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Journal articles on the topic 'Geology – New South Wales – Sydney Basin'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Ward, Colin R., Peter R. Warbrooke, and F. Ivor Roberts. "Geochemical and mineralogical changes in a coal seam due to contact metamorphism, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Coal Geology 11, no. 2 (March 1989): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(89)90001-3.

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2

Arditto, Peter A. "A Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the Late Permian Succession in the Dural Area, Central Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Exploration Geophysics 31, no. 4 (September 2000): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg00565.

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3

Maravelis, Angelos G., Elina Chamilaki, Nikos Pasadakis, Avraam Zelilidis, and William J. Collins. "Hydrocarbon generation potential of a Lower Permian sedimentary succession (Mount Agony Formation): Southern Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Southeast Australia." International Journal of Coal Geology 183 (October 2017): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2017.09.017.

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4

Greenhalgh, S. A., M. Suprajitno, and D. W. King. "Shallow seismic reflection investigations of coal in the Sydney Basin." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 7 (July 1986): 1426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442191.

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Surface reflection profiling with the Mini‐SOSIE technique successfully mapped shallow coal seam structure in the western Sydney Basin, New South Wales. Several minor faults and zones of fracturing were detected. In regions of thick Triassic sandstone cover, data quality was poor and unsuitable for geologic interpretation. Synthetic seismograms based on nearby borehole and petrophysical control show excellent agreement with the Mini‐SOSIE sections and illustrate the deleterious filtering effects of coal seams and sequences. To establish a phenomenological basis for seismic wave propagation in shallow coal measures, two vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) which used small explosive charges were recorded with high spatial and temporal sampling. Numerous multiple reflections were observed in the downgoing wave display. The isolated upgoing waves were migrated to yield blurred images of the main coal seams. The subsurface velocity function, also deduced from the VSP, shows broad correlation with the geologic log. The VSP seismograms are not simple because of the combined effects of wave absorption, scattering, and interference. Such problems impede recovery of fine structural detail from seismic data in the shallow environment, particularly when a surface energy source is used.

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5

C. Chessman, Bruce, and Simon A. Williams. "Biodiversity and conservation of river macroinvertebrates on an expanding urban fringe: western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 1 (1999): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990036.

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As in many growing urban areas, the prevention of environmental damage as Sydney spreads westward into the Hawkesbury-Nepean River basin is a major challenge for planners, managers and the local community, We surveyed macroinvertebrates at 45 river and stream sites in April-June 1996, and reviewed data from other sources, in order to assess the issues involved in conservation of the lotic macro invertebrate fauna, Regional richness is high with 443 recorded species and morphospecies, Cluster analysis showed community pattems related mainly to waterway size (separating the Hawkesbury-Nepean River from tributary streams), geology (tributaries on shale or sandstone), tidal intrusion and urbanization (impoverished faunas in urban streams). The ability of genus richness of mites and major insect orders to reflect overall genus richness at a site was limited, and Diptera and Trichoptera appear to have the greatest value as biodiversity predictors. Urban expansion is the major threat to lotic macro invertebrate communities in the region, but agriculture, flow regulation, sand and gravel ex1raction and introduced species have probably also impacted on the fauna, Streams with high conservation value for macroinvertebrates include those few on the Cumberland Plain and surrounding slopes that retain substantial indigenous vegetation in relatively undeveloped catchments. The Hawkesbury-Nepean River sfill harbours a rich faunal community and is also important for conservation, The development of effective strategies for conservation assessment and management is problematic for several reasons, Some species in the region are known to be vulnerable, but the status of most cannot be assessed because of a lack of taxonomic and zoogeographic information, Most "biodiversity indicator" concepts are of dubious value for aquatic macroinvertebrate conservation. A multi-faceted management approach emphasizing subcatchment reserves, riparian restoration and the control of threatening processes is required.

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6

Faiz, M. M., and A. C. Hutton. "COAL SEAM GAS IN THE SOUTHERN SYDNEY BASIN, NEW SOUTH WALES." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96025.

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The coal seam gas content of the Late Permian Illawarra Coal Measures ranges from Methane that occurs within the basin was mainly derived as a by-product of coalification. Most of the CO2 was derived from intermittent magmatic activity between the Triassic and the Tertiary. This gas has subsequently migrated, mainly in solution, towards structural highs and accumulated in anticlines and near sealed faults.The total desorbable gas content of the coal seams is mainly related to depth, gas composition and geological structure. At depths

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7

Fergusson, C. L., A. Bray, and P. Hatherly. "Cenozoic Development of the Lapstone Structural Complex, Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 1 (February 2011): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2011.534505.

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8

Bai, G. P., and J. B. Keene. "Petrology and diagenesis of Narrabeen group sandstones, Sydney Basin, New South Wales∗." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 5 (October 1996): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099608728274.

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9

Graham, Lan T., and Ross E. Pogson. "The Albert Chapman Mineral Collection: Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.29-39.

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10

Clegg, John, and Simon Ghantous. "Rock-paintings of exotic animals in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." Before Farming 2003, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2003.1.7.

