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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Syuaib Intan, Muhammad Fadhlan. "Geologi situs paleolitik das kikim, kabupaten lahat, provinsi sumatra selatan." KALPATARU 26, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v26i2.273.

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Lahat is one of the districts within the province of South Sumatra, the site of research, saving many cultural remains, one of them from the paleolithic period, which for so long received no attention from environmental researchers. This is the basis of the main problems that cover geology in general. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct surface geology mapping in general as an effort to present geological information, while the aim is to know the geomorphological aspects, stratigraphy, geological structures associated with existence in paleolithic sites of research area. The research method begins with literature review, survey, analysis, and interpretation of field data. Environmental observations provide information about the landscape consisting of terrestrial morphology units, weak corrugated morphology units, and strong corrugated morphology units. The rivers are in the Old River, the Adult River, and Periodic /Permanent River. The constituent rocks are Gumai Formation, Benakat Air Formation, Muara Enim Formation, Kasai Formation, and alluvial. The geological structure is a strike slip fault that flows northeast-southeast. The study was conducted on the Kikim River, Lingsing River, and Pangi River, which stretches from east to west with direction from south to north. Exploration in the Kikim Basin, Lahat District has managed to find 30 paleolithic sites.Keywords: Geology, Pleistocene, Paleolithic, Open SiteABSTRAKLahat merupakan salah satu kabupaten dalam Provinsi Sumatra Selatan yang menjadi lokasi penelitian, menyimpan banyak tinggalan budaya, salah satunya dari masa paleolitik, yang sekian lama tak mendapat perhatian dari para peneliti lingkungan. Hal inilah yang dijadikan dasar permasalahan utama yang mencakup geologi secara umum. Oleh sebab itu, maksud penelitian ini dalah untuk melakukan pemetaan geologi permukaan secara umum sebagai salah satu upaya untuk menyajikan informasi geologi, sedangkan tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek geomorfologi, stratigrafi, struktur geologi yang dikaitkan dengan keberadaan di situs-situs paleolitik wilayah penelitian. Metode penelitian diawali dengan kajian pustaka, survei, analisis, dan interpretasi data lapangan. Pengamatan lingkungan memberikan informasi tentang bentang alamnya yang terdiri dari satuan morfologi dataran, satuan morfologi bergelombang lemah, dan satuan morfologi bergelombang kuat. Sungainya berstadia Sungai Tua, Sungai Dewasa-Tua, dan Sungai Periodik/Permanen. Batuan penyusun adalah Formasi Gumai, Formasi Air Benakat, Formasi Muara Enim, Formasi Kasai, dan aluvial. Struktur geologi berupa patahan geser yang berarah timur laut-tenggara. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sungai Kikim, Sungai Lingsing, dan Sungai Pangi, yang membentang dari timur ke barat dengan arah aliran dari selatan ke utara. Eksplorasi di DAS Kikim, Kabupaten Lahat telah berhasil menemukan 30 situs paleolitik. Kata kunci: Geologi, Plistosen, Paleolitik, Situs Terbuka
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2

Li, Shan, Sun-Lin Chung, Yu-Ming Lai, Azman A. Ghani, Hao-Yang Lee, and Sayed Murtadha. "Mesozoic juvenile crustal formation in the easternmost Tethys: Zircon Hf isotopic evidence from Sumatran granitoids, Indonesia." Geology 48, no. 10 (June 15, 2020): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47304.1.

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Abstract Prior to the collision of India with Asia, the evolution of island arcs and resultant crustal formation in the now-disrupted easternmost Tethys are poorly constrained. Here, we report for the first time zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic data from Mesozoic granitoids in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our analyses identified three magmatic episodes at 214–201 Ma, 148–143 Ma, and 102–84 Ma, respectively, with a drastic change in magmatic zircon εHf(t) values from −13.1 to +17.7 in the Late Triassic granitoids, which reveals a fundamental restructuring of the arc system in Sumatra. Subsequently, all Jurassic to Late Cretaceous granitoids have exclusively positive zircon εHf(t) values (+17.7 to +10.2), consistent with juvenile arc development owing to subduction of the easternmost Tethyan lithosphere beneath Sumatra. Such highly positive zircon εHf(t) values of the Sumatran granitoids, in general accordance with those of the Gangdese arc system in South Asia, are markedly higher than those (+13.7 to −14.7) of broadly contemporaneous Cordilleran arcs in Americas and Zealandia. Our findings from the easternmost Tethys provide new insights into not only the tectono-magmatic evolution of eastern Tethys, but also its crucial role in global juvenile crustal growth.
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3

Crow, M. J., and A. J. Barber. "Map: Structural map of Sumatra." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 31, no. 1 (2005): NP.3—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2005.031.01.18.

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4

Van Gorsel, J. T. (Han), and Bernhard Gunzenhauser. "August Tobler, the Swiss Pioneer of South Sumatra Geological Mapping, 1900-1912." Berita Sedimentologi 47, no. 1 (August 15, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.1.54.

