the Miocene–Pleistocene epochs represented by the Dibdibba, Lower Fars, and Ghar clastic sediments (Kuwait Group) were reviewed in the previous chapter as part of near-surface geology. In this chapter, the description of these formations is based mainly on their subsurface presence. The description of the subsurface stratigraphic formations in Kuwait followed published academic papers and technical reports related to Kuwait’s geology or analog (GCC countries, Iraq and Iran) either from the oil and gas industry or from different research institutions in Kuwait and abroad. It is also true that studies related to groundwater aquifer systems also contribute to our understanding of the subsurface stratigraphy of Kuwait for the shallower formations. The majority of the published data were covered the onshore section of Kuwait. The subsurface stratigraphic nomenclature description is based on thickness, depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy, the nature of the sequence boundaries, biostratigraphy, and age. The sedimentary strata reflect the depositional environment in which the rocks were formed. Understanding the characteristics of the sedimentary rocks will help understand many geologic events in the past, such as sea-level fluctuation, global climatic changes, tectonic processes, geochemical cycles, and more, depending on the research question. The succession of changing lithological sequences is controlled by three main factors; sea-level change (eustatic sea level), sediment supply, and accommodation space controlled by regional and local tectonics influences. Several authors have developed theoretical methods, established conceptual models, and produced several paleofacies maps to interpret Kuwait’s stratigraphic sequence based on the data collected over time intervals from the Late Permian to Quaternary to reconstruct the depositional history of the Arabian Plate in general and of Kuwait to understand the characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs.
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AlRefaei, Yaqoub, Ali Najem, Aimen Amer, and Faisal Al-Qattan. "Surface Geology of Kuwait." In The Geology of Kuwait, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16727-0_1.

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AbstractThis chapter represents a comprehensive review of Kuwait’s surface geology and stratigraphy from previous works accomplished by numerous geoscience researchers in the past decades. The surface of Kuwait is characterized by nearly flat topography, featureless to gently undulating, apart from a few tens of meters of escarpments in the north and south, and flat low to moderately elevated hills and ridges. It predominantly consists of siliciclastic sediments and sedimentary rock units ranging in age from Middle Eocene to Holocene. The main stratigraphic exposed successions are located in Jal Az-Zor escarpment, Al-Subyiah (Bahrah) area, Ahmadi Quarry, the Khiran Ridges, and the Enjefa Beach. The oldest exposed rock units are represented by the Middle Eocene Dammam Formation, which is exposed at the Ahmadi Quarry, whereas the youngest recent deposits cover most of Kuwait’s surficial area and lie on top of the Kuwait Group’s deposits. This chapter will illustrate the geology and stratigraphy of Kuwait's surface sediments and sedimentary rock strata. Recommendations and future insights were also documented as part of the way forward to improve the presently available work for the surface geology of Kuwait.
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Wan, Xiaoqiao, Guobiao Li, and Tian Jiang. "Palaeogene Marine Stratigraphy in China." In Springer Geology, 153–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_31.

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Sha, Jingeng, Xin Rao, Yanhong Pan, Yaqiong Wang, and Huawei Cai. "Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Eastern Asia: Nonmarine and Marine Correlations." In Springer Geology, 587–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04364-7_113.

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Barker, Peter F. "The Proximal Marine Sediment Record of Antarctic Climate Since the Late Miocene." In Geology and Seismic Stratigraphy of the Antarctic Margin, 25–57. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar068p0025.

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Bédir, Mourad, and Mohamed Naceur Aissaoui. "Seismic Tectono-Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Implications of Lowstand Deep Marine Oligo-Miocene Siliciclastic Reservoirs in the Northern Levant Basin." In Regional Geology Reviews, 71–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21874-4_3.

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Speed*, Robert C., and Hai Cheng†. "Geology of southeastern Barbados." In Emergence and Evolution of Barbados, 45–126. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2549(03).