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11

Memarian, H., and C. L. Fergusson. "Multiple fracture sets in the southeastern Permian-Triassic Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 1 (February 2003): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2003.00976.x.

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12

Grybowski, D. A. "EXPLORATION IN PERMIT NSW/P10 IN THE OFFSHORE SYDNEY BASIN." APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91019.

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The offshore Sydney Basin is unique frontier acreage because it is adjacent to Australia's largest gas and petroleum market on the east coast of New South Wales. Although the onshore Sydney Basin has been tested by more than 100 petroleum exploration wells, no wells have been drilled offshore.New South Wales Permit NSW/P10 has an area of 9419 km2 and extends over the offshore northern and central Sydney Basin which contains Upper Carboniferous to Middle Triassic lithiclastic and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks and volcanics. Maximum depth to magnetic basement in NSW/P10 is greater that 9 km in the southern Macquarie Syncline and south of the New England Fold Belt at the continental margin. Recent seismic reprocessing and aeromagnetic surveying have focused the exploration effort on northern NSW/P10 where thick (greater than 1600 m) Upper Permian section containing source and reservoir facies is predicted. Other areas in the permit are less prospective because of widespread intrasedimentary magnetic bodies or the absence by erosion of Upper Permian and Triassic section.The Sydney Basin is an exhumed basin that reached its maximum depth of burial in the Early Cretaceous prior to basinwide uplift of 1.5-3.5 km during the Tasman Sea rifting. The magnitude and timing of the exhumation can be demonstrated with fluid inclusion, magnetisation, fission track and vitrinite reflectance data. The presence of commercial quantities of oil or gas in Upper Permian reservoirs depends on trap integrity having been maintained during the epeirogeny, or the re-migration of hydrocarbon into new traps.

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13

Bowyer, J. K. "Basin changes in Jervis Bay, New South Wales: 1894–1988." Marine Geology 105, no. 1-4 (March 1992): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90189-o.

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14

Arditto, P. A. "AN INTEGRATED GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF A PORTION OF THE OFFSHORE SYDNEY BASIN, NEW SOUTH WALES." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02026.

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The study area is within PEP 11, which is more than 200 km in length, covers an area over 8,200 km2 and lies immediately offshore of Sydney, Australia’s largest gas and petroleum market on the east coast of New South Wales. Permit water depths range from 40 m to 200 m. While the onshore Sydney Basin has received episodic interest in petroleum exploration drilling, no deep exploration wells have been drilled offshore.A reappraisal of available data indicates the presence of suitable oil- and wet gas-prone source rocks of the Late Permian coal measure succession and gas-prone source rocks of the middle to early Permian marine outer shelf mudstone successions within PEP 11. Reservoir quality is an issue within the onshore Permian succession and, while adequate reservoir quality exists in the lower Triassic succession, this interval is inferred to be absent over much of PEP 11. Quartz-rich arenites of the Late Permian basal Sydney Subgroup are inferred to be present in the western part of PEP 11 and these may form suitable reservoirs. Seismic mapping indicates the presence of suitable structures for hydrocarbon accumulation within the Permian succession of PEP 11, but evidence points to significant structuring post-dating peak hydrocarbon generation. Uplift and erosion of the order of 4 km (based on onshore vitrinite reflectance studies and offshore seismic truncation geometries) is inferred to have taken place over the NE portion of the study area within PEP 11. Published burial history modelling indicates hydrocarbon generation from the Late Permian coal measures commenced by or before the mid-Triassic and terminated during a mid-Cretaceous compressional uplift prior to the opening of the Tasman Sea.Structural plays identified in the western and southwestern portion of PEP 11 are well positioned to contain Late Permian clean, quartz-rich, fluvial to nearshore marine reservoir facies of the coal measures. These were sourced from the western Tasman Fold Belt. The reservoir facies are also well positioned to receive hydrocarbons expelled from adjacent coal and carbonaceous mudstone source rock facies, but must rely on early trap integrity or re-migrated hydrocarbons and, being relatively shallow, have a risk of biodegradation. Structural closures along the main offshore uplift appear to have been stripped of the Late Permian coal measure succession and must rely on mid-Permian to Early Permian petroleum systems for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation.

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15

Arditto, P. A. "A sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Late Permian succession in the Southern Coalfield, Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no. 2 (May 1991): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099108727961.

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16

Tye, S. C., C. R. Fielding, and B. G. Jones. "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Permian Talaterang and Shoalhaven Groups in the southernmost Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 1 (February 1996): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099608728235.

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17

Palamakumbure, Darshika, Phil Flentje, and David Stirling. "Consideration of optimal pixel resolution in deriving landslide susceptibility zoning within the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." Computers & Geosciences 82 (September 2015): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2015.05.002.

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18

Loughnan, F. C., and F. I. Roberts. "Dickite‐ and kaolinite‐bearing sandstones and conglomerates in Illawarra Coal Measures of the Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 3 (September 1986): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098608729369.

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19

Ward, Colin R., D. A. Spears, Carol A. Booth, Ian Staton, and Lila W. Gurba. "Mineral matter and trace elements in coals of the Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Coal Geology 40, no. 4 (July 1999): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-5162(99)00006-3.

