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Tolman, Aja B. "Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4989.
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The Geological Survey of India (GSI) was a government institution that was created to map the geography and mineral resources of colonial India. British geologists Thomas Oldham and Valentine Ball used the GSI in order to affect policy changes regarding museum ownership, environmental conservation, and railroad construction. All of these policies were intended to impose order on the landscape and streamline the resource extraction process. Their goal was to enrich the British Empire. An Indian geologist named Pramatha Nath Bose, who also worked for the GSI for a time, also worked to enact policy changes regarding education and production. But instead of trying to make the British Empire stronger, he wanted to push it out of India. He left the GSI since he found it too restrictive, and, together with other Indians, restructured geological education at the university level and set up a successful steel manufacturing mill. Both the British geologists and Bose helped lay the economic foundation of India's independence. The GSI gave geologists power in some situations, but in others it restricted the advancement of the field.
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Wyatt, John Frederick. "Wordsworth and the geologists : a correlation of influences." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316528.
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Mortenson, Terence J. "British scriptural geologists in the first half of the nineteenth century." Thesis, Coventry University, 1996. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/c2ca3d9b-4617-006a-3cba-cba9e86062f0/1.
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During the first half of the nineteenth century (particularly 1820-1845) in Britain a number of laymen and clergymen tenaciously fought against new geological theories. These men became known as the "Scriptural geologists." They held the traditional Christian view that Genesis provided a realiable, historical account of the creation of the universe and the early history of the earth. In particular, they believed that the Noachian deluge was a unique global catastrophe, which produced most of the geological record, and that the earth was roughly 6,000 years old. From this position they responded with equal vigour to the old-earth theories of the uniformitarian and the catastrophist geologists. They also rejected, as misinterpretations of Scripture, the "gap theory", the "day-age theory", the "tranquil flood theory" and the "local flood theory." These writers have received limited scholarly analysis. Gillispie, Millhauser and Yule have given them some attention and are the historians regularly cited by others. Much current research addresses the issue of religion and science in the nineteenth century but none has focused on the Scriptural geologists. They deserve more study because they were "an important irritant and a serious disturbing factor in the scientific geologists' campaign to establish and maintain their own public image as a source of reliable and authoritative knowledge" (Martin Rudwick, 'The Greate Devonian Controversy', 1985, p.43). Also, this thesis demonstrates that they have been seriously misrepresented both by many of the contemporaries and by nearly all later hisotrians. By way of introduction, a brief analysis is given of 1) the intellectual, religious and cultural background leading up the nineteenth century, 2) the history of the interpretation of fossils, sedimentary rocks, and the Genesis account of creation and the flood, 3) a description of the nineteenth century milieu and 4) what constituted geological competence in the early nineteenth century. The central portion of the thesis analyzes the Biblical and geological arguments presented by thirteen representative Scriptural geologists. In the final section, generalizations and conclusions are made about the Scriptural geologists as a group and the nature of the debate with those they opposed.
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Martínez-Rius, Beatriz. "Making the Seafloor. French Geologists, Marine Resources, and New Deep Territories (1945-1975)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS284.
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Au début des années 1960, le sous-sol océanique est devenu un nouveau territoire dont l'image a été façonnée par des imaginaires sur l'abondance de ressources naturelles, prêts à découvrir et à exploiter. L'industrie pétrolière est devenue un mécène pour la géologie marine, tandis que les gouvernements se sont empressés de réclamer la souveraineté sur les régions sous-marines à partir de leurs données géophysiques. Cette thèse étudie le rapport entre le patronage étatique et la production de connaissances sur le sous-sol marin, en s'interrogeant sur la construction du sous-sol marin en tant que territoire en relation aux inquiétudes et priorités découlant du contexte de la décolonisation. La thèse met le focus sur l'industrie pétrolière française et les politiques qui ont promu l'exploitation des ressources marines, en étudiant l'articulation entre les géosciences marines, les mécanismes institutionnels et motivations commerciales qui les ont promus. La thèse indique que ces connections ont été tissées par un réseau d'acteurs connectant des élites politiques, industries extractives et laboratoires scientifiques, créant des interactions académiques-industrielles pour explorer le sous-sol marin dans lesquelles le secret commercial s'est dissous. La thèse montre l'existence d'un continuum de pratiques, infrastructures et acteurs impliqués initialement dans l'exploitation pétrolière dans les colonies françaises et qui considéraient les fonds marins dans leur quête de nouveaux terrains de production. Dans ce contexte, les connaissances géologiques du sous-sol marin sont devenues un atout crucial pour le gouvernement français, qui pouvait les mobiliser pour négocier des relations internationales et renforcer son prestige national. Cette recherche montre que les motivations économiques pour explorer le sous-sol marin et le mécénat de l'industrie pétrolière ne doivent pas être négligés dans notre compréhension de l'histoire des océansEarly in the 1960s, the seafloor began to emerge as a new territory, over which imaginaries of limitless natural resources, to be explored and exploited, were projected. The oil industry became a patron for marine geosciences, whereas coastal governments hastened to ground in geophysical data their sovereign claims over underwater regions. This thesis inquiries through which mechanisms the patrons’ motivations to explore the seafloor drove the production of knowledge about it; while it explores how the seafloor emerged as a territory, shaped by concerns and priorities deriving from decolonization. Focusing on France’s oil industry and political stances interested in exploiting marine resources, I analyze the institutional and social mechanisms through which commercial motivations were articulated with marine geosciences. A singular network, weaved by a political elite, grew connecting government instances, extractive industries, and scientific laboratories, creating academic-industrial interplays to explore the seafloor in which trade secrecy dissolved. This research suggests a continuum in practices, infrastructures, and state actors from the decolonization of France’s oil-producing territories to the seafloor, in the quest for new productive grounds. In this context, geological knowledge from the seafloor increasingly became a crucial asset for the French government, which could mobilize it to negotiate international relations and foster national prestige. This thesis conveys that economic motivations to explore the seafloor and the oil industry’s patronage shall not be overlooked in our understanding of the oceans’ history
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Coombes, Jacqueline. "Practice based competency development: a study of resource geologists and the JORC code system." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/610.
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The mining industry is a major contributor to the Australian economy. The value of mining and exploration shares traded on the Australian Stock Exchange are contingent on the estimates of mineral deposits, which are disclosed publically in accordance with a reporting code maintained by the Australasian Joint Ore Reserves Committee (the JORC Code). Expert resource geologists, known as Competent Persons, provide classified estimates of mineral endowment that underpin these public statements. The JORC Code requirements for qualifying as Competent Persons are membership of an approved professional association and a minimum of five years’ relevant experience. This research set out to address a primarily practical issue: How do the mining industry, mining companies and individuals cooperate to develop resource geologists with sufficient competency to provide expert recommendations for public reporting of mineral resources? A corollary to this is ‘Are the current standards sufficient to identify the competency expectations placed on Competent Persons?’ It is challenging to place the subsequent research in any one discipline as the study draws on multiple theories across multiple domains to facilitate a relevant description of the practicebased competency development. To properly understand the the practice of resource geologists operating in a sub-sector within the JORC Code system, the research needed to explore and consolidate diverse theories such as theories on social structures, workplace learning theories and statistical reasoning education theories. In addition, as a mixed methods study, the research draws on a wide range of tools from qualitative iterative coding and theming techniques to the more rigorous statistical tools of t-tests, paired t-tests, ANOVA and the philosophically different Rasch Analysis method. This study reflects a broad curiosity in diverse concepts and theories that is combined with the researcher’s desire to provide a meaningful practical contribution to the mining industry. The practical outcome of this research is a revised set of criteria to meet Competent Persons status under the JORC Code that is supported by a competency development model. These models are generalised to reflect a revised competency model, based on the dual expectations of practice exposure and reasoning ability, and an associated competency development model, which synthesises contributions of workplace learning experiences. The contributions to the theory include a revised theory of workplace learning networks emerging from the practice context of transient professional workers. These networks are enduring, transient and egocentric and operate beyond organisational confines.
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Hocken, A. G., and n/a. "The early life of James Hector, 1834 to 1865 : the first Otago Provincial Geologist." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080227.144316.
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The geologist James Hector (1834-1907) was, by any measure, the most important and influential scientist in nineteenth century New Zealand. In the mid 1860s, he became the first Director of the New Zealand Geological Survey and the Colonial Museum. Thereafter he ran the Colonial Laboratory, set up the Meteorological Service and the Wellington Botanical Gardens and was responsible for the establishment of the New Zealand Institute, acting as its manager and editor of its Transactions and Proceedings for more than 30 years. This work explores the formative years of his career from his early years in Scotland, his experiences with the Palliser Expedition in Canada, and pivotally, his first four years in New Zealand as the first Otago Provincial Geologist.
By the time of James Hector�s entry as a medical student to Edinburgh University in 1852, he had already developed a strong interest in natural history, particularly geology. Although he graduated M.D. from Edinburgh in 1856, that course of study served only as a means of access to the natural sciences. Hector�s interest and training in geology developed at an opportune time, when there was increasing demand for geologists to explore the expanding industrial British Empire for coal and other mineral raw materials.
Hector�s reputation in geology in Edinburgh brought him to the attention of that most influential British geologist, Sir Roderick Murchison, whose recommendation led to his appointment to the British North American Expedition of 1857 (the Palliser Expedition). Hector was acknowledged, on several counts, as a major contributor to the success of the expedition. When the Otago Provincial Government in New Zealand requested advice on the appointment of a geologist for the province, Murchison predictably proposed Hector.
Having reviewed and assessed his work in North America, this thesis deals with the arrival of Hector as Otago Provincial Geologist in Dunedin during the prosperity of the gold rush of the early 1860s. For the first nine months he explored the central and eastern areas of the Province (Chapter 2) and the following year led the exploration of the West Coast, where there was potential for coal, gold and timber-and reputedly copper-and the prospect of providing a commercial route to Melbourne. The two month long expedition up the Matukituki Valley preceded the exploration by ship of the West Coast of the South Island as far north as Martins Bay. The latter became a major triumph on the strength of the contemporary perception of a route between Queenstown and Martins Bay potentially opening up a direct contact between Dunedin and Melbourne.
From mid-1864, Hector�s life was governed by the organisation of the International Exhibition, which opened in Dunedin in January 1865. In that context, he travelled to seek support and participation from the other provinces of New Zealand, a political and administrative commission which he combined with geological exploration.
After the closure of the successful Exhibition in May 1865 and subsequent to the conclusion of his appointment on 1st April 1865, Hector left Otago in August to take up the newly created post of Director of the New Zealand Geological Survey in Wellington. The parting was not administratively smooth and relations between Hector and the Otago Provincial Government were strained by the lack of a final, definitive, report on the Geology of Otago. An overview of Hector�s geology, specifically his interest in coal and gold, and the evolution of his views on the vexed question of the role of glaciers as geomorphologic agents is provided.
James Hector was a man of versatile ability and strong leadership. His scientific skills as a field geologist and the administrative abilities, developed during his explorations in British North America and southern New Zealand, led ultimately to his long and successful career as New Zealand�s chief scientist at a formative time in its history.
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Wennerbom, Alan John Lyell Charles Mantell Gideon Algernon. "Charles Lyell and Gideon Mantell, 1821-1852 their quest for elite status in English geology /." Connect to full text, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/380.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1999.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 16, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Caudel, Mark Edward. "Julius Haast : towards a new appreciation of his life and work : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/954.
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Little is known about Julius Haast's life prior to his arrival in New Zealand in 1858 at the age of 36. Without knowing something about his background, it is difficult to explain his life in New Zealand. This work pursues a historical context that can more fully explain Haast's remarkably active career in New Zealand. The geological survey of the Canterbury Province, the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury and the Canterbury Museum represent Haast's major contributions to science and culture in New Zealand. Julius Haast carefully engineered his own transition from geologist to museum director within the social and political climate of Canterbury in order to remain in Christchurch where he raised his family. Heinrich von Haast's book about his father has been the accepted source of information about his father since its publication in 1948. Until recently, scholars have failed to explore beyond the scope of von Haast's biography. There is now a trend toward recognising Julius Haast as having made significant contributions to many aspects of science and society.
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Schanken, Luke G. "INTERNSHIP WITH EQUITABLE RESOURCES PRODUCTION COMPANY – GEOLOGIST." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1240582253.
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Redeckas, Linas. "Pakruojo rajono geologinis potencialas ir jo apsauga." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140723_121540-06568.
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Geologinis potencialas yra geologinių išteklių (objektų, sąlygų, reiškinių ir procesų) visuma, galinti būti šiuo metu arba perspektyvoje įtraukta į ūkinę veiklą. Sąlyginai galima skirti penkias išteklių grupes: naudingųjų iškasenų ištekliai, struktūriniai-tektoniniai ištekliai, erdviniai ištekliai, informaciniai ištekliai ir rekreaciniai ištekliai.