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ABSTRACT This chapter presents geological documentation of Quaternary (and perhaps older) event histories of southeastern Barbados. The Barbados Limestone is herein formally defined. A time-stratigraphic division of the Barbados Limestone in southeastern Barbados and the properties of the stratigraphic units are presented. A major finding of this study is that the marine terraces originated wholly by marine erosion, not by reef construction, and evolved in stages over a long duration. The hydrology and thickness data of the Barbados Limestone are discussed, and hypotheses on causes of thickness variations are given. The study domain is divided into seven areas that contain a continuous flight of nine marine terraces preserved in various partial sequences. Discussions of these key seven areas in southeastern Barbados are supported by geologic maps at large scale and cross sections. Sections with VE > 1 display limestone stratigraphy and facies over relatively large lengths. Sections with VE = 1 show true structural configurations over short lengths. Detailed observations and radio isotopic dating of the limestone units permit differentiation and correlation among them.
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Jakob, Johannes, Torgeir B. Andersen, Geoffroy Mohn, Hans Jørgen Kjøll, and Olivier Beyssac. "Revised tectono-stratigraphic scheme for the Scandinavian Caledonides and its implications for our understanding of the Scandian orogeny." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2554(14).

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ABSTRACT The Scandinavian Caledonides formed during the continental collision between Baltica and Laurentia. During the collision, a complex nappe stack was thrust over the Baltican continental margin. The orogen can be subdivided into segments based on architectural differences within the Scandian nappes. The southern and central segments of the orogen link up in the Gudbrandsdalen area in south-central Norway. Alpine-type metaperidotite-bearing metasedimentary complexes occur in the southern and central segments and can be traced continuously along the strike of the orogen from one into the other segment. Traditionally, these units have been assigned to different tectono-stratigraphic levels, one below the Middle Allochthon and one above the Middle Allochthon. Here, we trace the Alpine-type metaperidotite-bearing units from Bergen to Esandsjøen and show that these units exhibit a common geologic and metamorphic history, consistent with the metaperidotite-bearing units representing a single tectonic unit. We suggest that the metaperidotite-bearing units can be used as a “marker level” to revise the tectono-stratigraphy of the Gudbrandsdalen and adjacent areas. The tectono-stratigraphic revisions imply that the Scandian nappe stack consists of seven tectono-stratigraphic levels that can be traced throughout the southern and central segments of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Moreover, the revision of the tectono-stratigraphy and new U-Pb geochronology data also suggest a revision of the timing of the succession of tectonic events leading up to the Scandian continental collision. The available evidence indicates that Baltica-derived tectonic units collided with the Iapetan/Laurentian subduction complexes as early as ca. 450 Ma. The initial collision was followed by in-sequence nappe formation of Baltican-derived units, which occurred contemporaneously with the opening of a marginal basin in the upper plate. After the arrival of thick, buoyant, unthinned Baltican crust at the trench, the main zone of convergence stepped outboard, the marginal basins closed, and those basins were thrust out-of-sequence over the previously assembled nappe stack.
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Stoner, Joseph S., and Guillaume St-Onge. "Chapter Three Magnetic Stratigraphy in Paleoceanography: Reversals, Excursions, Paleointensity, and Secular Variation." In Developments in Marine Geology, 99–138. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1572-5480(07)01008-1.

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Boardman, Mark R., Richard F. McCartney, and Matthew R. Eaton. "Bahamian Paleosols: Origin, relation to paleoclimate, and stratigraphic significance." In Terrestrial and shallow marine geology of the Bahamas and Bermuda. Geological Society of America, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2300-0.33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geology, stratigraphic – Maine"

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Kumar, Pramod, Pratul Kumar Saraswati, Santanu Banerjee, and Anupam Ghosh. "equence Stratigraphic Analysis of a Shallow Marine, Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic System, Early Miocene, Kutch." In Recent Studies on the Geology of Kachchh. Geological Society of India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2016/105411.

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Davis, C., L. Pratt, L. Mompart, and B. Murat. "Sedimentary Geology and Carbon - Isotope Stratigraphy of Cretaceous Marine Strata in Western Venezuela." In 5th Simposio Bolivariano - Exploracion Petrolera en las Cuencas Subandinas. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.116.051eng.

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Clegg, Nigel, Seth Nolan, Alban Duriez, Katharine Cunha, Lesley Hunter, Hsu-Hsiang Wu, and Jin Ma. "Confidence in Subsurface Inversion Models Generated from Electromagnetic Logging While Drilling Data." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210374-ms.