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20

Glen, R. A., and J. Beckett. "Structure and tectonics along the inner edge of a foreland basin: The Hunter Coalfield in the northern Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 6 (December 1997): 853–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728359.

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21

Alder, J. D., S. Hawley, T. Maung, J. Scott, R. D. Shaw, A. Sinelnikov, and G. Kouzmina. "PROSPECTIVITY OF THE OFFSHORE SYDNEY BASIN: A NEW PERSPECTIVE." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97004.

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Approximately 40 per cent of the 52,000 km2 Sydney Basin lies in shallow waters (less than 200 m) off the central New South Wales coast. Containing more than 5,000 m of Permo-Triassic marine and non-marine sediments, and having been the subject of several previous exploration campaigns, no wells have been drilled in the offshore despite widespread numerous occurrences of oil and gas onshore.The Sydney Basin, together with the Bowen and Gunnedah basins, form a major longitudinal Permo-Triassic basinal complex stretching 2,500 km down the eastern margin of Australia. Whereas the onset of this basinal development may have been extensional, reinterpretation of seismic and other geophysical data highlight the potential role played in the early development of the Sydney Basin by easterly directed compression. A compressional style is to be contrasted with the dominantly extensional style interpreted by others for the adjacent onshore areas. The most conspicuous structural element in the offshore, the Offshore Uplift, is interpreted to represent the western overthrust edge of the Currarong Orogen. Accepting the Panthalassan margin geometry of Veevers and Powell (1994) it follows that the Offshore Uplift and restored Dampier Ridge would have constituted a 'greater Currarong Orogen'. A series of progressive westerly directed thrust fronts may have been established across the Panthalassan margin, including the uplifted western margin of the Currarong Orogen, which over-rode and created a thrust load onto the eastern margin of the Lachlan Fold Belt. Much of the Early Permian development of the Sydney Basin therefore could have resulted as a consequence of foreland loading. This is consistent with depositional trends including the overall westerly directed marine transgression which dominated the sedimentary record of the Early Permian. Alternatively, this marine transgression may represent the sag phase induced along a segment of the Bowen-Sydney rift system that had been offset by the Hunter River Transverse Zone from the Gunnedah Basin to a site coincident with the Offshore Syncline.Previous interpretations identified structural development of the Currarong Orogen as either a Cretaceous (Tasman Sea rift related) or Middle to Late Permian phenomena. Early Permian structural growth of the offshore Uplift has important implications for petroleum exploration. The major impediment to exploration appears to be the perception that the Sydney Basin lacks suitable reservoir targets and is gas-prone. Potential source and seal sequences occur extensively within both Early Permian marine shales and siltstones and Early and Late Permian coal measure sequences. The emerging uplift provided a major sediment provenance area and represented a barrier behind which restricted anoxic conditions flourished, conditions favouring the preservation of organic matter. Late Permian and Triassic sequences are absent across the crestal portions of the uplift. However, the emerging, sea-ward facing flank of the uplift would have been subject to marginal and shallow marine, wave-base, barrier and strand bar deposition during the Lower Permian, conditions known in the onshore to favour better reservoir development.Gas demand to the greater Sydney region is anticipated to exceed supply by the year 2000, and new gas markets are being eagerly sought in time for the expiration, in 2006, of the current contract under which gas is supplied to Sydney via the Moomba pipeline.Cretaceous, Tasman Sea rift related, structuring is subordinate to that of the earlier compressional and wrench related structuring. Several new structural targets have been added to the existing inventory of prospects and leads, including some now considered optiminally located with respect to source rock and reservoir development.

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22

Damiani, Ross J. "Giant temnospondyl amphibians from the Early to Middle Triassic Narrabeen Group of the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 23, no. 2 (January 1999): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519908619324.

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23

Lambourne, A. N., B. J. Evans, and P. J. Hatherly. "The application of the 3D seismic surveying technique to coal seam imaging: case histories from the Arckaringa and Sydney basins." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989137.

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Two dimensional seismic surveying is commonly used in the coal mining industry to assist the mining and development of coal deposits by seismically imaging coal seams. A specialised three dimensional seismic surveying technique has recently been performed over coal mining leases in South Australia and New South Wales, to trial its applicability to coal mine planning and extraction operations.The first two case histories of its trial in Australia are presented, and the conclusion drawn that the specialised three dimensional technique developed to date offers the ability to image coal seams in three dimensions and thereby improve mine planning in regions of complex faulting.

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24

Harris, JH. "Age of Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Perciformes : Percichthyidae), in the Sydney Basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 2 (1985): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850235.

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The age of M. novemaculeata from the Hawkesbury River and other streams in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, was determined by using otoliths. Annuli were counted after simple sectioning of otoliths and intensification of the growth-check pattern by a two-stage burning technique. Age determinations were validated by the use of fish of known age; an error of + 1 year occurred in 17% of determinations. Ages of older fish (14+ to 18+ years) were not overestimated by more than 2-4 years, if at all. Progression of year-classes, and the annual nature of growth-check formation, further validated age determinations. Scale-reading seriously underestimated the age of bass. M. novemaculeata is a long-lived species. The oldest fish was 22+ years, and the mean age of the sample (n = 607) was 4.9 years. There are significant differences in longevity between the sexes; fewer males reach the older age-groups. About 10% of juvenlle fish deposited a growth-check in their otoliths during their upstream recruitment migration. The frequency of this 'migration check' was increased to 20% by capture and relocation of juveniles to isolated waters. A procedure was designed to identify migration checks in wild fish.