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Dr. August Tobler was a well-known Swiss geologist, who, as one of the very first petroleum field geologists in the Netherlands Indies, did more than ten years of geological mapping in the tiger-infested jungles of South Sumatra. He first worked for the Koninklijke/Royal Dutch and Moeara Enim oil companies in South Sumatra from 1900 to 1904. This was followed by six more years of geological mapping in the Jambi basin, as the first non-Dutch geoscientist at the Dienst van het Mijnwezen (Geological Survey). His thoroughly documented monographs and geologic maps of his geological fieldwork in the Palembang and Jambi basins of South Sumatra, as well as the adjacent Barisan Mountains, set new standards for quality and detail.Much of the personal information on Dr. Tobler is from papers by Kugler (1930, 1963), Oppenoorth (1930), Stehlin (1931) and Hottinger (2013). This paper is one of the chapters from a new book that is being prepared by the first author, entitled Pioneers and Milestones of Indonesian Geology (~1820-1960).
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5

Crow, M. J., and A. J. Barber. "Map: Simplified geological map of Sumatra." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 31, no. 1 (2005): NP.2—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2005.031.01.17.

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6

Bellon, Hervé, René C. Maury, Sutanto, Rubini Soeria-Atmadja, Joseph Cotten, and Mireille Polvé. "65 m.y.-long magmatic activity in Sumatra (Indonesia), from Paleocene to Present." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.1.61.

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Abstract Sumatra is the largest volcanic island of the Indonesian archipelago. The oblique subduction of the Indian Ocean lithosphere below the Sundaland margin is responsible for the development of a NW-SE trending volcanic arc, the location of which coincides approximately with the Great Sumatran Fault Zone (GSFZ). We present in this paper ca. 80 new 40K-40Ar ages measured on Cenozoic calc-alkaline to shoshonitic magmatic rocks sampled all along this arc from Aceh to Lampung. The results show that magmatic activity started during the Paleocene (ca. 63 Ma) all along the arc, and was more or less permanent until Present. However, its spatial distribution increased at ca. 20 Ma, a feature possibly connected to the development of the Great Sumatran Fault. The position of Plio-Quaternary magmatic rocks is shifted away from the trench by a few tens of kilometres with respect to that of Paleocene to Miocene ones, a feature consistent with a significant tectonic erosion of the Sundaland margin during the Cenozoic. The studied samples display typical subduction-related geochemical signatures. However, we have been unable to identify clear geochemical trends, either spatial or temporal. We suggest that the lack of such regular variations reflects a complex igneous petrogenesis during which the contribution of the Sundaland continental crust overprinted those of the mantle wedge and the subducted slab.
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7

Hochstein, M. P., and Sayogi Sudarman. "Geothermal resources of Sumatra." Geothermics 22, no. 3 (June 1993): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90042-l.

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8

Damanik, Muhammad Ridha Syafii, Ali Nurman, Muhammad Yuliansyah Aminy, and Ilham Ritonga. "Analisis Potensi Longsor Sungai di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Padang Sumatera Utara." Tunas Geografi 8, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v8i2.16139.

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AbstractThe occurrence of flash floods in 2017 that hit Tebing Tinggi City in North Sumatra Province caused 33,825 lives to be affected. That shows that the potential for flash floods disasters in the North Sumatra region, including in the Padang River Basin, is classified as very high. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of potential riverbank landslides that cause river flow obstructions (natural dams) in the Padang River Basin. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using geographic information systems. The data analysis technique used is the cone stacking technique of research variable maps. The variables used to analyze the potential of riverbank landslides are the appearance of existing landslides, topography (flow accumulation), and geology (faults). The results of this study indicate that there are 86 locations with potential landslides that can cause natural dams. The most potential location is the Padang sub-watershed with 48 sub-areas.Keywords: Disaster Mitigation, Spatial Modeling, Flash floods, Geographic Information Systems AbstrakKejadian banjir bandang tahun 2017 yang melanda Kota Tebing Tinggi Provinsi Sumatera Utara menyebabkan 33.825 jiwa terdampak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa potensi bencana banjir bandang di wilayah Sumatera Utara termasuk di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Padang tergolong sangat tinggi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lokasi yang berpotensi terjadi longsor tebing sungai yang mengakibatkan terhambatnya aliran sungai (bendungan alam) di DAS Padang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik tumpeng susun peta variabel penelitian. Adapun variabel yang digunakan untuk menganalisis potensi longsor tebing sungai adalah kenampakan longsor eksisting, topografi (akumulasi aliran), dan geologi (patahan). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 86 lokasi yang berpotensi longsor yang dapat menyebabkan bendungan alam. Lokasi paling banyak terdapat potensi adalah sub-DAS Padang dengan jumlah sub-area 48 lokasi. Kata Kunci: Mitigasi bencana, Permodelan Spasial, Banjir Bandang, Sistem Informasi Geografis
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9

OKAL, E. A., H. M. FRITZ, and A. SLADEN. "2004 SUMATRA-ANDAMAN TSUNAMI SURVEYS IN THE COMORO ISLANDS AND TANZANIA AND REGIONAL TSUNAMI HAZARD FROM FUTURE SUMATRA EVENTS." South African Journal of Geology 112, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2009): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.112.3-4.343.

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10

Kopp, H., W. Weinrebe, S. Ladage, U. Barckhausen, D. Klaeschen, E. R. Flueh, C. Gaedicke, et al. "Lower slope morphology of the Sumatra trench system." Basin Research 20, no. 4 (December 2008): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00381.x.

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11

Permana, Haryadi, and L. Handayani. "STUDI AWAL POLA STRUKTUR BUSUR MUKA ACEH, SUMATRA BAGIAN UTARA (INDONESIA): Penafsiran dan Analisis Peta Batimetri." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.8.3.2010.191.