Pagrindinis darbo tikslas - įvertinti pagrindinius Pakruojo rajono geologinio potencialo išteklius ir jų apsaugą. Siekiant jį realizuoti buvo įvertinti pagrindiniai geologinio potencialo ištekliai. Nustatyta geopaveldo objektų įvairovė ir sklaida Pakruojo rajone. Įvertinti pagrindiniai naudingųjų iškasenų ištekliai Pakruojo rajone, jų eksploatacijos mastai, apžvelgti dolomito panaudojimo galimybes Lietuvos ūkyje. Taip pat buvo svarbu įvertinti dolomito gavybos poveikį aplinkai, rekultivacijos būdus.
Buvo aplankyti Petrašiūnų, Klovainių dolomito karjerai, įvertinta jų aplinkos būklė, lankymų metu bendrauta su karjerus eksploatuojančių įmonių administracija, rinkti dolomito pavyzdžiai detalesniam tyrimui, taip pat papildyti LEU geologijos kabineto dolomitų kolekciją su įvairiomis fosilijomis (koralų, pilvakojų ir kt). Statistinis metodas, naudotas apskaičiuojant įvairius naudingųjų iškasenų išteklių gavybos duomenis. Kartografinis metodas: buvo analizuojami žemėlapiai, sudaromi.
Pakruojo rajone yra nedidelės struktūrinių-tektoninių ir erdvinių išteklių panaudojimo galimybės. Iš geologinio potencialo išteklių Pakruojo rajone... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Geological potential is geological resources (objects, conditions, events, and processes) altogether, that can be or is currently included in the economic activity. Relatively the resources can be divide in to five groups: mineral resources, the structural-tectonic stocks, spatial resources, information resources and recreational resources. The main purpose – is to evaluate the main potential geological resources and their protection in Pakruojis district. In order to realize it, the main potential geological resources were evaluated. Also the variety and dissemination of geoheritage objects were determined in Pakruojis district. In the same district, the evaluation of the main mineral resources, the scale of exploitation, and a review of the use of dolomite for the Lithuanian economy, was done. It was also important to evaluate the impact of the production of dolomite for environment and remediation techniques. The dolomite quarries of Petrašiūnai and Klovainiai were visited, their environmental conditions were evaluated. During these visits the administration of quarries operating company‘s were contacted; dolomite samples were collected for more detailed investigation. The dolomite collection of LEU Geological Study Room was complemented with the various fossils (corals, gastropods, etc.) as well. The statistical method was used for calculating the various mineral resource extraction data. Mapping method: there was analyzed maps and drawn maps. ... [to full text]
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Paraizo, Paulo Lopes Brandão. "Modelagem numerica para tratamento de dados geologicos." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287465.
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Orientador: Armando Zaupa RemacreDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foi utilizada uma metodologia geoestatística, - a simulação condicional-, em duas escalas de heterogeneidades geológicas do reservatório, tendo como objetivo poder medir as incertezas associadas a estas escalas num modelo simplificado de fluxo de fluidos. A primeira escala se refere à distribuição espacial das eletrofácies, que foi simulada com o algoritmo de componentes principais indicadores, e a segunda à distribuição espacial das propriedades petrofísicas, internamente à cada eletrofácies, tendo sido utilizado um algoritmo gaussiano seqüencial. Para cada escala de heterogeneidade foram selecionadas 10 imagens para a simulação de fluxo, onde se verificou, através de um modelo simples, que as incertezas dos parâmetros geológicos dependem não só da sua variabilidade, mas sim da forma como eles interagem com as condições de fluxo as quais o reservatório é submetido. Foi efetuado também um estudo do empilhamento vertical das eletrofácies, onde através de ferramentas simples como curvas de proporção vertical e variogramas, foi possível identificar padrões de comportamento vertical distintos para as várias zonas do reservatório em estudo. Esta abordagem forneceu uma visão abrangente do pacote sedimentar, e se mostrou útil para auxiliar a interpretação de caráter explotatório da área
Abstract: A geostatistica1 method - conditional simu1ation - was used in two sca1es of geo1ogica1 heterogeneity, with the objective of assessing the uncertainty of these sca1es in a simplified fluid flow model. The fust scale is associated with spatial distribuition of eletrofacies, simulated with a indicator principal component algorithm, and the second with the spatial distribuition of petrophysical properties for each e1etrofacies independent1y, simulated with a gaussian sequential algorithm. Ten realizations of each scale were chosen for fluid flow simulation, revealing that the uncertainties are not on1y associated with the variability of the images, but also with the interaction of these with the conditions of flow to which reservoir is submitted. A study of the vertical stacking of e1etrofacies was done with the use of simple too1s like proportion curves and variograms. Itwas possib1e to recognize different patterns of vertical stacking. The approach proved to be useful by providing a general view of the reservo ir, and helpful for the explotatory interpretation
Mestrado
Geologia do Petroleo
Mestre em Geoengenharia de Reservatorios
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Martinsson, Olof. "Bispbergs järnmalmsfält : En geologisk och geokemisk studie." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26303.
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Lima, Luiz Mauricio Silva de. "Modelagem geoestatistica de atributos geologicos em reservatorios turbiditicos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263065.
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Orientador: Alexandre Campane VidalDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A caracterização de reservatórios e de fundamental importância para a implantação de uma estratégia de produção de um campo petrolífero. Os modelos geológicos permitem o entendimento da gênese do reservatório em estudo com a possibilidade de realizar uma distribuição espacial e qualitativa das principais heterogeneidades. Esta analise envolve quantidade enorme de variáveis devido à complexidade do problema gerando um grande numero de cenários prováveis. Para o modelo geológico da área, fundamentada na analise de dez perfis elétricos e radioativos, foi possível a determinação de intercalações de camadas, definição das fácies e a definição da porosidade e permeabilidade dos arenitos. Devido a presença de pacotes mais espessos e contínuos de arenitos na direção SW-NE, portanto com maior razão areia/folhelho, infere-se esta como a direção preferencial de aporte dos sedimentos. A analise geoestatistica foi realizada para as principais variáveis referentes à caracterização de reservatórios. Esta analise definiu a direção SW-NE como a direção preferencial de aporte dos sedimentos e forneceu uma estimativa de volume de óleo in cento. Devido a elevada incerteza na estimativa desse volume, foi realizada a simulação estocástica levando em consideração as variáveis topo e base do reservatório, distribuição de arenitos e porosidade. Os resultados da simulação estocástica demonstram a variação dos volumes de óleo in situ.
Abstract: The reservoir characterization model is of fundamental importance for the planning of a strategy production petroleum field. The geological models allow the understanding of the reservoir's spacial and qualitative distribution of its principal heterogeneity. This analysis involves enormous amount of variables due to the complexity of the problem, which generates a great number of probable scenarios. For the geological model of the area the interpretation is based on the analysis of ten electrical and radioactive logs, with which it is possible to determine the intercalations layers and the definition of the porosity and permeability of the sandstones. The presence of thicker and continuous packages of sandstones in the NE-SW direction, with its high net to gross ratio, is probable due to the existence of a preferential direction of the sediment sources. The geostatistical analysis was carried out for the principle variables regarding the characterization of the reservoir. This analysis defined the direction SW-NE as the preferential direction of the sediments sources and in situ oil volume estimate. Due to the raised uncertainty in the estimate of this volume, a stochastical was carried out with the consideration of; top and base variables of the reservoir, distribution of sandstones and porosity. The results of the stocastical simulations show the variation of the volume in situ of oil.
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
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Salo, L. (Linda). "Geologisten näytteiden sisältämien harvinaisten maametallien erotus- ja analysointitekniikat." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201705161848.
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Kiinan kiristäessä harvinaisten maametallien vientiään sekä harvinaisten maametallien käytön lisääntyessä kysyntä entistä tehokkaammille harvinaisten maametallien erotus- ja analyysitekniikoille on kasvanut. Harvinaisten maametallien käyttöönottoa ja louhintaa muualla kuin Kiinassa rajoittavat kuitenkin esiintymien pienet mineraalivarannot, esiintymien hyvin epätasainen paikkakohtainen jakautuminen sekä kivinäytteiden mahdollinen radioaktiivisuus. Harvinaisiin maametalleihin kuuluvat skandium, yttrium ja kaikki lantanoidit. Ne sopivat käytettäviksi moneen eri asiaan, kuten keramiikkaan, magneetteihin, katalyytteihin, lääkkeisiin ja kehittyneeseen elektroniikkaan. Selvittämällä eri-ikäisten ja erilaisten kivilajien REE-koostumukset, voidaan saada tietoa maailman evoluutiosta, kivilajien kehityksestä sekä geologisista prosesseista. Harvinaisia maametalleja sisältäviä kivimineraaleja ovat muun muassa bastnäsiitti, monatsiitti, lopariitti, ksenotiimi, fergusoniitti, ankyliitti ja allaniitti.
Erilaiset geologiset näytteet käsitellään yleensä joko happohajotuksella, happo- tai emäsfuusiolla tai näiden menetelmien yhdistelmällä. Harvinaisten maametallien erotus- ja esikonsentrointimenetelminä käytetään muun muassa kromatografisia menetelmiä (ioninvaihto, HPLC, käänteisfaasi-HPLC) sekä neste-nesteuuttoa. Erotustekniikoita käytetään, jotta harvinaiset maametallit saadaan tarkemmin erilleen kivimatriisin alkuaineista ja näin harvinaisten maametallien määritys on luotettavampaa. Harvinaisten maametallien analyysitekniikoita ovat esimerkiksi induktiiviplasma optinen emissiospektrometria (ICP-OES), induktiiviplasma-massaspektrometria (ICP-MS) ja röntgenfluoresenssispektrometria (XRF).
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Pukelytė, Baltrūnienė Violeta. "Geologinės struktūros įtaka geomorfologinių rajonų raidai (pietų Lietuvos pavyzdžiu)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140411_150924-34630.
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Šio darbo tikslas Pietų Lietuvos pavyzdžiu įvertinti geologinės struktūros įtaką paviršiaus geomorfologinių kompleksų (rajonų) raidai. Ankstesnių tyrimų skyriuje apžvelgti struktūriniai geomorfologiniai, ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršių ir jų rajonavimo, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių, paleogeografinės raidos poledynmetyje, žemyninių eolinių darinių, geomorfologinio rajonavimo darbai. Metodikos skyriuje aptartas ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus rajonavimas, paleoįrėžių užpildo struktūros įvertinimas, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių tyrimas, pleistoceno storymės paleopaviršių skyrimo patikimumo ir panašumo įvertinimas, taip pat paleogeografinės raidos, žemyninių eolinių darinių formavimosi, geomorfologinių rajonų litomorfogenetinės struktūros tyrimai. Darbe pristatomi bendrieji ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus bruožai, paleoįrėžių paplitimas, kilmė ir jų užpildas, ikikvarterinių uolienų paviršiaus paleogeomorfologinis rajonavimas, kvartero nuogulų storymės ypatumai bei Dainavos ir Žeimenos svitų kraigo paleopaviršiai. Darbe įvertinta geomorfologinių rajonų litomorfogenetinė struktūra ir sudarytas litomorfogenetinio rajonavimo žemėlapis, atkurta Pietų Lietuvos geomorfologinių rajonų paleogeografinė raida poledynmetyje. Atliktas geologinės struktūros sąsajų su geomorfologinių rajonų erdvine sklaida įvertinimas, leidęs nustatyti geomorfologinio paveldimumo pobūdį ir mastą. Darbo rezultatai apibendrinti išvadomis. Darbą sudaro 154 psl., 48 paveikslai, 11 lentelių.The aim of the present research was to evaluate the influence of geological structure on the development of geomorphological complexes (regions) based on the case study of South Lithuania. The overview of investigations discusses the fields of investigations carried out by other authors: structural geomorphological, sub-Quaternary and Pleistocene palaeosurfaces, palaeogeographical post-glacial evolution, and geomorphological regionalisation. The sections “Methods” is devoted to regionalisation of sub-Quaternary surfaces, investigation of Pleistocene palaeosurfaces, reliability of distinguishing Pleistocene palaeosurfaces and evaluation of their comparability, and investigation of palaeogeographical evolution, and lithomorphogenetic structure of geomorphological regions. The dissertation introduces the general features of sub-Quaternary surfaces, distribution patterns of palaeoincisions, their genesis and filling material, palaeogeomorphological regionalisation of sub-Quaternary surface, thickness and specific distribution of Quaternary deposits and palaeosurfaces of the top of Dainava and Žeimena formations. The evaluating lithomorphogenetic structure of geomorphological regions allowed compiling map of lithomorphogenetic regions. The geological structure was correlated with the spatial distribution of geomorphological regions, the influence of sub-Quaternary surface and main Quaternary palaeosurfaces on the evolution of geomorphological regions was analysed. The obtained... [to full text]
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Ulfstein, Nina. "Digital kartlegging og 3D modellering av en geologisk forekomst." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for geologi og bergteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20109.