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25

Kruse, Peter D. "Further Australian Cambrian sphinctozoans." Geological Magazine 124, no. 6 (November 1987): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800017374.

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AbstractTwo new genera and species of Middle Cambrian sphinctozoans, Jawonya gurumal and Wagima galbanyin, are described from the Tindall Limestone of the Daly Basin, Northern Territory, within continental platform successions of the northern Australian craton. They are ambisiphonate sebargasiids, coeval with the island-arc shelf fauna from the Ordian Stage of western New South Wales. Additionally, a new Early Cambrian (Atdabanian equivalent) species, ?Jawonya tiro, displaying some sphinctozoan and some archaeocyathan features, is documented from the Ajax Limestone of the Arrowie Basin, South Australia. It is tentatively regarded as the oldest known sphinctozoan, but raises the possibility of the derivation of sphinctozoans from archaeocyaths. A brief review charts the Early–Middle Palaeozoic history of the sphinctozoans. The use of filling tissue type as a family-level criterion in sphinctozoan classification needs some reappraisal, as some types are of secondary origin.

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26

Hegarty, Rosemary. "Interpretation of aeromagnetic and gravity data from western New South Wales – identifying basin and basement geology." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2012, no. 1 (December 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2012ab281.

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27

MAHONY, MICHAEL, BEDE MOSES, STEPHEN V. MAHONY, FRANK L. LEMCKERT, and STEPHEN DONNELLAN. "A new species of frog in the Litoria ewingii species group (Anura: Pelodryadidae) from south-eastern Australia." Zootaxa 4858, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4858.2.3.

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Population declines and range contractions among Australian frogs that commenced in the early 1980s continue in some species that were once widespread. The generality of this pattern has been difficult to discern, especially for those species that are encountered rarely because they have restricted periods of calling activity with poorly defined habitat preferences, and are not common. Several lines of evidence indicate that Litoria littlejohni is such a species. This frog was once known from mid-eastern New South Wales to eastern Victoria, and evidence from wildlife atlas databases and targeted searches indicate that it has declined in large portions of its former range, leaving several populations that are isolated, in some cases restricted in distribution, and of small size. We investigated the relationships among populations using mitochondrial ND4 nucleotide sequences and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the nuclear genome. We found that northern and southern populations form two highly divergent genetic groups whose distributions abut at the southern margin of the Sydney Basin Bioregion and these genetic groups also show divergence in morphology and male advertisement calls. Here we describe the populations to the south of the Sydney Basin Bioregion as a new species and provide information on its distribution and ecology. In light of the apparent isolation and small size of known populations of the new species and the consequent restriction of the range of L. littlejohni, we assessed the conservation status of both species.

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28

Harris, JH. "Diet of the Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Perciformes : Percichthyidae), in the Sydney Basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 2 (1985): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850219.

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Stomach contents of Australian bass, M. novemaculeata, sampled from the Hawkesbury River and Georges River in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, between November 1977 and January 1982 were analysed by the occurrence and points methods. Stomach fullness was also recorded. A total of 143 aquatic and terrestrial animal taxa were present in the diet, and these were grouped into 19 food types for analysis. M. novemaculeata is a euryphagic carnivore. Season and habitat type had significant effects on composition of the diet. Insects were the most important food type, followed by fish and large crustaceans. A large proportion of the diet of bass was derived from allochthonous sources, mainly during summer, and especially in lotic habitats. Mean stomach fullness was highest in spring and lowest in winter. Young M. novernaculeata (TL 11-47 mm) from the Hawkesbury River estuary fed on far fewer prey taxa (mainly chironomids and copepods) than did adults. Dietary overlap occurs between M. novemaculeata and many other carnivorous freshwater vertebrates in the Sydney Basin. However, persistent competitive clashes are generally avoided, either by differences in microhabitat preference and feeding behaviour or by larger-scale habitat partitioning.

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29

Dickins, J. "A History of Research on Hunter Fault System or "Lineament"." Earth Sciences History 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.2.a686377183m24773.

