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Journal articles on the topic 'Geology Australia'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

COOPER, BARRY J., and JAMES B. JAGO. "ROBERT BEDFORD (1874–1951), THE KYANCUTTA MUSEUM, AND A UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY." Earth Sciences History 37, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 416–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-37.2.416.

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Robert Bedford (1874–1951), based in the isolated community of Kyancutta in South Australia, was a unique contributor to world geology, specifically in the field of meteorites and fossil archaeocyatha. Born Robert Arthur Buddicom in Shropshire, UK, he was an Oxford graduate who worked as a scientist in Freiberg, Naples, Birmingham and Shrewsbury as well as with the Natural History Museum, Kensington and the Plymouth Museum in the United Kingdom. He was a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, 1899–1910. In 1915, Buddicom changed his surname to Bedford and relocated to South Australia. During the 1920s, Bedford expanded his geological interests with the establishment of a public museum in Kyancutta in 1929. This included material previously collected and stored in the United Kingdom before being sent to Australia. Bedford was very successful in collecting material from the distant Henbury meteorite craters in Australia's Northern Territory, during three separate trips in 1931–1933. He became an authority on meteorites with much Henbury material being sent to the British Museum in London. However, Bedford's work on, and collecting of, meteorites resulted in a serious rift with the South Australian scientific establishment. Bedford is best known amongst geologists for his five taxonomic papers on the superbly preserved lower Cambrian archaeocyath fossils from the Ajax Mine near Beltana in South Australia's Flinders Ranges with field work commencing in about 1932 and extending until World War II. This research, describing thirty new genera and ninety-nine new species, was published in the Memoirs of the Kyancutta Museum, a journal that Bedford personally established and financed in 1934. These papers are regularly referenced today in international research dealing with archaeocyaths.

2

Plumb, K. A. "Proterozoic geology of Australia and palaeomagnetism." Exploration Geophysics 24, no. 2 (June 1993): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg993213.

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3

Groves, David I., Mark E. Barley, and Julie M. Shepherd. "Geology and Mineralisation of Western Australia." Exploration Geophysics 25, no. 3 (September 1994): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg994163.

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4

Nott, Jonathan F. "The urban geology of Darwin, Australia." Quaternary International 103, no. 1 (January 2003): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00143-x.

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5

Cook, Robert B. "Ataeamite: Moonta Mine, South Australia, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 81, no. 5 (January 2006): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.81.5.374-378.

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6

Jworchan, Indra, Tony O' Brien, Emged Rizkalla, and Paul Gorman. "Engineering geology of Waterside Green, Sydney, Australia." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31879.

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Development of low-lying land affected by high water table in saline and sodic soils and local swampy areas remains a challenge for the local government, developers, and other regulators. The development control plan for a proposed residential or commercial subdivision in such a site in Penrith, Sydney, Australia, states that the drainage and stormwater management systems within and across the site should be improved and proposed buildings should be constructed on the ground higher than the 100-year flood level. This paper presents the results of engineering geological and geotechnical investigations for the proposed subdivision. The subsurface profile at the site comprises alluvial deposits underlain by residual soil, which in turn is underlain by shale and sandstone. In the eastern portion of the site, the alluvial deposits comprise a sequence of clay, sand and gravel, and in the western portion they contain a succession of clean sand and gravel. The alluvium in the eastern portion of the site is saline whereas it is generally non-saline in the western portion. All saline soils are sodic and most non saline ones are non-sodic. This paper discusses the suitability of on-site soils for use in a structural fill and impermeable clay liner as well as the management of saline and dispersive soils.

7

Nott, Jonathan F. "The urban geology of Cairns, Queensland, Australia." Quaternary International 103, no. 1 (January 2003): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00142-8.

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8

Groves, David I., Mark E. Barley, and Julie M. Shepherd. "OVERVIEWS: Geology and mineralisation of Western Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 1994, no. 1 (December 1994): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/asegspec07_02.

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9

McNally, G. H. "Some issues in environmental geology in Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 1 (February 2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00767.x.

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10

Kear, B. P., J. A. Long, and J. E. Martin. "A review of Australian mosasaur occurrences." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 3 (September 2005): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021089.