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I denne oppgaven presenteres teknologiske løsninger og arbeidsmetoder for utredningen av en skiferforekomst utenfor Sandane i Sogn og Fjordane. Forekomsten har store geologiske variasjoner, hvilket fører til problemer ved drift. Arbeidet med utredelsene er inndelt i tre artikler, som tar for seg de ulike aspektene av prosessen. Ut fra et behov for mer effektive og oppdaterte metoder for datainnsamling foreslås det i artikkel I en løsning for digital kartlegging ved bruk av ArcGIS Server og iPad. Denne innebærer lagring av data direkte til en geodatabase gjennom et interaktivt webkart, og ble brukt til kartlegging av skiferforekomsten. Erfaringene etter praktisk bruk i felt var positive, og løsningen førte til en effektivisering av arbeidsmetodikken.For å få mer kunnskap om de ulike bergartene og strukturene i skiferforekomsten er disse i beskrevet og analysert i artikkel II. Dette ble utført ved bruk av tradisjonelle geologiske undersøkelsesmetoder. Bergartene i forekomsten er analysert og klassifisert som kvartsskifer, meta-arkose og meta-diabas. Beskrivelser av strukturer i forekomsten og redegjørelse for tidligere arbeid i området er også inkludert. Dette er for å forstå utviklingen til området, og dermed forekomsten. Det ble utviklet en 3D modell av forekomsten som grunnlag for effektivisering av driften. Dette beskrives i artikkel III. Modellen er basert på overflatedataene innsamlet i felt, og bruker laserdata som rammeverk. Den ferdige 3D modellen av forekomsten viser hvor bergartene kvartsskifer, meta-arkose og meta-diabas kan lokaliseres på terrengoverflaten, og hvordan disse fortsetter inn i forekomsten. Ved å benytte seg av løsningen for digital kartlegging førte dette til mindre etterarbeid. Grunnen til dette var at observasjoner og målinger fra felt var lagret direkte i en geodatabase, som kunne brukes i et overordnet geografisk informasjonssystem. Dette førte til effektiv videre bruk til 3D modellering og visualiseringer. Ved å både utrede geologien på tradisjonelt, og modellere forekomsten i 3D, skapte dette en gjennomgående forståelse av forekomstens utstrekning, og hvordan den kan utnyttes.
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Antevik, Fredrik. "Utvärdering av efterinjektering med polyuretan utifrån geologiska och hydrogeologiska grundförutsättningar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-125477.
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The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the results of selective post-excavation grouting with polyurethane resin in the subway of Stockholm.Dripping and leakage of water into hard rock tunnels is a costly and commonly occurring problem. Water leakage does not only lead to damage to tunnel installation but may also affect the area above the tunnel due to lowering of the ground water table. To solve this problem there are several methods to prevent water entering the tunnel or to divert it. One of the preventing methods are to grout using polyurethane based resins.This thesis evaluates a drip sealing project where eight point leakages where grouted during November 2015. Drip mapping was carried out before and after the grouting to evaluate the change in leakage amount to determine whether the grouting methodology is suitable for future projects. The drip mapping was carried out during a year before the sealing attempt to investigate the leakages natural variation and with greater certainty being able to evaluate the leakage change after the grouting had been carried out.The evaluation of the grouting showed that none of the point leakages were sealed to 100 %. Only three of the leakages decreased, four increased and one showed no change. The natural variations during the evaluation period, during and after the grouting attempt indicates a natural rise in leakage amount induced by an increase in precipitation and rising seasonal trend.The change in leakage amount for every leakage point was compared to geological and hydrogeological parameters to be able to explain the cause of the results and to determine which conditions the methodology depends on. The correlation with original leakage amount, grouting volume and hydraulic aperture where the strongest and could best be explained by second degree polynomials. By using the equations for the polynomials an interval could be determined where the grouting methodology theoretically would lead to the greatest decrease in leakage amount. There are some uncertainty in the interpretation whether a natural signal in the grouting results led to a correlation due to an internal coupling between the parameters.
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Kivelö, Rebecca. "Effekter av geologiskt underlag på bark-pH av olika trädslag." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73060.
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Mossor och lavar bidrar med mycket till biologisk mångfald i nordiska miljöer, och har även en effekt på ekosystemsfunktioner. För mossor och lavar som växer på träd, har barkens pH-värde stor betydelse. Desto högre pH värde, desto fler arter trivs att växa på träden. Något som tidigare forskning har kommit fram till är att det geologiska underlaget har viss påverkan på lavar som växer på träd. Därför går denna studie ut på att undersöka om barkens pH-värde påverkas av det geologiska underlaget. Fem olika trädarter (två olika barrträd och tre olika lövträd) har undersökts på tre olika geologiska underlag. Därav har även skillnaden mellan barrträd och lövträd testats. Resultaten visade att det finns signifikanta skillnader mellan trädart och geologiskt underlag, samt mellan olika trädtyp (lövträd och barrträd) och geologiskt underlag. Skillnader i bark-pH mellan trädarter var mindre på kalkområden än på gnejs och hyperit. Data tyder på att bark-pH, som är en viktig faktor för mossor och lavar som växer på träd, varierar mellan trädslag men även det geologiska underlaget visar sig påverka barkens pH. Då det geologiska underlaget påverkar barkens pH, kan det styra vilka mossor och lavar som kan växa på träden.Mosses and lichens play an important role for biodiversity and ecosystem functions in Nordic environments. For mosses and lichens that grow on trees, the pH of the bark is of great importance. The higher the pH of the bark, the more species can be found. It has been speculated that apart from being a tree species-specific trait, also the geological substrate may affect tree bark-pH. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the pH of the bark may be affected by different geological substrates. Five different tree species (two coniferous and three deciduous) have been studied on three different local geological substrates. Additionally, we compared bark-pH of conifers and deciduous trees as groups. The results showed that there are significant effects on bark-pH of tree species and geological substrates as well as of tree types (deciduous vs. coniferous) and geological substrates. Differences in barkpH between trees were smaller on calcareous substrate than on gneiss or hyperit. The data suggest that bark-pH, as an important factor for mosses and lichens growing on trees, varies between tree species but that the local geological substrate may significantly modify bark-pH. Since the geological substrate has an effect on the pH of the bark, it can control which mosses and lichens that can grow on the trees.
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Cordini, Jucilei. "Determinação do erro ciclico em distanciometros eletronicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37187.
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Orientadores: Alvaro Doubek e Milton de Azevedo CamposDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná
Resumo: A calibração completa de um IMED envolve várias determinações de erros sistemáticos, cujos valores se modificam em função do uso constante e envelhecimento do equipamento. Parte desta calibração destina-se à determinação do erro cíclico em laboratório, normalmente conduzida sobre uma Linha de Teste. Este trabalho foi orientado no sentido de implementar e tornar operacional a Linha de Teste da UFPr , afim de adequá-la à seus propósitos e se transformar num instrumento útil para pós-graduandos, pesquisadores e usuários. Dentre os trabalhos executados e melhorias introduzidas à Linha de Teste, destaca-se a implantação de cinco sistemas refletores (espelhos) que possibilita a obtenção de distâncias superiores a 100 metros. Seis instrumentos de MED foram testados utilizando-se 03 e 05 espelhos normais, num total de 12 testes realizados; dois testes adicionais com espelhos frontais foram também realizados. Os resultados são apresentados e comprovam a eficiência do método e a praticidade do procedimento adotado.
Abstract: The complete calibration of a EDMI implicate in many determinations of systematic errors, whose values modify as a function of the constant use and the aging of the equipment. Part of this calibration is for determination of the cyclic error in laboratory, normally carried out over a Test Line. This work was oriented in the meaning of to implement and at turning operational the Test Line of the UFPr, with the aim to adapt it to its purpose and at turning it a useful instrument to post-graduate, researchers and users. Among the work carried out and the improvement introduced to the Test Line, it must be distinguished the implantation of five reflector systems (mirrors) that make possible to obtain distances over a hundred meters. Six EDMI instruments were tested by the use of three and five normal mirrors making a total of twelve realized tests; two supplementary tests with frontal mirror were also realized. The results are show and they confirm the efficiency of the method used and the practicality of the procedure adopted.
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Backman, Carl-Magnus. "Från naturintresserad till statstjänsteman. : En studie över geologyrkets professionalisering i Sverige mellan 1858 och 1914." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-215617.
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Uppkomsten av yrkesidentiteten geolog är i Sverige nära knutet till etableringen av Sveriges geologiska undersökning (SGU) år 1858. I denna uppsats undersöks hur geologens yrke utvecklades under perioden mellan 1858 till 1914, Yrket kom att professionaliseras som ett resultat av samverkan mellan SGU och svenska universitet och högskolor vilket beskrivs i uppsatsen. En genomgång har gjorts av bakgrund och arbetsuppgifter för de geologer som anställdes vid SGU under den aktuella prioden. Vidare beskrivs några praktiska geologiska arbetsuppgifter och vilken betydelse de hade för industrialiseringen av Sverige. SGUs engagemang i malmgeologiska frågor kom att ifrågasättas av värmländska bergsmän och den debatten behandlas även.
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Halabi, Fadi. "Utvärdering av förstärkningskostnader med hänsyn till geologisk osäkerhet och bergklasser." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33863.
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Följande examensarbete utvärderar förstärkningskostnader i tunnelprojekt m.h.t.geologiska osäkerheter och bergklassernas antal och intervall.För att relatera detta arbete till verkligheten tillämpas data från Förbifart Stockholmsingenjörsgeologiska prognos. Denna bergkvalité beskrivs i enlighet med Q-metodenoch i detta arbete erhålls omfattningen av bergförstärkningen genom tillämpning avNGI-systemet för specifika Q-värden.Förstärkning av tunnlar utförs enligt förstärkningsklasser som representerar enfördefinierad bergförstärkning för särskilda bergklasser. Varje bergklass består av ettQ-värdesintervall. Förändringar i detta intervall resulterar i förändringar avbergförstärkningen för de specifika tunnelsektionerna.Vid ökning av antal bergklasser sjunker den totala omfattningen av bergförstärkningoch även den totala förstärkningskostnaden. Vid tillämpning av större antalbergklasser tvingas entreprenören att behöva byta bergklass oftare. Sådana klassbytenantas skapa omkostnader för entreprenören p.g.a. hackigare (mer tidskrävande)produktion. Valet av antal bergklasser beror därför på den totala kostnaden avklassbytena och den vinst (minskning i förstärkningskostnad) som görs vid ökning avantal bergklasser.För att simulera konsekvenserna av geologiska osäkerheter skapar detta arbetevariationer av FS ingenjörsgeologiska prognos. Utifrån dessa ”nya” varieradeprognoser beräknas en ny förstärkningsmängd och en ny förstärkningskostnad.Variationerna av prognosen utförs enligt statistiskt lognormalfördelade metoder ochdetta leder till att förstärkningskostnaderna får en viss spridning. Utifrån dennaspridning erhålls ett mått på förstärkningskostnadernas förändring vid antagnavariationer av prognosen.Resultatet visar att ett större antal bergklasser leder till lägre förstärkningskostnadermen samtidigt ökade antal klassbyten. Dock fastän klassbytekostnaderna tas i hänsynär det ekonomiskt fördelaktigare att öka antal bergklasser. För samma antalbergklasser som antagits för Förbifart Stockholm bör det vara möjligt att sänkaförstärkningskostnaderna med ca 3 % vid tillämpning av anpassade bergklasser.Vad gäller geologiska osäkerheter uppvisas ett tydligt samband mellan ökningen avförstärkningskostnaderna och andelen låga Q-värden. Slutsatsen är att detaljeradeundersökningar av områden med normal bergkvalité inte bör prioriteras då måttligaskillnader i denna bergkvalité spelar mindre roll på förstärkningskostnaderna. Detsom kan påverka förstärkningskostnaderna mest är zoner och områden som inte harupptäckts och består av mycket dålig bergkvalité, därför bör förundersökningenfokusera på att lokalisera sådana områden.
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Lans, Katarina. "Rikkärrens koppling till kalkberggrunden : Finns det några geologiska genvägar till rikkärren?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology (INK), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43113.
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Rikkärr är en naturtyp med hög artrikedom, som återfinns i kalkrika våtmarker. Kända rikkärr upptar idag 2-3 % av myrarealen i Sverige (Sjörs & Gunnarsson 2002). Med snabbare och effektivare inventeringsmetoder skulle med all sannolikhet fler rikkärr återfinnas. Rikkärrens många arter har under lång tid anpassat sig till de speciella förhållandena men är idag starkt hotade då biotopen rikkärr minskar. Tillbakagången är ett resultat av dikning, upphörd hävd, övergödning, försurning och skogsbruk. I de svenska rikkärren finns många rödlistade och utrotningshotade arter inom grupperna snäckor, kärlväxter och mossor. För att bevara den biologiska mångfalden behöver vi ha säkra metoder för att identifiera rikkärr och på så vis ha möjlighet att skydda dem. Naturtypen rikkärr har många fysionomier som gör den svår att urskilja vid flygbildstolkning. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka om det med hjälp av geologiska data hos Sveriges geologiska undersökning (SGU) är möjligt att finna kopplingar till rikkärren som kan användas för att på ett säkert sätt kunna identifiera potentiella rikkärrsområden snabbare i framtiden. Arbetet har genomförts genom att studera samband mellan utvalda element ur ett antal undersökningar utförda av SGU. Resultatet visar tydligt det starka samband rikkärren har till områden med kalkberggrund och på hur tydligt detta syns vid användandet av det geografiska informationsprogrammet ArcGIS. Resultaten i uppsatsen tydliggör även svårigheten med att använda befintliga data, ur SGU:s geodatabas, för att finna kompletterade komponenter med samband till biotopen rikkärr. Resultaten leder till rekommendationer om framtida undersökningar att utföra för att stärka vår kunskap om rikkärren.
