Journal articles: 'Geology New Hampshire'

1

Boudette, Eugene L. "The Geology of New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 65, no. 4 (July 1990): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1990.11761687.

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Bothner, Wallace A., and Herbert Tischler. "Fossils of New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 65, no. 4 (July 1990): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1990.11761689.

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Dallaire, Donald. "Beryllium Minerals in New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 3 (April 26, 2022): 208–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2028096.

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Dallaire, Donald. "Beryllium Minerals in New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 3 (April 26, 2022): 208–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2028096.

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Smith, Arthur E. "New Hampshire mineral locality index." Rocks & Minerals 80, no. 4 (July 2005): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.80.4.242-261.

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Young, James. "Fluorite Deposits of Westmoreland, New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 65, no. 4 (July 1990): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1990.11761691.

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Thompson, Woodrow B. "History of research on glaciation in the White Mountains, New Hampshire (U.S.A.)." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no. 1 (October 2, 2002): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004879ar.

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Abstract The glacial geology of the White Mountains in New Hampshire has been the subject of many investigations since the 1840's. A series of controversies evolved during this period. First was the question of what geologic processes were responsible for eroding the bedrock and depositing the cover of surficial sediments. By the 1860's, the concept of glaciation replaced earlier theories invoking floods and icebergs. Research in the late 1800's concerned the relative impact of continental versus local glaciation. Some workers believed that surficial deposits in northern New Hampshire were the product of valley glaciers radiating from the White Mountains, but in the early 1900's continental glaciation was established as the most important process across the region. Debate over the extent and timing of alpine glaciation in the Presidential Range has continued until recent years. The most intensely argued topic has been the manner in which the Late Wisconsinan ice sheet withdrew from the White Mountains: whether by rapid stagnation and downwastage, or by progressive retreat of a still-active ice margin. The stagnation model became popular in the 1930's and was unchallenged until the late 1900's. Following a research hiatus lasting over 40 years, renewed interest in the glacial history of the White Mountains continues to inspire additional work.

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Thompson, Woodrow B., Alexander U. Falster, and Thomas J. Mortimer. "The Keyes Mica Mines, Orange, Grafton County, New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 302–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2053622.

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Bearss, Gene T., and Bob Janules. "Miarolitic Cavity Minerals of the Government PIT, Albany New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 67, no. 3 (June 1992): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1992.9926474.

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Chamberlain, C. Page, and Philip C. England. "The Acadian Thermal History of the Merrimack Synclinorium in New Hampshire." Journal of Geology 93, no. 5 (September 1985): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/628983.

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Kennedy, B., and J. Stix. "Magmatic processes associated with caldera collapse at Ossipee ring dyke, New Hampshire." Geological Society of America Bulletin 119, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2007): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b25980.1.

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12

Rumble, Douglas, Edward F. Duke, and Thomas L. Hoering. "Hydrothermal graphite in New Hampshire: Evidence of carbon mobility during regional metamorphism." Geology 14, no. 6 (1986): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<452:hginhe>2.0.co;2.

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Smith, Arthur E. "Through the 'Scope: Micromineral Collecting at Mineral Hill, Wakefield, Carroll County New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 78, no. 6 (December 2003): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2003.9926758.

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Herndon, Jonathon, and Eric S. Greene. "Collector's Note: The Surprise Pocket, Gilman Notch, Center Ossipee, Carroll County, New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 86, no. 2 (March 22, 2011): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2010.492312.

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RANDALL, K. A., and K. A. POLAND. "Age and time span of emplacement of the Pliny Range complex, northern New Hampshire." Geological Society of America Bulletin 97, no. 5 (1986): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<595:aatsoe>2.0.co;2.

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Secord, Theresa K., and Philip E. Brown. "Geology and geochemistry of the Ore Hill Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide deposit, Warren, New Hampshire." Economic Geology 81, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.2.371.

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17

Amidon, W. H., M. Roden-Tice, A. J. Anderson, R. E. McKeon, and D. L. Shuster. "Late Cretaceous unroofing of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA: An episode of passive margin rejuvenation?" Geology 44, no. 6 (April 19, 2016): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g37429.1.

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18

Nizamoff, James W., Robert W. Whitmore, and Mark Ivan Jacobson. "The Where of Mineral Names: Palermoite, Palermo No. 1 Mine, North Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 3 (April 26, 2022): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2028106.

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Nizamoff, James W., Robert W. Whitmore, and Mark Ivan Jacobson. "The Where of Mineral Names: Palermoite, Palermo No. 1 Mine, North Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 3 (April 26, 2022): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2028106.

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20

Nowlan, Gary A., Frank C. Canney, Frank H. Howd, and James A. Domenico. "Regional geochemical studies in parts of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, U.S.A." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 29, no. 1-3 (January 1987): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90074-4.

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21

Mayne, Paul W., and Jean Benoît. "Analytical CPTU Models Applied to Sensitive Clay at Dover, New Hampshire." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146, no. 12 (December 2020): 04020130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002378.