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Abstract Identifying a well's stratigraphic position from azimuthal electromagnetic (EM) data requires integrating data from multiple depths of investigation. As a well's position within the stratigraphy can be constantly changing, and formations and fluids show considerable lateral variability, this process is difficult to do manually. To simplify this, inversion algorithms are deployed to represent EM logging while drilling (LWD) measurements as models reflecting the geology. Inversion results are not a direct measurement, therefore confidence in the results is critical. Real-time well placement decisions are routinely made on the output of EM inversions. It is critical to understand that these are models, not direct measurements, therefore verification of the results is essential. This paper discusses the workflows and tools available to interrogate the models generated to give high confidence in the results with a focus on a new deep EM tool deployed in a complex geological environment. The deployment of established EM tools in the same bottom hole assembly (BHA) provides independent verification of the results alongside statistical analysis of the inversion. In many complex depositional environments, the resultant geology is not layer cake. Formations can pinch out or show considerable lateral variability. In these environments it is extremely challenging and sometimes impossible to track a single layer or boundary. We examine a case study from Alaska in a complex shallow marine depositional environment. The target sands were expected to show considerable lateral variability with pinch outs and multiple shale lenses and layers. Deployment of a new, deep azimuthal EM tool with an associated inversion algorithm provided a geological model representing the distribution of the target formations. The stratigraphy was comprised of a complex distribution of sands and shales, many penetrated by the wellbore, with others distributed away from the wellbore based on the depth of investigation of the EM measurements. If this model is the primary tool for mapping the formations and steering to penetrate the most productive zones, it is critical to understand the results and have high confidence in them. The second tool in the BHA, the established azimuthal resistivity tool, provided an opportunity to directly compare the azimuthal data with the inversion result from the new tool to critique the inversion results and help to understand this complex geological environment. The complexity of integrating the data from multiple azimuthal images with different depths of investigation, based on multiple transmitter-receiver spacings and transmission frequencies, demonstrates the need for inversion algorithms to convert the EM field data to a simple-to-understand representation of the geology. This case study provides proof of the quality of the model, especially in such a complex geological environment, allowing high confidence in the deployment of this new tool for well path optimization.
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Granath, James, Rolf Rango, Pete Emmet, Colin Ford, Robert Lambert, and Michael Kasli. "New Viewpoint on the Geology and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Seychelles Plateau." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2556681-ms.

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ABSTRACT We have reprocessed, re-imaged, and interpreted 10000+ km of legacy 2D seismic data in the Seychelles, particularly in the western part of the Plateau. Seychelles data have been difficult to image, particularly for the Mesozoic section: volcanics are a major attenuator of low frequency signal, and a hard water bottom contributes to signal problems. Enhanced low frequency techniques were applied to improve the signal fidelity in the 4 to 20 Hz range, and to remove spectral notches of shallow geologic origin. These efforts have allowed a reasonable view of the structure of the Plateau to a depth equivalent to about 3.5 sec TWT, and permit a comparison of areas atop the Plateau to the south coast where the three 1980's Amoco wells were drilled. It is clear that the main Plateau area of the Seychelles (excluding the outlying territories) is comprised of several separate basins, each with similar Karoo, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic sections that relate to the East African and West Indian conjugate margins, but the basins each have nuanced tectono-stratigraphic histories. The previously recognized Correira Basin in the SE and the East and West South Coast Basins face the African conjugate margin; other unimaged ones complete the periphery of the Plateau. The interior of the Plateau is dominated by the Silhouette Basin to the west of the main islands and the Mahé Basin to the east. The co astal basins have harsh tectono-thermal histories comparable to other continental margins around the world; they are typically characterized by stretching, subsidence and breakaway from their respective conjugate margins. In contrast the interior basins are comparable to ‘failed’ rift systems such as the North Sea or the Gulf of Suez. The South Coastal Basins, for example, tend to be more extended which complicated interpretation of the Amoco wells, but they have significant upside, as exemplified by the Beau Vallon structure. The interior basins, on the other hand, have typically simpler structure: the Silhouette Basin contains a system of NW-trending linked normal faults that could easily harbor North Sea-sized hydrocarbon traps with a variety of rift-related reservoir possibilities. Bright, reflective, hard volcanic horizons are less common than usually presumed, but most of the basins may contain considerable pyroclastic material in parts of the section. All of the basins appear to be predominantly oil prone, with considerable upside prospectivity.
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Abbas, Nashat, Jamal Al Nokhatha, Syed Haider, Khaled Radwan, Mustafa Al Hashmi, Khaloud Al Nayadi, Nouf Alqaydi, Wael Fares, Ahmet Aki, and Eslam M.K. Abdou. "Longest Extended Reach Drilling Well Drilled in Middle East Geosteered Within 5 Ft Stratigraphic Thickness Target Zone." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211660-ms.

