Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geology and the Environment'
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Ching, Suzanne Sadler. "Acoustic Emission and Environmental Monitoring of Two Natural Granite Boulders| Semi-Arid vs. Temperate Environment." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10814489.
Full textThe role of insolation as an instigator for crack initiation in rock is still a continuously perplexing topic. An immense amount of data has been collected on the influence of insolation on cracking—however, ongoing questions arise regarding the role this process plays in physical weathering. A study conducted by Dr. Martha Cary Eppes (2016) focused on the role of insolation in the initiation of cracking on a granite boulder in a temperate climate (North Carolina, USA), where 11 months of continuously recorded acoustic emissions (AE) data were used as a proxy for cracking. When these data were compared with simultaneously collected climate and rock surface data, it was found that insolation is a preliminary and contributing factor of crack initiation. However, this comprehensive data set was only representative of one climate zone—therefore, it was necessary to evaluate this relationship in other climates to support these conclusions. The following is a comparative study involving a similar granite boulder placed for an unprecedented three-year period in a semi-arid climate (New Mexico, USA). Utilizing the instrumentation of the Eppes 2016 study, acoustic emission sensors, strain gages, thermocouples, moisture sensors, and a site-located scientific weather station were deployed and monitored. During the 3-year study, 303,912 AE events (avg. 101,304 per year) occurred over a total 14,853 individual minutes over 713 days. A total 212,856 events occurred between 12:58 p.m. and 9:04 p.m. accounting for 70% of the overall deployment period. Comparable to the results of the Eppes 2016 study, high-event days (≥ 50 events) accounted for 98% of total events. Both boulders experienced the majority of events in the northern hemisphere and eastern position of the rock and no trends were indicated concerning the timing of events with precipitation. The results of this study 1) support the hypotheses that diurnal insolation contributes to the initiation and continuation of physical rock weathering and cracking whether alone or combined with temperature variations, and 2) suggest that this is characteristic of variable global locations, climates, and rock types.
Trowbridge, Caroline W. "'Hammer in hand' : the geology of John Ruskin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273447.
Full textFarr, Leonard Carl Jr. "Stratigraphy, diagenesis, and depositional environment of the Cowlitz Formation (Eocene), northwest Oregon." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3905.
Full textRader, Dennis Lawrence 1959. "The depositional environment of the Permian Scherrer Formation in southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558045.
Full textChristy, Andrew Gregor. "The structure and stability of sapphirine in relation to its metamorphic environment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278298.
Full textSeaman, Paul Gordon. "Ikaite formation in a fjord environment with special reference to Ikka Fjord." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287953.
Full textGrimes, Stephen Whiteford. "The Grenville orogeny in West Texas : structure, kinematics, metamorphism and depositional environment of the Carrizo Mountain Group /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textVita. Three folded plates in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 359-371). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
Stiles, Lauren J. "Magnetic Susceptibility in Soils in Baton Rouge, Louisiana| Potential for Anthropogenic Impact on the Environment." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1557578.
Full textMagnetic susceptibility has been used as an effective tool for affordable, rapid, and highly sensitive measurements that provide information about the compositional changes of mineral materials in rocks and soils. It has been demonstrated that a relationship between heavy metal concentrations, pollution, and magnetic susceptibility exists. The objective of this study is to use magnetic susceptibility as a method for the detection of the anthropogenic impact on the environment within Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Based on preliminary results from a previous study, we investigated a 100 square mile area, covering a variety of environmental settings, including urban areas and industrialized parts of the inner city. At each site, 20 magnetic susceptibility readings were taken and discrete surface and subsurface samples were collected for subsequent laboratory analysis.
Contour maps and histograms of magnetic susceptibility values indicate a close correlation between environmental setting and the intensity of magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic susceptibly increases within urban and industrialized areas compared to rural areas within the area of investigation. Enhanced susceptibility was observed in the industrialized areas in all magnetic parameters, including susceptibility maps of field measurements, discrete samples, and isothermal remanent magnetization. The field susceptibility data display a stronger correlation compared to the discrete sample analysis because of the statistically significant amount of data collected at each site. There is no apparent correlation between magnetic susceptibility and lithology/soil type in this area. Acquisition curves of the isothermal remnant magnetization indicate the presence of both high- and low coercivity minerals, probably magnetite with a small amount of hematite or goethite as the carriers of magnetic remanence.
