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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Wilkerson, Forrest D., and Ginger L. Schmid. "Distribution of debris flows in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Journal of Mountain Science 5, no. 4 (November 28, 2008): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-008-0232-7.

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2

Lambert, Callie B., Lynn M. Resler, Yang Shao, and David R. Butler. "Vegetation change as related to terrain factors at two glacier forefronts, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Journal of Mountain Science 17, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5603-8.

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3

Yin, An, and Thomas K. Kelty. "Development of normal faults during emplacement of a thrust sheet: an example from the Lewis allochthon, Glacier National Park, Montana (U.S.A.)." Journal of Structural Geology 13, no. 1 (January 1991): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(91)90099-5.

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4

DeBolt, Ann, and Bruce McCune. "Lichens of Glacier National Park, Montana." Bryologist 96, no. 2 (1993): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243801.

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5

Nielsen, Lewis T. "The Mosquitoes Of Glacier National Park, Montana." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 25, no. 3 (September 2009): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/09-5753.1.

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6

Butler, David R. "GLACIAL HAZARDS IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA." Physical Geography 10, no. 1 (January 1989): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1989.10642367.

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7

Waller, John S. "Status of Fishers in Glacier National Park, Montana." Northwestern Naturalist 99, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1898/nwn17-07.1.

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8

Kendall, Katherine C., Jeffrey B. Stetz, David A. Roon, Lisette P. Waits, John B. Boulanger, and David Paetkau. "Grizzly Bear Density in Glacier National Park, Montana." Journal of Wildlife Management 72, no. 8 (November 2008): 1693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-007.

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9

Stetz, Jeff B., Katherine C. Kendall, and Amy C. Macleod. "Black bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana." Wildlife Society Bulletin 38, no. 1 (November 8, 2013): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.356.

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10

Butler, David R., Jack G. Oelfke, and Lori A. Oelfke. "Historic Rockfall Avalanches, Northeastern Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Mountain Research and Development 6, no. 3 (August 1986): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673396.

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11

Carrara, Paul E. "Holocene and latest Pleistocene glacial chronology, Glacier National Park, Montana." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-041.

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Moraines of two different age groups have been identified fronting the present-day glaciers and snowfields in Glacier National Park, Montana. The subdued, vegetated moraines of the older group have been found at 25 sites, mainly in the central part of the Lewis Range. These older moraines are in places overlain by the Mazama ash. Although the exact age of the moraines has not been determined by radiocarbon dating, vegetative evidence and correlation with other pre-altithermal age moraines in the Rocky Mountains suggest that these older moraines date from 10 000 BP or earlier. Whether these moraines are the product of a separate advance after the end of the Wisconsin glaciation or are simply the product of the last advance or stillstand of Wisconsin glaciers before final deglaciation is not known.Moraines of the younger group, consisting of fresh bouldery rubble, are common throughout Glacier Park. Tree-ring analyses indicate that some of these younger moraines were deposited by advances that culminated during the mid-19th century. At that time there were more than 150 glaciers in Glacier Park. This episode of mid-19th century climatic cooling resulted in the most extensive glacial advance in this region since the end of the Wisconsin glaciation.Present-day glaciers have shrunk drastically from their mid-19th century positions; more than half the glaciers present during that time no longer exist. Much of this retreat occurred between 1920 and the mid-1940's, corresponding to a period of above-average summer temperatures and below-average annual precipitation in this region. Between 1966 and 1979, several of the larger glaciers in the Mount Jackson area of Glacier Park advanced as much as 100 m.

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12

Greyes, Natch. "Climate change is eliminating Pinguicula macroceras Link habitat in Montana." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn432.ng341.

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The damage caused by climate change to plant communities is often obscured by a confluence of causes and vague deadlines, but in Montana there is an exception to that trend. The National Park Service in Montana has been leading efforts to document glacial melting. In the process, they have incidentally recorded ongoing damage to the handful of colonies of Pinguicula macroceras Link that occur in Glacier National Park.

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13

Butler, David R., George P. Malanson, and David M. Cairns. "Stability of alpine treeline in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Phytocoenologia 22, no. 4 (December 5, 1994): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/22/1994/485.

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14

Meentemeyer, Ross K., and David R. Butler. "HYDROGEOMORPHIC EFFECTS OF BEAVER DAMS IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA." Physical Geography 20, no. 5 (September 1999): 436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1999.10642688.