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22

Cwynar, Les C., and Ray W. Spear. "Lateglacial climate change in the White Mountains of New Hampshire." Quaternary Science Reviews 20, no. 11 (May 2001): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(00)00151-7.

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23

Gale, Andy. "Use of high-resolution stratigraphy and derived lithoclasts to document structural inversion: a case study from the Paleogene, Isle of Wight, UK." Journal of the Geological Society 178, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): jgs2020–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-156.

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The effects of structural inversion generated by the Pyrenean Orogeny on the southerly bounding faults of the Hampshire Basin (the Needles and Sandown faults) and on Eocene sedimentation in the adjacent regions were studied in outcrop by sedimentary logging, dip records and the identification of lithoclasts reworked from the crests of anticlines generated during inversion. The duration and precise age of the hiatuses associated with inversion were identified using bio- and magnetostratigraphy and compared with the Geologic Time Scale 2020. The succession on the northern limb of the Sandown Anticline (Whitecliff Bay) includes five hiatuses of varying durations, which together form a progressive unconformity developed during the Lutetian–Priabonian interval (47–35 Ma). Syn-inversion deposits thicken southwards towards the southern margin of the Hampshire Basin and are erosionally truncated by unconformities. The effects of each pulse of inversion are recorded by successively shallower dips and the age and nature of clasts reworked from the crest of the Sandown Anticline. Most individual hiatuses are interpreted as minor unconformities developed subsequent to inversion, rather than eustatically generated sequence boundaries or transgressive surfaces. By contrast, the succession north of the Needles Fault (Alum Bay) does not contain hiatuses of magnitude or internal unconformities. Subsidiary anticlinal and synclinal structures developed in the NW of the island as a response to Eocene inversion events by the reactivation of minor basement faults. The new dates of the Eocene inversion events correspond closely with radiometric ages (48–36 Ma) derived from fracture vein-fill calcites to the west in Dorset.

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24

Birch, Francis S. "Sediments of the inner continental shelf: A progress report on projects in New Hampshire." Marine Geology 90, no. 1-2 (November 1989): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90123-0.

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25

LEO, GERHARD W. "Trondhjemite and metamorphosed quartz keratophyre tuff of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics (Ordovician), western New Hampshire and adjacent Vermont and Massachusetts." Geological Society of America Bulletin 96, no. 12 (1985): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1493:tamqkt>2.0.co;2.

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26

Bates, Martin R., Rebecca M. Briant, Edward J. Rhodes, Jean-Luc Schwenninger, and John E. Whittaker. "A new chronological framework for Middle and Upper Pleistocene landscape evolution in the Sussex/Hampshire Coastal Corridor, UK." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 121, no. 4 (January 2010): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.02.004.

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27

FOWLER, B. K. "Stability and Collapse, Old Man of the Mountains, Franconia Notch, New Hampshire." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/11.1.17.

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28

Valley, Peter M., Gregory J. Walsh, Arthur J. Merschat, and Ryan J. McAleer. "Geochronology of the Oliverian Plutonic Suite and the Ammonoosuc Volcanics in the Bronson Hill arc: Western New Hampshire, USA." Geosphere 16, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02170.1.

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Abstract U-Pb zircon geochronology by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) on 11 plutonic rocks and two volcanic rocks from the Bronson Hill arc in western New Hampshire yielded Early to Late Ordovician ages ranging from 475 to 445 Ma. Ages from Oliverian Plutonic Suite rocks that intrude a largely mafic lower section of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics ranged from 474.8 ± 5.2 to 460.2 ± 3.4 Ma. Metamorphosed felsic volcanic rocks from within the Ammonoosuc Volcanics yielded ages of 460.1 ± 2.4 and 455.0 ± 11 Ma. Younger Oliverian Plutonic Suite rocks that either intrude both the upper and lower Ammonoosuc Volcanics or Partridge Formation ranged in age from 456.1 ± 6.7 Ma to 445.2 ± 6.7 Ma. These new data and previously published results document extended magmatism for >30 m.y. The ages, along with the lack of mappable structural discontinuities between the plutons and their volcanic cover, suggest that the Bronson Hill arc was part of a relatively long-lived composite arc. The Early to Late Ordovician ages presented here overlap with previously determined igneous U-Pb zircon ages in the Shelburne Falls arc to the west, suggesting that the Bronson Hill arc and the Shelburne Falls arc could be part of one, long-lived composite arc system, in agreement with the interpretation that the Iapetus suture (Red Indian Line) lies to the west of the Shelburne Falls–Bronson Hill arc system.

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29

Peters, Stephen C., Joel D. Blum, Margaret R. Karagas, C. Page Chamberlain, and Derek J. Sjostrom. "Sources and exposure of the New Hampshire population to arsenic in public and private drinking water supplies." Chemical Geology 228, no. 1-3 (April 2006): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.020.

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30

Chamberlain, C. P., and Douglas Rumble. "The influence of fluids on the thermal history of a metamorphic terrain: New Hampshire, USA." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 43, no. 1 (1989): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.043.01.13.