Conley, Jennifer Lee. "Terrestrial Resonance: Exploring Earth Through Dance." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/257420.
Full textPh.D.
The geologic theory of plate tectonics, sometimes referred to as "the dance of the continents," proposes a vision of Earth as dynamic body in motion that is constantly shifting and altering its form. Geophysical research during the 1950s and 1960s, especially in relation to Harry Hess's seafloor spreading hypothesis, Fred Vine and D. H. Matthews' geomagnetic reversal hypothesis, and J. Tuzo Wilson's classification of new faults in Earth's crust, established enough scientific evidence to suggest a viable model of this dance of the continents. This led to the geoscientific community widely accepting the theory of plate tectonics by the end of the 1960s. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how the idea of Earth as a dynamic body in motion can be connected to the experience of one's own body in motion and in movement practice. Emerging from my work as an artist and an educator, this research analyzes the creative processes and the phenomenological essences of two geologically inspired dances, and develops a pedagogical application of geosomatic movement practices in an undergraduate course entitled Dancing Earth, Dancing Body. I use a phenomenological method of analysis informed by Max van Manen and Clark Moustakas to examine what it means to embody terrestrial forces, entities, and landscapes, and how geologic structures and scientific ideas can be translated into anthropomorphic movement. In chapter 4, "Sediments of Meaning: Phenomenological Analysis of Pieces of Pele," I devise a theoretical structure for critical reflection upon and development of the choreographer's creativity, which I call a meta-choreographic process. This essentially hermeneutic method of reflection allows choreographers to more deeply understand their creative process and aesthetic criteria, and how they construct meaning through movement. The analysis in chapter 5, "Continental Shift: Phenomenological Analysis of Tectonic Suite," illuminates the profound role of metaphor in both the creative process and the viewing experience in relation to this particular dance from my GeoDance repertoire. Using the framework of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's analysis in Metaphors We Live By, I demonstrate how dance can function to create coherent metaphors. In chapter 6, "Dancing Earth, Dancing Body: Experiential Learning of Geologic Concepts," I use an ethnographic framework to examine student perspectives of Dancing Earth, Dancing Body. This analysis reveals that, as the instructor of the course, I fostered, and students applied, three distinct modes of creative inquiry in the classroom: imagistic, language-based, and collaborative. Embedded within these three modes of creative inquiry were a variety of somatic experiences and refocused dance-based exercises that amounted to a technique of sorts, with the specific goal of awakening and fostering the development of our body-mind-environment connection. I theorize this collection of experiences and exercises as a geosomatic movement practice. Illuminated throughout this dissertation are key sources from the fields of dance, geology, somatics, ecology, phenomenology, eco-phenomenology, and ethnography--evincing the interdisciplinary nature of this study. At the heart of this interdisciplinary inquiry lies a fundamental awareness that our experience of our bodies is integrated with our experience of atmosphere, terrain, and gravitation. Therefore, by deepening our understanding of how we can cope with these physical aspects of our environment, we can deepen our understanding of Earth and its processes.
Temple University--Theses
Cashman, Amanda L. "Depositional environment analysis of the Pennslyvanian, mid-continent Tonkawa sandstone." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11997.