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Abstract In order to develop a giant mature carbonate field offshore Abu Dhabi, four environmental Islands were built in shallow water. Due to the large areal extension of the field, most wells are Extended Reach. This paper presents a case study of the longest well drilled in the UAE. Planning to drill such an Extended Reach well with maximum reservoir contact, starts long before execution. Not only, competent rigs, capable of delivering enough mechanical and hydraulic energy to drill such well, but also placing and navigating the lateral section in multilayered anticlinal reservoir with layer cake geometry. Significant geologic uncertainties of complicated carbonate facies heterogeneities is a major challenge. Detailed study of the reservoir behavior according to pre-existing nearby wells was carried out, as well as understanding the geologic structural setting of the area since the target zone consists of 5ft thick limestone layer that overlays a 3 ft. thick dolomitic limestone with excellent permeability. The crucial success factors were; firstly, to steer in such a thin reservoir for long distances, using LWD tools to differentiate dolomite from the nearby limestone layer. Secondly, to account for possible lateral facies change, the sensors needed to be as close as possible to the bit. Considering +28600 ft. horizontal section, remarkable challenges arose related to drilling tool capability and well path smoothness. The drilling team was concerned about using nuclear source density tools to navigate the well path and needed to avoid high dogleg to prevent any fishing jobs associated with source tools, especially in fractured areas. The well was drilled to record depth of more than 45300 ft. with a horizontal section of 27,500 ft. inside reservoir. Utilizing Rotary Steerable System in all hole sections helped to minimize hole tortuosity along the well and with the help of LWD tools the well was accurately steered within target zone boundaries. Utilizing advance mud telemetry made it possible to receive data from 45,300 ft. away from surface. Successful well placement was the main factor to achieve positive overall performance in the field. This success has opened the door to drill more wells that are more challenging. In addition, it practically proved that proper planning and execution can push the limits further and gave confidence to drill even deeper. As a result, we are now aiming to drill deeper wells up to 50,000 ft.
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Masoud, Mohamed, W. Scott Meddaugh, Masoud Eljaroshi, and Khaled Elghanduri. "Enhanced and Rock Typing-Based Reservoir Characterization of the Palaeocene Harash Carbonate Reservoir-Zelten Field-Sirte Basin-Libya." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205971-ms.

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Abstract The Harash Formation was previously known as the Ruaga A and is considered to be one of the most productive reservoirs in the Zelten field in terms of reservoir quality, areal extent, and hydrocarbon quantity. To date, nearly 70 wells were drilled targeting the Harash reservoir. A few wells initially naturally produced but most had to be stimulated which reflected the field drilling and development plan. The Harash reservoir rock typing identification was essential in understanding the reservoir geology implementation of reservoir development drilling program, the construction of representative reservoir models, hydrocarbons volumetric calculations, and historical pressure-production matching in the flow modelling processes. The objectives of this study are to predict the permeability at un-cored wells and unsampled locations, to classify the reservoir rocks into main rock typing, and to build robust reservoir properties models in which static petrophysical properties and fluid properties are assigned for identified rock type and assessed the existed vertical and lateral heterogeneity within the Palaeocene Harash carbonate reservoir. Initially, an objective-based workflow was developed by generating a training dataset from open hole logs and core samples which were conventionally and specially analyzed of six wells. The developed dataset was used to predict permeability at cored wells through a K-mod model that applies Neural Network Analysis (NNA) and Declustring (DC) algorithms to generate representative permeability and electro-facies. Equal statistical weights were given to log responses without analytical supervision taking into account the significant log response variations. The core data was grouped on petrophysical basis to compute pore throat size aiming at deriving and enlarging the interpretation process from the core to log domain using Indexation and Probabilities of Self-Organized Maps (IPSOM) classification model to develop a reliable representation of rock type classification at the well scale. Permeability and rock typing derived from the open-hole logs and core samples analysis are the main K-mod and IPSOM classification model outputs. The results were propagated to more than 70 un-cored wells. Rock typing techniques were also conducted to classify the Harash reservoir rocks in a consistent manner. Depositional rock typing using a stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot and electro-facies suggest three different rock types that are probably linked to three flow zones. The defined rock types are dominated by specifc reservoir parameters. Electro-facies enables subdivision of the formation into petrophysical groups in which properties were assigned to and were characterized by dynamic behavior and the rock-fluid interaction. Capillary pressure and relative permeability data proved the complexity in rock capillarity. Subsequently, Swc is really rock typing dependent. The use of a consistent representative petrophysical rock type classification led to a significant improvement of geological and flow models.
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7