Kan SGUs data användas för att förutsäga vegetationens sammansättning?
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Samuchovas, Andrejus. "Panemunės inžinerinės-geologinės sąlygos. Statinio bei dinaminio zondavimo tyrimo rezultatų analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20090908_192055-48536.
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Santrauka Temos aktualumas. Populiariausias Lietuvoje naudojamas būdas stipruminėms grunto savybėms nustatyti yra statinis zondavimas. Tuo tarpu dinaminis zondavimas naudojamas labai retai, dažniausiai tik ten kur neįmanoma atlikti.statinio zondavimo. Tokia situacija susidarė dėl to, kad Lietuvoje nėra metodikos pamatų skaičiavimams pagal qd (dinaminio zondavimo) reikšmes ir projektuotojai nelabai supranta dinaminio zondavimo privalumų. Esant tokiai padėčiai dauguma inžinerinių geologinių tyrimų įmonių qd reikšmes verčia į statinio zondavimo reikšmes qc, nors perėjimo koeficientų iš qd į qc nėra nurodyta jokiuose inžinerinių tyrinėjimų bei statybos reglamentuose ir žininuose. Dėl to inžinerinės geologijos specialistai dažniausiai naudoja savo pačių išvestus koeficientus. Taigi šiame darbe, atliktų tyrimų dėka, bus bandoma pritaikyti optimaliausius perėjimo koeficientus iš qd ir qc. Norint nustatyti šiuos koeficientus, buvo gilintasi į perėjimo iš dinaminio zondavimo rezultatų į statinio zondavim rezultatus problemas. Darbo tikslas – suteikti informaciją inžinieriams geologams apie dviejų inžinerinių geologinių lauko tyrimų metodų efektyvumą. Uždaviniai: - išbandyti statinį ir dinaminį zondavimą konkrečioje teritorijoje, - palyginti gautus rezultatus, - surasti perėjimo koeficientus iš qd į qc. Pirmoje darbo dalyje autorius aprašo tyrimo objekto inžinerinės geologinės sąlygas Antroje dalyje STATINIO IR DINAMINIO ZONDAVIMO REZULTATŲ GRUNTŲ ANALIZĖ Trečioje dalyje gautų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]SUMMARY Relevance of the topic. The most popular method of the determination of soil resistance is the static probing test. Meanwhile, the dynamic probing test is applied very rarely, mainly in places where the static probing test may not be used. Such situation has occurred because of the lack of methodology base for calculations according to qd (dynamic probing) values in Lithuania, while the designers do not perceive the advantages of dynamic probing. In the present situation, most of the engineering geology testing companies translate qd values into static probing values qc, though coefficients of conversion from qd to qc are not given in any engineering survey or construction regulations or references. Therefore, experts of engineering geology mostly use their own derived coefficients. Thus, through performed tests, the most optimal coefficients of conversion from qd to qc shall be applied in this paper. In order to determine these coefficients, problems of conversion from dynamic probing results to static probing results were analysed. The goal of the paper is to provide information for engineers geologists on the efficiency of two methods of engineering geologic field tests. Tasks: - Testing of static and dynamic probing in a specific territory; - Comparison of received results; - Finding of coefficients of conversion from qd to qc. The first part of the paper describes the engineering geologic conditions of the testing object. The second part analyses the results of... [to full text]
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Österberg, Bodil, and Gillberg Jenny Storm. "Eleverna och den geologiska tiden : Museipedagogers arbete ur ett designteoretiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30234.
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This study aims to apply a design theoretical perspective on museum educators in a natural sciencemuseum to see which didactic choices they make. This study proceeds from the following questions: How is the scientific content of the exhibition orchestrated? Which semiotic resources do the museum educators uses? How do the museum tutors reason for their didactic choices? The study is based on seven observations of five different museum educators teaching seven different classes in the younger ages in one specific exhibition. It is also based on one interview with three of the museum educators. The design theory of learning, which is the theory that this study is analysed through, is mostly based on the studies by Staffan Selander and Gunther Kress (2010). The result of the investigation shows, in short, that the scientific content is orchestrated like a journey through time where different sceneries represent the geological ages of the earth. The museum educators uses a combination of multiple semiotic resources. The interview showed what the museum educators wanted to be the key words in their teaching: understanding, curiosity, desire, to arouse interest and willingness to take on the science glasses and ask yourself questions like 'How can you know that?' and 'How can you find out?'.
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Eklöf, Sara. "Gråberg och grå litteratur : Förändringar i informationsförsörjningen på Sveriges geologiska undersökning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387344.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how employees at the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) and librarians at SGU and Uppsala university library (UUB) experience challenges and changes in the information provision for geologists at SGU after an organizational change of the library function at the survey. After the closure of the library at SGU in 2015 the survey buys some of their needed library service from UUB, while most of the SGU library collections are left at the survey. To investigate the experiences I conducted interviews with current and former geologists and former librarians at SGU and a librarian at UUB. I also investigated some key documents to provide a framework to the interviewee’s experiences, to compare this with the goals of the coordination between SGU and UUB, and to try and shed light on the role of the library within the survey. The study was based on a constructivist point of view where the interviewee’s experiences of the changes is in focus, giving a deeper understanding of their information needs and how they have been affected by the changes of the library function. I have looked at the changes in information provision for the employees at SGU as a result of changes in SGU’s library activities, that is, changes in the organization of SGU. The results were therefore analyzed using a combination of organizational theories on public administration and business concept approaches, which is motivated by how public administration has changed in recent decades. The results show that geologists at SGU rely heavily on old publications, grey literature and publications about Swedish conditions. This is opposed to what UUB offers in terms of ”hot science” and international literature to meet the needs of the researchers and students at Uppsala university. Also, since UUB only took over a small part of the collections from the SGU library as part of the agreement, the SGU employees have a significant need for help obtaining literature that is left at the former SGU library. As a result of the changes in information provision, the interviewed geologists at SGU feel that the closure of the library at SGU has had a negative impact on their work performance. Because of this they also feel that there is a contradiction between the regulation of the survey, which states that the main focus for SGU is to collect, manage and disseminate information, and the decision to close the library. The conclusions are that although the libraries at SGU and UUB both offer literature in the field of geology there are big differences in the kind of geological literature that the users need and what the different libraries can or could offer. In a larger perspective, this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of special libraries and what can happen to the information provision when a library closes. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.
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McCoy, Niklas. "Omkonstruktion av kolvlod : På uppdrag av institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper Stockholms universitet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200583.
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On ocean beds around the world sinking particles of residual biomass from animals and vegetation have, over time, accumulated into thick layers of sediment. For researchers these layers of sediment contain valuable information about the earth’s past climate, information that can be used to predict future climate change and to estimate natural vs. human causes of today’s global warming.The Institute of Geosciences at Stockholm University studies sediment cores that have been acquired with an apparatus called piston corer. For future coring expeditions additional piston corers are needed. However, the dimensions of the current piston corer only allow use of specially ordered polycarbonate pipes which are used as liners. This pipe is relatively expensive compared to pipes of other plastic materials and of standard dimensions. In order to lower the cost of upcoming coring expeditions a new piston corer design, that allows use of standard dimension plastic pipes as liners, is required.The process of redesigning the piston corer offers an opportunity to identify structural disadvantages and generate ideas on improvements that can be accomplished in a new construction. It also offers an opportunity to satisfy a need to increase the dimensions of the liners in order to acquire a larger volume of sediment, thereby increasing the reliability of the information gathered when examining the sediment. This thesis paper presents the process of redesigning and improving the piston corer currently used by Stockholm University. The resulting design allows use of standard dimension PVC pipes as liners. It has also been improved regarding the process of extruding liners after recovering sediment cores as well as performance and handling.
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Andin, Caroline, and Madelene Sundin. "Jämförelse av Sveriges geologiska undersöknings och Naturvårdsverkets extraktionsmetoder för metaller i morän." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204933.
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Sveriges geologiska undersökning, SGU, och Naturvårdsverket, NV, tillämpar sig av olika geokemiska extraktionsmetoder för att analysera jordprover. Detta görs för att undersöka metallhalter i mark. SGU använder en metod som liknar den som rekommenderas av NV, men utan lakning i tryckkärl, och det är oklart om metoderna lakar samma jordfraktion och kan jämföras. Syftet med arbetet är att fastställa om SGUs och NVs extraktionsmetoder för jordprover är jämförbara. Detta har gjorts genom en kvalitets- och regressionsanalys, samt genom en statistisk analys. Proverna kommer från tre olika områden i Sverige och de är analyserade med både fin- och grovfraktion. För att hitta relationer mellan metoderna har SGUs och NVs analysresultat kopplats till NVs riktvärden för förorenad mark. Detta gjordes för att undersöka hur pass jämförbara SGUs resultat är med NVs riktvärden. Det visade sig att SGUs och NVs extraktionsmetoder för jordprover korrelerar väl med varandra och att de har en god förklaringsgrad. Prov som analyserades efter NVs metod extraherade mer metall än SGUs metod. Dessutom lakades högre metallhalter ur prov av finare fraktion än prov av grövre fraktion. Sammanfattningsvis är alltså SGUs och NVs extraktionsmetoder jämförbara.
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Beckholmen, Ingrid. "Källor i Lagga, en uppländsk slättbygd : Geografisk och geologisk påverkan påkällvattens egenskaper." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229020.
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For centuries, springs have played a significant role in our society as water supplies, reasons for where to settle down, and in folklore. There are different reasons why and where a spring forms, e.g. in what kind of soil it has its outflow. Geographic and geochemical surroundings have an influence on spring-water quality.For this project some of the springs in the Lagga perish, Knivsta municipality, Sweden, were selected for a closer study. Water samples were collected from springs for analysis. A short-term study was performed of temperature and conductivity changes during spring 2014. The investigated springs of this project were divided into four major groups according to their location in the landscape and their chemical properties: 1) springs that have their outflow in clay in valley bottoms, 2) springs that lie in the transition between glacial till soil and clay, 3) springs in till soil, and 4) springs in till soil with large boulders. Analyses show that the ion content in spring-water is higher in the valley than in the surrounding forest tills. Together with previous data it is shown that temperature and conductivity are more stable in the springs in the valley clay than in the uphill springs in till.Källor har under århundraden spelat en viktig roll i människors liv genom behovet av vattenförsörjning, vid val av plats för att bosätta sig och inom folkloristiken. Källors förekomst styrs av var och hur de uppträder; t ex i vilken sorts jordart utströmningen sker. Den geografiska och geologiska närkemin påverkar källvattenkemin. I detta projekt undersöktes källor i Lagga socken, Knivsta kommun. Källvattenprover samlades in för analys av vattenkemin. En kort tidsserie under våren 2014 för temperatur och konduktivitet upprättades. Källorna delades in i fyra större grupper efter hur de ligger i landskapet och efter deras kemiska egenskaper: 1) Källor som kommer upp genom leran i dalgången, 2) källor som ligger i kanten av lerslätten, 3) källor som ligger i morän och 4) i storblockig morän. Efter analys visas att källor nära och i dalgången har högre jonhalt än de källor som ligger i moränen, uppe i skogarna. Vid en jämförelse med tidigare mätdata ser man att temperatur och konduktivitet är stabilare i källor som kommer ut i den leriga dalgången än i moränkällorna.
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Klenk, Gabriele B. "Geologish-mineralogische Untersuchungen zur Technologie frühbronzezeitlicher Keramik von Lidar Höyük (Südost-Anatolien) /." München : F. Pfeil, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37727313t.
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Gödde, Hildegard. "Die Krustenstrukturen am konvergenten Plattenrand Costa Ricas refraktionsseismische Messungen und ihre geologisch-geodynamische Interpretation /." Potsdam : Geoforschungszentrum, 1999. http://d-nb.info/99328034X/34.
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LINS, JOAS P. "Determinacao de hafnio e zirconio em materiais geologicos por analise por ativacao com neutrons." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1992. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10289.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Parviainen, T. (Timo). "Ruokohelpiviljelyn optimointi suopohjilla:turvetuotantoalueiden geologisen ympäristön, pohjaturpeen sekä kierrätyslannoitteiden käytön vaikutus ruokohelpin käyttämiin alkuaineisiin ja satoon." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514284588.