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The Hunter Fault System or "Lineament" separates the Permian and Triassic of Sydney Basin in New South Wales from the relatively complicated region to the north and east with exposed Carboniferous and older rocks and an increasing amount of identified Permian. David in his inimitable fashion grasped the essentials in 1907. He noted that the fold movements began towards the end of the Upper Permian with an important phase between the Upper Coal Measures and the Narrabeen Series. He also noted the main north-south component. The interest kindled by David was reflected in the work of Browne, Carey, Osborne, Raggatt, and Voisey. These workers established that the Carboniferous was affected by tectonic movement prior to the Permian and that the main ("orogenic") folding of the Permian/Triassic began with deposition of the Muree Formation and continued during the Upper Permian with overthrusting at the end of the Permian followed by strong rotational stress. This entire episode was called the Hunter-Bowen Movement by Carey and Browne in 1938. They also noted that the area of the subsequently developed Sydney Basin supplied sediment in the Carboniferous to the north and east. Raggatt, in his unpublished thesis of 1938 had already concluded that increasing compression led to upthrusting and eventually to torsion. Much of this seems to have been lost sight of in recent work. Current work confirms that the Permian/Triassic folding began with the Muree and that prior to this in the Permian a northwest to southeast graben was present to the south and west of the Hunter structure. Prior to the Permian the area of the Sydney Basin supplied detritus in the Carboniferous north and east of the Hunter structure apparently indicating a long-lived structure or lineament on which a reversal of movement took place.

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30

WILLIAMS, ALAN N., FENELLA ATKINSON, MICHELLE LAU, and PHILLIP S. TOMS. "A glacial cryptic refuge in south-east Australia: human occupation and mobility from 36 000 years ago in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Journal of Quaternary Science 29, no. 8 (November 2014): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2742.

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31

Abu-Shamma, S., I. T. Graham, P. Lennox, G. Bann, and A. Greig. "Basaltic dykes and their xenoliths from the Gerroa–Kiama region, southern Sydney Basin, New South Wales: evidence for multiple intrusive episodes." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 69, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 539–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2022.2000024.

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32

Belmer, Nakia, and Ian Alexander Wright. "Regional Comparison of Impacts to Stream Macroinvertebrates from Active and Inactive Coal Mine Wastewater Discharges, Sydney Basin, New South Wales Australia." American Journal of Water Science and Engineering 5, no. 2 (2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190502.13.

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33

Creech, Michael. "Tuffaceous deposition in the Newcastle Coal Measures: challenging existing concepts of peat formation in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Coal Geology 51, no. 3 (August 2002): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-5162(02)00084-8.

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34

Sutherland, F. L. "Late thermal events based on zircon fission track ages in northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland: Links to Sydney Basin seismicity?" Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 5 (October 1993): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099308728097.

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35

Belmer, Nakia, and Ian Alexander Wright. "Regional Comparison of Impacts from Seven Australian Coal Mine Wastewater Discharges on Downstream River Sediment Chemistry, Sydney Basin, New South Wales Australia." American Journal of Water Science and Engineering 5, no. 2 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190502.11.

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36

McPhie, J. "Evolution of a non-resurgent cauldron: the Late Permian Coombadjha Volcanic Complex, northeastern New South Wales, Australia." Geological Magazine 123, no. 3 (May 1986): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800034749.

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AbstractThe Coombadjha Volcanic Complex is the remnant of a Late Permian cauldron. It is part of an extensive sequence of silicic calc-alkaline volcanics that covers the southeastern portion of the New England Orogen in NSW. The Complex is elliptical, measuring 15 × 24 km, and is outlined by a ring pluton and an arcuate fault. Bedding in the volcanic units of the Complex defines a structural basin, with steep inward dips at the monoclinal rim and gentle to horizontal orientations near the centre. An older group of outflow ignimbrites, lavas, breccias and volcaniclastic rocks at least 1500 m thick, is conformably overlain by more than 500 m of texturally homogeneous, crystal-rich, dacitic ignimbrite. Ignimbrites of the older group are the products of several discrete eruptions from separate vents, all of which were situated outside the Coombadjha area. Silicic lava domes with volcaniclastic aprons, and a tuff ring, mark the positions of local vents active on a small scale during intervals between the emplacement of the outflow ignimbrites. No significant subsidence occurred, nor did a caldera exist at this stage. Cauldron subsidence occurred in response to the large magnitude eruption that produced the crystal-rich ignimbrite. The central cauldron block was lowered at least 2000 m by downwarping and fault displacement, and remained largely intact. There is no evidence for resurgent doming of the cauldron after subsidence, although igneous activity continued with intrusion of an adamellite ring pluton along much of the cauldron margin. The crystal-rich ignimbrite and the ring pluton are similar in composition and may have been successive products of a common magma source that sustained this simple, single cauldron cycle.

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Semeniuk, Trudi A. "The Hornsby Quarry Geosite, NSW, Australia—A Geoheritage Treasure." Land 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122124.

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Quarrying for aggregate material at Hornsby in New South Wales (Australia) exposed a >100 m-deep cross-section of the volcanic neck of a Jurassic diatreme, which extruded through the Sydney Basin deposits. The cross-section reveals volcanic features at many scales. Globally, there are very few instances of such excellent 3D exposure. It is arguable that this exposure alone makes it a geosite of international value. However, evaluation of the Hornsby Diatreme using a geoheritage toolkit shows that it meets various geoheritage conservation criteria, being a reference site, and an historically and culturally important site, as well as hosting important archival material. It has significant features at various scales: at the macroscale, where dish beds are visible on all quarry walls, preserving the structure formed during volcanic accretion and later caldera collapse; at the mesoscale, where breccia and surge layers are visible, providing insight into how magma interacted with various host rock types; and at the microscale, where lapilli, chilled margins on host rock blocks, and carbon-rich xenoliths are visible in hand specimens. As such, the Hornsby Quarry hosts a world-class array of volcanic features and preserves an important period of volcanic and post-volcanic history within the Sydney Basin, fostering geoeducation and geotourism.

