Academic literature on the topic 'Geological inspection'
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Journal articles on the topic "Geological inspection"
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Wang, Yu, chuang-sheng Wu, and Zongying Shu. "Application and Research of Geologic Radar in Groundwater Disease of Tunnel Engineering Inspection." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101063.
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As a kind of underground lineament building, the tunnel inevitably will pass through different hydrology geology in construction process and thus form a catchment corridor which usually occurs in most of tunnels. Pour water and waterlogging is a common geological disaster and the main disease both in the construction tunnels and operation tunnels. So it is urgent for us to carry through the research on the geological disaster of groundwater. The Inspecting and controlling measures against the ground water geological disaster are also needed. In this paper, Geologic Radar is applied to tunnel engineering quality inspection to detect some quality problems possibly caused by groundwater. In order to diagnose the disease degree of operation tunnels and to estimate tunnel’s security condition, this paper analyzes the causes of bugs existing behind the tunnel lining, expounds the theory and method of making non-destructive test on tunnel lining quality by using Geological Radar. By processing and analyzing field data, the following functions can be performed, such as detecting the thickness of concrete lining accurately, determining the distribution position and quantities of rebar and grid steel, searching existed cavity and uncompacted area behind the lining especially lining arch top. We also apply the method of morphology to the extraction of liner image feature. We get the liner boundary line and waterlogging area more intuitively by wavelet analysis, and find the anomalous point in the liner. It has been proved that Geologic Radar is a feasible method to inspect the structure of tunnel concrete lining. Adopting hole-drilling method to make verifications with detecting results of geological radar, the results of the two kinds of methods do not have big difference.
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Chen, Pengchao, Rui Li, Guangming Jia, Hao Lan, Kuan Fu, and Xiaoben Liu. "A Decade Review of the Art of Inspection and Monitoring Technologies for Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Areas." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041751.
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Long-distance oil and gas pipelines buried in permafrost areas will inevitably encounter typical geological disasters, such as frost heave and thaw settlement and sliding, which easily cause pipeline displacement, bending, or deformation. When there are certain defects in the pipeline, additional complex, external stress will further lead to the failure of the pipeline or weld and can even lead to serious accidents such as pipeline leakage, pipe burst, or fracture. This paper introduces in detail the typical defects and risks of buried pipelines in permafrost areas and summarizes the in-line inspection technologies, off-line inspection technologies, and integrated monitoring systems for pipelines in the pipeline industry. Regarding pipelines in permafrost areas, in-line inspection methods may be employed. These include magnetic flux leakage, electromagnetic eddy current, ultrasonic, IMU, and electromagnetic acoustic transducer inspections. Off-line inspection is also one of the important means of inspecting a pipeline in a permafrost area. Indirect inspection is combined with verification by direct inspection to check and evaluate the integrity of the anticorrosive coating and the effectiveness of the cathodic protection for the pipeline. Meanwhile, considering the external environment of a pipeline in a permafrost area, a monitoring system should be developed and established. This paper discusses and projects the future development of related technologies, which provides reference for the construction and operation of pipelines in permafrost areas.
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Wang, Yu, Zongying Shu, Tianrong Huang, Yongyu Li, and Shihua Wang. "Underground Structure Inspection in Geological Groundwater Environment Base on Geologic Radar Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123601046.
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How to accurately detect the anti-slide pile and the surrounding rock hole is the key to the correct application of the concrete quality treatment method, at the same time, it can ensure the control effect to a certain extent, and make the treatment project more economical and effective. The presence of water in the reinforced concrete layer, coupled with the void shape, and the irregular nature of the water in the hole, may be filled with air, mud, soil and other media factors, so there is considerable complexity. The number of abnormal bodies in the contrast enhancement diagram increases significantly, which is helpful for us to observe the loose area of anti-slide pile. We can find the pixel value corresponding to the feature by detecting the abnormal data of the pile one by one.
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Dong, Zheng, Xuhui Zhang, Wenjuan Yang, Mengyu Lei, Chao Zhang, Jicheng Wan, and Lei Han. "Automatic Cutting Speed Control System of Boom-Type Roadheader Based on Geological Strength Index." Minerals 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121582.
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The boom-type roadheader is the foremost mining equipment in coal mines. At present, the automatic cutting technology is still immature for adjusting cutting speed automatically in accordance with rock strength, resulting in energy dissipation. In this study, we put forward a method with respect to detecting the geological strength index of coal seam profile through visual inspection, as well as characterize the geological strength index and control the cutting head for adjusting speed automatically based on inspecting fracture features on coal rock’s surface, aiming at achieving energy conservation control of boom-type roadheader. The image processing algorithm is adopted for detecting joint characteristics of palisades fracture, and a quantitative model of the geological strength index is established. The fractal dimension is used to obtain the distribution of geological strength indicators of a coal seam, and the heading machine’s cutting head is controlled for adjusting speed automatically. A vision control platform of boom-type roadheader is built in the laboratory to perform ground simulation experiments. According to experimental results, the difference between the geological strength index of the coal seam detected through visual inspection and the set value in the geological strength index chart is up to 3.5%, and the results are basically consistent, so the quantification of geological strength index can be performed rapidly and effectively. The average energy consumption of boom-type roadheader decreases by 5.4% after adopting self-adaptation control, realizing energy conservation and consumption reduction as well as intelligent control of coal mine machinery.