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Abstract There are various after-use options on the cut-away peatlands, depending on the characteristics of the soil. If the soil is devoid of rock, cultivation of reed canary grass is a profitable after-use option. The aim of this study was to determine how characteristics of peat, peatland surroundings and fertilizers influence the element uptake of reed canary grass. In the present investigation the peat production areas of Luesuo, Piipsanneva and Jouttenisenneva were selected as study areas. A comprehensive sampling programme was carried out in each of the study areas. In addition, two experimental areas for cultivation of reed canary grass were established in Luesuo and Hankilanneva between 2004 and 2005. The results obtained indicate that all study areas were suitable for cultivating reed canary grass, but fertilizers must be added to make up nutrient deficiencies. The study areas were very clean from heavy metals. The results also suggest that the characteristics of peat or surroundings of peatland do not influence the nutrient level of peat significantly, considering the cultivation of reed canary grass. The large geochemical provinces have a smaller impact on nutrient and heavy metal levels in the peat on the peat cut-away areas compared to smaller geochemical units. Heavy metal content in the peat and in the mineral soil under the peat seems to correlate. Reed canary grass does not uptake heavy metals from the cultivation media effectively. Liming slag was better for liming in cultivation of reed canary grass than ash. Although ash has large amounts usable nutrients, especially potassium, it did not raise the heavy metal content in peat to harmful levels, it can therefore be used in the cultivation of reed canary grass. Stock fertilized fur animal manure compost produced almost as much biomass as optimized artificial fertilizers. After the correction of nutrient deficiencies, compost is suitable for the cultivation of reed canary grass in peatlands. Because the total nutrient levels are high in compost, its fertilizer effect lasts longer than in artificial fertilizers, where nutrients are all in a dissolved form. Already in the first growing season the cultivation of reed canary grass changed the cut-away peatland from a carbon source to a carbon sink. In this respect, the reed canary grass cultivation can be used to produce bioenergy to replace fossil fuels in accordance with the goals of Kyoto ProtocolTiivistelmä Turvetuotannosta vapautuneella suopohjalla toteutetaan erilaisia jälkikäyttötapoja riippuen suopohjan ominaisuuksista. Jos suopohja on kohtuullisen kivetöntä, ruokohelpiviljely on kannattavaa. Viljelty ruokohelpi poltetaan turpeen tai hakkeen seassa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittää miten pohjaturpeen ja suopohjan ympäristöalueiden ominaisuudet sekä viljelyyn käytetyt lannoite- ja kalkitusaineet vaikuttavat ruokohelpin käyttämiin ravinteisiin. Ruokohelpiviljelyn lannoituskustannukset ovat suuret, joten suopohjan luontainen ravinnetila kannattaa huomioida lannoitusta suunniteltaessa. Suopohjan ravinnetila saadaan selville laatimalla alueelle viljavuusanalyysi. Kyseisen analyysin yhteydessä on hyödyllistä tehdä myös raskasmetallianalyysit, jotta viljelykäyttöön tulevan suopohjan puhtaudesta voidaan varmistua. Tutkimuksen kohdealueiksi valittiin Luesuon, Piipsannevan ja Jouttenisennevan turvetuotantoalueet. Lisäksi tutkimusta varten perustettiin ruokohelpin viljelykoealueet Luesuolle ja Hankilannevalle vuosina 2004 ja 2005. Tutkimusalueilla suoritettiin kattava näytteenotto. Näytteistä analysoitiin tärkeimmät kasviravinteet sekä joukko raskasmetalleja. Tulosten perusteella tutkimusalueille laadittiin viljavuusluokittelu. Tutkimusalueet soveltuvat hyvin ruokohelpiviljelyyn, mutta ravinnepuutokset tulee korjata lannoituksella käytettäen suopohjille suositeltua lannoitusta. Tutkimusalueet osoittautuivat puhtaiksi raskasmetalleista. Tutkimuksen kohteina olleiden suopohjien liukoisen kaliumin ja fosforin pitoisuudet olivat hyvin alhaisia, eivätkä turpeen tai ympäristön ominaisuudet vaikuttaneet niiden pitoisuuksiin ruokohelpiviljelyn kannalta merkittävästi. Liukoisen magnesiumin ja kalsiumin pitoisuudet sen sijaan vaihtelivat tutkituilla suopohjilla kohtuullisen paljon riippuen turpeen ominaisuuksista. Geokemiallisella provinssilla ei todettu olevan niin suurta merkitystä suopohjien lopputurpeiden alkuainepitoisuuksiin kuin pienemmillä geokemiallisilla yksiköillä. Tutkittujen suopohjien turpeen ja sen alla olevan kivennäismaan raskasmetallipitoisuudet korreloivat keskenään. Tutkimustulosten mukaan kasvualustan raskasmetallit eivät siirry tehokkaasti ruokohelpiin. Poikkeuksena olivat sinkin ja molybdeenin pitoisuudet, joita ruokohelpissä esiintyi korkeampina pitoisuuksina kuin kasvualustassa. Haitallisten raskasmetallien pitoisuudet olivat huomattavasti alhaisempia ruokohelpissä kuin kasvualustassa. Ruokohelpi sisälsi raskasmetalleja erittäin pieninä pitoisuuksina, joten viimeisen kasvukuukauden muutokset olivat vaikeasti tulkittavissa. Näyttää kuitenkin siltä, että ruokohelpi siirtää ainakin osan kuparista, sinkistä ja molybdeenistä juuristoonsa talven ajaksi. Suoritettujen lannoituskokeiden perusteella teräskuona soveltuu voimalaitostuhkaa paremmin turvekentän kalkitukseen ruokohelpiviljelyssä. Voimalaitostuhka sisältää kuitenkin huomattavia määriä hyödynnettäviä ravinteita, etenkin kaliumia. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, ettei voimalaitostuhka lisännyt edes ylisuurina annoksina kasvualustan raskasmetallipitoisuuksia haitallisesti, joten sitä voidaan käyttää ruokohelpiviljelyssä. Varastolannoitetulla kompostilla saavutettiin lähes yhtä hyvä ruokohelpisato kuin optimoidulla mineraalilannoitteella. Näin ollen turkislantakompostia voidaan ravinnekorjausten jälkeen käyttää mainiosti ruokohelpiviljelyyn. Kompostin ravinnevaikutus on myös suurten kokonaisravinnepitoisuuksien vuoksi pidempi kuin mineraalilannoitteilla. Fosforin varastolannoitus turkislantakompostilla onnistui ensimmäisen kasvukauden perusteella hyvin. Tutkimuksessa todettiin, että jo ensimmäisenä kasvukautena ruokohelpiviljelyllä saadaan muutettua hiililähteenä toimiva entinen turvetuotantoalue hiilinieluksi. Ruokohelpiviljelyllä tuotetulla bioenergialla voidaan lisäksi korvata fossiilisia polttoaineita Kioton ympäristösopimuksen tavoitteiden mukaisesti
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Bertoldo, Arno Luis. "Avaliação das atividades de levantamento geologico e dos serviços geologicos nacionais : uma abordagem comparativa internacional." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287077.
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Orientador: Newton Muller PereiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Doutorado
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Mork, Merethe Weiseth. "Tilrettelegging av geologiske og geotekniske data for samfunnets behov : - med grunnvarme i Trondheim kommune som eksempel." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for geologi og bergteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18770.
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I denne masteroppgaven ble følgende problemstillinger besvart:•Hvordan er den sannsynlige utbredelsen av løsmasseavsetninger og fyllmasser i Trondheim kommune gitt den geologiske og urbane utvikling av kommunen fra slutten av istiden til i dag?•Hva er den beste metoden for å fremstille sannsynlig dybde til fjell innenfor en kommune?•Hvordan kan innsamling, bearbeiding og presentasjon av enkle grunnboringsdata gjøres på kommunalt og nasjonalt nivå?•Hvordan kan informasjon om infrastruktur i grunnen gjøres lettere tilgjengelig for publikum? Trondheim kommune består av flere ulike løsmasseavsetninger. De deler av kommunen som ligger mer enn 160 m over havet har for det meste et tynt lag av forvitringssedimenter eller morene (Byåsen og Estenstadmarka), mens de deler som ligger under denne grensen har et til tider tykt lag av leire. Grus og sand, avsatt som breavsetninger og breelvavsetninger, finnes blant annet ved Kvenild, Heimdal, Ekle og Tiller. Områder langs Nidelvens nåværende eller tidligere løp har fått tilført lag av grus og sand avsatt som elveavsetninger. Kulturlag skapt av mennesker ligger i Midtbyen. Utfylling av masser har funnet sted i Sluppen-området og i havneområdet.Når det vurderes å bore en energibrønn er det viktig å vite sannsynlig dybde til fjell fordi det medfører ekstra kostnader å installere fôringsrør av stål i løsmasser for å stabilisere borehullet. To illustrasjonskart og tre estimeringsmodeller for dybde til fjell har blitt laget basert på informasjon om dybde til fjell fra grunnboringsdatabasen til Trondheim kommune, kvartærgeologisk kart og brønndatabasen til Norges geologiske undersøkelse. Å estimere dybde til fjell i to dimensjoner med ordinær kriging fungerer bra hvis man kun baserer modellen på boringer som har nådd fjell. Hvis boringer som ikke har nådd fjell også inkluderes er indikatorkriging en god metode.Geologiske og geotekniske data er viktige informasjonskilder både for publikum, og offentlige og private bedrifter. Innsamling av grunnboringsdata kan gjøres ved at kommunene samler inn alle data fra grunnboringer utført kommunalt og i samarbeid med konsulentselskaper i en database. Nasjonalt kan data samles inn fra hver enkelt kommune. Data kan bearbeides ved å sortere relevante parametre i kolonner og presenteres ved å vise punkter med ulike alternativer av en parameter ved farger eller ulike størrelser på symbol.Alle undergrunnsinstallasjoner i Trondheim kommune er ikke fullstendig registrert i et offentlig tilgjenglig digitalisert kart per i dag, men et slikt kart hadde gjort informasjonen lettere tilgjengelig for publikum.
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Mihaguti, Mauro Koji. "Impactos das incertezas geologicas nos resultados de uma simulação de fluxo : aplicação em um caso real." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287480.
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Orientador : Armando Zaupa RemacreDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Investiga-se os impactos nos resultados da simulação de fluxo, decorrentes de quatro pontos de incertezas geológicas: a variabilidade entre as realizações da simulação estocástica de fácies, e entre as realizações da modelagem das propriedades petrofísicas, a aplicação dos métodos de transferência de escala e os tipos de modelos utilizados para a estruturação das camadas de simulação de fluxo. A abordagem é eminentemente prática. A. caracterização geológica por modelagem numérica é realizada em dois estágios, utilizando a simulação estocástica de fácies e a simulação gaussiana sequencial da porosidade. A modelagem das propriedades petrofísicas, utilizando a teoria da esperança condicional, reproduz a nuvem de correlação inicial. A transferência de escala, utilizando estima dores analíticos, apresenta uma abordagem no meio geológico. As simulações de fluxo demonstram que os maiores impactos correspondem, em ordem decrescente de relevância: ao tipo de modelo utilizado para a estruturação das camadas,à reprodução das barreiras verticais na transferência de escala, à variabilidade entre as realizações da simulação de fácies (geometria interna) e à modelagem das propriedades petrofísicas
Abstract: This dissertation investigates the impacts in the results of flow simulation due to four points of uncertainty: the variability between realizations of stochastic simulation of fades, the variability between realizations of petrophysical properties modelling, the application of up-scalling methods and the types of models for the structuring of flow simulation layers. The approach is pratical. The geological characterization by numerical modelling is realized in two stages, using the stochastic simulation of fades and the sequencial gaussian simulation of porosity. The petrophysical properties modelling using the conditional expectation theory reproduces the initial correlation doud. The up-scalling using analytical estimators presents an approach in the geological media. Flow simulations demonstrates that the greater impacts correspond, in decreasing order of relevance: to the type of model for the structuring of flow simulation layers, the reproduction of vertical barriers in the up-scalling step, the variability between realizations of stochastic simulations of fades and the variability between petrophysical properties modelling
Mestrado
Geologia de Petroleo
Mestre em Geoengenharia de Reservatorios
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MORCELLI, CLAUDIA P. R. "Determinacao de iridio em baixas concentracoes(sub ng gsup-1) em materiais geologicos por ativacao neutronica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10741.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Höfer-Öllinger, Claudio Giorgio [Verfasser]. "Geologisch-hydrogeologische Einflussfaktoren bei der Trassenwahl von Tunnelbauwerken am Beispiel der binationalen Andentunnel / Claudio Giorgio Höfer-Öllinger." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128150514/34.
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Prieto, Cainzos Rigoberto Lazaro. "Integração de dados geofisicos e geologicos de Cuba Centro-Oriental : contribuições a cartografia e exploração mineral regional." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287245.