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31

Marple, Ronald T., and James D. Hurd. "LiDAR and other evidence for the southwest continuation and Late Quaternary reactivation of the Norumbega Fault System and a cross-cutting structure near Biddeford, Maine, USA." Atlantic Geology 55 (October 28, 2019): 323–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2019.011.

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High-resolution LiDAR (light detection and ranging) images reveal numerous NE-SW-trending geomorphic lineaments that may represent the southwest continuation of the Norumbega fault system (NFS) along a broad, 30- to 50-km-wide zone of brittle faults that continues at least 100 km across southern Maine and southeastern New Hampshire. These lineaments are characterized by linear depressions and valleys, linear drainage patterns, abrupt bends in rivers, and linear scarps. The Nonesuch River, South Portland, and Mackworth faults of the NFS appear to continue up to 100 km southwest of the Saco River along prominent but discontinuous LiDAR lineaments. Southeast-facing scarps that cross drumlins along some of the lineaments in southern Maine suggest that late Quaternary displacements have occurred along these lineaments. Several NW-SE-trending geomorphic features and geophysical lineaments near Biddeford, Maine, may represent a 30-km-long, NW-SE-trending structure that crosses part of the NFS. Brittle NWSE-trending, pre-Triassic faults in the Kittery Formation at Biddeford Pool, Maine, support this hypothesis.

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32

Schumacher, J. C., Renate Schumacher, and Peter Robinson. "Acadian metamorphism in central massachusetts and south-western New Hampshire: evidence for contrasting P-T trajectories." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 43, no. 1 (1989): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.043.01.41.

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33

Mueller, Charles S., Oliver S. Boyd, Mark D. Petersen, Morgan P. Moschetti, Sanaz Rezaeian, and Allison M. Shumway. "Seismic Hazard in the Eastern United States." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 1_suppl (December 2015): S85—S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/110414eqs182m.

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The U.S. Geological Survey seismic hazard maps for the central and eastern United States were updated in 2014. We analyze results and changes for the eastern part of the region. Ratio maps are presented, along with tables of ground motions and deaggregations for selected cities. The Charleston fault model was revised, and a new fault source for Charlevoix was added. Background seismicity sources utilized an updated catalog, revised completeness and recurrence models, and a new adaptive smoothing procedure. Maximum-magnitude models and ground motion models were also updated. Broad, regional hazard reductions of 5%–20% are mostly attributed to new ground motion models with stronger near-source attenuation. The revised Charleston fault geometry redistributes local hazard, and the new Charlevoix source increases hazard in northern New England. Strong increases in mid- to high-frequency hazard at some locations—for example, southern New Hampshire, central Virginia, and eastern Tennessee—are attributed to updated catalogs and/or smoothing.

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Hepburn, J. Christopher, Yvette D. Kuiper, Kristin J. McClary, MaryEllen L. Loan, Michael Tubrett, and Robert Buchwaldt. "Detrital zircon ages and the origins of the Nashoba terrane and Merrimack belt in southeastern New England, USA." Atlantic Geology 57 (November 30, 2021): 343–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2021.016.

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The fault-bounded Nashoba–Putnam terrane, a metamorphosed early Paleozoic, Ganderian arc/back-arc complex in SE New England, lies between rocks of Avalonian affinity to the southeast and middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, interpreted as cover on Ganderian basement, in the Merrimack belt to the northwest. U–Pb detrital zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis were conduced on six samples from the Nashoba terrane in Massachusetts and seven samples associated with the Merrimack belt in Massachusetts and SE New Hampshire to investigate their depositional ages and provenance. Samples from the Nashoba terrane yielded major age populations between ~560 and ~540 Ma, consistent with input from local sources formed during the Ediacaran–Cambrian Penobscot orogenic cycle and its basement rocks. Youngest detrital zircons in the terrane, however, are as young as the Early to Middle Ordovician. Six formations from the Merrimack belt were deposited between ~435 and 420 Ma based on youngest zircon age populations and crosscutting plutons, and yielded large ~470–443 Ma age populations. Three of these formations show only Gondwanan provenance. Three others have a mixed Gondwanan-Laurentian signal, which is known to be typical for younger and/or more westerly sedimentary rocks and may indicate that they are the youngest deposits in the Merrimack belt (late Silurian to early Devonian) and/or have been deposited in the equivalent of the more westerly Central Maine basin. Detrital zircon age populations from the Tower Hill Formation, along the faulted contact between the Merrimack belt and Nashoba terrane, are different from either of these tectonic domains and may indicate that the boundary is complex.

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35

Vogelmann, James E., and Barrett N. Rock. "Assessing forest damage in high-elevation coniferous forests in vermont and new Hampshire using thematic mapper data." Remote Sensing of Environment 24, no. 2 (March 1988): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90027-2.