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Mayer, Wolf. "William Noel Benson (1885-1957): Insights into the Life and Work of an Eminent Geologist." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.1.787u2x34ln22hg31.

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William Noel Benson was one of the most renowned geologists in Australia and New Zealand during the first half of the twentieth century. He studied geology at the Universities of Sydney and Cambridge and occupied the Chair of Geology at the University of Otago with great distinction for thirty-three years. His research work extended across the greater part of the geological spectrum and gained him world-wide recognition and a reputation as a scholar in the classical mode. His name is today most closely associated with his pioneering work on the composition, origin and tectonic setting of the mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Great Serpentine Belt of New South Wales, and with his unfinished study of the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Dunedin district, in New Zealand. He also made important contributions in such diverse fields as palaeontology, geomorphology, engineering geology and medical geology. Benson was a highly respected teacher and a compassionate man with deep religious convictions.

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39

Farman, Roy M., and Phil R. Bell. "Australia's earliest tetrapod swimming traces from the Hawkesbury Sandstone (Middle Triassic) of the Sydney Basin." Journal of Paleontology 94, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 966–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.22.

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AbstractThe Hawkesbury Sandstone (Hawkesbury Series, Sydney Basin) on the southeastern coast of New South Wales, Australia, preserves a depauperate but important vertebrate tetrapod body-fossil record from the Early and Middle Triassic. As with many fossil sites around the world, the ichnological record has helped to shed light on the paleoecology of this interval. Herein, we investigate historical reports of a trackway pertaining to a putative short-tailed reptile found at Berowra Creek in the 1940s. Reinvestigation of the surviving track-bearing slabs augmented by archival photographs of the complete trackway, suggests that these impressions, which consist primarily of didactyl tracks (plus less common monodactyl and tridactyl traces), represent the earliest example of a swimming tetrapod found in Australia. Another isolated specimen (possibly from a nearby locality at Annangrove) appears to represent similar didactyl swim traces of a second, larger individual. Although the identities of the trackmakers are unknown, the Berowra Creek individual had an estimated body length of between ~80 cm (short-coupled) and 1.35 m (long-coupled), and produced the subaqueous trackway while travelling upslope (against the current) on a sandbar within a braided river system of the Hawkesbury Sandstone. These trackways partially resemble amphibian swim traces in the so-called Batrachichnus C Lunichnium continuum, but appear to represent a unique locomotion trace. This reanalysis of the Berowra Creek trackway provides insight into the locomotion of tetrapods of the Triassic Hawkesbury Series, which remains a poorly understood aspect of their life history.

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Williams, Alan N., Josephine McDonald, Fenella Atkinson, Phil S. Toms, Alistair Hobbs, Laressa Barry, Tom Sapienza, Jamie C. Wood, and Trudy Doelman. "Was Aboriginal population recovery delayed after the Last Glacial Maximum? A synthesis of a terminal Pleistocene deposit from the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 40 (December 2021): 103225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103225.

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41

Sutton, Pat. "Paul Ramdohr in Australia: Contributions to Mineralogy, Mineragraphy, Ore Genesis and Meteoritics Resulting from His Three Visits." Historical Records of Australian Science 23, no. 2 (2012): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12007.

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Paul Ramdohr (1890-1985), celebrated mineralogist, ore-deposit researcher and pioneer of ore microscopy spent three periods in Australia that differed considerably from each other in nature and structure. He was a Principal Research Scientist specializing in microscopy and ore deposits for nine months with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Melbourne in 1948-9. For three months in 1962 he was Visiting Professor of Geology at the University of New South Wales. On holiday in Adelaide and Sydney in December 1970 and January 1971, he negotiated an agreement as a result of which the Mundrabilla II meteorite was shipped to Heidelberg in Germany for slicing and distribution for research purposes. This study summarizes his activities and direct contributions to Australian mineralogy during and as a result of those visits.

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42

Baker, G., and S. Slater. "Coal seam gas—an increasingly significant source of natural gas in eastern Australia." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08007.