Full textDepartment of Geology
Allen W. Archer
Hydrocarbon production throughout the continental United States has declined in past decades. New interpretations together with advanced recovery techniques can increase production in older fields. Re-examining these types of underdeveloped resources is a simple and cost effective tool that can be readily used to increase hydrocarbon production throughout the mid-continent. Pennsylvanian sandstones throughout Oklahoma and Kansas are known for their excellent reservoir qualities. The focus of this study is the upper Pennsylvanian Tonkawa Formation, a sandstone dominated unit. The Tonkawa has been informally correlated to both the Stalnaker and Tonganoxie sandstones in Kansas. Previous publications do not present a unified understanding of the depositional environments that are seen across state borders. The interpretations vary from fluvio-deltaic to marine environments. A cohesive interpretation is necessary to understand paleo-processes and efficiently exploit the reservoir for hydrocarbons. The study presents a regional analysis covering an eleven county area in northwest Oklahoma. Analysis of core and well log data is used to determine the range of depositional environments of the Tonkawa sandstone. Sedimentary structures, mineral assemblages, and lithologies of selected cores are described and correlated with well log data. With this data, structural isopach maps are constructed using Petra software. Earlier interpretations have relied primarily on well log data, focusing on core data rather than geophysical logs, allowing for a more detailed and accurate interpretation. Analysis of transitional sedimentary sequences, such as the Tonkawa, can be applied to sandstones deposited in similar environments throughout the mid-continent.
Souza, Ariadne Marra de. "Caracterização ambiental da bacia hidrogáfica do Rio São Domingos a partir da análise geoquímica e isotópica Pb/Pb." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2654.
Full textA bacia hidrográfica do rio São Domingos constitui uma das sub-bacias do rio Muriaé pertencente ao sistema Paraíba do Sul e, tem seus limites coincidentes com os limites do município de São José de Ubá, sendo este o segundo maior produtor de tomate do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com sua principal fonte econômica baseada na agropecuária. Este tipo de atividade resulta em utilização de produtos químicos nas lavouras e juntamente a ocupação inadequada resulta em modificação das paisagens e da mata nativa, resultando em diversos tipos de impactos no ambiente. Neste estudo foram abordados os impactos relacionados a concentração de metais e sua proveniência através das assinaturas isotópicas Pb/Pb, utilizando para tal o procedimento analítico de lixiviação dos sedimentos de corrente e abertura total de rochas para a obtenção de razões isotópicas e concentrações de metais por ICP-MS. Os resultados mostraram que as contribuições nos sedimentos de corrente se dão a partir de cinco fontes compreendidos no intervalo de assinatura isotópica 206Pb/207Pb 1,1229 e 1,1949, representadas em intervalos bem definidos. Por correlação com as respectivas concentrações se observa que, preferencialmente, existe maior influência das rochas do embasamento, seguido de atividade antrópicas como a urbanização e disposição de lixo doméstico. As maiores concentrações estão associadas ao cobre, chumbo, estrôncio, níquel e zinco. Contudo todas as concentrações de metais obtidas se encontram abaixo da legislação vigente. Desta forma a contaminação antrópica é limitada a regiões de maior densidade populacional e as influências naturais predominam na área da bacia.
The São Domingos river basin is a sub-basin of the river Muriaé belonging to the Paraíba do Sul system, than his boundary are coincide with the limits of São Jose de Ubá County the second largest tomato producer in the Rio de Janeiro state, with its main financial activity based on the agricultural economy. This kind of activity results in a use of chemicals on crops and modification of the landscape and native vegetation, resulting in various types of environmental impacts. In this paper was study the impacts related to concentration of metals and their provenance by Pb/Pb isotopic signatures, using to analyze procedure the rocks sample digest and leaching of stream sediments to obtained metal concentration and isotope ratios by ICP-MS. The results showed that concentrations on stream sediments have five different sources identifiable from five intervals isotopic signature 206Pb/207Pb 1.1229 to 1.1949 clearly defined. By this correlation with owner respective concentration it is observed than, preferentially, the basement rocks are the main influence in the basin stream and in second place come the mixtures of products of activities anthropogenic, mainly urbanization and sewage disposal. The biggest metals concentrations are cupper, lead, strontium, nickel and zinc. However all of metals concentrations are below actual legislation. That way the anthropic contamination it is located in areas with more intensity occupation and the natural sources predomination on the basin.
Alshahrani, Saeed S. "DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT, HISTORY, DIAGENESIS, AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE CLEVELAND SHALE MEMBER, NORTHEASTERN OHIO." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1383572352.