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Analisis morfostruktur daerah penelitian menunjukan tiga unit struktur geologi yang berbeda, antara lain zona penunjaman, zona deformasi aktif dan busur muka termasuk didalamnya tinggian busur muka dan cekungan busur muka. Struktur geologi zona penunjaman lempeng teramati sepanjang Palung Sunda paralel dengan zona deformasi aktif. Struktur geologi pada Tinggian Busur Muka membentuk sistim prisma akresi yang disusun oleh sesar anjak, sesar geser, perlipatan dan perlipatan naik. Pola kelurusan struktur umumnya berarah berarah utara baratlaut-selatan tenggara di sebelah utara lintang 5°U, arah baratlaut-tenggara pada posisi 3°-5°U, kelurusan kemudian berbelok hampir barat-timur di sekitar 2°-3°U. Perubahan arah pola kelurusan struktur tersebut ditafsirkan sebagai jawaban terhadap naiknya tingkat kemiringan penunjaman lempeng dari daerah Simeulue ke arah Lintang 5°U -7°U atau secara umum dari selatan Sumatra ke arah utara Sumatra. Di bagian tengah daerah telitian berkembang kelurusan patahan berarah utara-selatan yang memotong kelurusan berarah baratlaut-tenggara. Kelurusan tersebut ditafsirkan sebagai patahan geser dekstral dan kemungkinan masih aktif. Kata Kunci: Analisis morfostruktur, zona penunjaman, zona deformasi aktif, busur muka, kelurusan, sesar anjak, sesar geser, perlipatan, perlipatan naik, kemiringan penunjaman lempeng Morphostructure analyses of study area demonstrate three different units of geological structures: subduction zone, active deformation zone and fore-arc region, which include Fore Arc High and Fore Arc Basin. The plate subduction zone observes along Sunda Trench parallel with active deformation zone. Structure geology in Fore Arc High builds an accretionary prism system. It was composed by thrust fault, strike slip fault, folding and thrust fold. General trend of structural pattern is NNE-SSE at the north of 5°N, NW-SE direction at around 3°-5°N and changed in direction relative to E-W at about 2°-3°N. This direction variation of structural pattern trend was interpreted as a response to increase of obliquity degree of subducted plate from Simeulue area to 5° -7°N, or in general, from southern of Sumatra to north of Sumatra. NS trend lineament has developed in the middle part of study area that also sliced the NW-SE main structural direction. These structural lineaments interpreted as dextral strike slip fault and it is possibly still active. Keywords: morphostructure analyses, subduction zone, active deformation zone, fore-arc lineament, thrust fault, strike slip, folding, thrust fold, plat, plate subduction obliquity
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12

Schiefelbein, Craig, and Nick Cameron. "Sumatra/Java oil families." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 126, no. 1 (1997): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1997.126.01.11.

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13

Syukri, Muhammad. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of b-value Imaging Characteristics Using High Precision Earthquake Spot in the Sumatran Subduction Zone." Iraqi Geological Journal 54, no. 2B (August 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2b.1ms-2021-08-21.

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Sumatra is one of the Indonesian regions categorized as active tectonics. The majority of past earthquakes in Sumatra and its surrounding areas have originated from the accumulated stress in the subduction zone, namely the submergence of the Indo-Australian plate against the Eurasian plate. This research was conducted to identify the level of accumulated stress and earthquake-prone areas in the subduction zone of Sumatra Island based on the spatial variation of the b-value, using the least square method. The data used in this study are earthquake parameter data from the International Seismological Center the United States Geological Survey and Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency catalogs from 2005-2019 with a magnitude ≥ 1 and a depth of 0-200 km located 90° to 106°E and -6° to 5.8°S. The results showed that the spatial variation of the b-value in the subduction zone of Sumatra Island in 2005-2009 ranged from 0.31-0.77, the b-value for 2010-2014 ranged from 0.18-1.29. In 2015-2019, the spatial variation of b-values ranged from 0.28-1.2. Earthquake-prone areas are located around Breuh Island, Banyak Islands, and Sipura and Pagai Islands, as evidenced by a low b-value, correlating with a high level of unreleased accumulated stress from the past 15 years, leading to an immense earthquake potential in the next period within the area. This analysis shows very significantly found that high b-value matches with earthquake spots. Detailed spatial and temporal b-value characteristics and its interpretation can advance our comprehension of earthquake occurrence and ideally lead to improved forecasting agility.
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14

Satya, Drestanta Yudha, Suryantini, and Doddy Astra. "Geology Assessment of Permeability Distribution in Silangkitang Geothermal Field, North Sumatra, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 732, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/732/1/012003.

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15

Meisl, Christopher S., Sahar Safaie, Kenneth J. Elwood, Rishi Gupta, and Reza Kowsari. "Housing Reconstruction in Northern Sumatra after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 777–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2201668.

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The 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami resulted in over 100,000 damaged or destroyed homes and over 500,000 internally displaced people in northern Sumatra. Reconstruction and recovery from these massive losses requires the coordination of many stakeholders, including multiple levels of government, nongovernment relief organizations, donors, and the people of northern Sumatra. Although efforts have been taken by the Government of Indonesia to develop standards for the reconstruction of houses and establish a coordinating body, the reconstruction effort in Sumatra still faces many challenges. A broad range of housing types, with varying degrees of construction quality, have been constructed as part of the recovery effort. A field study team visited Banda Aceh, Meulaboh, and Nias seven months after the December event and documented the process of reconstruction, the interaction of the stakeholders, and the types of housing construction.
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16

Vita-Finzi, Claudio. "Misattributed tsunami: Chile, Sumatra and the subduction model." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 122, no. 3 (June 2011): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2011.03.010.