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Orientadores : Elisabete Maria Pascholati, Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho, Gilberto Amaral (In memoriam)Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Doutorado
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Silva, Clarete Paranhos da. "Garimpando memorias : as ciencias mineralogicas e geologicas no Brasil na transição do seculo XVIII para o XIX." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287654.
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Orientador: Silvia Fernanda de Mendonça FigueiroaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A atividade mineradora no Brasil na transição do século XVIII para o século XIX enfrentou uma grave crise. O Estado português, aliado a instituições científicas, realizou um grande esforço para superar essa crise. Nesse contexto, alguns intelectuais nascidos no Brasil foram encarregados de pensar sobre os problemas da mineração, encontrar as causas do seu declínio e propor formas de recuperar o setor. Essa tese se debruça sobre idéias encontradas em "Memórias" sobre mineração, escritas por ilustrados nascidos na colônia. O estudo dessas "Memórias" permitiu construir um quadro do pensamento e das práticas nos campos da mineração, da Mineralogia e da Geologia no Brasil daquele período. Inserido no conjunto dos estudos que tratam da institucionalização das ciências naturais no Brasil, este trabalho tem como objetivos mostrar o estado do conhecimento das ciências de cunho mineralógico e geológico no Brasil, na transição do século XVIII para o século XIX, e como um grupo de ilustrados nascidos em terras brasílicas pensava, tendo como pano de fundo sua formação no ambiente iluminista, os problemas ligados à mineração no Brasil. O trabalho visa mostrar o contexto científico local, suas características e os limites estabelecidos por esse mesmo contexto à atuação dos homens de ciência. Em outras palavras, mostrar a atuação de indivíduos, sua prática científica, os fatores que os moveram em seu trabalho no espaço colonial e suas relações com os ideais do período ilustrado. A partir de uma leitura que leva em consideração textos e contextos, foi possível, para além dos objetivos já citados, identificar visões de ciências e referenciais teóricos e metodológicos que nortearam o trabalho desses personagens em seu esforço de pensar o setor mineral e as ciências a ele ligadas, quais sejam a Mineralogia e a Geologia. Através da análise de "Memórias" de cunho mineralógico e geológico produzidas pelos mesmos, em conjunto com outros documentos - cartas, ordens, avisos, etc. - o que se buscou aqui mostrar é o "fazer ciência" em seu próprio contexto
Abstract: The mining activity in Brazil in the transition trom the 18th to the 19th centuries faced a very serious crisis. The Portuguese State and the scientific institutions carried out efforts to overcome this crisis. In this context, some intellectuals bom in Brazil were in charge of thinking about the mining sector, finding the reasons of the decline in the mineral production and proposing forms to overcome the problems. This thesis "mines" some ideas I have found in some memoirs written by some enlightened Brazilian men at that period. In my opinion their memoirs can bring us a picture about the thoughts and the practices in the fields of mining, mineralogy and geology in the Portuguese America. The present study lies among those which work on the process of institutionalization of natural sciences in Brazil. It aims at showing the state of knowledge related to the mineralogical and geological sciences in Brazil in the transition from the 18th to the 19th centuries and how a group of enlightened men bom in Brazil thought about the problems connected to mining. Besides, this thesis intends to present the local scientific context and the limits imposed by it on the work of these men of science. Through the reading and analyses of texts and contexts this study shall identify visions of science and methodological references which guided the scientific efforts carried out by the "Brazilian" naturalist in order to overcome the problems in the mining sector. By analyzing the memoirs and other kinds of documents letters, official orders, travei instructions, etc. - I shall provide a general view on the mineralogical and geological science in its Brazilian contexto
Doutorado
Geociencias
Doutor em Geociências
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Uchoa, Juliane Cristina Ferreira. "Analise espacial dos corpos plutonicos do cinturão mineiro atraves da integração de dados geologicos, aerogeofisicos e geoquimicos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287404.
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Orientadores: Adalene Moreira Silva, Catarina Laboure Benfica ToledoAcompanha um mapa em folha dobrada, em bolso
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A aquisição de dados aerogeofísicos sobre o Cinturão Mineiro, porção sul do Craton São Francisco, Minas Gerais, exibiu padrões diferentes daqueles mapeados em trabalhos de campo. Uma análise integrada de dados aerogamaespectrométricos, magnetométricos, gequímica e geológicos de campo resultaram num mapa destes padrões, destacando as relações entre as principais unidades geológicas, como suas estruturas internas e limites. O realce e análise dos dados aerogamespectrométricos a partir da classificação não supervionada apresentaram os principais litotipos, bem como suas variações internas, complementando os dados geológicos existentes. O produto principal é um mapa geológico na escala 1:100.000, onde as principais anomalias geofísicas foram checadas em campo, conferindo-se litologias, contatos geológicos e estruturas. A interpretação dos dados aerogeofísicos permitiu também a redefinição dos limites dos batólitos São Tiago e Ritápolis difícies de serem reconhecidos apenas em trabalhos de campo. A análise integrada da aerogamaespectrometria, magnetometria, geoquímica e dados de campo forneceu novas ferramentas para traçar a extensão areal destes corpos. Os padrões estruturais dentro dos batólitos trouxeram novas idéias dos mais prováveis processos de sua origem. Três corpos plutônicos foram estudados em detalhe: Ritápolis, Cassiterita e Manuel Inácio. A principal proposta foi a comparação das assinaturas geofísicas, geoquímicas e dados geológicos destes corpos. A assinatura do Ritápolis revelou uma similaridade com os outros granitóides, tais como, Itumirim e de Itutinga. Do mesmo modo, a assinatura do corpo Cassiterita é semelhante aos plútons Tabuões e Rezende Costa. O plúton Manuel Inácio pode ser mapeado nos dados geofísicos, semelhantemente aos outros corpos máficos conhecidos na região, mas devido suas baixas razões de radioelementos não foi possível correlacionar as variações de K, eTh e U com sua mineralogia. Fiinalmente, o contraste das propriedades físicas e características geoquímicas dos corpos plutônicos do Cinturão Mineiro puderam ser comparadas com dados isotópicos e geológicos adquiridos antes desta pesquisa. A integração dos dados ilustra a geração de corpos plutônicos relacionados espacial e temporalmente , contrastando diferentes fontes genéticas
Abstract: Airborne geophysical data acquired over the Mineiro Belt in the southern portion of the São Francisco Craton, Minas Gerais, Brazil display patterns not previously identified by geological field mapping. The lack of rock exposures and connections among rock formations at surface poses problems for regional geologic mapping and interpretation, which are difficult to be surpassed. An integrated analysis of gamma-ray spectrometric, magnetic, geochemical and field geological data was conducted to map and analyse these patterns, and highlight the relationships between the principal geological units, as well as their internal structures and boundaries. Enhancement and cluster analysis of the gamma-ray spectrometry data showed their usefulness in mapping subtle compositional variations in the area, which concur with and complement available geological data. The main product is a new geological map at 1:100.000 scale that was ground-checked in other to examine lithological, structural and stratigraphic relationships. The new geological map based on geophysical data enable better definition of geological units and contribute directly to more effective and efficient geological mapping. The gamma-ray spectrometry data also allowed the boundaries definition of São Tiago and Ritapolis batoliths that have not been all recognized in fied mapping and with geochemical data. The integrated analysis of gamma-ray spectrometric, magnetic, geochemical and field geological data provided a tool to map the extent of the composicional and structural patterns within the batholits and provides insigth into the most probable processes of origin. Because the subtle differences in mineralogy is associated the radioelement zoning in the plutonic bodies of Mineiro Belt may be difficult to detect in the field, enhacement and spectral analysis of gamma ray spectrometric data by unsupervised classification were applied to detected variations that are difficult to interpret from ternary images of the K, eTh and eU grids. The main results allowed the understanding of the geophysical properties and correlation with geochemical and isotopic data. Three plutonic bodies were studied in detail: Ritapólis, Cassiterita e Manuel Inácio. The main goal was define the geophysical and geochemical signatures of these bodies and extrapolate to another areas and provide new insigths to the origin of such plutons. The Ritapolis signature reveals a similarity with the Itumirim and Itutinga granitoids, while the Cassiterita signature is well mapped at the Tabões and Rezende Costa domains. The Manuel Inacio plutonic bodie can be mapped in the airborne geophysical data as well as similar bodies known at this region, but they are poor in radioelements what difficult the mapping of subtle differences in mineralogy. Finally, the physical property contrast and geochemical characteristics of the plutonic bodies of the Mineiro Belt can be well related with isotopic and geological data acquired before this research. The data integration illustrates the generation of plutonic bodies with close spatial/temporal relationships and contrasting source regions.
Mestrado
Metalogenese
Mestre em Geociências
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Šečkus, Jonas. "Study of the south-eastern Baltic Sea development applying geological modeling methods." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090707_153325-41977.
Full textAbstract:
The main subject of the present research is the geological development of the south-eastern Baltic Sea in Holocene (11000 – 0 calendar years before the present) and prediction of its development in the future (0-1000 calendar years after the present). The present is calendar years 2000AD. The working area is estimated between longitude 18ºE - 21º30’E and latitude between 54ºN - 56º30’N including the onshore and offshore of Lithuania. The quantitative and qualitative geological information and the geological interpretation allowed the 4D modeling of the south-eastern Baltic Sea. Detailed comparison of the influence of isostatic and eustatic components has made it possible to distinguish between these two factors and to create the isostatic intensity models. Last investigations of the global sea level rise (IPCC 2001, 2007) and the model of the recent tectonic activity in the region were used for creation of the prognosis scenarios of relief development in the future. The 4D models created in this dissertation are very well understandable for specialists and for wider readership not engaged in scientific research. The results presented in the dissertation can be useful also by archaeologists and biologists. The results of the model show all the drawbacks of geological material collected so far and outline new perspectives for marine geologists, i.e. demonstrate what works should be done in the future to get more precise results.Pagrindinis tyrimų tikslas buvo atkurti pietrytinės Baltijos jūros raidą holocene (11000 – 0 kalendorinių metų iki dabar) ir atlikti jūros raidos prognozę iki 1000 metų nuo dabar. Tirtasis regionas apima Lietuvos teritoriją (tiek atviroje jūroje, tiek sausumoje), jo koordinatės yra 18ºE - 21º30’E rytų ilgumos ir 54ºN - 56º30‘N šiaurės platumos. Kokybinė ir kiekybinė geologinė informacija bei jos geologinė interpretacija leido sukurti pietrytinės Baltijos jūros raidos 4D modelius. Detalus kiekybinis eustatinių bei izostatinių vandens lygio pokyčių palyginimas leido atskirti šiuos faktorius bei nustatyti izostatinio komponento intensyvumą holoceno metu. Kiekybiškai įvertinus tektoninius judesius ir vandens lygio pokyčius buvo atlikta pietrytinės Baltijos jūros raidos prognozė. Erdviniai 4 D modeliai pateikti šiame darbe yra lengvai suprantami ne tik specialistams, tačiau ir plačiai visuomenei. Disertacijoje pateikti modeliai gali būti naudingi archeologams bei biologams, tuo pačiu geologams parodydami esančių duomenų trūkumus bei nubrėžiantys naujas perspektyvas tyrimams, kurie turėtų būti atlikti norint gauti kiek galima detalesnius rezultatus.
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Amaral, Wagner da Silva 1979. "Integração de dados aerogeofisicos e geologicos e sua contribuição a evolução geodinamica do dominio Ceará Central, Provincia Borborema." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287656.