Full textRunds, Megan Jean. "Sedimentology and depositional environment of a marine target, Southern Namibia: 3D stratigraphic architecture and diamond mineralisation potential." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28120.
Full textCrawford, Brian Ronald. "An experimental rock mechanics investigation into shear discontinuities and their influence in the hydrocarbon reservoir environment." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/753.
Full textSpencer, Christopher David. "The holocene evolution of Romney Marsh : a record of sea-level change in a back-barrier environment." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364116.
Full textTomin, Marissa. "Hydroclimatic study of Plio-Pleistocene aquatic sites in Meade County, Kansas." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1596743720058214.
Full textRieske, David Eyring. "The depositional environment, provenance and volcanic history of the Paleocene strata of the James Ross Island Basin, Antarctica." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407506102.
Full textHobson, Chad. "Exploring tungsten in the environment: geochemical study of an emerging contaminant." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16991.
Full textDepartment of Geology
Saugata Datta
Tungsten (W) has become an element of greater concern in recent years. Investigations by the Centers for Disease Control implicated W as a possible link to several cases of childhood acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) clusters in the western United States. In Fallon NV, 17 cases of ALL were reported from 1997-2001. Previously, it was difficult to attain knowledge about the geochemical behavior of W due to low concentrations and difficulties in detection in natural environments. Modern analytical techniques allow for a greater range of sensitivity, allowing for in depth W analysis. Elucidating information on the factors contributing to the fate and transport of W in low temperature environments will provide insight into how W moves through the environment and provide information to help mitigate W contamination in the future. Three sites were chosen for comparison of W concentration and how that may be linked to local geochemical factors. Fallon NV, Sierra Vista AZ, and Cheyenne Bottoms Refuge KS were chosen based on published literature and personal communications. The objectives for this study were to characterize W concentrations in these three climatologically distinct areas followed by using methods to speciate and semi-quantitatively characterize W phase association within the surficial sediments and using synchrotron X-Ray methods to define W valencies and elemental associations within the sediments. Tungsten occurs in varying concentrations in the study areas, from 17.8 mg/kg to ~25,907 mg/kg. Fallon has the highest average W concentration of the three sites as well as the highest amount of W associated with phases other than the organic matter or residual phase. Speciation of soluble W revealed no polytungstates, however tungstates are present in the samples as well as undefined W species, suggesting there are other forms of W that are readily soluble in water, hence bioavailable. Tungsten has a very heterogeneous distribution in sediments, creating dispersed but highly concentrated clumps of W hotspots. Spot analyses under X-Ray mapping reveal W may co-localize with other metals such as Ti, Co, and Zn.
Deline, Bradley. "The Effects of Scale, Community Structure, and Environment on Ordovician through Early Silurian Laurentian Crinoid Disparity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258392774.
Full textRoth, Mark M. Jr. "Depositional Environment of the Carbonate Cap Rock at the Pine Prairie Field, Evangeline Parish, Louisiana| Implications of Salt Diapirism on Cook Mountain Reservoir Genesis." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10685670.
Full textThe Pine Prairie Field is situated on a salt dome in northern Evangeline Parish, located in south-central Louisiana. Pine Prairie contains the only known Cook Mountain Formation hydrocarbon reservoir in Louisiana. Operators have targeted and produced hydrocarbons from the Cook Mountain reservoir in eight wells at the Pine Prairie Field. The source and origin of the Cook Mountain’s reservoir properties are unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the origin of the Cook Mountain Formation’s reservoir properties by identifying the processes associated with the formation of a Cook Mountain Reservoir. There are two carbonate outcrops at the surface expression of the Pine Prairie Dome. Samples were taken and thin sections made to determine the relationship, if any, to the Cook Mountain Formation. Thin section analysis of the carbonate outcrop was used to gain a better understanding of the depositional setting present at Pine Prairie Field. Well log, seismic, and production data were integrated to determine that, in all instances, commercial Cook Mountain production is associated with fault zones. The passage of acidic, diagenetic fluids through Cook Mountain fault zones generated areas of vuggy porosity proximal to Cook Mountain faulting. Further, fluctuations in short-term pressure gradients associated with salt diapirism resulted in the vertical migration of hydrocarbons via fault zones. In the Pine Prairie Field, fault seal breakdown occurs in Sparta and Wilcox Reservoirs, subsequently charging the Cook Mountain fault zone. Early hydrocarbon charge from the underlying Wilcox and Sparta Reservoirs prevented additional diagenesis, preserving secondary porosity in areas of Cook Mountain faulting.