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AbstractMosasaurs are rare in Australia with fragmentary specimens known only from the Cenomanian-lower Turonian Molecap Greensand (Perth Basin), Campanian - lower Maastrichtian Korojon Calcarenite (Carnarvon Basin), and upper Maastrichtian Miria Formation (Carnarvon Basin), Western Australia. These units were laid down during a near-continuous marine inundation of the western margin of the Australian landmass (which followed separation from India in the Valanginian and genesis of the Indian Ocean) in the Early-Late Cretaceous. The Australian mosasaur record incorporates evidence of derived mosasaurids (mainly plioplatecarpines); however, as yet no specimen can be conclusively diagnosed to genus or species level. The fragmentary nature of the remains provides little basis for direct palaeobiogeographic comparisons. However, correlation with existing data on associated vertebrates, macroinvertebrates and microfossils suggests that the Western Australian mosasaur fauna might have been transitional in nature (particularly following palaeobiogeographic separation of the northern and southern Indian Oceans during the mid-Campanian), potentially sharing elements with both northern Tethyan and austral high-latitude regions.

11

Cawood, P. A., E. C. Leitch, R. E. Merle, and A. A. Nemchin. "Orogenesis without collision: Stabilizing the Terra Australis accretionary orogen, eastern Australia." Geological Society of America Bulletin 123, no. 11-12 (June 24, 2011): 2240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b30415.1.

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12

Ripperdan, R. L., M. Magaritz, and J. L. Kirschvink. "Carbon isotope and magnetic polarity evidence for non-depositional events within the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary section near Dayangcha, Jilin Province, China." Geological Magazine 130, no. 4 (July 1993): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800020525.

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AbstractCarbon isotope and magnetic polarity stratigraphic results from the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary section at Xiaoyangqiao, near Dayangcha, Jilin Province, China, in comparison to a contemporaneous section at Black Mountain, Australia, indicate strata equivalent to major portions of the Australian sequence are either absent or are restricted to highly condensed intervals. These intervals are correlative with regressive sea level events identified in Australia and western North America, suggesting regional or eustatic sea level changes strongly influenced deposition of the Xiaoyangqiao sequence. These results also suggest the Xiaoyangqiao section is unfavourable as the site of the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Global Stratotype Section and Point.

13

Newton, Warwick, Sue Daly, Stuart Robertson, Wolfgang Preiss, Colin conor, and Andrew Burtt. "Overview of geology and mineralisation in South Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2003, no. 3 (December 2003): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/asegspec12_01.

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14

Howard, Kieren T., and Peter W. Haines. "The geology of Darwin Crater, western Tasmania, Australia." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 260, no. 1-2 (August 2007): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.007.

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15

Phillips, Ryan D., Gary Backhouse, Andrew P. Brown, and Stephen D. Hopper. "Biogeography of Caladenia (Orchidaceae), with special reference to the South-west Australian Floristic Region." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 4 (2009): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08157.

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Caladenia contains 376 species and subspecies, of which almost all are endemic to temperate and southern semiarid Australia. Eleven species occur in New Zealand, 10 of which are endemic, and one species is widely distributed in eastern Australia and the western Pacific. Only three species occur in both south-western and south-eastern Australia. At subgeneric level, Drakonorchis is endemic to the South-west Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR), Stegostyla to eastern Australia and New Zealand, whereas three subgenera, Calonema, Phlebochilus and Elevatae occur on both sides of the Nullarbor Plain. Subgenus Caladenia is primarily eastern Australian but also extends to the western Pacific. The largest subgenera (Calonema and Phlebochilus) have radiated extensively, with Calonema exhibiting a greater concentration of species in more mesic parts of the SWAFR than Phlebochilus. Within the SWAFR, the major biogeographic division within Caladenia follows the 600-mm isohyet. Within rainfall zones, biogeographic districts for Caladenia correlate with a combination of underlying geology and surface soils. Areas of high endemism contain diverse edaphic environments. Climatic and edaphic requirements are likely to be key drivers of rarity in Caladenia, although these parameters may be acting in concert with mycorrhizal and pollinator specificity.

16

Graham, Lan T., and Ross E. Pogson. "The Albert Chapman Mineral Collection: Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.29-39.

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17

Robin, Libby, Steve Morton, and Mike Smith. "Writing a History of Scientific Endeavour in Australia’s Deserts." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14011.

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This special issue of Historical Records of Australian Science explores some of the sciences that have contributed to our understanding of inland Australia, country variously known as desert, the arid zone, drylands and the outback. The sciences that have concentrated on deserts include ecology, geomorphology, hydrology, rangeland management, geography, surveying, meteorology and geology, plus many others. In recognition that desert science has surged ahead in the past few decades, we have invited contributors who describe various different desert initiatives. We use these case studies to open up the discussion about how Australians see their desert lands, how this has changed over time and how desert scientists from the rest of the world regard the distinctive desert country in Australia.