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Orientador: Ticiano Jose Saraiva dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O avanço das tecnologias de processamento de dados aerogeofísicos e integração com dados geológicos permitem recuperar informações úteis e valiosas contidas em levantamentos geofísicos com uma tecnologia mais antiga. Essas informações representam uma ferramenta essencial ao mapeamento geológico-estrutural de terrenos Pré-Cambrianos, onde as relações estratigráficas e estruturais são difíceis de serem delineadas em trabalhos de campo. Dados aerogeofísicos adquiridos nos Projetos Rio Acaraú (1975) e Itatira (1977), realizados respectivamente nas regiões noroeste e central do Ceará, foram processados e integrados com a finalidade de gerar produtos que possam ser utilizados como ferramenta indireta na identificação de feições geológicas regionais. A verificação e aplicabilidade do método foram postas em prática com a definição de uma área piloto compreendida pelas folhas topográfica 1.100.000 Umirim e Canindé. A integração dos dados aerogeofísicos e geológicos de campo, dando suporte ao mapeamento geológico em escala 1:100.000, permitiu reconhecer duas principais unidades de mapeamento: o Arco Magmático de Santa Quitéria ¿ AMSQ e as seqüências supracrustais para e ortoderivadas que o bordejam. Do arco, foram identificados quatro tipos litológicos representados por Np1: Núcleos anatéticos; Np2: Migmatitos ortoderivados; Np3: Granitos gnáissicos porfiríticos; Np4: Gnaisses granodioríticos. Da supracrustal têm-se: a seqüência paraderivada (Ccp) constituída por seis subunidades de mapeamento, onde se destacam paragnaisses, migmatitos, micaxistos, quartzitos, cálcio silicáticas e metacalcários; e a seqüência ortoderivada (Cco) formada por oito subunidades compostas por granodioritos, leucogranitóides, migmatitos (diatexitos e metatexitos), anfibolitos, dioritos e granulitos máficos. A análise dos lineamentos estruturais da área de estudo, foi realizada com o processamento e interpretação dos produtos aeromagnéticos e do modelo digital do terreno-SRTM para a extração das grandes estruturas regionais. Os maiores lineamentos da região correspondem a zonas de cisalhamentos transcorrentes destrais representadas pelo do sistema de falhas de Paramoti (ZCP) de direção NE-SW, e as zonas de cisalhamento de baixo ângulo com vergência para E-SE no setor noroeste, e para W-NW no setor sudeste. Em termos deformacionais, o principal regime atuante na área é de natureza compressiva, responsável pela geração de foliações, lineações, dobras e zonas de cisalhamento, contendo três fases deformacionais denominadas Fn, Fn+1, Fn+2. A fase Fn é representada por empurrões com vergência aproximada para E-SE no setor NW e para W-NW no setor SE. A fase Fn+1, de natureza transpressional, marca o desenvolvimento de zonas de cisalhamento de direção aproximada NE-SW. E por fim, a fase Fn+2 relaciona-se à exumação e conseqüente tectônica frágil das rochas supracrustais. As rochas do arco magmático de Santa Quitéria foram caracterizadas por apresentarem altas contagens no canal de K em quase toda região de abrangência e contagens intermediárias e baixas de Th e U. De modo geral, a seqüência supracrustal foi caracterizada por apresentar alta contribuição dos canais de U e Th e baixa de K. As subunidades Migmatitos anfibolíticos e Metaultramáficas (Cco3) e Hornblenda gnaisses migmatíticos, granulitos máficos (Cco4), compostas por rochas máficas/metaultramáficas e anfibolíticas, onde se destaca a ocorrência faixas de retro-eclogitos e granulitos máficos encaixados como lentes em gnaisses e migmatitos apresentam fortes anomalias negativas, com baixas contagens nos três canais K-Th-U. A anomalia mais proeminente com esses registros encontra-se na região central da área, a sul do município de Pentecoste. Na magnetometria essas rochas têm anomalias positivas com altos valores de susceptibilidade magnética
Abstract: Advances in airborne geophysical data processing techniques and their integration with geologic data allow recovering valuable information from both geophysical surveys and, the older technology. These information represent an essential tool for geologic-structural mapping of Pre-Cambrian terrains, where the stratigraphic and structural relations are difficult to be delineated in field works. The airborne geophysical data from Rio Acaraú (1975) and Itatira (1977) projects were carried out through respectively, in the northwest and central regions of the State of the Ceará. Their processing produced products useful to indirectly identify regional geologic features. The verification and applicability of this approach was tested in an pilot-area whose limits are within the Umirim and Canindé topographic sheets, at 1: 100,000 scale. The integration between the airborne geophysical and the geologic field data supported to the geologic mapping at the same cited scale. Two main units were recognized: the Santa Quitéria Magmatic Arc - AMSQ and the para-and-orthoderivative supracrustal sequences that surround the arc. The AMSQ has four major lithologies: Np1 with anatetic granites; Np2: orthoderivated migmatites; Np3: porfiritic gneissic granites; Np4: granodioritic gneisses. The paraderivative supracrustal sequence (Ccp) consists of six mapped subunits, the paragneisses, marbles migmatites, mica-schists, quartzites and, calk-silicated rocks. The ortoderivative sequence (Cco) is formed by eight subunits, the granodiorites, leucogranitoids, mafic migmatites (diatexites and, metatexites), amphibolites, diorites and, granulites. The structural lineaments analysis at regional scale was done after the processing and interpretation of the airborne magnetic products and, the digital elevation model derived from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission-SRTM. The major lineaments correspond to the dextral transcurrent Paramoti Shear Zone (ZCP) of NE-SW direction and, to low angle shear zones with E-SE thrustdirection at the Northwestern sector and, another shear zone facing to W-NW direction at the Southeastern sector. About the deformation history, the main operating regime was compressive and, responsible for foliation, lineation, folds and shear zones.This history comprises three deformational phases called Fn, Fn+1, Fn+2. The Fn phase is represented by thrust toward E-SE in the Northwestern sector and towards W-NW direction at the Southeastern sector. The Fn+1 phase, of transpressional nature, marks the development of shear zones with NE-SW direction. Finally, the Fn+2 phase is related to the exhumation and consequently ruptile tectonics of the supracrustal rocks. The rocks from Santa Quitéria magmatic arc are characterized by high counting on the K-channel in its almost entire region and intermediate and low counting of Th and U. Generally, the supracrustal sequences are characterized by high values on the U-and-Th-channels and low on K-channel. The subunit Metaultramafics (Cco3) and Hornblendgnaisses and, mafics granulites (Cco4), are remarkable by the occurrence retro-eclogites bands and mafic granulites as lenses within gneisses and migmatites. These subunits present strong negative anomalies, with low counting on the three K, Th and, U channels. The best example for this negative anomalies are in the central region of the area, at south of Pentecostes city. That area also has positive magnetic anomalies, with high values of magnetic susceptibility
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências
43
Larsson, Magnus, and Martha Toftgård. "Förorenad mark 20 år efter åtgärd : Undersökning av ytvattenkemi i Bersbo gruvområde." Thesis, Linköping University, The Tema Institute, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12212.
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Gruvdrift ger upphov till stora mängder avfall, vilket medför att metaller sprids från det deponerade avfallet till kringliggande mark och vattendrag. Flera metaller är naturliga komponenter i ekosystemen och många är essentiella näringsämnen. Metaller kan dock innebära en belastning då de i höga koncentrationer är toxiska för levande organismer. Läckaget av metaller från gruvavfall kan fördröjas genom täckning av deponierna.
Bersbo gruvområde i Åtvidaberg var ett pilotprojekt för en nationell satsning som ägde rum på 1980-talet, vilken syftade till att åtgärda gamla nedlagda sulfidmalmsgruvor. Flertalet studier har utförts i området för att utreda föroreningssituationen i Bersbo. Ytvattenprover insamlades före, under och efter åtgärden. Trots en minskning av metallkoncentrationer i vattnet i området har det i tidigare studier konstaterats att metalläckaget från Bersbo överstiger läckaget från samtliga övriga gruvor i Östergötland.
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka metalläckaget i ytvattnet i anslutning till de täckta deponierna i Bersbo cirka tjugo år efter att åtgärden utfördes. Provtagning av ytvatten har genomförts och vattnet har analyserats med avseende på pH, konduktivitet, kadmium, koppar, järn och zink. En statistisk jämförelse har utförts mellan data från tidsperioden 1992-1998 och data som har erhållits i studien. Resultatet påvisar minskade metallkoncentrationer i området kring deponierna men halterna vid Storgruveupplaget är fortfarande höga i jämförelse med bakgrundsvärdena. I ett dike vid Storgruveupplaget, som inte förväntades vara påverkad av avfallet, påvisades även där höga metallkoncentrationer i jämförelse med bakgrundsvärdena. Dessutom observerades en minskning av pH-värdena nedströms samma upplag. Vid provpunkterna som omgärdar Steffenburgsupplaget observerades en ökning av pH-värdena samt oförändrade eller minskade metallkoncentrationer.
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Meinhardt-Degen, Jeannine. "Geologisch-mineralogische und materialtechnische Untersuchungen zur Risikoabschätzung von Folgekonservierungen bei Sandsteinen am Beispiel von Regensburger Grünsandstein und Grünem Mainsandstein." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-55114.
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Bendelak, Marcelo Russo. "Integração de dados geologicos, Landsat e aerogeofisico no estudo das mineralizações aurifera da região de Lavras da Mangabeira, Ceara." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287496.
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Orientador: Alvaro Penteado CrostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: São conhecidas mineralizações de ouro, que ocorrem associadas a zonas de cisalhamento e cortam as rochas do Paleoproterozóico no Estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. O posicionamento geológico regional destas ocorrências não está bem esclarecido e os mapeamentos geológicos disponíveis para área estão em escalas de 1 :250,000 ai: 1 00,000. Este projeto teve como enfoque principal, a região de Lavras Mangabeira onde duas das ocorrências de ouro são conhecidas, nas localidades de Fortuna e Outeiros, ambos em zonas miloníticas. A ocorrência de Fortuna está associada à veios de quartzo com pirita, encaixados em sericita-quartzo-xistos. A ocorrência de Outeiros está associada com veios de quartzo em paragnaisses, associados a falhas transcorrentes. Dados geológicos regionais disponíveis para esta área, incluem mapas geológicos em escala 1: 100,000 e 1 :250,000, mapa metalogenéticos produzidos pela CPRM, dados aerogeofísicos do Projeto 19uatu, ( gamaespectrometria e magnetometria ), e dados de sensoriamento remoto multiespectral do satélite Landsat Tematic Mapper (orbita/ponto 216/65 e 217/65). O objetivo deste projeto era o de fazer uma análise integrada destes dados para exploração de ouro e procurar evidências de áreas potenciais. Para alcançar estes objetivos, informações texturais e litológicas foram extraídas de imagens Landsat/TM, como também informações espectrais relacionadas à ocorrência de alteração de hidrotermal afetando as rochas da área. Dados gamaespectrométricos forneceram informações sobre a variação composicional das rochas e definiram assim as principais litologias e unidades tectônicas. Dados magnetométricos foram utilizados para definir as principais características estruturais da região, pela análise de lineamentos magnéticos. A informação obtida através destes dados, foi integrada utilizando métodos digitais, que permitiram uma avaliação do uso combinado deles e caracterizar áreas de maior potencial para mineralizações auríferas na região de Lavras de Mangabeira, na forma de um mapa digital integrado
Abstract: Gold mineralization is known to occur associated with shear zones cutting Early Proterozoic rocks in Ceará State, Northern Brazil. The regional geologic setting of these occurences is not well established and the only available geologic mapping is generally at a scale of 1 :250,000 to 1:100,000.This project foeus on the region of Lavras da Mangabeira, where two of these gold occurrences are known, at places named Fortuna and Outeiros, both in milonitic zones. The Fortuna occurrence is associated with quartz veins with pyrite, hosted by serieite-quartz sehists. The Outeiros occurrenee is associated with quartz veins in paragneiss, along a strike-slip fault. A vailable regional geologieal data for this area include 1: 1 00,000 geologie maps and 1 :250,000 metallogenetie map produced by CPRM, airborne geophysics of the 19uatu Project, including gammaspectrometry and magnetometry, and Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral remote sensing data (pathlrow 216/65 and 217/65). The objective of this project was to carry out an integrated analysis of these data for gold exploration, looking for evidences of potential areas. To pursue this objective, textural and lithologic information was extracted from Landsat/TM, as well as spectral information related to the occurrence of hydrothermal alteration of feeting the rocks. Gamma-ray data provided information on the compositional variation of the rocks, thus defining the main lithologieal and tectonic units. Magnetie data was used to define the main structural features of the region, through the analysis of magnetic lineaments. The information obtained from this dataset was then integrated using digital methods, allowing an assesment of their combined use and characterizing areas of greater potential in the Lavras da Mangabeira region, presented as an integrated digital ma
Mestrado
Metalogenese
Mestre em Geociências
46
Souza, Filho Oderson Antonio de. "Dados aerogeofisicos e geologicos aplicados a seleção de areas favoraveis para agua subterranea no dominio cristalino do Ceara, Brasil." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287416.