Warwick, Phillip Edward. "The determination of pure beta-emitters and their behaviour in a salt-marsh environment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42175/.
Full textMloszewski, Aleksandra. "Environmental and microstructural controls of short-term shell degradation in temperate, macrotidal environments." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40807.
Full textL’état de préservation des coquilles d’organismes marins dépend directement des conditions environnementales dans lesquelles elles se dégradent. Cette étude a pour but de déterminer les conditions de dégradation progressive de coquillages (Mytilus edulis) et de cristaux abiotiques d’aragonite déployés à l’interface eau-sédiment ainsi qu’enfouis (à 10-20 cm) durant treize mois, dans les zones haute et moyenne d’un marais salant, une plage et une crique de la Baie de Fundy (NB, Canada). Les changements macroscopiques, microscopiques et de masse sont discutés relativement aux conditions environnementales. Nos résultats montrent que: 1) la dégradation et les processus agissent très tôt après la déposition, et produisent des changement d’état significatifs en deçà de 13 mois post-mortem. 2) Dans les environments ci-dessus, la mue des tablettes de nacre de la surface de la coquille est le processus le plus efficace, suivi par la bioérosion, et la macération. 3) La dissolution joue un rôle secondaire durant la dégradation précoce des coquillages.
Kraatz, Lindsey M. "Acoustic and sedimentological investigations of seabed conditions and related bio-geological parameters in a tidally energetic, fine-grained environment: York River Estuary, Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616722.
Full textBauer, Jeffrey A. "Conodont biostratigraphy, correlation, and depositional environments of middle Ordovician rocks in Oklahoma /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487330761218842.
Full textTerhorst, Andrew. "The seafloor environment off Simon's Town in False Bay revealed by side-scan sonar, bottom sampling, diver observations and underwater photography." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23808.
Full textTortorello, Rebecca Diane. "Application of Uranium Isotopes as a Temporal and Spatial Tracer of Nuclear Contamination in the Environment." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354977526.
Full textLyons, Timothy Williams 1957. "Stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Colina limestone (lower Permian), southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558115.
Full textBanjade, Bharat. "Subsurface Facies Aanalysis of the Cambrian Conasauga Formation and Kerbel Formation in East - Central Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1322525944.
Full textRussell, Nicola. "Marine radiocarbon reservoir effects (MRE) in archaeology : temporal and spatial changes through the Holocene within the UK coastal environment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2941/.
Full textvan, Blarcum Ronald A. "Anthropogenic Impacts as Revealed from Sediment Cores from Punderson Lake Ohio." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1448536586.
Full textHenry, Amber Dawn. "Fracture reactivation and gold mineralization in the epithermal environment : structural evolution of the Endeavour 42 gold deposit, New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1192.
Full textGiles, David. "Computer-based modelling and analysis in engineering geology." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computerbased-modelling-and-analysis-in-engineering-geology(091c5104-4dbb-4e90-b897-aaf34702100a).html.
Full textLissard, Ben J. "Field Observations of Soil-Water Tension throughout a Capillary Fringe in New Iberia, Louisiana." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622511.
Full textThe need for an expedient and economical field method for identifying the upper boundary of the capillary fringe (CF) led to an investigation of the clay-rich surficial units of two sites in New Iberia, Louisiana. Tension-sensing instruments capable of indirectly measuring water content were installed to monitor changing subsurface conditions throughout the vadose zone in response to water table fluctuation and rainfall. Tension measurements of 10 kPa and 33 kPa, correlated with the agricultural concept of field capacity by previous studies, functioned as indicators of two possible upper capillary fringe surfaces. Interpreted tension boundaries were plotted at depth to outline temporal changes in capillary fringe thicknesses, which ranged from approximately 1–5 ft depending on rainfall rates.