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15

Newell, Robert L., and Blake R. Hossack. "Large, Wetland-Associated Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of Glacier National Park, Montana." Western North American Naturalist 69, no. 3 (September 2009): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.069.0307.

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16

Retallack, Gregory J., Kimberley L. Dunn, and Jennifer Saxby. "Problematic Mesoproterozoic fossil Horodyskia from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA." Precambrian Research 226 (March 2013): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.12.005.

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17

Wilkerson, Forrest D., and Ginger L. Schmid. "Debris flows in Glacier National Park, Montana: geomorphology and hazards." Geomorphology 55, no. 1-4 (September 2003): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(03)00147-8.

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18

Munroe, Jeffrey. "Holocene Glacier Fluctuations in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, Reconstructed from Lacustrine Sedimentary Records." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1009.

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19

Allen, Thomas R. "Topographic context of glaciers and perennial snowfields, Glacier National Park, Montana." Geomorphology 21, no. 3-4 (January 1998): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(97)00059-7.

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20

Munroe, Jeffrey S., Thomas A. Crocker, Alena M. Giesche, Lukas E. Rahlson, Logan T. Duran, Matthew F. Bigl, and Benjamin J. C. Laabs. "A lacustrine-based Neoglacial record for Glacier National Park, Montana, USA." Quaternary Science Reviews 53 (October 2012): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.005.

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21

Maliva, Robert G. "Silicification in the Belt Supergroup (Mesoproterozoic), Glacier National Park, Montana, USA." Sedimentology 48, no. 4 (August 16, 2001): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00399.x.

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22

Dilsaver, Lary M., and William Wyckoff. "Agency culture, cumulative causation and development in Glacier National Park, Montana." Journal of Historical Geography 25, no. 1 (January 1999): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1998.0108.

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23

Goff, Paepin, and David R. Butler. "James Dyson (1948) Shrinkage of Sperry and Grinnell Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana. Geographical Review 38(1): 95–103." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316652820.

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A warming climate is melting the namesake glaciers of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. James Dyson’s 1948 paper was one of the earliest publications to emphasize climate change impacts to the cryosphere through an examination of Sperry and Grinnell Glaciers. This paper, combined with his subsequent works, acts as a pillar for current glacier monitoring efforts.

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24

Mullins, Henry T., Nicholas Eyles, and Edward J. Hinchey. "High-Resolution Seismic Stratigraphy of Lake Mcdonald, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Arctic and Alpine Research 23, no. 3 (August 1991): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551609.

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25

Cheng, Ellen, Karen E. Hodges, and L. Scott Mills. "Impacts of Fire on Snowshoe Hares in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA." Fire Ecology 11, no. 2 (August 2015): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.1102119.

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26

Butler, David R. "SNOW-AVALANCHE HAZARDS IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA: METEOROLOGIC AND CLIMATOLOGIC ASPECTS." Physical Geography 7, no. 1 (January 1986): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1986.10642282.

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27

Marnell, Leo F., Robert J. ,. Behnke, and Fred W. Allendorf. "Genetic Identification of Cutthroat Trout, Salmo clarki, in Glacier National Park, Montana." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1830–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-227.

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Trout populations in 29 lakes in Glacier National Park were identified by meristic and electrophoretic analyses to assess the extent of introgressive hybridization between introduced nonnative trout and the indigenous cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki lewisi. Native cutthroat trout remain in 16 lakes draining to the North and Middle forks of the Flathead River; no native trout were found east of the Continental Divide. Introduced Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki bouvieri, occur in six headwater lakes. Hybrid populations, including both S. c. lewisi × bouvieri and S. clarki × S. gairdneri, inhabit six lakes. Hybridization between native and introduced trouts has been minimal, apparently due to strong selective pressures favoring the indigenous genotype. Close agreement was observed between the meristic and electrophoretic results.

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28

Kunkel, Kyran, and Daniel H. Pletscher. "Winter Hunting Patterns of Wolves in and Near Glacier National Park, Montana." Journal of Wildlife Management 65, no. 3 (July 2001): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3803105.

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29

Keiter, Robert B., and Wayne A. Hubert. "Legal considerations in challenging external threats to Glacier National Park, Montana, USA." Environmental Management 11, no. 1 (January 1987): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01867187.