18

Mcnamara, Kenneth, and Frances Dodds. "The Early History of Palaeontology in Western Australia: 1791-1899." Earth Sciences History 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.5.1.t85384660311h176.

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The exploration of the coast of Western Australia by English and French explorers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to the first recorded discoveries of fossiliferous rocks in Western Australia. The first forty years of exploration and discovery of fossil sites in the State was restricted entirely to the coast of the Continent. Following the establishment of permanent settlements in the 1820s the first of the inland fossil localities were located in the 1830s, north of Albany, and north of Perth. As new land was surveyed; particularly north of Perth, principally by the Gregory brothers in the 1840s and 1850s, Palaeozoic rocks were discovered in the Perth and Carnarvon Basins. F.T. Gregory in particular developed a keen interest in the geology of the State to such an extent that he was able, at a meeting of the Geological Society of London in 1861, to present not only a geological map of part of the State, but also a suite of fossils which showed the existence of Permian and Hesozoic strata. The entire history of nineteenth century palaeontology in Western Australia was one of discovery and collection of specimens. These were studied initially by overseas naturalists, but latterly, in the 1890s by Etheridge at The Australian Museum in Sydney. Sufficient specimens had been collected and described by the turn of the century that the basic outline of the Phanerozoic geology of the sedimentary basins was reasonably well known.

19

Chessman, Bruce C., Nina Bate, Peter A. Gell, and Peter Newall. "A diatom species index for bioassessment of Australian rivers." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 6 (2007): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06220.

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The Diatom Index for Australian Rivers (DIAR), originally developed at the genus level, was reformulated at the species level with data from diatom sampling of rivers in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Victoria. The resulting Diatom Species Index for Australian Rivers (DSIAR) was significantly correlated with the ARCE (Assessment of River Condition, Environment) index developed in the Australian National Land and Water Resources Audit (NLWRA), and with nine of the ARCE’s constituent indices and sub-indices, across 395 river reaches in south-eastern Australia. These correlations were generally stronger than those shown by the biological index that was used to assess river condition in the NLWRA, the ARCB (Assessment of River Condition, Biota) index based on macroinvertebrates and the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS). At a finer spatial scale, DSIAR was strongly and significantly correlated with measures of catchment urbanisation for streams in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria. DSIAR scores across south-eastern Australia bore little relationship to the latitude, longitude or altitude of sampling sites, suggesting that DSIAR is not greatly affected by macro-geographical position. In addition, DSIAR scores did not vary greatly among small-scale hydraulic environments within a site. DSIAR appears to have potential as a broad-scale indicator of human influences on Australian rivers, especially the effects of agricultural and urban land use, and also for impact studies at a local scale. Further evaluation is warranted to test the sensitivity of the index to natural variables such as catchment geology, and to assess its performance in northern, western and inland Australia.

20

Salmachi, Alireza, Mojtaba Rajabi, Carmine Wainman, Steven Mackie, Peter McCabe, Bronwyn Camac, and Christopher Clarkson. "History, Geology, In Situ Stress Pattern, Gas Content and Permeability of Coal Seam Gas Basins in Australia: A Review." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092651.

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Coal seam gas (CSG), also known as coalbed methane (CBM), is an important source of gas supply to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporting facilities in eastern Australia and to the Australian domestic market. In late 2018, Australia became the largest exporter of LNG in the world. 29% of the country’s LNG nameplate capacity is in three east coast facilities that are supplied primarily by coal seam gas. Six geological basins including Bowen, Sydney, Gunnedah, Surat, Cooper and Gloucester host the majority of CSG resources in Australia. The Bowen and Surat basins contain an estimated 40Tcf of CSG whereas other basins contain relatively minor accumulations. In the Cooper Basin of South Australia, thick and laterally extensive Permian deep coal seams (>2 km) are currently underdeveloped resources. Since 2013, gas production exclusively from deep coal seams has been tested as a single add-on fracture stimulation in vertical well completions across the Cooper Basin. The rates and reserves achieved since 2013 demonstrate a robust statistical distribution (>130 hydraulic fracture stages), the mean of which, is economically viable. The geological characteristics including coal rank, thickness and hydrogeology as well as the present-day stress pattern create favourable conditions for CSG production. Detailed analyses of high-resolution borehole image log data reveal that there are major perturbations in maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) orientation, both spatially and with depth in Australian CSG basins, which is critical in hydraulic fracture stimulation and geomechanical modelling. Within a basin, significant variability in gas content and permeability may be observed with depth. The major reasons for such variabilities are coal rank, sealing capacity of overlying formations, measurement methods, thermal effects of magmatic intrusions, geological structures and stress regime. Field studies in Australia show permeability may enhance throughout depletion in CSG fields and the functional form of permeability versus reservoir pressure is exponential, consistent with observations in North American CSG fields.