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36

Anderson, Jeanne, M. E. Martin, M.-L. Smith, R. O. Dubayah, M. A. Hofton, P. Hyde, B. E. Peterson, J. B. Blair, and R. G. Knox. "The use of waveform lidar to measure northern temperate mixed conifer and deciduous forest structure in New Hampshire." Remote Sensing of Environment 105, no. 3 (December 2006): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.001.

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37

McDonald, Gregory D., Frederick L. Paillet, Christopher C. Barton, and Carole D. Johnson. "Borehole sampling of fracture populations-compensating for borehole sampling bias in crystalline bedrock aquifers, Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 34, no. 3-4 (April 1997): 239.e1–239.e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(97)00114-7.

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38

Ebel, John E., and David J. Wald. "Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data." Earthquake Spectra 19, no. 3 (August 2003): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1596549.

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We describe a new probabilistic method that uses observations of modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) from past earthquakes to make quantitative estimates of ground shaking parameters (i.e., peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, 5% damped spectral acceleration values, etc.). The method uses a Bayesian approach to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities of different levels of ground motions from intensity data given an earthquake of known location and magnitude. The method utilizes probability distributions from an intensity/ground motion data set along with a ground motion attenuation relation to estimate the ground motion from intensity. The ground motions with the highest probabilities are the ones most likely experienced at the site of the MMI observation. We test the method using MMI/ground motion data from California and published ground motion attenuation relations to estimate the ground motions for several earthquakes: 1999 Hector Mine, California (M7.1); 1988 Saguenay, Quebec (M5.9); and 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire (M4.4). In an example where the method is applied to a historic earthquake, we estimate that the peak ground accelerations associated with the 1727 (M∼5.2) earthquake at Newbury, Massachusetts, ranged from 0.23 g at Newbury to 0.06 g at Boston.

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H. P. "R. H. Johnson (ed.) 1985. The Geomorphology of North-west England. 421 pp. Manchester, Dover, New Hampshire: Manchester University Press. Price £49.95 (hardback); £14.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 7190 1745 9 (hardback); 0 7190 1790 4 (paperback)." Geological Magazine 123, no. 4 (July 1986): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800033641.

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40

Winter, Thomas C., Donald C. Buso, Patricia C. Shattuck, Phillip T. Harte, Donald A. Vroblesky, and Daniel J. Goode. "The effect of terrace geology on ground-water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA." Hydrological Processes 22, no. 1 (2007): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6593.

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41

Dorais, Michael J., Miles Atkinson, Jon Kim, David P. West, and Gregory A. Kirby. "Where is the Iapetus suture in northern New England? A study of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, Bronson Hill terrane, New Hampshire1This article is one of a series of papers published in this CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 1 (January 2012): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-108.

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The ∼470 Ma Ammonoosuc Volcanics of the Bronson Hill terrane of New Hampshire have back-arc basin basalt compositions. Major and trace element compositions compare favorably to coeval volcanic rocks in the Miramichi Highlands of New Brunswick and the Munsangan and Casco Bay volcanics of Maine, back-arc basin basalts of known peri-Gondwanan origins. Additionally, the Ammonoosuc Volcanics have Nd and Pb isotopic compositions indicative of peri-Gondwanan provenance. Thus, the Ammonoosuc Volcanics correlate with Middle Ordovician, peri-Gondwanan, Tetagouche–Exploits back-arc rocks of eastern New England and Maritime Canada. This correlation indicates that the Red Indian Line, the principle Iapetus suture, lies along the western margin of the Bronson Hill terrane. However, the younger (∼450 Ma) Oliverian Plutonic Suite rocks that intruded the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, forming domes along the core of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium, have Laurentian isotopic signatures. This suggests that the Ammonoosuc Volcanics were thrust westwardly over the Laurentian margin, and that Laurentian basement rocks are present under the Bronson Hill terrane. A plausible explanation for these relationships is that an easterly dipping subduction zone formed the Ammonoosuc Volcanics in the Tetagoughe–Exploits oceanic tract, just east of the coeval Popelogan arc. With the closure of the Iapetus Ocean, this terrane was thrust over the Laurentian margin. Subsequent to obduction of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, subduction polarity flipped to the west, with the Oliverian arc resulting from a westerly dipping subduction zone that formed under the Taconic Orogeny-modified Laurentian margin.

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MARCHÉ, JORDAN D. "EDWARD HITCHCOCK, RODERICK MURCHISON, AND REJECTION OF THE ALPINE GLACIAL THEORY (1840–1845)." Earth Sciences History 37, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 380–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-37.2.380.