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17

McCarthy, A. J., and C. F. Elders. "Cenozoic deformation in Sumatra: oblique subduction and the development of the Sumatran Fault System." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 126, no. 1 (1997): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1997.126.01.21.

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18

Lemenkova, Polina. "Java and Sumatra segments of the Sunda Trench: Geomorphology and geophysical settings analysed and visualized by GMT." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 100, no. 2 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2002001l.

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The paper discusses the geomorphology of the Sunda Trench, an oceanic trench located in the eastern Indian Ocean along the Sumatra and Java Islands of the Indonesian archipelago. It analysis difference in depths and variation in slope steepness between the two segments of the trench: southern Java transect (108.8?E 10.10?S - 113.0?E 10.75?S) and northern Sumatra transect (97.5?E 1.1?S - 101.0?E 5.5?S). The maps and geomorphological modelling were plotted using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The data include high-resolution grids on topography, geology, geodesy and geophysics: GEBCO, EGM2008 EGM-2008, GlobSed. The results include modelled segments, slope gradients, and cross-section profiles. The geological processes take place in the Indian Ocean at different stages of its evolution and influence the nature of the submarine geomorphology and geomorphology of the trench that differs in two segments. Java segment has a bell-shaped data distribution in contrast to the Sumatra with bimodal pattern. Java segment has the most repetitive depths at -2,500 to -5,200 m. Sumatra transect has two peaks: 1) a classic bell-shaped peak (-4,500 m to -5,500 m); 2) shelf area (0 to -1,750 m). The data at middle depths (-1,750 to -4,500 m) have less than 300 samples. The most frequent bathymetry for the Sumatra segment corresponds to the -4,750 m to -5,000 m. Comparing to the Sumatra segment, the Java segment is deeper. For depths > -6,000 m, there are only 138 samples for Sumatra while 547 samples for Java. Furthermore, Java segment has a more symmetrical geometric shape while Sumatra segment is asymmetric, one-sided. The Sumatra segment has a steepness of 57.86? on its eastern side (facing Sumatra Island) and a contrasting 14.58? on the western part. The Java segment has a steepness of 64.34? on its northern side (facing Java Island) and 24.95? on the southern part (facing the Indian Ocean). The paper contributes to the studies of the submarine geomorphology in Indonesia.
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19

Ando, Masataka, Mamoru Nakamura, Yoshinari Hayashi, Mizuho Ishida, and Didik Sugiyanto. "Observed high amplitude tsunami 0.5–20km away from the northern Sumatra coast during the 2004 Sumatra earthquake." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 36, no. 1 (September 2009): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.01.009.

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20

Cahyaningsih, Catur, Tiggi Choanji, Yuniarti Yuskar, Dewandra Bagus Eka Putra, Fauzi Rahman, and Puja Fransismik Crensonni. "Landslide geomorphology evaluation and geology structure analysis at Riau-West Sumatra highway in km 89-94." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927605011.

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The research area is in the location hit by landslide frequently. Located in Riau-West Sumatra Highway in Km 89-94, Pangkalan Sub District, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra Province. The research objective to analyse the geomorphological conditions, which is relevance an increased vulnerability to landslides in the study area. The method used consist of geomorphology analysis using morphometric, morphography and morphogenetic parameters. The results of the analysis concluded that the geomorphology of the reserach area is classified into two: High Hills Steep Structural Geomorphology Unit (S2) dominates in all regions and Slightly Steep Hills Denudational Geomorphology Units (D3) is located in the Northeast, the percentages of distribution are 83%, and 17% respectively. Drainage pattern classified to parallel system. Lithology constituent consisting of claystone, siltstone, sandstone, and andesite. Structural geology analysis of joint show trend pattern to the Northwest -Southeast.
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21

Borrero, Jose C., Costas E. Synolakis, and Hermann Fritz. "Northern Sumatra Field Survey after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2206793.

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A field survey of earthquake and tsunami effects was conducted in the region around Banda Aceh in northern Sumatra. The field data included visual observations of watermarks, which were located via handheld GPS units and then photographed. Where possible, watermarks were surveyed along cross-shore profiles to determine runup height. Additional information on wave arrival and behavior—including the timing and the number of waves—was collected through interviews with witnesses and survivors and from video recorded during the tsunami event. These data were used in conjunction with satellite imagery obtained before and shortly after the earthquake to describe the effects of the tsunami and earthquake in terms of runup height, inundation distance, flow depth, levels of structural damage, shoreline erosion, and earthquake-related subsidence. This data set is far from complete, and additional information is needed to fully assess the tsunami effects in northern Sumatra.
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Pan, Tso-Chien, and Chin Long Lee. "Site Response in Singapore to Long-Distance Sumatra Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 2 (May 2002): 347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1495500.

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Tremors caused by distant Sumatra earthquakes have reportedly been felt in Singapore for many years. The national network of seismic stations consisting of seven stations was therefore set up in 1996 to locate regional earthquake epicenters and investigate the site response characteristics when subjected to long distance Sumatra earthquakes. During the Sumatra earthquake on 1 April 1998, the downhole seismic array at the KAP seismic station successfully captured the first set of instrumental acceleration records in Singapore. The earthquake ground accelerations were recorded at three levels: ground surface, −32 m, and −50 m. Studies of the downhole data show that the soil layers within the 50-m depth at the KAP site of marine clay (locally called Kallang Formation) have a fundamental frequency around 1 Hz. This supports the observation that medium- and high-rise Singapore buildings located in Kallang Formation have been more responsive to long-distance Sumatra earthquakes. Based on the linear site response analysis for vertically propagating shear waves, numerical simulation has successfully reproduced the acceleration waveforms recorded at the ground surface and the middle level (−32 m) of KAP site for the Sumatra earthquake on 1 April 1998.
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Chakraborty, Partha P., and Prosanta K. Khan. "Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Andaman-Sumatra subduction margin: Current understanding." Island Arc 18, no. 1 (March 2009): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2008.00643.x.