21

Branagan, D. F., and D. T. Moore. "W. H. Fitton's Geology of Australia's Coasts, 1826." Historical Records of Australian Science 19, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr08001.

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In an appendix to Phillip Parker King's 1826 book Narrative of a Survey of the ... Coasts of Australia..., W. H. Fitton attempted, largely on the basis of the rock specimens collected on King's and earlier expeditions, to summarize the geological (mainly lithological) character of Australia's coastal regions. We have examined and identified the specimens, preserved in the Natural History Museum, London, in terms of modern concepts, indicating their stratigraphic affinities. Fitton realized the limitations of his work and, wishing to encourage better knowledge, appended 'Instructions for collecting geological specimens', stressing the need to understand not only the materials, but the order of formation. Fitton was indicating that a sense of stratigraphy was essential to the progress of geology. Despite its deficiencies, Fitton's paper was an important step towards understanding the geology of an almost unknown continent.

22

Burrett, Clive, and Ronald Berry. "Proterozoic Australia–Western United States (AUSWUS) fit between Laurentia and Australia." Geology 28, no. 2 (2000): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<103:pausaf>2.0.co;2.

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23

Klootwijk, Chris. "Middle–Late Paleozoic Australia–Asia convergence and tectonic extrusion of Australia." Gondwana Research 24, no. 1 (July 2013): 5–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.10.007.

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24

Shragge, Jeffrey, David Lumley, Julien Bourget, Toby Potter, Taka Miyoshi, Ben Witten, Jeremie Giraud, et al. "The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 2: Seismic validation." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): T793—T807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0218.1.

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Large-scale 3D modeling of realistic earth models is being increasingly undertaken in industry and academia. These models have proven useful for various activities such as geologic scenario testing through seismic finite-difference (FD) modeling, investigating new acquisition geometries, and validating novel seismic imaging, inversion, and interpretation methods. We have evaluated the results of the Western Australia (WA) Modeling (WAMo) project, involving the development of a large-scale 3D geomodel representative of geology of the Carnarvon Basin, located offshore of WA’s North West Shelf (NWS). Constrained by a variety of geologic, petrophysical, and field seismic data sets, the viscoelastic WAMo 3D geomodel was used in seismic FD modeling and imaging tests to “validate” model realizations. Calibrating the near-surface model proved to be challenging due to the limited amount of well data available for the top 500 m below the mudline. We addressed this issue by incorporating additional information (e.g., geotechnical data, analog studies) as well as by using soft constraints to match the overall character of nearby NWS seismic data with the modeled shot gathers. This process required undertaking several “linear” iterations to apply near-surface model conditioning, as well as “nonlinear” iterations to update the underlying petrophysical relationships. Overall, the resulting final WAMo 3D geomodel and accompanying modeled shot gathers and imaging results are able to reproduce the complex full-wavefield character of NWS marine seismic data. Thus, the WAMo model is well-calibrated for use in geologic and geophysical scenario testing to address common NWS seismic imaging, inversion, and interpretation challenges.

25

Carr, Lidena, Russell Korsch, and Tehani Palu. "Australia's onshore basin inventory: volume I." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15097.

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Following the publication of Geoscience Australia Record 2014/09: Petroleum geology inventory of Australia’s offshore frontier basins by Totterdell et al (2014), the onshore petroleum section of Geoscience Australia embarked on a similar project for the onshore Australian basins. Volume I of this publication series contains inventories of the McArthur, South Nicholson, Georgina, Amadeus, Warburton, Wiso, Galilee, and Cooper basins. A comprehensive review of the geology, petroleum systems, exploration status, and data coverage for these eight Australian onshore basins was conducted, based on the results of Geoscience Australia’s precompetitive data programs, industry exploration results, and the geoscience literature. A petroleum prospectivity ranking was assigned to each basin, based on evidence for the existence of an active petroleum system. The availability of data and level of knowledge in each area was reflected in a confidence rating for that ranking. This extended abstract summarises the rankings assigned to each of these eight basins, and describes the type of information available for each of these basins in the publically available report by Carr et al (2016), available on the Geoscience Australia website. The record allocated a high prospectivity rating for the Amadeus and Cooper basins, a moderate rating for the Galilee, McArthur and Georgina basins, and a low rating for the South Nicholson, Warburton and Wiso basins. The record lists how best to access data for each basin, provides an assessment of issues and unanswered questions, and recommends future work directions to lessen the risk of these basins in terms of their petroleum prospectivity. Work is in progress to compile inventories on the next series of onshore basins.