A comparison of gravimetric water content profiles with interpreted tension boundaries suggested that CF thickness was heavily influenced by the presence and composition of surficial fill, root systems, and the depth of the shallow water table. Collected tension and water content measurements were plotted as water retention points onto a series of estimated soil water retention curves (SWRCs). The hysteretic nature of soil-water retention relationships of the clay-rich media, evidenced by several examples of near equivalent water contents corresponding to vastly different tension measurements, and vice versa, illustrated the potential errors in basing capillary fringe thickness solely on tension measurements. While tension measurements did prove useful in recording variable conditions in the vadose zone, further research into accounting for hysteresis is required before tension boundaries can be employed in capillary fringe surface identification.
Shah, Mihir P. "Evaluating Depositional Complexity and Compartmentalization of the Rose Run Sandstone (Upper Cambrian) in Eastern Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1383571840.
Full textElhelou, Othman. "Magnetic Susceptibility Mapping of Fly Ash in Soil Samples Near a Coal-Burning Power Plant in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1592981.
Full textMagnetic susceptibility is a property that can be used to effectively determine the compositional changes of mineral materials in soil. The objective of this study is to detect the presence of magnetic particles related to the migration of fly ash from a nearby coal-burning power plant over parts of Pointe Coupee Parish, LA. This is based on the idea that the fly ash that is released into the atmosphere during the coal burning process contains heavy metals and magnetic particles in the form of ferrospheres, which can be used to trace back to the source. Maps of the top and sub soil were generated to differentiate the magnetic susceptibility values of the heavy metals potentially attributed to the migration and settling of fly ash onto the surface from any pre-existing or naturally occurring heavy metals in the sub soil. A 60 km2 area in Pointe Coupee Parish was investigated in approximately 0.5 km2 subsets.
At each site, a minimum of 20 magnetic susceptibility measurements were obtained using a field probe along with discrete surface and subsurface samples collected for subsequent laboratory analysis. Samples of fly ash obtained directly from the source were also analyzed to verify the field and laboratory analysis. Contour maps representing the spatial distribution of the fly ash along with histograms of magnetic susceptibility values, reflective light microscope, and chemical analysis indicate a correlation between the proximity to the power plant and the predominant wind direction. Acquisition curves of the isothermal remanent magnetization demonstrate the presence of predominantly low coercivity minerals (magnetite) with a small amount of a high-coercivity phase. The microstructure of the magnetic fractions of the fly ash along with select top and sub soil samples were observed using a reflective light microscope for identifying and confirming the presence of ferrospheres associated with fly ash.
Hurtado, Heather Ann. "Naturally Occurring Background Levels of Arsenic in the Soils of Southwestern Oregon." Thesis, Portland State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10134261.
Full textThis study examines the natural background concentrations of arsenic in the soils of southwest Oregon, using new samples in addition to data collected from previous theses (Khandoker, 1997 and Douglas, 1999). The original 213 samples were run by ICP-AES with a reporting limit of 20 ppm, and only three samples had detected values. The original samples were tested again (2013) at a lower reporting limit of 0.2 ppm by ICP-MS, as were 42 new samples (2013), to better ascertain the natural levels of arsenic in undisturbed soils. The aim is to add to the existing DEQ data set, which has been used to establish new regulatory levels based on natural levels in the environment that are both safer and more economically viable than the former risk-based remediation levels (DEQ, 2013).
The maximum and mean concentrations, respectively, for each province (with high formation map unit) are 85.4 and 21.99 ppm for South Willamette Valley (Tfee), 45.4 and 5.42 ppm for the Klamath Mountains (Jub), 11.9 and 2.76 ppm for the Cascade Range (Tbaa), 10.6 and 5.15 ppm for the Coast Range (Ty), 2.32 and 1.29 ppm for the Basin and Range (Qba) and 1.5 and 1.20 ppm for the High Lava Plains (Tmv).