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24

Henstock, Timothy J., Lisa C. McNeill, Jonathan M. Bull, Becky J. Cook, Sean P. S. Gulick, James A. Austin, Haryadi Permana, and Yusuf S. Djajadihardja. "Downgoing plate topography stopped rupture in the A.D. 2005 Sumatra earthquake." Geology 44, no. 1 (December 4, 2015): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g37258.1.

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Barber, A. J., and M. J. Crow. "An Evaluation of Plate Tectonic Models for the Development of Sumatra." Gondwana Research 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70642-0.

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26

Koning, Tako, Nick Cameron, and John Clure. "Undiscovered Potential in the Basement Exploring in Sumatra for oil and gas in naturally fractured and weathered basement reservoirs." Berita Sedimentologi 47, no. 2 (October 2, 2021): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.2.320.

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This paper was first published in GEOExPro magazine, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2021, both in print and electronically (Koning et al., 2021) and is republished with permission from GEOExPro. For Berita Sedimentologi we have made various changes to the existing text and figures by including further results from our ongoing in-depth research into the geology of basement oil and gas plays in Sumatra.This paper provides and up-to-date and in-depth review of the status of exploration for oil and gas in naturally fractured and weathered basement throughout Sumatra. Also reviewed is the status of oil and gas production from Sumatra’s basement fields. In this paper’s section on Economic Impact, we emphasize the major positive contribution to Indonesia’s economy resulting from gas produced from basement reservoirs in the South Sumatra Basin.
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Gunawan, Endra, Takeshi Sagiya, Takeo Ito, Fumiaki Kimata, Takao Tabei, Yusaku Ohta, Irwan Meilano, et al. "A comprehensive model of postseismic deformation of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake deduced from GPS observations in northern Sumatra." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 88 (July 2014): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.03.016.

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28

Naim, N. N. N., N. H. Mardi, and M. A. Malek. "Review of Year 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Tsunami Fault Parameters." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22329.

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This paper reviews the fault parameters used in the literatures of tsunami source simulations for the 26 December, 2004 Sumatra–Andaman tsunami, as well as understanding of the geology and geography of the Sunda Trench. Although the source of tsunami generation is exclusive, the parameters used in the simulations differ according to source of data, method of parameter derivation and modeling experiences. Hence, identification of possible future source generations and results for best fit parameters obtained from literature review are integrated to be used for future simulations. Based on the literature review conducted, it is clear that the parameters of tsunami source generation play a vital component and indication in amplifying effects in the coastal areas. Hence, earlier identification of possible fault rupture parameters in the Andaman Sea provides an information about the effects of the future risks of tsunami towards the west-coast of Malaysia.
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Jaffe, Bruce E., Jose C. Borrero, Gegar S. Prasetya, Robert Peters, Brian McAdoo, Guy Gelfenbaum, Robert Morton, et al. "Northwest Sumatra and Offshore Islands Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 105–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2207724.

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An International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) conducted field surveys of tsunami effects on the west coast of northern and central Sumatra and offshore islands 3–4 months after the 26 December 2004 tsunami. The study sites spanned 800 km of coastline from Breuh Island north of Banda Aceh to the Batu Islands, and included 22 sites in Aceh province in Sumatra and on Simeulue Island, Nias Island, the Banyak Islands, and the Batu Islands. Tsunami runup, elevation, flow depth, inundation distance, sedimentary characteristics of deposits, near-shore bathymetry, and vertical land movement (subsidence and uplift) were studied. The maximum tsunami elevations were greater than 16 m, and the maximum tsunami flow depths were greater than 13 m at all sites studied along 135 km of coastline in northwestern Sumatra. Tsunami flow depths were as much as 10 m at 1,500 m inland. Extensive tsunami deposits, primarily composed of sand and typically 5–20 cm thick, were observed in northwestern Sumatra.
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Pardede, Piki Darma Kristian, and Rudi Kristian. "Analysis of Strengthening Bureaucracy Neutrality Policy Implementation in the Local Elections (A Study in North Sumatera)." Journal of Local Government Issues 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/logos.v4i2.16418.

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The issue of bureaucratic neutrality is a serious problem that continues to recur in implementing local elections (Pilkada) in Indonesia. Reflecting on what happened in the 2015 and 2017 North Sumatra Simultaneous Pilkada, this study aims to revive bureaucratic and political relations. Public services. This study uses a qualitative approach with data obtained through in-depth interviews with bureaucratic apparatus in the local government, The North Sumatera Election Provincial Commission (KPUD), The North Sumatera Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), Independent Monitoring Institutions, Lecturer of Public Administration Universitas Sumatera Utara, observation and documentation. The results of this study emphasize the importance of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) to return to neutrality in increasing public trust in the bureaucracy. The results of this study emphasize the importance of ASN to return to neutrality in improving public confidence trust in the bureaucracy. This article argues for collaborative supervision conducted by various elements of government and society as an alternative strategic step to maintain the neutrality of State Civil Apparatus.
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Stimac, Jim, Agus M. Sihotang, Wildan Mussofan, Marino Baroek, Clay Jones, Joseph N. Moore, and Axel K. Schmitt. "Geologic controls on the Muara Laboh geothermal system, Sumatra, Indonesia." Geothermics 82 (November 2019): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.06.002.