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Massachusetts geologist Edward Hitchcock was among the first of his American colleagues to investigate the glacial theory of Swiss geologist Louis Agassiz. After studying a copy of Agassiz's Études sur les Glaciers 1840, Hitchcock displayed an initial enthusiasm regarding its explanatory powers in the published version of his presidential address before the newly-founded Association of American Geologists, and in his concurrently-published Final Report on the Geology of Massachusetts 1841. But that same year, Hitchcock also undertook a 400-mile journey to the White Mountains of New Hampshire, to test the possible validity of a hypothetico-deductive argument that he had formulated, about whether Alpinestyle glaciers had once descended from their summits. From the lack of supporting field evidence, Hitchcock abruptly retreated into a non-committal stance that merely argued for some combination of ice-and-water that he labeled “glacio-aqueous action.” In the following year, Hitchcock engaged in a brief controversy with British geologist Roderick Murchison, in which the two men accused each other of mis-representing his support for the glacial theory. In reality, both had ended up on exactly the same side of the debate, having independently reached identical conclusions concerning rejection of the Alpine glacial theory. Hitchcock's stance appears to have influenced at least a few of his American colleagues to adopt this line of reasoning. But neither Hitchcock, nor Murchison, was able to extrapolate from the notion of Alpine to continental glaciation, as Agassiz had daringly conjectured, with the result that acceptance of the glacial theory was delayed for the next two decades or more. Ironically, neither man seemed to have realized that they had reached a virtual consensus on this question.

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Nordenson, Guy J. P., and Glenn R. Bell. "Seismic Design Requirements for Regions of Moderate Seismicity." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 1 (February 2000): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586091.

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The need for earthquake-resistant construction in areas of low-to-moderate seismicity has been recognized through the adoption of code requirements in the United States and other countries only in the past quarter century. This is largely a result of improved assessment of seismic hazard and examples of recent moderate earthquakes in regions of both moderate and high seismicity, including the San Fernando (1971), Mexico City (1985), Loma Prieta (1989), and Northridge (1994) earthquakes. In addition, improved understanding and estimates of older earthquakes in the eastern United States such as Cape Ann (1755), La Malbaie, Quebec (1925), and Ossippe, New Hampshire (1940), as well as monitoring of micro-activity in source areas such as La Malbaie, have increased awareness of the earthquake potential in areas of low-to-moderate seismicity. Both the hazard and the risk in moderate seismic zones (MSZs) differ in scale and kind from those of the zones of high seismicity. Earthquake hazards mitigation measures for new and existing construction need to be adapted from those prevailing in regions of high seismicity in recognition of these differences. Site effects are likely to dominate the damage patterns from earthquakes, with some sites suffering no damage not far from others, on soft soil, suffering near collapse. A number of new seismic codes have been developed in the past quarter century in response to these differences, including the New York City (1995) and the Massachusetts State (1975) seismic codes. Over the same period, the national model building codes that apply to most areas of low-to-moderate seismicity in the United States, the Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) Code and the Southern Standard Building Code (SSBC), have incorporated up-to-date seismic provisions. The seismic provisions of these codes have been largely inspired by the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) recommendations. Through adoption of these national codes, many state and local authorities in areas of low-to-moderate seismicity now have reasonably comprehensive seismic design provisions. This paper will review the background and history leading up to the MSZ codes, discuss their content, and propose directions for future development.

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Young, Davis. "Of the American Quantitative Igneous Rock Classification: Part 5." Earth Sciences History 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.31.1.17660412784m64r4.

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The preference of the authors of the quantitative igneous rock classification for an artificial rather than a natural system, coupled with their invention of a new nomenclature to accompany the classification, indicates that some essential elements of scientific work are not empirically ascertained but are proposed and accepted (or rejected) by the relevant scientific community as a matter of free choice. The use of igneous rocks as exemplars in the education of novice geology students is discussed. It is claimed that the CIPW classification could not have been produced by a single individual geologist. The factors that allowed for the collective success in the creation of the quantitative classification are examined.Upon publication of their monumental quantitative chemico-mineralogical classification (CIPW 1902, 1903), C. W. Cross, J. P. Iddings, L. V. Pirsson, and H. S. Washington immediately received numerous letters of congratulation. Initial published reviews ranged from highly supportive to suspicious. To help buttress their classification, Washington (1903) published a compilation of igneous rock chemical analyses and Iddings (1903) published several diagrams to drive home the point that a natural classification of igneous rocks was not feasible. Led by Washington, Pirsson, and Cross, several geologists began using the CIPW classification in their petrological studies and some contributed new sub-rang names. In the meantime, Iddings worked on the first volume of a projected two-volume work on igneous rocks based on the quantitative CIPW scheme. Unsympathetic to artificial, overly precise classifications, Harker in particular rejected the CIPW system and its norm calculations and European geologists generally were unenthusiastic. Cross (1910b) offered a major rebuttal to the criticisms, particularly those of Harker, in which he challenged the likelihood of producing a valid natural classification of igneous rocks. Iddings (1913) published the second volume on igneous rocks in which he developed an elaborate correlation between the old qualitative system and the new quantitative CIPW scheme. Washington and Pirsson produced many more petrological studies of Mediterranean volcanic rocks, New Hampshire, and Hawaii that incorporated the quantitative system. Washington (1917) produced a vastly expanded compilation of chemical analyses arranged in accord with the CIPW system. Criticisms, however, continued to mount from Fermor, Daly, Shand, and others, while Tyrrell and Johannsen were lukewarm toward the new classification. The criticism that the CIPW system was of little value in fieldwork repeatedly surfaced. Dissatisfaction with the quantitative scheme led to the publication of many new classifications by geologists, such as Hatch, Winchell, Lincoln, Shand, Holmes, Johannsen, and Niggli. With the creation of satisfactory quantitative mineralogical classifications, the increasing ability to determine the proportions of minerals quantitatively, and the death of Iddings and Pirsson, enthusiasm for the CIPW system gradually began to wane. By the 1960s the classification had become a thing of the past. The value of the norm calculation, however, gained recognition and has survived to the present, assisted no doubt by the capability for doing the necessary calculations by computer.