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30

Mast, M. Alisa, and David W. Clow. "Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana." Hydrological Processes 22, no. 26 (December 30, 2008): 5013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7121.

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31

Butler, David R., and George P. Malanson. "A History of High-Magnitude Snow Avalanches, Southern Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Mountain Research and Development 5, no. 2 (May 1985): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673256.

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32

Debinski, Diane M., and Peter F. Brussard. "Using Biodiversity Data to Assess Species-Habitat Relationships in Glacier National Park, Montana." Ecological Applications 4, no. 4 (November 1994): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1942012.

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33

Barrett, Stephen W., Stephen F. Arno, and Carl H. Key. "Fire regimes of western larch – lodgepole pine forests in Glacier National Park, Montana." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-237.

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We conducted a detailed investigation of fire frequencies, patterns of fire spread, and the effects of fire on tree succession in the western larch – lodgepole pine (Larixoccidentalis – Pinuscontorta var. latifolia) forests west of the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana. Master fire chronologies for 1650 to the present were constructed based on tree fire scars and fire-initiated age-classes. Two kinds of primeval fire regimes were identified: (i) a mixed-severity regime ranging from nonlethal underburns to stand-replacing fires at mean intervals of 25–75 years and (ii) a regime of infrequent stand-replacing fires at mean intervals of 140–340 years. The former regime is characteristic of the North Fork Flathead valley and appears to be linked to a relatively dry climate and gentler topography compared with the McDonald Creek – Apgar Mountains and Middle Fork Flathead areas, where the latter fire regime predominates. Fire frequency in the entire North Fork study area was 20 fire years per century prior to 1935 and 2 per century after 1935. In the other two study areas it was 3–5 per century both before and after 1935. We suggest that fire suppression has altered the primeval fire regime in the North Fork, but not in the central and southern areas.

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34

Pedevillano, Cathy, and R. Gerald Wright. "The influence of visitors on mountain goat activities in Glacier National Park, Montana." Biological Conservation 39, no. 1 (1987): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(87)90002-4.

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35

Pederson, Gregory T., Daniel B. Fagre, Stephen T. Gray, and Lisa J. Graumlich. "Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA." Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 12 (June 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004gl019770.

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36

Lesica, Peter. "Arctic-Alpine Plants Decline over Two Decades in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 46, no. 2 (May 2014): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-46.2.327.

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37

Pederson, Gregory T., Stephen T. Gray, Daniel B. Fagre, and Lisa J. Graumlich. "Long-Duration Drought Variability and Impacts on Ecosystem Services: A Case Study from Glacier National Park, Montana." Earth Interactions 10, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei153.1.

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Abstract Instrumental climate records suggest that summer precipitation and winter snowpack in Glacier National Park (Glacier NP), Montana, vary significantly over decadal to multidecadal time scales. Because instrumental records for the region are limited to the twentieth century, knowledge of the range of variability associated with these moisture anomalies and their impacts on ecosystems and physical processes are limited. The authors developed a reconstruction of summer (June–August) moisture variability spanning a.d. 1540–2000 from a multispecies network of tree-ring chronologies in Glacier NP. Decadal-scale drought and pluvial regimes were defined as any event lasting 10 yr or greater, and the significance of each potential regime was assessed using intervention analysis. Intervention analysis prevents single intervening years of average or opposing moisture conditions from ending what was otherwise a sustained moisture regime. The reconstruction shows numerous decadal-scale shifts between persistent drought and wet events prior to the instrumental period (before a.d. 1900). Notable wet events include a series of three long-duration, high-magnitude pluvial regimes spanning the end of the Little Ice Age (a.d. 1770–1840). Though the late-nineteenth century was marked by a series of >10 yr droughts, the single most severe dry event occurred in the early-twentieth century (a.d. 1917–41). These decadal-scale dry and wet events, in conjunction with periods of high and low snowpack, have served as a driver of ecosystem processes such as forest fires and glacial dynamics in the Glacier NP region. Using a suite of paleoproxy reconstructions and information from previous studies examining the relationship between climate variability and natural processes, the authors explore how such persistent moisture anomalies affect the delivery of vital goods and services provided by Glacier NP and surrounding areas. These analyses show that regional water resources and tourism are particularly vulnerable to persistent moisture anomalies in the Glacier NP area. Many of these same decadal-scale wet and dry events were also seen among a wider network of hydroclimatic reconstructions along a north–south transect of the Rocky Mountains. Such natural climate variability can, in turn, have enormous impacts on the sustainable provision of natural resources over wide areas. Overall, these results highlight the susceptibility of goods and services provided by protected areas like Glacier NP to natural climate variability, and show that this susceptibility will likely be compounded by the effects of future human-induced climate change.