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32

Reid, Anthony. "Two hitherto unknown Indonesian tsunamis of the seventeenth century: Probabilities and context." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246341500048x.

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The 2004 tsunami intensified fruitful scientific research into dating past tectonic events in Sumatra, though without comparable work on Java. Geology needs to be informed by careful historical research on documented events, but less such work has been done in Indonesia than in other tectonically endangered areas. This paper examines the historical evidence for two hitherto unknown tsunamis of the seventeenth century. In better-researched Sumatra, Dutch reports that a flood from the sea devastated Aceh in 1660 adds to what the geologists have discovered on the ground. By contrast geological research has barely begun on the south coast of Java. Javanese sources for events before 1800 need careful re-evaluation. The myths around Ratu Kidul, the ‘Queen of the South Seas’, together with more chronologically reliable dated babads, point to a major tsunami in 1618 on the coast south of Yogyakarta.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "Analysis of the difference in depths and variation in slope steepness of the Sunda Trench, Indonesia, east Indian Ocean." Revista de Geomorfologie 22, no. 1 (December 13, 2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21094/rg.2020.096.

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The paper discusses geomorphology of the Sunda Trench, an oceanic trench located in eastern Indian Ocean along the Sumatra and Java Islands of the Indonesian archipelago. In particular, it analysis the difference in depths and variation in slope steepness between the two segments of the trench: the southern Java transect (coordinates 108.8°E 10.10°S to 113.0°E 10.75°S) and the northern Sumatra transect (97.5°E 1.1°S to 101.0°E 5.5°S). The thematic maps and geomorphological modelling were plotted using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The materials include high-resolution data on topography, geology and geophysics: GEBCO 15 arc-minute resolution grid, EGM2008 2.5 minute Earth Gravitation Model of 2008, GlobSed global 5‐arc‐minute total sediment thickness and vector geological datasets. In addition to the GEBCO-based bathymetric data, geological, topographic and geophysical maps, the results include enlarged transects for the Java and Sumatra segments, their slope gradients and cross-section profiles, derived from the bathymetric GEBCO dataset. The geomorphology framework of the Sunda Trench is largely controlled by the subduction of the Australian plate underneath the Sunda microplate. The geological processes take place in basin of the Indian Ocean at different stages of its evolution and influence the nature of the submarine geomorphology and geometric shape of the trench. Sunda Trench is seismically active part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. A large number of the catastrophic earthquakes are recorded around the trench. The histograms shows variation in depths along the segments of the Sumatra and Java. The Java segment has a bell-shaped data distribution in contrast to the Sumatra with bimodal pattern. The Java segment has the most repetitive depths at -2,500 to -5,200 m. The Sumatra transect has two peaks: 1) a classic bell-shaped peak at depths -4,500 m to -5,500 m; 2) shelf area with a peak from 0 to -1,750 m. The data at middle depths (-1,750 to -4,500 m) have a frequency <300 samples. The most frequent bathymetry for the Sumatra segment corresponds to the -4,750 m to -5,000 m (2,151 samples). Comparing to the Sumatra segment, the Java segment is deeper. For the depths >-6,000 m, there are only 138 samples for the Sumatra while 547 samples for Java. Furthermore, Java segment has more symmetrical geometric shape while Sumatra segment is asymmetric, one-sided. The Sumatra segment has a steepness of 57.86° on its eastern side (facing Sumatra Island) and a contrasting 14.58° on the western part. The Java segment has a steepness of 64.34° on its northern side (facing Java Island) and 24.95° on the southern part (facing Indian Ocean). The paper contributes to the studies of the submarine geomorphology in Indonesia.
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Soeria-Atmadja, Rubini, and Dardji Noeradi. "Distribution of Early Tertiary volcanic rocks in south Sumatra and west Java." Island Arc 14, no. 4 (December 2005): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00476.x.

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35

Barber, A. J., and M. J. Crow. "A Critical Evaluation of Plate Tectonic Models for the Development of Sumatra." Gondwana Research 4, no. 4 (October 2001): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70374-9.

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36

Oktapiani, Etra Marleta, and Endang Wiwik Dyahastusti. "Geology Study and Granite Characteristics in Penandingan Area, Tanjung Sakti Pumi, Lahat, South Sumatra." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1363 (November 2019): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1363/1/012027.

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37

Boen, Teddy. "Structural Damage in the March 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2208147.

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Nias and Simeulue islands, which are west of Sumatra, suffered structural damage, largely from shaking, during a large earthquake on 28 March 2005. This earthquake occurred in roughly the same epicentral area as the 26 December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake. Within a few days of the 28 March earthquake, a team set out from Jakarta to survey the earthquake damage on both islands.
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38

Maselli, Vittorio, Davide Oppo, Andrew L. Moore, Aditya Riadi Gusman, Cassy Mtelela, David Iacopini, Marco Taviani, et al. "A 1000-yr-old tsunami in the Indian Ocean points to greater risk for East Africa." Geology 48, no. 8 (May 12, 2020): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47257.1.