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Dallaire, Donald, James Nizamoff, and Marlene York. "Topaz in New Hampshire's White Mountains." Rocks & Minerals 92, no. 6 (October 11, 2017): 508–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2017.1362253.

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46

Apte, M. G., P. N. Price, A. V. Nero, and K. L. Revzan. "Predicting New Hampshire indoor radon concentrations from geologic information and other covariates." Environmental Geology 37, no. 3 (March 26, 1999): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050376.

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47

Mayewski, Paul A., W. Berry Lyons, M. J. Spencer, Mark S. Twickler, Pieter M. Grootes, and Minze Stuiver. "A Climatic Record Using An Ice Core from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 10 (1988): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500004572.

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The production of climatic-change records using glaciochemical time series has seen minimal application in the Transantarctic Mountains. This is true despite the fact that glacial geologic studies in this area are the primary basis for understanding the glacial history of East Antarctica and thus provide an excellent potential framework for the more detailed records obtainable from glaciochemical studies. Numerous sites within the Transantarctic Mountains fit the requirements necessary for the retrieval of ice cores, and pilot studies have been conducted in both southern Victoria Land (Mayewski and Lyons 1982) and northern Victoria Land (Allen and others 1985). These pilot studies have validated the hypothesis that glaciochemical records retrieved from appropriately chosen ice-core sites in the Transantarctic Mountains can be used for: (1) assessing the current stability of the East Antarctic ice sheet, (2) validating models concerning the recent glacial history of the Transantarctic Mountains, (3) searching for relatively high-frequency (1–100 year) climatic signals, (4) determining changes in the relative geography (ocean – land – ice) of a region, and (5) defining the relative importance of the chemical species source areas (i.e. volcanic, biogenic, anthropogenic, marine, crustal) that provide precipitation to the Transantarctic Mountains.During the 1984–85 austral summer, a combined University of New Hampshire – Polar Ice Coring Office effort resulted in the recovery of a 201 m long core from a 2800 m high snow massif atop the Dominion Range (85°15'S, 166°10'E), close to the confluence of the Mill and Beardmore glaciers. Chemical and physical data sets to be developed from this ice core, which is estimated to span a period of approximately 1000 years, include: a detailed 6 m snow pit, several shallow snow pits, and fresh and aged surface snow, in combination with a radio echo-sounding survey of the general area, which will be used to provide three-dimensional control. Chemical and physical analyses conducted as part of the study include: stratigraphy, density, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, phosphate, sodium, reactive silicate, total beta activity and oxygen isotopes. The oxygen-isotope analyses are being provided by P. Grootes and M. Stuiver (University of Washington), and all other analyses are being conducted by the Glacier Research Group (University of New Hampshire).

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Mayewski, Paul A., W. Berry Lyons, M. J. Spencer, Mark S. Twickler, Pieter M. Grootes, and Minze Stuiver. "A Climatic Record Using An Ice Core from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 10 (1988): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500004572.

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The production of climatic-change records using glaciochemical time series has seen minimal application in the Transantarctic Mountains. This is true despite the fact that glacial geologic studies in this area are the primary basis for understanding the glacial history of East Antarctica and thus provide an excellent potential framework for the more detailed records obtainable from glaciochemical studies. Numerous sites within the Transantarctic Mountains fit the requirements necessary for the retrieval of ice cores, and pilot studies have been conducted in both southern Victoria Land (Mayewski and Lyons 1982) and northern Victoria Land (Allen and others 1985). These pilot studies have validated the hypothesis that glaciochemical records retrieved from appropriately chosen ice-core sites in the Transantarctic Mountains can be used for: (1) assessing the current stability of the East Antarctic ice sheet, (2) validating models concerning the recent glacial history of the Transantarctic Mountains, (3) searching for relatively high-frequency (1–100 year) climatic signals, (4) determining changes in the relative geography (ocean – land – ice) of a region, and (5) defining the relative importance of the chemical species source areas (i.e. volcanic, biogenic, anthropogenic, marine, crustal) that provide precipitation to the Transantarctic Mountains. During the 1984–85 austral summer, a combined University of New Hampshire – Polar Ice Coring Office effort resulted in the recovery of a 201 m long core from a 2800 m high snow massif atop the Dominion Range (85°15'S, 166°10'E), close to the confluence of the Mill and Beardmore glaciers. Chemical and physical data sets to be developed from this ice core, which is estimated to span a period of approximately 1000 years, include: a detailed 6 m snow pit, several shallow snow pits, and fresh and aged surface snow, in combination with a radio echo-sounding survey of the general area, which will be used to provide three-dimensional control. Chemical and physical analyses conducted as part of the study include: stratigraphy, density, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, phosphate, sodium, reactive silicate, total beta activity and oxygen isotopes. The oxygen-isotope analyses are being provided by P. Grootes and M. Stuiver (University of Washington), and all other analyses are being conducted by the Glacier Research Group (University of New Hampshire).