In addition, the distribution and variance of arsenic in the A and B soil horizons is assessed in this study by comparing deviation at a single site, and also by comparing A and B horizons of 119 PSU sites. One of 18 new sites sampled for this study (distinguished with the HH prefix), site HH11, was randomly chosen to evaluate differences at a single location. Site HH11 is an Inceptisol soil above volcanic rock (KJdv map unit) located at 275 meters elevation in Douglas County within the Klamath province. Five samples were taken from the A and from the B horizons at site HH11. The means and standard deviations were 3.74 ± 0.44 for the A horizon and 4.53 ± 0.39 for the B horizon. The consistency and low deviation within each horizon indicate that a single sample within a horizon is a good representative of that horizon and supports the field methodology used in this study of taking only one sample in the A horizon and one sample in the B horizon.
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test determined that A and B horizons for the 119 sites that had data for both the A and B horizons were not statistically different (p-value 0.76). Arsenic concentration is not associated with a particular horizon for these sites. However, differentiation between soil horizons increases with age (Birkeland, 1999), as does accumulation of the iron oxides and sulfide minerals on clay surfaces (McLaren et al., 2006) which concentrate in the B horizon. These associations warrant further study to see how they relate to arsenic level, soil development and age in Oregon soils.
Lastly, this study statistically examines six potentially important environmental predictors of naturally occurring arsenic in southwestern Oregon: site elevation, geomorphic province, mapped rock type and age, and sample soil order and color (redness). A Classification and Regression Tree Model (CART) determined soil order, elevation and rock type to be of significant importance in determining arsenic concentrations in the natural environment. According to the regression tree, arsenic concentrations are greater within Alfisol and Ultisol/Alfisol and Vertisol soil orders, at lower elevations below 1,207 meters, and within soils from sedimentary, mixed volcanic/sedimentary and unconsolidated rock types.
Fryer, Rosemarie. "Quantification of the Bed-Scale Architecture of Submarine Depositional Environments and Application to Lobe Deposits of the Point Loma Formation, California." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10844938.
Full textSubmarine-fan deposits form the largest sediment accumulations on Earth and host significant reservoirs for hydrocarbons. While many studies of ancient fan deposits qualitatively describe lateral architectural variability (e.g., axis-to-fringe, proximal-to-distal), these relationships are rarely quantified. In order to enable comparison of key relationships that control the lateral architecture of submarine depositional environments, I digitized published bed-scale outcrop correlation panels from five different environments (channel, levee, lobe, channel-lobe-transition-zone, basin plain). Measured architectural parameters (bed thickness, bed thinning rates, lateral correlation distance, net-to-gross) provide a quantitative framework to compare facies architecture between environments. The results show that sandstone and/or mudstone bed thickness alone or net-to-gross do not reliably differentiate between environments. However, environments are distinguishable using a combination of thinning rate, bed thickness, and correlation distance. For example, channel deposits generally display thicker sandstone beds than mudstone beds whereas levees display the opposite trend. Lobe deposits display the most variability in all parameters, and thus would be the most difficult to identify in the subsurface. I sub-classified lobe deposits to provide a more detailed analysis into unconfined, semiconfined and confined settings. However, the results for semiconfined lobes indicate that the degree of lobe confinement and subenvironment is not easily interpretable at the outcrop scale. This uncertainty could be partially caused by subjectivity of qualitative interpretations of environment, which demonstrates the need for more quantitative studies of bed-scale heterogeneity. These results can be used to constrain forward stratigraphic models and reservoir models of submarine lobe deposits as well as other submarine depositional environments.