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Abstract The December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami prompted an unprecedented research effort to find ancient precursors and quantify the recurrence time of such a deadly natural disaster. This effort, however, has focused primarily along the northern and eastern Indian Ocean coastlines, in proximal areas hardest hit by the tsunami. No studies have been made to quantify the recurrence of tsunamis along the coastlines of the western Indian Ocean, leading to an underestimation of the tsunami risk in East Africa. Here, we document a 1000-yr-old sand layer hosting archaeological remains of an ancient coastal Swahili settlement in Tanzania. The sedimentary facies, grain-size distribution, and faunal assemblages indicate a tsunami wave as the most likely cause for the deposition of this sand layer. The tsunami in Tanzania is coeval with analogous deposits discovered at eastern Indian Ocean coastal sites. Numerical simulations of tsunami wave propagation indicate a megathrust earthquake generated by a large rupture of the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone as the likely tsunami source. Our findings provide evidence that teletsunamis represent a serious threat to coastal societies along the western Indian Ocean, with implications for future tsunami hazard and risk assessments in East Africa.
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Abdurrahman, Dadi, Setianingsih, Susanti Alawiyah, Wawan Gunawan A. Kadir, Djoko Santoso, Darharta Dahrin, and Indra Gunawan. "Utilization of Gravity Satellite Data to Imaging Subsurface Conditions, Case Study: Lake Toba, North Sumatera." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 873, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012083.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to utilize satellite gravity data for free to interpret subsurface conditions. The data can be obtained from the topex site with a latitude range is +/-80,738. The author tries to interpret the gravity data for Lake Toba, North Sumatra. The area is attractive because it has a sizeable geological object in the form of a large lake and a fault called the Sumatran fault. This gravity data is processed like ordinary gravity processing so that Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) is obtained, then regional-residual separation is carried out using a moving average. From CBA, it can be seen that there are two closures just below Lake Toba. There are two possible chambers under Lake Toba, namely the central and southern parts. In addition, it is also clear that the lineament of the Sumatran fault is also visible, as well as three other lineaments which may be faults that are not identified from the surface. So, we can take advantage of this free gravity satellite data for interpretation of sizeable geological objects that can be applied to other areas. It is helpful to know the general picture of regional geology before conducting a more detailed survey.
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McCarroll, Robert Jak, Ian T. Graham, Russell Fountain, Karen Privat, and Jon Woodhead. "The Ojolali region, Sumatra, Indonesia: Epithermal gold–silver mineralisation within the Sunda Arc." Gondwana Research 26, no. 1 (July 2014): 218–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.08.013.

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41

Walter, Thomas R., and Falk Amelung. "Volcanic eruptions following M ≥ 9 megathrust earthquakes: Implications for the Sumatra-Andaman volcanoes." Geology 35, no. 6 (2007): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g23429a.1.

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42

Crow, M. J., I. M. Van Waveren, and S. K. Donovan. "Tobler's oyster and the age of the Tabir Formation, Jambi Province, central Sumatra." Geological Journal 44, no. 1 (January 2009): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.1138.

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43

Cahyaningsih, Catur, Puja Fransismik Crensonni, Yogi Aditia, Adi Suryadi, Yuniarti Yuskar, Tiggi Choanji, and Dewandra Bagus Eka Putra. "Petrography, Geology Structure and Landslide Characterization of Sumatra Fault Deformation: Study Case In Km 10-15 Highway, Koto Baru Sub District, West of Sumatra." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.4.2062.

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Research area is around Tanjung Balik, Koto Baru Sub Base, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra Province. Located along the highway Km 10-15 Riau – West Sumatra and the coordinate around 00˚08'40 '' LU - 0˚11'20 '' N and 100˚45'20 '' BT - 100˚47'00 '' BT. The purpose of research to identify petrography, microstructure, types of landslides and the geological condition. The methods using polarization microscope, stereography, landslide identification survey and geological mapping. The result of study shows the petrography analysis of lithology of study area are classified into three types of rocks are Feldspathic Greywacke, Lithic Arenite, and Slate. Microstructures trending system show the foliation structure that is relatively Southeast-Northwest. Types of landslide which dominates in the research area are debris avalanche and translational landslide. Geological analysis show some of rock units are classified into two units: Sandstone Unit and Slate Unit. Sandstone Unit spread in the northern part of the study area, while Slate Unit spread in the southern part of the study area. The characteristics of these rocks showed Pematang Formation.
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44

Muhammad Muhsin Al Hakim, Arifudin Idrus, and Wiwit Suryanto. "GEOLOGY AND ORE CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW SULFIDATION EPITHERMAL GOLD MINERALIZATION AT TAMBANG SAWAH, LEBONG, BENGKULU PROVINCE." KURVATEK 7, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v7i2.3185.

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Abstract –– Tambang Sawah Area, Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, is geologically located in the Barisan mountains and Sumatra fault zone. The prospect of Tambang Sawah area lies in the physiography of the central Sumatran mountains ranges composed by the igneous rocks of the Sunda – Banda magmatic arc. This study is aimed to understand the deposit geology and ore characteristics of the gold deposit at the study area. Quartz vein mineralization of Tambang Sawah occurred in granite rock intruded into andesitic breccia rocks, with the geological structure of mineralization control in the form of joint, breccia, dike, and fault, namely the Ketahun fault that forms extentional fracture zones which were filled by hydrothermal fluid in form of quartz veins. Hydrothermal alterations that appear at the study site are typical types of alterations found in epithermal gold deposits, namely, argillic, silicified and propylitic. Sulfide minerals markers of low sulfidation epithermal type gold deposits found, namely, pyrite, calcopyrite, covelite, sphalerite and galena with colloform vein texture, cockade-crustiform, moss, and brecciated texture. Gold is interpreted to be derived from the deposition of sulfide minerals and the deposition of quartz veins, the level of gold in rocks and veins varies greatly with an average 4,8 ppm. Based on the results of ore geochemical analysis of positively correlated gold with elements Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn. Keywords: Mineralization, low sulfidation epithermal gold, Tambang Sawah, Lebong, Bengkulu.
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45

Kanamori, Hiroo. "Seismological Aspects of the December 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (June 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2201969.