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KOCJANČIČ, KLEMEN. "REVIEW, ON THE IMPORTANCE OF MILITARY GEOSCIENCE." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES 2022, no. 24/3 (September 30, 2022): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.24.3.rew.

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In 2022, the Swiss branch of the international publishing house Springer published a book, a collection of papers entitled Military Geoscience: A Multifaceted Approach to the Study of Warfare. It consists of selected contributions by international researchers in the field of military geoscience, presented at the 13th International Conference on Military Geosciences, held in Padua in June 2019. The first paper is by the editors, Aldin Bondesan and Judy Ehlen, and provides a brief overview of understanding the concept of military geoscience as an application of geology and geography to the military domain, and the historical development of the discipline. It should also be pointed out that the International Conferences on Military Geosciences (ICMG), which organises this biennial international conference, has over the past two decades also covered other aspects, such as conflict archaeology. The publication is further divided into three parts. The first part comprises three contributions covering military geoscience up to the 20th century. The first paper, by Chris Fuhriman and Jason Ridgeway, provides an insights into the Battle of Marathon through topography visualisation. The geography of the Marathon field, the valley between Mt. Cotroni and Mt. Agrieliki, allowed the Greek defenders to nullify the advantage of the Persian cavalry and archers, who were unable to develop their full potential. This is followed by a paper by Judy Ehlen, who explores the geological background of the Anglo-British coastal fortification system along the English Channel, focusing on the Portsmouth area of Hampshire. The author thus points out that changes in artillery technology and naval tactics between the 16th and 19th centuries necessitated changes in the construction of coastal fortifications, both in terms of the form of the fortifications and the method of construction, including the choice of basic building materials, as well as the siting of the fortifications in space. The next article is then dedicated to the Monte Baldo Fortress in north-eastern Italy, between Lake Garda and the Adige River. In his article, Francesco Premi analyses the presence of the fortress in the transition area between the Germanic world and the Mediterranean, and the importance of this part of Italy (at the southernmost part of the pre-Alpine mountains) in military history, as reflected in the large number of important military and war relics and monuments. The second part of the book, which is the most comprehensive, focuses on the two World Wars and consists of nine papers. The first paper in this part provides an analysis of the operation of trench warfare training camps in the Aube region of France. The group of authors, Jérôme Brenot, Yves Desfossés, Robin Perarnau, Marc Lozano and Alain Devos, initially note that static warfare training camps have not received much attention so far. Using aerial photography of the region dating from 1948 and surviving World War II photographic material, they identified some 20 sites where soldiers of the Entente forces were trained for front-line service in trenches. Combined archaeological and sociological fieldwork followed, confirming the presence of these camps, both through preserved remains and the collective memory. The second paper in this volume also concerns the survey on trenches, located in northern Italy in the Venezia Tridentina Veneto area in northern Italy. The authors Luigi Magnini, Giulia Rovera, Armando De Guio and Giovanni Azzalin thus use digital classification methods and archaeology to determine how Italian and Austro-Hungarian First World War trenches have been preserved or, in case they have disappeared, why this was the case, both from the point of view of the natural features as well as from the anthropological point of view of the restoration of the pre-war settings. The next paper, by Paolo Macini and Paolo Sammuri, analyses the activities of the miners and pioneers of the Italian Corps of Engineers during the First World War, in particular with regard to innovative approaches to underground mine warfare. In the Dolomites, the Italian engineers, using various listening devices, drilling machinery and geophysical methods, developed a system for drilling underground mine chambers, which they intended to use and actually used to destroy parts of Austro-Hungarian positions. The paper by Elena Dai Prà, Nicola Gabellieri and Matteo Boschian Bailo concerns the Italian Army's operations during the First World War. It focuses on the use of tactical maps with emphasis on typological classification, the use of symbols, and digital cartography. The authors thus analysed the tactical maps of the Italian Third Army, which were being constantly updated by plotting the changes in positions and tactical movements of both sides. These changes were examined both in terms of the use of new symbols and the analysis of the movements. This is followed by a geographical presentation of the Italian Army's activities during the First World War. The authors Paolo Plini, Sabina Di Franco and Rosamaria Salvatori have thus collected 21,856 toponyms by analysing documents and maps. The locations were also geolocated to give an overview of the places where the Italian Army operated during the First World War. The analysis initially revealed the complexity of the events on the battlefields, but also that the sources had misidentified the places of operation, as toponyms were misidentified, especially in the case of homonyms. Consequently, the area of operation was misidentified as well. In this respect, the case of Vipava was highlighted, which can refer to both a river and a settlement. The following paper is the first on the Second World War. It is the article by H. A. P. Smith on Italian prisoners of war in South Africa. The author outlines the circumstances in which Italian soldiers arrived to and lived in the southern African continent, and the contribution they made to the local environment and the society, and the remnants of their presence preserved to the present day. In their