26

Karanth, R. V. "Gemstones of Western Australia." Journal of the Geological Society of India 82, no. 3 (September 2013): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-013-0154-z.

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27

Cook, Robert B. "Crocoite: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.50-54.

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28

Downes, Peter J., and Alex W. R. Bevan. "Diamonds in Western Australia." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.66-73.

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29

Fowler, Keirnan J. A., Suwash Chandra Acharya, Nans Addor, Chihchung Chou, and Murray C. Peel. "CAMELS-AUS: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 222 catchments in Australia." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 3847–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3847-2021.

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Abstract. This paper presents the Australian edition of the Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS) series of datasets. CAMELS-AUS (Australia) comprises data for 222 unregulated catchments, combining hydrometeorological time series (streamflow and 18 climatic variables) with 134 attributes related to geology, soil, topography, land cover, anthropogenic influence and hydroclimatology. The CAMELS-AUS catchments have been monitored for decades (more than 85 % have streamflow records longer than 40 years) and are relatively free of large-scale changes, such as significant changes in land use. Rating curve uncertainty estimates are provided for most (75 %) of the catchments, and multiple atmospheric datasets are included, offering insights into forcing uncertainty. This dataset allows users globally to freely access catchment data drawn from Australia's unique hydroclimatology, particularly notable for its large interannual variability. Combined with arid catchment data from the CAMELS datasets for the USA and Chile, CAMELS-AUS constitutes an unprecedented resource for the study of arid-zone hydrology. CAMELS-AUS is freely downloadable from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921850 (Fowler et al., 2020a).

30

V.A., Shuper. "Geography of Australia And Oceania: «From Geology To Ideology»." MGIMO Review of International Relations 6, no. 63 (December 1, 2018): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2018-6-63-317-324.

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31

Wilde, A. R., and V. J. Wall. "Geology of the Nabarlek uranium deposit, Northern Territory, Australia." Economic Geology 82, no. 5 (August 1, 1987): 1152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.5.1152.

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32

Willey, E. C. "Urban geology of the Toowoomba conurbation, SE Queensland, Australia." Quaternary International 103, no. 1 (January 2003): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00141-6.

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33

Catto, Norm, and Peter Bobrowsky. "Urban and Quaternary geology, New Zealand and eastern Australia." Quaternary International 103, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00177-5.

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34

Walter, Malcolm. "The geology of South Australia, volume 1. The Precambrian." Precambrian Research 78, no. 4 (June 1996): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00060-7.

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35

Laznicka, P. "Geology and economics of platinum-group metals in Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 5, no. 3 (February 1990): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(90)90013-d.

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36

Gatehouse, Colin G. "The geology of the Warburton Basin in South Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 2 (June 1986): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098608729357.

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37

Percival, I. G., and P. M. Cooney. "PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE MERLINLEIGH SUB-BASIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84017.

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Esso's recent drilling program in the Merlinleigh Sub-basin, onshore Carnarvon Basin, represents the culmination of the first phase of concerted exploration activity in the area since the WAPET era of the 1960s. The region is unusual among Australian petroleum provinces in having excellent exposures of reservoir, source and seal rocks of Palaeozoic age. While both Esso wells (Burna 1 and Gascoyne 1) failed to encounter hydrocarbons in the primary Wooramel Group play, encouraging potential still exists. The reservoir in the Wooramel Group play is the Early Permian Moogooloo Sandstone, a fluviodeltaic to nearshore sheet-sand facies with porosities to 23 per cent and permeabilities in excess of 100 millidarcys. Likely hydrocarbon sources are siltstones in the overlying Byro Group, with total organic carbon contents averaging 3 per cent, and calcilutites in the subjacent Callytharra Formation with similar organic content. Locally, the Jimba Jimba Calcarenite Member (Billidee Formation) and the Cordalia Sandstone also provide rich source units. The least certain aspects of the Early Permian play are fault and top seal, and reservoir quality at depth. Notwithstanding the relatively shallow depths to source strata in the area, vitrinite reflectance analyses from drill cores indicate that maturation is attained as shallow as 900 m on the folded and faulted western margin of the sub-basin, and at an approximate depth of 1200 m in the depocentre beneath the Kennedy Range. This can be related to high regional heat flow, and to erosion of some 1500-2000 m of sediments prior to the regional Early Cretaceous transgression.Older plays which have been identified in the area remain to be adequately evaluated. Potential reservoir sands are present in the Silurian Tumblagooda Sandstone, the Middle and Late Devonian Nannyarra and Munabia Sandstones, and the Early Carboniferous Williambury Formation. Possible source rocks include carbonates of Middle Devonian and Early Carboniferous age. One of the objects of current research has been to locate areas where seal, provided by the glacigene Lyons Formation of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian age, is sufficiently thin to permit economic drilling.