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Orientadores: Adalene Moreira Silva, Monica Mazzini Perrota, Anne Elizabeth McCaffertyTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Os métodos usuais de locação de poços tubulares para água subterrânea no Nordeste do Brasil baseiam-se na identificação de estruturas permissivas através de fotointerpretações e caminhamentos geofísicos eletromagnéticos indutivos e eletrorresistivos em áreas de pouca extensão. Os resultados alcançados por esses métodos mostram uma grande variabilidade na produtividade de poços. Esta tese privilegia a utilização das geotecnologias, notadamente os levantamentos aerogeofísicos e modelagens espaciais para mapear regiões favoráveis para água subterrânea e a sua qualidade numa área do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. O conjunto de dados compreende levantamento aerogeofísico local e regional, imagens do sensor multiespectral ETM+/Landsat-7 e dados de campo. O desenvolvimento da tese teve três etapas: o processamento dos dados aerogeofísicos magnéticos, eletromagnéticos e radiométricos; a abordagem geoestatística objetivando o zoneamento da condutividade elétrica da água subterrânea e; a modelagem de propriedades geofísicas associadas a poços de alta e baixa vazão. O processamento aerogeofísico realçou estruturas compatíveis com a pesquisa hídrica até 250 m de profundidade. Gradientes magnéticos anômalos lineares e rasos, porém contínuos abaixo de 400 m, foram diferenciados das anomalias superficiais através da integração entre os aerolevantamentos. Inversões dos dados eletromagnéticos indicam que a camada de solo é bastante condutiva e o substrato rochoso é resistivo após 15 m deprofundidade, dificultando a detecção de estruturas mais profundas. As técnicas de krigagem e simulação estocástica foram aplicadas às medidas de condutividade elétrica nos poços tubulares (variável principal) e aos dados aerogeofísicos de condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (variável externa) para gerar um mapa de condutividade elétrica da água subterrânea. A informação aerogeofísica de alta resolução auxiliou na simulação da variabilidade da condutividade elétrica da água. Testes de validação comparando valores calculados com medidas em novos poços confirmaram a competência destes modelos em caracterizar a qualidade das águas subterrâneas em rochas cristalinas. As técnicas de análise espacial por razão de probabilidades e pesos de evidências compararam valores de cada propriedade geofísica, lineamentos estruturais e dados multiespectrais a poços de diferentes vazões. Os modelos obtidos mostram que os poços mais produtivos estão associados ao substrato rochoso não-magnético, eletricamente condutivo, cortado por gradientes não-magnéticos WNW-ESE, lineamentos estruturais e por gradientes condutivos N-S. Dados de campo comprovaram a natureza rúptil extensional das estruturas WNW-ESE e N-S. As propriedades do solo, interpretadas através de dados radiométricos (teor de potássio maior do que urânio) e dos dados multiespectrais (conteúdo relativo de minerais de óxido de ferro e argilo-minerais) indicam uma associação de poços mais produtivos com solos de fração grosseira predominando sobre a componente mais fina e os argilo-minerais prevalecem como produtos de alteração em relação aos minerais de óxido de ferro.
Abstract: The location of water well in Northeast Brazil is usually based on the interpretation of structural lineaments in aerial-photographs and electromagnetic and electrical resistivity ground geophysics surveys. However, the success of these techniques is variable, and the small coverage area is another limitation. This Thesis favors a different approach, the use of airborne geophysical surveys and spatial modeling to map groundwater potential and quality in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The data sets comprise a local helicopter survey, a regional airborne survey as well as multispectral images from the Enhanced thematic Mapper sensor (ETM+)/Landsat-7 and field data. The thesis was developed in three stages: i) the processing of airborne magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric data; ii) a geostatistical modeling to produce groundwater electrical conductivity maps, and; iii) groundwater favorability modeling based on the association of high- and low-yield wells and geophysical, structural and spectral properties. The magnetic anomaly data were filtered using the regional and local survey to enhance through-going structures whose gradients crosscut rocks below 400 m depth. The helicopter electromagnetic data (HEM) were processed so that shallow (up to 15 m depth) conductive structures and lithologic units were enhanced. Inversion modeling applied to electromagnetic data unveiled a conductive soil horizon over a resistive bedrock at depths greater than 15 m which restricts the detection of deeper conductive anomalies. The regional radiometric data together with ETM+ images characterized the soil texture and relative contents of Fe-oxide/clay-mineral/vegetation density ratios. Structural data were interpreted from aerialphotographs and from ETM+/Landsat-7 data. Kriging and stochastic simulation techniques were applied to electrical conductivity data from water-wells to generate a groundwater electrical conductivity map. The HEM data were used as an external variable to characterize the variability of groundwater electrical conductivity associated with crystalline aquifers. Validation tests comparing predicted values with measurements in new wells confirmed the competence of these models in locating fresh groundwater sources in bedrock. The probability ratio and weights of evidence techniques quantitatively described the association of each value of magnetization, electrical conductivity, geophysical gradients, structural lineaments, radiometric data and multiespectral data to different well yields. The groundwater favorability models imply the existence of structural lineaments in an E-W direction, with non-magnetic properties, which are pervasive below 250 m depth but conductive from up to 15 m below the surface. The E-W lineaments are cut by conductive N-S structures. Field data confirm that the geophysical trends are extensional brittle structures. High yield classes are more associated with coarse-grained soils (high potassium, medium thorium and uranium) where alteration minerals are predominantly clay-minerals as opposed to Fe-oxide minerals.
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutor em Ciências
47
Couturier, Bernard. "Les études géologiques dans les projets de barrages." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785561.
Full textAbstract:
Description des modalites d'intervention du géologue aux différents stades d'études des grands et petits barrages : nombreux cas étudiés : 36 grands barrages et 135 ouvrages collinaires. Les causes d'abandon de certians sites sont étudiées et ainsi est mis en valeur l'importance du diagnostic géologique pour ce type d'aménagments hydrauliques . Le cas particulier d'un barrage en terrain granitique est analysé dans le détail afin de montrer la réalité du traitement par injection de sa fondation rocheuse, à la fois très altérée et saine et les informations prévisionnelles que l'on pouvait en tirer.
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Aronsson, Johanna. "Användning av tredimensionell geologisk modellering i hydrogeologiska utredningar : En fallstudie inför anläggandet av ett akviferlager i Brunkebergsåsen i Stockholm." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118515.
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Akviferlager är en form av geoenergi där solenergi lagrad i grundvattnet används för att värma och kyla byggnader. Inför anläggandet av ett akviferlager är det viktigt med grundläggande geologiska och hydrogeologiska utredningar för att säkerställa funktion och kapacitet hos akviferlagret, samt minimera eventuell miljöpåverkan. I denna studie utvecklas en tredimensionell geologisk modell för att öka kunskapen om rullstensåsens geologiska uppbyggnad samt bedöma hur geologin kan komma att påverka det planerade akviferlagret. För att undersöka vilken påverkan manuella justeringar och tolkningar av geologin har, togs två geologiska modeller fram för jämförelse. Utifrån de geologiska modellerna uppskattades effektiv hydraulisk konduktivitet för åsen, d.v.s. sammanlagd konduktivitet för hela akviferens mäktighet, samt transporttid mellan akviferlagrets brunnspoler. Studien visar att akviferen består av sammanhängande jordlager med hög hydraulisk konduktivitet. Beroende på tolkningar och justeringar i modelleringsprocessen visar de två olika modellerna på skillnader vad gäller jordlagrens utbredning och mäktighet. Detta medför skillnader i effektiv hydraulisk konduktivitet mellan modellerna, vilket resulterar i relativt stora skillnader vad gäller transporttider mellan brunnspolerna. Tredimensionella geologiska modeller bedöms bidra till förbättrade hydrogeologiska utredningar då det är ett enkelt och effektivt sätt att bygga upp ett områdes geologi för översikt, tolkning och vidare studier i form av exempelvis grundvattenmodellering.
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Osako, Liliana Sayuri. "Estudo do potencial mineral do deposito uranifero de Lagoa Real, BA, com base em dados geologicos, aerogeofisicos e de sensoriamento remoto." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287325.
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Orientadores: Gilberto Amaral, Raimundo de Almeida FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A análise integrada de informações geológicas, aerogeofisicas e do Landsat-5/TM permitiu a obtenção de uma grande quantidade de dados adicionais à geologia regional e ao controle da mineralização uranífera na região de Lagoa Real. Esta região possui a segunda maior jazida de urânio do país, na qual a concentração uranífera ocorre associada aos corpos albitíticos do Complexo Granito-Gnáissico Lagoa Real de idade Mesoproterozóica, inserido no Bloco Paramirim do Cráton do São Francisco. Os dados aerogamaespectrométricos mostraram-se eficazes na detecção direta de áreas potencialmente radioativas, permitindo a delimitação espacial de áreas anômalas daquelas não-anômalas. Os dados magnéticos destacaram feições estruturais regionais com direções: 30°, 70°, 170°, 0° e 140°, estas duas últimas direções ocorrem associadas à zona de cisalhamento dúctil. As imagens do Landsat-5/TM obtidas no início da época da seca, realçaram a resposta espectral da vegetação do tipo cerrado, que recobre as rochas do Complexo Granito-Gnáissico Lagoa Real. Os solos residuais (óxidos hidróxidos de ferro e argilominerais) não apresentaram correlação com os corpos albitíticos devido a intensa alteração intempérica observada na área de estudo. A análise estatística dos lineamentos extraídos nas imagens Landsat-5/TM, destacou direções estruturais de forma muito dispersa. A comparação entre as feições lineares magnéticas e os lineamentos das imagens do Landsat-5/TM permitiu a discriminação das principais direções estruturais
Abstract: Integrated analysis of available geological, geophysical and remote sensing data for the Lagoa Real District yielded a large amount of additional data regarding regional geology and ore controI. This district is Brazil's second largest uranium reserve, associated with albitite lenses enc1osed in Mesoproterozoic granitic rocks within the Paramirim block, at the southem portion of the São Francisco Craton. Airbome gammaspectrometry data were useful for delineating known and probable uranium ano malie s. Magnetic data were useful for extraction of regional structural information, indicating discontinuities in the 30°, 70°, 170°, 0° and 140° azimuths, the last two being the main directions of the albitite lens, associated with a regional ductile flexure. Landsat 5 - TM image for the beginning of the dry season enhanced mainly vegetation (savanna type) differences which could be associated to the main lithologic units. Residual soil (c1ay and iron oxides and hydroxides) presented almost no difference due to the widespread lateritic weathering. Landsat lineament statistical analysis was disturbed by random directions. However, comparison with magnetic linear features allowed discrimination ofthe main structural directions
Mestrado
Metalogenese
Mestre em Geociências
50
Castro, Neivaldo Araujo de. "Contribuição ao conhecimento geologico-metalogenetico associado aos granitoides intrusivos no grupo Brusque (SC) combase em informações geologicas, aerogamaespectrometricas e LANDSAT/TM-5." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287423.
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Orientadores: Alvaro Penteado Crosta, Francisco Jose Fonseca Ferreira, Elisabete Maria PascholatiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Este trabalho procura contribuir para o avanço no conhecimento geológico-metalogenético dos granitóides intrusivos no Grupo Brusque (GIGB), Estado de Santa Catarina. Para isso utilizou-se informações geológicas disponíveis sobre a região, informações petrográficas e geoquímicas, dados aerogeofísicos e de sensoriamento remoto. As informações geológicas indicaram que os GIGB são polarizados entre os domínios sul e norte da área estudada. No domínio Sul os granitóides foram gerados sob influência crustal, ocorrendo biotita a muscovita-granitóides cinza-esbranquiçados, a partir de magmas mais redutores. Nesse domínio são encontradas ocorrências e concentrações econômicas de Sn, Mo e W. A ocorrência de gnaisses e migmatitos associados aos granitóides destes domínio, assim como a caracterização destes como transicionais entre granitóides tipos I, S e A, atestam seu caráter evoluído. No domínio Norte ocorrem hornblenda granitóides ricos em K-feldspato róseos, denotando condições mais oxidantes, com predomínio de ocorrências de Au e W. Uma possível fonte para essas rochas seriam os gnaisses granulíticos básicos do Cráton Luis Alves, situado a norte. Os dados aerogamaespectrométricos, transformados para grids e processados na forma de imagens digitais, contribuiram para o detalhamento da geologia da região. Esses dados apresentaram contudo um forte ruído quando do levantamento original, tendo sido necessário realizar o pré-processamento dos mesmos para minimização desse ruído, o que os tornou passíveis de serem interpretadas em relação à geologia. As imagens LANDSAT/TM-5 foram utilizadas para uma interpretação das estruturas, tendo fornecido informações importantes sobre elementos estruturais tais como fraturamentos, falhamentos e veios mineralizados. A correlação direcional destas estruturas com as direções encontradas em mapas de lineamentos atestaram a importância da utilização das imagens de sensoriamento remoto na região de estudo
Abstract: This work seeks to contribute for the geologic-metallogenetic knowledge of the intrusive granitoids of the Brusque Group (GIGB), Santa Catarina State. Available geologic information were used in conjunction with petrographic and geochemical information and with aerogeophysical and remote sensing data. Geologic information indicated the GIGB are polarized between a northem and a southem domains in the study region. In the southem domain, grey/white biotite-muscovite granitoids were generated under crustal influence from reduced magmas. In this domain occurrences of Sn, Mo and W are found. The occurrence of gneisses and migmatites associated to the granitoids of this domain, as well as their characterization as transitional between types I, S and A, indicates their evoluted character. The occurrence of K-feldspar homblende granitoids are characteristic of the northern domain, representing more oxidizing conditions, as well as Au and W occurrences. A possible source for the rocks of the northern domain are the granulitic gneisses of the Luis Alves Craton, located to the north. Aerogammaespectrometry data, transformed into grids and processed as digital images, contributed for detailing the geology of the study region. These data showed a strong noise and it was necessary to apply pre-processing techniques to minimize the problem, making it possible to interpret the data in relation to the known geology. LANDSA T/TM-5 data were used for structural interpretation, providing important information about the structural elements of the area, such as fractures, faults and mineralized veins. Correlation between these structures and the directions obtained from lineament maps showed the importance of using remote sensing imagery in the study region
Mestrado
Metalogenese e Geoquimica
Mestre em Geociências