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The commercial production of coal seam gas (CSG) in Australia commenced in 1996. Since then its production has grown up significantly, particularly in the last five years, to become an integral part of the upstream gas industry in eastern Australia. The major growth in both CSG reserves and production has been in the Bowen and Surat basins in Queensland. Active exploration and appraisal programs with the first pilot operations were established in the Galilee Basin in 2008; however, an important reserve base has been built up in New South Wales in the Clarence-Moreton, Gloucester, Gunnedah and Sydney basins. There has been modest CSG production from the Sydney Basin for some years with commercial production expected to commence in the other three basins by or during 2010. Exploration for CSG has been undertaken in Victoria and Tasmania while programs are being developed in South Australia focussing on the Arckaringa Basin. Elsewhere in Australia planning is being undertaken for CSG exploration programs for the Pedirka Basin in the Northern Territory and the Perth Basin in Western Australia. CSG was being supplied into the eastern Australian natural gas market at 31 December 2008 at a rate of approximately 458 TJ per day (167 PJ per year). Queensland is currently producing 96.7% of this total. Approximately 88% of the natural gas used in Queensland is CSG. Currently, CSG accounts for nearly 25% of the eastern Australian natural gas market, estimated at 670 PJ per year. The production of CSG is now a mature activity that has achieved commercial acceptability, especially for coal seam derived gas from the Bowen and Surat basins. The recent proposals by a number of local CSG producers—in joint venture arrangements with major international groups—to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) from CSG along with a number of merger and acquisition proposals, is testimony to the growing economic and commercial significance of the CSG sector. Should all of the proposed CSG based LNG projects eventuate, LNG output would be approximately 40 million tones per year. This will require raw CSG production to increase to approximately 2,600 PJ per year, resulting in a four fold increase from the present natural gas consumption in eastern Australia. The proved and probable (2P) reserves of CSG in eastern Australia at 31 December 2008 were 17,011 PJ or 60.2% of the total independently audited 2P natural gas reserves of 28,252 PJ. The Bowen and Surat basins with 16,120 PJ have the largest onshore gas reserves eastern Australia. In New South Wales, the 2P CSG reserves at the end of 2008 were 892 PJ, though this is expected to increase significantly over the next 12 months. Major upstream natural gas producers such as Origin Energy Limited and Santos Limited both hold over 50% of their Australian 2P gas reserves as CSG. The 1P reserves of CSG in eastern Australia at 31 December were reported as 4,197 PJ while the 3P reserves of CSG at the same date were 40,480 PJ. Most companies in the CSG sector are undertaking development work to upgrade their 3P reserves (and contingent resources) into the 2P category. The CSG resource in eastern Australia is very large. Companies with interests in CSG have reported in excess of 200,000 PJ as gas in place in the Bowen, Clarence-Moreton, Galilee, Gloucester, Gunnedah, Queensland Coastal, Surat and Sydney basins. The 2P reserves of CSG are expected to exceed 20,000 PJ by the end of 2009. A significant part of the expected large increase in 2P reserves of gas initially will be dedicated to the proposed LNG projects being considered for Gladstone. The major issues confronting the CSG industry and its rapid growth are concerned with land access, overlapping tenure (particularly in Queensland with underground coal gasification) the management and beneficial use of co-product formation water and gas production ramp up factors associated with the proposed LNG projects.

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43

MAHONY, MICHAEL J., TRENT PENMAN, TERRY BERTOZZI, FRANK LEMCKERT, ROHAN BILNEY, and STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN. "Taxonomic revision of south-eastern Australian giant burrowing frogs (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Heleioporus Gray)." Zootaxa 5016, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 451–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5016.4.1.

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The rarely encountered giant burrowing frog, Heleioporus australiacus, is distributed widely in a variety of sclerophyll forest habitats east of the Great Dividing Range in south-eastern Australia. Analyses of variation in nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial ND4 gene and thousands of nuclear gene SNPs revealed the presence of two deeply divergent lineages. Multivariate morphological comparisons show the two lineages differ in body proportions with > 91% of individuals being correctly classified in DFA. The two lineages differ in the number and size of spots on the lateral surfaces and the degree by which the cloaca is surrounded by colour patches. The mating calls are significantly different in number of pulses in the note. The presence of a F2 hybrid in the area where the distribution of the two taxa come into closest proximity leads us to assign subspecies status to the lineages, as we have not been able to assess the extent of potential genetic introgression. In our sampling, the F2 hybrid sample sits within an otherwise unsampled gap of ~90km between the distributions of the two lineages. The nominate northern sub-species is restricted to the Sydney Basin bioregion, while the newly recognised southern subspecies occurs from south of the Kangaroo Valley in the mid-southern coast of New South Wales to near Walhalla in central Gippsland in Victoria. The habitat of the two subspecies is remarkably similar. Adults spend large portions of their lives on the forest floor where they forage and burrow in a variety of vegetation communities. The southern subspecies occurs most commonly in dry sclerophyll forests with an open understory in the south and in open forest and heath communities with a dense understory in the north of its distribution. The northern subspecies is also found in dry open forests and heaths in association with eroded sandstone landscapes in the Sydney Basin bioregion. Males of both taxa call from both constructed burrows and open positions on small streams, differing from the five Western Australian species of Heleioporus where males call only from constructed burrows. Using the IUCN Red List process, we found that the extent of occupancy and area of occupancy along with evidence of decline for both subspecies are consistent with the criteria for Endangered (A2(c)B2(a)(b)).

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Thomas, D. Neil, Mimi J. Hill, and Alexander S. Garcia. "Comparison of the Coe–Thellier–Thellier and microwave palaeointensity techniques using high-titanium titanomagnetites: results from a Tertiary basaltic intrusion from the Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 229, no. 1-2 (December 2004): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.032.

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45

Khalifa, M. KH, and K. J. Mills. "Facies analysis relationships depositional environments of the subsurface stratigraphy of the Snake Cave Interval in the Bancannia Trough, western Darling Basin, New South Wales, SE Australia." Marine and Petroleum Geology 115 (May 2020): 104279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104279.