38

Osborne, D. G., and E. A. Howell. "THE GEOLOGY OF THE HARRIET OILFIELD, OFFSHORE WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86014.

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The Harriet Oilfield, discovered in November 1988, is situated within offshore permit WA-192-P in the Barrow Sub-basin. Following the Harriet 1 discovery well, detailed seismic surveys were recorded and a further ten wells were drilled on the structure between 1988 and 1985. Nine of the wells were completed as producers and one was plugged and abandoned as a dry hole.The oil accumulation occurs in a low relief, fault-dependent closure on the upthrown side of the Lowendal Fault. The trap is mainly structurally controlled but stratigraphic barriers are believed to be locally present, based on differing oil-water contacts in Harriet B-3 and Harriet A-5. These indicate the presence of three hydrocarbon pools separated by permeability barriers.The massive Flag Sandstone reservoir of Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) age was deposited in a submarine fan environment, northward of the advancing Barrow Group delta. Reservoir quality is very good, with average core porosity of 22 per cent and permeabilities mainly in the range 800-2 000 md. However, a broad oil-water transition zone is developed above the oil-water contact. A residual oil zone is present below the oil-water contact in the northeastern area of the field, suggesting tilting of the structure after initial accumulation of the oil. The gross oil column in the main, Central Pool is 19-21 m with a gas cap up to 10 m thick. The 37° API crude is a relatively unaltered, high quality, paraffinic oil probably sourced from the Jurassic Dingo Claystone.The Harriet Field is the first commercial development of a Barrow Group hydrocarbon accumulation. Recoverable oil reserves are currently estimated at 21 million barrels. The field came on stream in January 1986 and by October 1986 oil production was averaging 10 000 barrels/day.

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Gibson, G. M., and D. C. Champion. "Antipodean fugitive terranes in southern Laurentia: How Proterozoic Australia built the American West." Lithosphere 11, no. 4 (June 10, 2019): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l1072.1.

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Abstract Paleoproterozoic arc and backarc assemblages accreted to the south Laurentian margin between 1800 Ma and 1600 Ma, and previously thought to be indigenous to North America, more likely represent fragments of a dismembered marginal sea developed outboard of the formerly opposing Australian-Antarctic plate. Fugitive elements of this arc-backarc system in North America share a common geological record with their left-behind Australia-Antarctic counterparts, including discrete peaks in tectonic and/or magmatic activity at 1780 Ma, 1760 Ma, 1740 Ma, 1710–1705 Ma, 1690–1670 Ma, 1650 Ma, and 1620 Ma. Subduction rollback, ocean basin closure, and the arrival of Laurentia at the Australian-Antarctic convergent margin first led to arc-continent collision at 1650–1640 Ma and then continent-continent collision by 1620 Ma as the last vestiges of the backarc basin collapsed. Collision induced obduction and transfer of the arc and more outboard parts of the Australian-Antarctic backarc basin onto the Laurentian margin, where they remained following later breakup of the Neoproterozoic Rodinia supercontinent. North American felsic rocks generally yield Nd depleted mantle model ages consistent with arc and backarc assemblages built on early Paleoproterozoic Australian crust as opposed to older Archean basement making up the now underlying Wyoming and Superior cratons.

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Bell, Phil R., Russell D. C. Bicknell, and Elizabeth T. Smith. "Crayfish bio-gastroliths from eastern Australia and the middle Cretaceous distribution of Parastacidae." Geological Magazine 157, no. 7 (October 30, 2019): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819001092.

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AbstractFossil crayfish are typically rare, worldwide. In Australia, the strictly Southern Hemisphere clade Parastacidae, while ubiquitous in modern freshwater systems, is known only from sparse fossil occurrences from the Aptian–Albian of Victoria. We expand this record to the Cenomanian of northern New South Wales, where opalized bio-gastroliths (temporary calcium storage bodies found in the foregut of pre-moult crayfish) form a significant proportion of the fauna of the Griman Creek Formation. Crayfish bio-gastroliths are exceedingly rare in the fossil record but here form a remarkable supplementary record for crayfish, whose body and trace fossils are otherwise unknown from the Griman Creek Formation. The new specimens indicate that parastacid crayfish were widespread in eastern Australia by middle Cretaceous time, occupying a variety of freshwater ecosystems from the Australian–Antarctic rift valley in the south, to the near-coastal floodplains surrounding the epeiric Eromanga Sea further to the north.