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38

Butler, David R. "Classics and archives." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 5 (October 2016): 732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316671098.

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In 1925, then-Captain AW Stevens of the US Army Air Corps took low-angle, oblique aerial photographs of the spectacular landscape of Glacier National Park, Montana (USA). Two of those photographs, of astonishing clarity, were used in a US Geological Survey Professional Paper published in 1959, but were subsequently assigned to the US National Archives and never utilized again. This paper advocates the usefulness of Stevens’ photographs for documenting landscape change from the early 20th century to the present. Stevens’ photographs illustrate the “state” of numerous Park glaciers in 1925, and are the first known aerial photographs of the Park glaciers. These photographs can be used in comparison to modern photographs to illustrate the extent of glacial recession that has occurred in the Park since 1925.

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39

KUNKEL, KYRAN E., DANIEL H. PLETSCHER, DIANE K. BOYD, ROBERT R. REAM, and MICHAEL W. FAIRCHILD. "FACTORS CORRELATED WITH FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF WOLVES IN AND NEAR GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA." Journal of Wildlife Management 68, no. 1 (January 2004): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2004)068[0167:fcwfbo]2.0.co;2.

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40

Cairns, David M. "MULTI-SCALE ANALYSIS OF SOIL NUTRIENTS AT ALPINE TREELINE IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA." Physical Geography 20, no. 3 (May 1999): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1999.10642679.

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41

Kunkel, Kyran E., Toni K. Ruth, Daniel H. Pletscher, and Maurice G. Hornocker. "Winter Prey Selection by Wolves and Cougars in and Near Glacier National Park Montana." Journal of Wildlife Management 63, no. 3 (July 1999): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802804.

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42

MacGregor, Kelly R., Catherine A. Riihimaki, Amy Myrbo, Mark D. Shapley, and Krista Jankowski. "Geomorphic and climatic change over the past 12,900 yr at Swiftcurrent Lake, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA." Quaternary Research 75, no. 1 (January 2011): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.08.005.

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AbstractGlaciated alpine landscapes are sensitive to changes in climate. Shifts in temperature and precipitation can cause significant changes to glacier size and terminus position, the production and delivery of organic mass, and in the hydrologic energy related to the transport of water and sediment through proglacial environments. A sediment core representing a 12,900-yr record collected from Swiftcurrent Lake, located on the eastern side of Glacier National Park, Montana, was analyzed to assess variability in Holocene and latest Pleistocene environment. The spectral signature of total organic carbon content (%TOC) since ~ 7.6 ka matches that of solar forcing over 70–500 yr timescales. Periodic inputs of dolomite to the lake reflect an increased footprint of Grinnell Glacier, and occur during periods when sediment sinks are reduced, glacial erosion is increased, and hydrologic energy is increased. Grain size, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios, and %TOC broadly define the termination of the Younger Dryas chronozone at Swiftcurrent Lake, as well as major Holocene climate transitions. Variability in core parameters is linked to other records of temperature and aridity in the northern Rocky Mountains over the late Pleistocene and Holocene.

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43

Hall, Dorothy K., James L. Foster, Janet Y. L. Chien, and George A. Riggs. "Determination of actual snow-covered area using Landsat TM and digital elevation model data in Glacier National Park, Montana." Polar Record 31, no. 177 (April 1995): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400013693.