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46

Khalifa, M. Kh, and K. J. Mills. "SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERPRETED UPPER CAMBRIAN TO MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN SEQUENCE IN THE NW BLANTYRE SUB-BASIN, DARLING BASIN (WESTERN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA)." Journal of Petroleum Geology 37, no. 2 (March 25, 2014): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12576.

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47

BRADY, LIAM M. "Drawing in the Land: Rock Art in the Upper Nepean, Sydney Basin, New South Wales By Julie Dibden. ANU Press Terra Australis 49, Canberra, 2019. ISBN: 9781760462581. DOI: http://doi.org/10.22459/TA49.2018 Pp. 211. AUD 55.00 (free digital version)." Archaeology in Oceania 55, no. 1 (April 2020): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.5200.

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48

Sarooshi, R. A., G. C. Cresswell, L. Tesoriero, P. J. Milham, I. Barchia, and A. M. Harris. "Effect of biosolids compost on two NSW coastal soils used to grow vegetables." Soil Research 40, no. 5 (2002): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00107.

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The study compares the effects of biosolids compost (BC) and inorganic fertiliser (IF) on the nutrient status of a clay loam at Rydalmere in Western Sydney, and an earthy sand at Somersby, 85 km north of Sydney. The soils represent the textural range used for vegetable production in the Sydney Basin of New South Wales. The soils had been under permanent sod (Rydalmere) or native vegetation (Somersby) for at 40 years prior to the experiment. There were 3 treatments during February 1994: IF, fallow (F), and BC. The same plots were treated again during September 1994 to give the combinations: IF followed by IF (IF + IF); F by BC (F + BC); BC by BC (BC + BC). The 4 replicates of each treatment were randomised in blocks. Treatments were incorporated into raised beds to a depth of 15 cm and vegetables were planted in March and again in October 1994. The total amounts of C and N initially present in the soil in the beds (0-15 cm) at Rydalmere were at least 3 times greater than at Somersby and the ratio was greater for S, P, Ca, Mg, K, and Na. By April 1995, the quantities of the 8 monitored nutrients had decreased at both sites for the IF + IF treatment; increased at Somersby, but not at Rydalmere for F + BC; and increased at both sites for the BC + BC treatment. The changes caused by the BC + BC treatment were greater in relative terms at Somersby, because of the initial difference in fertility between the 2 soils. For example, the C and N content increased by an approximate factor of 2 at Somersby, and by greater factors for the other elements. BC + BC was also the only treatment to increase other indices of fertility, such as effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and Bray-P, in the surface 15 cm. The treatments did not affect pH in the soil profile (0-50 cm) and increases in EC were ephemeral. The nutrient composition of the 20-30 cm zone was affected at both sites. By the end of the experiment the concentration of C, N, P, Ca, and Bray-P increased and Mg decreased. For C and N between-treatment differences were small, indicating that the observed effects were mostly caused by leaching of the products of mineralisation of soil organic matter. Treatment effects were larger for P, Ca, Mg, and Bray-P, and the final concentrations for the F + BC and BC + BC treatments exceeded those for the IF + IF treatment. At Somersby, both BC treatments increased ECEC, consistent with the importance of leaching as a process of nutrient loss at this site. Consequently, intensive vegetable cropping may pose serious environmental risks particularly on sandy sites.

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49

Eckersley, J. "Moisture Movement Analyses for Coal Stockpiles." Australian Geomechanics Journal 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56295/agj5731.

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Flowslides and stability issues have occurred periodically within stockpiles of coking (metallurgical) coal at coal processing plants and export terminals in Queensland’s Bowen Basin, and to a lesser degree in New South Wales, since the early 1970s. A description of the issue and summary of research at James Cook University from 1973 to 2000 was published in ACARP Report C4057. Despite this work, coal stockpile flowslides remain a significant risk at mine and port stockpiles due to their initiation without warning and dramatic consequences. To be able to adequately model the redistribution of moisture that leads to collapse of a stockpile and then conduct realistic stability analyses for design of preventative measures remains an elusive prospect. This paper therefore updates the previous work with results from SEEP/W transient seepage modelling within a 12m high 14,700 tonne coal stockpile constructed at Hay Point in late 1991 for which initial moisture content, pore pressures at the stockpile base, outflows from subsoil drains and final density and moisture profiles were measured. The model was based on results of laboratory permeability and column drainage tests on specimens taken from a composite bulk sample obtained at the time of stockpile construction. The coking coal product was from an operation with a known history of stockpile instability. Results were found to correspond well with pore pressures measured at the stockpile base and the stockpile’s final moisture profile provided account was taken of a thin higher permeability zone just above the subgrade. The approach adopted and parameters developed provide a significant advance in modelling of moisture movements within production coal stockpiles, with a view to subsequent slope stability analyses.

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Fergusson, C. L., and P. J. Hatherly. "Segmentation and fault–monocline relationships in the Lapstone Structural Complex, Sydney Basin, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, November 30, 2022, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2023.2148187.

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