This work is paired with a case study to refine the depositional environment of submarine lobe strata of the Upper Cretaceous Point Loma Formation at Cabrillo National Monument near San Diego, California. These fine-grained turbidites have been interpreted as distal submarine lobe deposits. The strike-oriented, laterally-extensive exposure offers a rare opportunity to observe bed-scale architecture and facies changes in turbidites over 1 km lateral distance. Beds show subtle compensation, likely related to evolving seafloor topography, while lobe elements show drastic compensation. This indicates more hierarchical method of compensational stacking as the degree of bed compensation is small compared to the degree of element compensation. Thinning rates and bed thicknesses are not statistically different between lobe elements. This signifies that the lateral exposure is necessary to distinguish lobe elements and it would be extremely difficult to accurately interpret elements in the subsurface using 1D data (e.g., core). The grain size, mudstone to sandstone bed thicknesses, element/bed compensation, and lack of erosion observed in the Cabrillo National Monument exposures of the Point Loma Formation are most similar to values of semiconfined lobe deposits; hence, I reinterpret that these exposures occupy a more medial position, perhaps with some degree of confinement.
Hango, Jennifer Susan 1974. "Further development of subsurface profiling and engineering geology software." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51559.
Full textEvans, James Erwin. "Depositional environments, basin evolution and tectonic significance of the Eocene Chumstick Formation, Cascade Range, Washington /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6736.
Full textHarker, Evelyn Ruth. "Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water Using Thermally Recycled Palygorskite-Montmorillonite Clay." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1516187161463351.
Full textSipola, Maija Eliina. "Formation of the Ngandong paleoanthropological site and Solo River terrace sequence, Central Java, Indonesia." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6286.
Full textBerggren, Ann-Marie. "Influence of solar activity and environment on 10Be in recent natural archives." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-103031.
Full textAlmayahi, Ali Z. "SHEAR-WAVE IMAGING AND BIREFRINGENCE IN A COMPLEX NEAR-SURFACE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/12.
Full textBecker, Sherry. "Depositional environments, provenance and sequence stratigraphy of the type Sassenach Formation, Jasper, Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ44081.pdf.
Full textMetcalfe, Sarah Elizabeth. "Late Quaternary environments of central Mexico : a diatom record." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ce7f888-5827-499a-9886-0a86c95b1885.
Full textNewell, Andrew John. "Sedimentological controls on vertebrate taphonomy in Triassic fluvial environments." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317467.
Full textButcher, Geoffrey David Hamilton. "The magnetic fabric and depositional environments of loess deposits." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303506.
Full textStutz, James Edward II. "Reconstruction of LGM and Post LGM Glacial Environment of McMurdo Sound: Implications for Ice Dynamics, Depositional Systems and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324595182.
Full textChapman, Taylor W. "Evaluating the delta13C Value of n-Alkanes as a Recorder of Atmospheric Chemistry." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10286476.
Full textChanges in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) affect global climate. Accurate determination of paleo-pCO2 can therefore provide information on the response of climate to changing pCO2. Such pCO2 proxies have been developed from a variety of terrestrial (e.g., plant stomata, paleosol carbonate, and liverworts) and marine (e.g., alkenones and boron) substrates. However, these proxies show a wide range of values and uncertainty throughout the Cenozoic and especially for the early Paleogene (53-63 mya). Here, I demonstrate the use of the carbon isotope composition of n-alkanes extracted from C3 plant waxes as an accurate recorder of changes in atmospheric chemistry. My results show that the uncertainty and range of pCO2 estimates determined using this new proxy are similar to other proxies. Because n-alkanes are abundant, chemically resistant, and not subject to degradation, this proxy represents an excellent opportunity to reconstruct pCO2 across the last 400 Myr of Earth history. By examining across 4 different chain lengths (n-27, n-29, n- 31, and n-33), I find that only n-29 and n-31 show clear changes in carbon isotope discrimination in response to changes pCO2, whereas chain-lengths n-27 and n-31 did not show any significant response. Using chain lengths n-29 and n-31, I calculate early Paleogene pCO2 = 566 ? 190 and 469 ? 165 ppmv (median ? 1?), respectively. These results demonstrate that n-alkanes can serve as a potential pCO2 proxy across geologic timescales.
Groat, Lucas Matthew. "The Physical Hydrogeology of the Broader Historical Irwin Prairie Wetland System." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470251155.
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