Shah, Jamari M., Nur Athirah Md Dahlan, Hazreen Harris Lee, and Nur Fatihah M. Zulkifli. "Establishing Rapport Throughout Carbonate Reservoirs: A Rock Typing Networking Based on Pore Throat." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31629-ms.

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Abstract Carbonates reservoir has an elevated level of heterogeneity than clastic reservoir, which is relatively controlled only by depositional facies. It is because of the facies variation vertically and laterally which is more intensive, as well as intensive diagenesis. Therefore, an accurate method is required to ensure hydrocarbon development is effective and efficient. Challenges in the characterization of the carbonate are related to rock type and porosity. The permeability of rocks cannot be determined only by porosity. The method that can be used to determine rock type and rock permeability estimation is through rock typing method. This method is aptly applied for carbonate reservoir which is dynamically change due to diagenesis. It is believed to predict and optimize carbonate reservoir better. Core data can be used to determine rock type based on geology named litho-facies or petrophysics named electro-facies characterization. There are many rock typing methods, which are pore throat group based on shape and trend, PGS - pore geometry structure, Lucia, FZI – flow zone indicator, Winland R35. Those methods use different principles in classifying rock type. Main objective to merge core results between geological statement information based with digital engineering data. By combining these two pieces of information and data, the more precise rock type and able to achieve in solving more finer on carbonate reservoir characterization. Furthermore, the analysis has been conducted over multiple carbonates environments including platform carbonate, pinnacle carbonate and complex carbonate lithology. This paper presents the rock typing classification in carbonate environments which consider geological, and engineering elements mainly through pore throat based rock typing. The main rock typing group can be derived from either stratigraphy or the distribution shape of the pore throat. This will produce the porosity-permeability relationship for all the samples. Geological inputs are then used to describe more refined and detailed characteristics of the relationship. These variety sets of data will help to populate the geological features of the reservoir in bulk and each individual layer in depths. The process includes developing the correlation between pore throat size and pore throat connectivity networking. Defined from core plug pore throat pattern and tie to well logs respond. Consequently, to be propagated in the non-cored intervals through correlation between multiple well logs respond. Some of the key petrophysical measurements will be discussed and how to interpret the borehole images associated with carbonates. As well as looking at different methods of rock typing and best practices to build a static carbonate model. This approach is using pore throat group to classify the rock typing of the carbonate reservoirs. The main rock typing group can be derived from either stratigraphy or the distribution shape of the pore throat. The methodology must be tested first in cored intervals. This is to ensure that sufficient data has been incorporated considering the complexity of the carbonate structure. This will produce the porosity-permeability relationship for all the samples. Geological inputs are then used to describe more refined and detailed characteristics of the relationship. Post drill analysis of the core plugs usually come from the sedimentology analysis, thin section, SEM, XRD and even the core photos. These variety sets of data will help to populate the geological features of the reservoir in bulk and each individual layer in depths. These will be the steps that will aid in re-clustering the porosity-permeability relationship. After these steps have been implemented, the outputs will be calibrated before the methodology will be adopted and regressed to the un-cored intervals. The permeability prediction based on pore throat group by using this methodology matches with measured core permeability with capture the complex respond of permeability variation. The result shows rock typing can be generated by using the pore throat distribution of the reservoirs. This is because permeability populated by this method captures the complexity of the reservoir. Results are more detailed by creating rock typing based on the pore throat. This is furthermore supported and incorporated with all available geological data. There is a significant difference that can be seen between platform, pinnacle, and complex carbonate. The workflow integrates critical information to further capture the complex carbonate reservoir system. This kind of approach is novel and should be adopted to the other carbonate reservoirs in the world for us to understand more on complicated carbonate reservoir structures or network. This study is robust and able to capture multiple carbonate environments and in comparison, with several basins from various parts of the world.
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Reports on the topic "Geology, stratigraphic – Maine"

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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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Tweet, Justin, Holley Flora, Summer Weeks, Eathan McIntyre, and Vincent Santucci. Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289972.