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AbstractIn the future, data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be employed to map snow in an automated environment at a resolution of 250 m to 1 km. Using Landsat thematic mapper (TM) data, an algorithm, SNOMAP, has been developed to map snow-covered area. This algorithm will be used, with appropriate modification, with MODIS data following the launch of the first Earth Observing System (EOS) platform in 1998. SNOMAP has been shown to be successful in mapping snow in a variety of areas using TM data. However, significant errors may be present in mountainous areas due to effects of topography. To increase the accuracy of mapping global snow-covered area in the future using MODIS data, digital elevation model (DEM) data have been registered to TM data for parts of Glacier National Park, Montana, so that snow cover on mountain slopes can be mapped. This paper shows that the use of DEM data registered to TM data increases the accuracy of mapping snow-covered area. Using SNOMAP on a subscene within the 14 March 1991 TM scene of northwestern Montana, 215 km2 of snow is mapped when TM data are used alone to map the snow cover. We show that about 1062 km2 of snow are actually present as measured when the TM and DEM data are registered. Approximately five times more snow is present when the effects of topography are considered for this subscene, which is in a rugged area in Glacier National Park. A simple model has been developed to determine the relationship between terrain relief and the amount of correction that must be applied to map actual snow-covered area in Glacier National Park using satellite data alone.

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44

Osborn, Gerald. "Holocene tephrostratigraphy and glacial fluctuations in Waterton Lakes and Glacier national parks, Alberta and Montana." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-111.

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Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta and Glacier National Park in Montana lie along adjacent sections of the continental divide in the Rocky Mountains. In cirques or near divides there is evidence for two ages of glacial deposits. Younger deposits are generally well preserved, poorly vegetated, and bear no tephra and no or very small lichens. Older deposits are more poorly preserved, better vegetated, bear Rhizocarpon sp. lichens at least up to 92 mm in diameter, and bear tephra. The tephra often occurs in two different coloured horizons, but both are compositionally equivalent to Mazama tephra.The older advance has a minimum age of about 6800 14C years BP and a probable maximum age of about 12 000 14C years BP. It is correlated with the pre-Mazama Crowfoot Advance of the Canadian Rockies. Deposits of the younger advance are probably not too much older than mid-19th century, because some glaciers began retreating from the deposits about then. The younger advance is correlated to the Cavell Advance of the Canadian Rockies and the Gannett Peak Advance of the American Rockies.Both advances were minor. The older advance left moraines about 1.5 km or less beyond present glacier margins and depressed ELA's an average of 40 m below modern values.

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45

White, Jr., Don, Katherine C. Kendall, and Harold D. Picton. "Grizzly bear feeding activity at alpine army cutworm moth aggregation sites in northwest Montana." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-185.

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Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) consume army cutworm moths (Euxoa auxiliaris) from late June through mid-September at alpine moth aggregation sites in Glacier National Park, Montana. To better understand the importance of army cutworm moths to grizzly bears, we determined the sex and age classes and minimum numbers of grizzly bears foraging at known alpine moth aggregation sites, and documented the timing and use patterns of grizzly bears foraging in these areas. A minimum of 36 grizzly bears were observed 106 times feeding at 6 of 9 known moth aggregation sites from late June through mid-September in 1992-1995; no bears were observed on moth sites in 1993. Bears fed on moth aggregations disproportionately more at elevations >2561 m, on slopes between 31° and 45°, and on southwest-facing aspects. Lone adult grizzly bears appeared to be underrepresented and subadults overrepresented at moth sites. Moths are highly digestible; all parts are digested except for the exoskeleton. We propose that army cutworm moths are an important, high-quality, preferred summer and early-fall food for grizzly bears in Glacier National Park. We do not present any data that demonstrate an increase in the importance of moths when other foods fail.

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46

Resler, Lynn M., David R. Butler, and George P. Malanson. "Topographic Shelter and Conifer Establishment and Mortality in an Alpine Environment, Glacier National Park, Montana." Physical Geography 26, no. 2 (January 2005): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.26.2.112.

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47

Klasner, Frederick L., and Daniel B. Fagre. "A Half Century of Change in Alpine Treeline Patterns at Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34, no. 1 (February 2002): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1552508.

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48

McClelland, B. Riley, and Patricia T. McClelland. "Final Report: Encounters of Bald Eagles Banded at Autumn Concentrations in Glacier National Park, Montana." Journal of Raptor Research 53, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-18-81.

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49

Ellis, Bonnie K., Jack A. Stanford, James A. Craft, Dale W. Chess, F. Richard Hauer, and Diane C. Whited. "Plankton communities of alpine and subalpine lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A., 1984–1990." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 28, no. 3 (October 2002): 1542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2001.11902716.

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