article, William W. Doe III and Michael R. Czaja analyse the history, geography and significance of Camp Hale in the state of Colorado. In doing so, they focus on the analysis of the military organization and its impact on the local community. Camp Hale was thus the first military installation of the U.S. Army, designated to test and train U.S. soldiers in mountain and alpine warfare. It was here that the U.S. 10th Mountain Division was formed, which concluded its war path on Slovenian soil. The Division's presence in this former camp, which was in military use also after the war until 1965, and in the surrounding area is still visible through numerous monuments. This is followed by a paper by Hermann Häusler, who deals with German military geography and geology on the Eastern Front of the Second World War. A good year before the German attack on the Soviet Union, German and Austrian military geologists began an analysis of the topography, population and infrastructure of the European part of the Soviet Union, which led to a series of publications, including maps showing the suitability of the terrain for military operations. During the war, military geological teams then followed the frontline units and carried out geotechnical tasks such as water supply, construction of fortifications, supply of building materials for transport infrastructure, and analysis of the suitability of the terrain for all-terrain driving of tracked and other vehicles. The same author also authored a paper in the next chapter, this time focusing on the activities of German military geologists in the Adriatic area. Similarly to his first contribution, the author presents the work of military geologists in northern Italy and north-western Slovenia. He also focuses on the construction of fortification systems in northern Italy and presents the work of karst hunters in the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral. Part 3 covers the 21st century with five different papers (chapters). The first paper by Alexander K. Stewart deals with the operations of the U.S. Army specialised teams in Afghanistan. These Agribusiness Development Teams (ADTs) carried out a specialised form of counter-guerrilla warfare in which they sought to improve the conditions for the development of local communities through agricultural assistance to the local population. In this way, they were also counteracting support for the Taliban. The author notes that, in the decade after the programme's launch, the project had only a 19% success rate. However, he stresses that such forms of civil-military cooperation should be present in future operations. The next chapter, by Francis A. Galgan, analyses the activities of modern pirates through military-geographical or geological methods. Pirates, who pose a major international security threat, are present in four regions of the world: South and South-East Asia, East Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. Building on the data on pirate attacks between 1997 and 2017, the author shows the temporal and spatial patterns of pirate activities, as well as the influence of the geography of coastal areas on their activities. This is followed by another chapter with a maritime topic. Mark Stephen Blaine discusses the geography of territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Through a presentation of international law, the strategic importance of the sea (sea lanes, natural resources) and the overlapping territorial claims of China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia, the author shows the increasing level of conflict in the area and calls for the utmost efforts to be made to prevent the outbreak of hostilities or war. M. H. Bulmer's paper analyses the Turkish Armed Forces' activities in Syria from the perspective of military geology. The author focuses on the Kurdish forces' defence projects, which mainly involved the construction of gun trenches, observation towers or points, tunnels and underground facilities, as well as on the Turkish armed forces' actions against this military infrastructure. This involved both mountain and underground warfare activities. While these defensive infrastructures proved to be successful during the guerrilla warfare period, direct Turkish attacks on these installations demonstrated their vulnerability. The last chapter deals with the current operational needs and limitations of military geosciences from the perspective of the Austrian Armed Forces. Friedrich Teichmann points out that the global operational interest of states determines the need for accurate geo-data as well as geo-support in case of rapidly evolving requirements. In this context, geoscience must respond to new forms of threats, both asymmetric and cyber, at a time when resources for geospatial services are limited, which also requires greater synergy and an innovative approach to finding solutions among multiple stakeholders. This also includes increased digitisation, including the use of satellite and other space technologies. The number of chapters in the publication illustrates the breadth and depth of military geoscience, as well as the relevance of geoscience to past, present and future conflicts or military operations and missions. The current military operations in Ukraine demonstrate the need to take into account the geo-geological realities of the environment and that terrain remains one of the decisive factors for success on the battlefield, irrespective of the technological developments in military engineering and technology. This can also be an incentive for Slovenian researchers and the Slovenian Armed Forces to increase research activities in the field of military geosciences, especially in view of the rich military and war history in the geographically and geologically diverse territory of Slovenia.

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Francis, Carl A. "The Geology of New Hampshire's White Mountainsby J. Dykstra Eusden, Woodrow B. Thompson, Brian K. Fowler, P. Thom Davis, Wallace A. Bothner, Richard A. Boisveert, and John W. Creasy. Durand Press, Lyme, NH 03768; www.durandpress.com. 175 pages; 2013; $35 (softbound)." Rocks & Minerals 90, no. 2 (March 3, 2015): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2014.926187.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Geology New Hampshire'

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