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The 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake had an average source duration of about 500 sec. and a rupture length of 1,200–1,300 km. The seismic moment, M0, determined with a finite source model, was 6.5×1022 N- m, which corresponds to Mw=9.18. Allowing for the uncertainties in the current M0 determinations, Mw is in the range of 9.1 to 9.3. The tsunami magnitude Mt is 9.1, suggesting that the overall size of the tsunami is consistent with what is expected of an earthquake with Mw=9.1 to 9.3. The short-period body-wave magnitude m^ b is 7.25, which is considerably smaller than that of large earthquakes with a comparable Mw. The m^ b versus Mw relationship indicates that, overall, the Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is not a tsunami earthquake. The tectonic environment of the rupture zone of the Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is very different from that of other great earthquakes, such as the 1960 Chile and the 1964 Alaska earthquakes. This difference may be responsible for the unique source characteristics of this earthquake. The extremely large size of the Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is reflected in the large amplitude of the long-period phase, the W phase, even in the early part of the seismograms before the arrival of the S wave. This information could be used for various early warning purposes.
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Cahyaningsih, Catur, Puja Fransismik Crensonni, Adi Suryadi, Husnu lKausarian, Tiggi Choanji, Yuniarti Yuskar, and Dewandra Bagus Eka Putra. "Geomorphology and structural geology characterization of landslide prone area in Riau-West of Sumatra Highway." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 536 (June 10, 2019): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/536/1/012063.

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47

Lange, Dietrich, Frederik Tilmann, Tim Henstock, Andreas Rietbrock, Danny Natawidjaja, and Heidrun Kopp. "Structure of the central Sumatran subduction zone revealed by local earthquake travel-time tomography using an amphibious network." Solid Earth 9, no. 4 (August 21, 2018): 1035–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1035-2018.

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Abstract. The Sumatran subduction zone exhibits strong seismic and tsunamogenic potential with the prominent examples of the 2004, 2005 and 2007 earthquakes. Here, we invert travel-time data of local earthquakes for vp and vp∕vs velocity models of the central Sumatran forearc. Data were acquired by an amphibious seismometer network consisting of 52 land stations and 10 ocean-bottom seismometers located on a segment of the Sumatran subduction zone that had not ruptured in a great earthquake since 1797 but witnessed recent ruptures to the north in 2005 (Nias earthquake, Mw = 8.7) and to the south in 2007 (Bengkulu earthquake, Mw = 8.5). The 2-D and 3-D vp velocity anomalies reveal the downgoing slab and the sedimentary basins. Although the seismicity pattern in the study area appears to be strongly influenced by the obliquely subducting Investigator Fracture Zone to at least 200 km depth, the 3-D velocity model shows prevailing trench-parallel structures at depths of the plate interface. The tomographic model suggests a thinned crust below the basin east of the forearc islands (Nias, Pulau Batu, Siberut) at ∼ 180 km distance to the trench. vp velocities beneath the magmatic arc and the Sumatran fault zone (SFZ) are around 5 km s−1 at 10 km depth and the vp∕vs ratios in the uppermost 10 km are low, indicating the presence of felsic lithologies typical for continental crust. We find moderately elevated vp∕vs values of 1.85 at ∼ 150 km distance to the trench in the region of the Mentawai Fault. vp∕vs ratios suggest an absence of large-scale alteration of the mantle wedge and might explain why the seismogenic plate interface (observed as a locked zone from geodetic data) extends below the continental forearc Moho in Sumatra. Reduced vp velocities beneath the forearc basin covering the region between the Mentawai Islands and the Sumatra mainland possibly reflect a reduced thickness of the overriding crust.
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48

Guo, Q., R. Fink, R. Littke, and L. Zieger. "Methane sorption behaviour of coals altered by igneous intrusion, South Sumatra Basin." International Journal of Coal Geology 214 (October 2019): 103250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2019.103250.

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49

Pan, Tso-Chien. "Site-Dependent Building Response in Singapore to Long-Distance Sumatra Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 3 (August 1997): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585958.

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Singapore is a city state located in a low seismicity area with mild winds. The country is a classic example of low seismic hazard and high exposure scenario. It is about 400 km away from a highly active earthquake belt, the Sumatra subduction complex, where great earthquakes have occurred in the past. Twenty-seven earthquakes have been reportedly felt in Singapore since the British settlement in 1819. The frequency of these felt events seems to be rising with time as the country develops. The response of a building to long-distance earthquakes is dependent on the type of structural systems and the local geological conditions. Tall buildings founded on Quaternary deposit, i.e. the Kallang Formation, are particularly apt to respond to the long-distance Sumatra earthquakes. Microtremor measurement results correlate well with the geological conditions and give evidence to the phenomenon of site dependent building response in Singapore to the long-distance Sumatra earthquakes.
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50

Deonath, Abhijit, and Basab Mukhopadhyay. "A panoptic view of western margin of Sundaland: Causes of seismic vulnerability of Sumatra." Journal of the Geological Society of India 81, no. 5 (May 2013): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-013-0085-8.

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