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Falvey, D. A., P. A. Symonds, J. B. Colwell, J. B. Willcox, J. F. Marshall, P. E. Williamson, and H. M. J. Stagg. "AUSTRALIA'S DEEPWATER FRONTIER PETROLEUM BASINS AND PLAY TYPES." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89015.

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Vast areas of Australia's continental margin sedimentary basins lying seawards of the 200 m water depth line, or shelf edge, are under-explored for petroleum. Indeed, most are essentially unexplored. However, recent advances in drilling and production technology, as well as recent reconnaissance seismic, geochemical, geothermal and seabed sampling data collected by the Bureau of Mineral Resources' (BMR) Marine Division, may reduce the perceived economic risk of many of these deepwater basins relative to their shelf counterparts. Triassic reefs have been identified off the northern Exmouth Plateau and possibly in the deepwater Canning Basin, locally within a predicted oil window. In the deepwater North Perth Basin, major wrench structures have been identified. The deepwater areas of the Great Australian Bight and Otway Basin are actually the main depocentres of a major basin complex lying along the almost totally unexplored southern Australian continental margin. The Latrobe Group in the outer Gippsland Basin is likely to have similar geology to the well explored and productive shelf basin, but remains untested. The Queensland and Townsville troughs, in deepwater off northeast Australia, contain many significant structures typical of unbreached rift systems.All these areas have been risked relative to each other and their prospectivity assessed. The most attractive frontier areas in terms of relative risk may be the Otway and North Perth basins. The highest potential may occur in the deepwater rift troughs off northeast Australia, although the relative risk is very high. Triassic reefs of the Northwest Shelf may have the best prospectivity in the shorter term, given that they are known from drilling in a region with proven source potential and a substantial exploration infrastructure.

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J. Hobbs, Richard. "The wheatbelt of Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 1 (2003): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030009.

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DEVELOPMENT for broadscale wheat and sheep farming in Western Australia has produced a seemingly uniform landscape over much of the southwest of Western Australia. However, this area, commonly called the wheatbelt (Fig. 1), consists of at least four of the biogeographic regions designated on the basis of physical and biological measures (such as climate, geology, landform landuse, flora and fauna) in the Interim Biogeographic Regionalization of Australia (Thackway and Cresswell 1994). The four Interim Biogeographic Regionalization of Australia regions making up the wheatbelt are the Geraldton Sandplains, Avon Wheatbelt, Mallee and Esperance Plains, a total area of 24 766 406 ha.

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Dudicourt, Jean-Christophe, Didier Neraudeau, Philippe Nicolleau, Luc Ceulemans, and Frédéric Boutin. "An outstanding fauna of marsupiate echinoids in the Pliocene of Vendée (western France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.6.545.

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Abstract New investigations in the Pliocene deposits of Challans (Vendée) have allowed to collect more than 3000 marsupiate echinoids, remarkably preserved. So, apical systems, especially the marsupium of the breeding temnopleurids T. (V.) bigoti and C. bardini, have been described and figured for the first time with complete specimens. Two new marsupiate species have been described: Arbacina hugueti nov. sp., third marsupiate species of the genus Arbacina to be known in the Neogene of western France after A. emmae NÉRAUDEAU, 2003 from the Messinian of Brittany and A. pareyni ROMAN, 1983 from the Pliocene of Normandy; Tremaster romani, new species and genus of temnopleurid, characterised by an uncommon supra-ambital tuberculation, with excressences of the test surrounding scrobiculated tubercles. A third new marsupiate echinoid, Coptechinus sp. A, has been found too, but it is very difficult to know if it is a new species or a new morphotype of C. bardini. Contrarily to previous interpretations, this study points out the high diversity of western European Neogene marsupiate echinoids, a diversity comparable to the one of Australian Neogene marsupiate echinoids. However, breeding species from Australia and western Europe are clearly different and similarities exist between these two marsupiate echinofaunas at the family level only. Indeed, both in Australia and western Europe, the breeding species of echinoids mainly belong to the temnopleurid family, with the austral genus Paradoxechinus, on the one side, the north European genera Temnotrema and Coptechinus, on the other side. Moreover, the arbaciids consist of three marsupiate species of the genus Arbacina in Europe when no breeding species of this family exist in Australia. On the contrary, several breeding irregular echinoids have been found in the Australian Tertiary deposits (Spatangoids and Clypeasteroids) when not any marsupiate irregular echinoid has been discovered at present in the western Europe Neogene deposits.