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Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (PARA) in northwestern Arizona has significant paleontological resources, which are recognized in the establishing presidential proclamation. Because of the challenges of working in this remote area, there has been little documentation of these resources over the years. PARA also has an unusual management situation which complicates resource management. The majority of PARA is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM; this land is described here as PARA-BLM), while about 20% of the monument is administered by the National Park Service (NPS; this land is described here as PARA-NPS) in conjunction with Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE). Parcels of state and private land are scattered throughout the monument. Reports of fossils within what is now PARA go back to at least 1914. Geologic and paleontologic reports have been sporadic over the past century. Much of what was known of the paleontology before the 2020 field inventory was documented by geologists focused on nearby Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) and LAKE, or by students working on graduate projects; in either case, paleontology was a secondary topic of interest. The historical record of fossil discoveries in PARA is dominated by Edwin McKee, who reported fossils from localities in PARA-NPS and PARA-BLM as part of larger regional projects published from the 1930s to the 1980s. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped the geology of PARA in a series of publications since the early 1980s. Unpublished reports by researchers from regional institutions have documented paleontological resources in Quaternary caves and rock shelters. From September to December 2020, a field inventory was conducted to better understand the scope and distribution of paleontological resources at PARA. Thirty-eight localities distributed across the monument and throughout its numerous geologic units were documented extensively, including more than 420 GPS points and 1,300 photos, and a small number of fossil specimens were collected and catalogued under 38 numbers. In addition, interviews were conducted with staff to document the status of paleontology at PARA, and potential directions for future management, research, protection, and interpretation. In geologic terms, PARA is located on the boundary of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range provinces. Before the uplift of the Colorado Plateau near the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago, this area was much lower in elevation and subject to flooding by shallow continental seas. This led to prolonged episodes of marine deposition as well as complex stratigraphic intervals of alternating terrestrial and marine strata. Most of the rock formations that are exposed in the monument belong to the Paleozoic part of the Grand Canyon section, deposited between approximately 510 and 270 million years ago in mostly shallow marine settings. These rocks have abundant fossils of marine invertebrates such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, crinoids, and echinoids. The Cambrian–Devonian portion of the Grand Canyon Paleozoic section is represented in only a few areas of PARA. The bulk of the Paleozoic rocks at PARA are Mississippian to Permian in age, approximately 360 to 270 million years old, and belong to the Redwall Limestone through the Kaibab Formation. While the Grand Canyon section has only small remnants of younger Mesozoic rocks, several Mesozoic formations are exposed within PARA, mostly ranging in age from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic (approximately 252 to 175 million years ago), as well as some middle Cretaceous rocks deposited approximately 100 million years ago. Mesozoic fossils in PARA include marine fossils in the Moenkopi Formation and petrified wood and invertebrate trace fossils in the Chinle Formation and undivided Moenave and Kayenta Formations.
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Simms, Janet, Benjamin Breland, and William Doll. Geophysical investigation to assess condition of grouted scour hole : Old River Control Complex—Low Sill Concordia Parish, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41863.

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Geophysical surveys, both land-based and water-borne, were conducted at the Old River Control Complex‒Low Sill, Concordia Parish, LA. The purpose of the surveys was to assess the condition of the grout within the scour region resulting from the 1973 flood event, including identification of potential voids within the grout. Information from the ground studies will also be used for calibration of subsequent marine geophysical data and used in stability analysis studies. The water-borne survey consisted of towed low frequency (16-80 MHz) ground penetrating radar (GPR), whereas the land-based surveys used electrical resistivity and seismic refraction. The GPR survey was conducted in the Old River Channel on the upstream side of the Low Sill structure. The high electrical conductivity of the water (~50 mS/m) precluded penetration of the GPR signal; thus, no useful data were obtained. The land-based surveys were performed on both northeast and southeast sides of the Low Sill structure. Both resistivity and seismic surveys identify a layered subsurface stratigraphy that corresponds, in general, with available borehole data and constructed geologic profiles. In addition, an anomalous area on the southeast side was identified that warrants future investigation and monitoring.
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