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WARREN, A. A., R. DAMIANI, and A. M. YATES. "The South African stereospondyl Lydekkerina huxleyi (Tetrapoda, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Triassic of Australia." Geological Magazine 143, no. 6 (September 4, 2006): 877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756806002524.

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The first tetrapod fossil from the Rewan Formation of the Galilee Basin, central Queensland, Australia, is identified as Lydekkerina huxleyi, a stereospondyl found elsewhere only in the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. Apomorphies shared with L. huxleyi are: anterior palatal vacuity with anterodorsal projections from its posterior margin; ventral surface of skull roof with series of thickened ridges (condition unknown in other lydekkerinids); and vomerine shagreen present (possible autapomorphic reversal). Restudy of the only other Australian lydekkerinid, Chomatobatrachus halei, shows it to be distinct from L. huxleyi. The Rewan Formation, undifferentiated in the Galilee Basin, can be correlated with the Rewan Group of the Bowen Basin, and to the early part of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin, South Africa, which are of Griesbachian age. Varying palaeoenvironments may contribute to the contrasting nature of the Australian and South African faunas.

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TOPPER, TIMOTHY P., GLENN A. BROCK, CHRISTIAN B. SKOVSTED, and JOHN R. PATERSON. "Palaeoscolecid scleritome fragments with Hadimopanella plates from the early Cambrian of South Australia." Geological Magazine 147, no. 1 (June 16, 2009): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809990082.

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AbstractPhosphatized articulated palaeoscolecid scleritome fragments with attached Hadimopanella Gedik, 1977 plates are described from the lower Cambrian Mernmerna Formation of South Australia. Hadimopanella is principally known from single, isolated, button-shaped, phosphatic sclerites. The new articulated material from South Australia reveals for the first time the configuration of plates referable to Hadimopanella within the scleritome. The scleritome fragments represent the main trunk sections of the cuticle with anterior and posterior terminations lacking. Each annulus on the trunk is ornamented by rows of irregularly alternating Hadimopanella plates. The large majority of plates display a single, centrally located, conical node referable to the form species H. apicata Wrona, 1982. However, individual plates display considerable morphological variation with plates situated along the flattened trunk margin identical to the form species H. antarctica Wrona, 1987. The South Australian material displays the detailed scleritome configuration of cuticular plates and platelets and demonstrates irrefutably that plates of the form species H. apicata and H. antarctica occur as mineralized cuticular elements on the same palaeoscolecid scleritome.

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Dawes, P. R., and C. P. Swager. "Organisational bonus through staff rejuvenation: Greenland-Australia exchange." Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 172 (January 1, 1996): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v172.6736.

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This paper deals with an example of a short-term staff exchange (9 months) between Copenhagen and Perth, and the benefits gained, both on organisational and individual levels. The theme of this paper is mainly concerned with Precambrian geology, although the general premises discussed may equally apply to other geological fields.

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Ortega-Gutiérrez, Fernando, and J. Duncan Keppie. "Proterozoic Australia–Western United States (AUSWUS) fit between Laurentia and Australia: Comment and Reply." Geology 28, no. 9 (2000): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<863:pausaf>2.0.co;2.

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48

Burrett, Clive, and Ronald Berry. "Proterozoic Australia–Western United States (AUSWUS) fit between Laurentia and Australia: Comment and Reply." Geology 28, no. 9 (2000): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<864:pausaf>2.0.co;2.

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Corbett, David. "The Foundations of South Australian Geology : 1802-1860." Earth Sciences History 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.2.146u45l482734411.

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The Colony of South Australia was founded at a time when the science of geology was developing rapidly and increasing in popularity among all levels of society. Adelaide, the foundation city, had good reason to foster its 'sense of difference' from the other colonies in Australia, being largely isolated from them, but also, and more significantly, because it had been established by free settlers. Among these was a group of well-educated men concerned with geological matters - partly from necessity and the need to locate useful natural resources but equally, imbued with a well-developed sense of intellectual curiosity. The early observations were made by explorers, surveyors and interested laymen who applied their imported concepts and ideas in the new and unknown land. Their writings reflect the varied strands of current thought during this formative period in the history of geology and their investigations, though uncoordinated, provided a foundation upon which later workers were able to build as the century progressed.

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Groves, I. M., C. E. Carman, and W. J. Dunlap. "Geology of the Beltana Willemite Deposit, Flinders Ranges, South Australia." Economic Geology 98, no. 4 (June 1, 2003): 797–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.4.797.

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