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Popelka, Stanislav, and Jiří Komínek. "Visual Inspection of Geological Maps: an eye-tracking Study." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-22-2020.
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Abstract. The paper describes the analysis of a visual inspection of paper geological maps by three groups of participants: geologists (GEOL), geographers (GEO) and geoinformaticians (GIS). The aim of the study was to identify the differences in how different groups of participants visually inspected geological maps.Geological maps show the distribution of different types of rock at the earth’s surface and are a fundamental tool for geologists. Geology as a distinct discipline is relatively young, and its origins date to the eighteenth century. In recent years, this otherwise relatively stable field has begun to incorporate new technology into its tools and methods. No study as yet has been published to assess geological maps using eye-tracking or cognitive cartography.Eye-tracking glasses SMI Eye Tracking Glasses 2 with a recording frequency of 60 Hz were used to record the eye-movements of participants during the experiment. Two maps at a scale of 1 : 25 000 produced by the Czech Geological Survey were used for the eye-tracking experiment. In the first part of the experiment, free viewing was analyzed. In the second part, participants solved six tasks with a map. The tasks were selected based on consultation with employees of the Czech Geological Survey.In the free viewing section, noticeable differences between groups were observed. The free viewing section revealed that the geoinformaticians group concentrated much less on the map itself and spent more time on the surrounding elements. The geographers and geologists mainly focused on the map field. The second part of the experiment comprised six tasks.The first task was the simplest and involved finding the coordinate system used in the map. The task caused no problems in any group, and completion times were balanced. The GIS group demonstrated the greatest experience in reading maps and was also the quickest to solve the task. The second task was to identify the geological units depicted in the map. The correct answer could be obtained either from the legend or by using the scheme of geological units. No statistically significant differences in time between the groups were recorded. In the third task, respondents were required to identify and mark the boundary between two geological units found in the previous task. The group of geologists was quickest to solve this task, and all other respondents found a solution with no great difficulty. The fourth task was to identify the predominant rock and determine its type according to the legend. The results suggest that ten respondents from GEO and GIS groups who concentrated on the lithostratigraphic scheme did not know where to look for the correct answer. In the fifth task, participants were required to mark an area with multiple landslides. The aim in this task was to find the landslide symbol in the legend and then identify the landslide area on the map. The differences between groups were most apparent in this task. The geologists were significantly quicker in finding the symbol in the legend. The other groups needed a much longer time to identify the symbol in the legend. In the final task, respondents were instructed to identify the predominant rock in the area with the highest amplitude of geomagnetic anomalies. To solve this task, using the diagram in the section at the bottom left was necessary. The GEOL group spent the least amount of time completing this task, indicating the respondents’ knowledge. The experiment and subsequent interviews revealed a different color reading strategy. When identifying a rock, the GEOL group compared colors mainly for quick orientation. However, the decisive factor for identification was the index, which was given for the rock in the map and legend.To conclude, the geologists group was quickest in solving the tasks and recorded the least wrong answers. The GIS and GEO groups achieved similar results in the experiment.
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Tang, Min An, Yu Wang, and Bao Ling Sun. "Application and Research of Geologic Radar in Groundwater Disease of Tunnel Engineering Inspection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1167.
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In order to diagnose the disease degree of operation tunnels and to estimate tunnel's security condition, this paper analyzes the causes of bugs existing behind the tunnel lining, expounds the theory and method of making non-destructive test on tunnel lining quality by using Geological Radar. By processing and analyzing field data, the following functions can be performed, such as detecting the thickness of concrete lining accurately, determining the distribution position and quantities of rebar and grid steel, searching existed cavity and uncompacted area behind the lining especially lining arch top. We also apply the method of morphology to the extraction of liner image feature. We get the liner boundary line and waterlogging area more intuitively by wavelet analysis, and find the anomalous point in the liner. It has been proved that Geologic Radar is a feasible method to inspect the structure of tunnel concrete lining. A dopting hole-drilling method to make verifications with detecting results of geological radar, the results of the two kinds of methods have not big difference.
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Xu, Binbin. "Quality inspection method of layered compacted subgrade and engineering example analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 03068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124803068.
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The effective detection of layered roller compacted subgrade quality is the key of road engineering quality control. The traditional sand filling compaction method belongs to random sampling point detection method, and it is not easy to detect the subgrade compaction condition below the sand filling pit. Based on the summary of the current domestic and foreign subgrade detection technology, this paper innovatively combines the geological radar method with sand filling method, and through the fixed point detection method. The results show that the traditional sand filling method can directly and quantitatively reflect the compactness of sampling points, while the geological radar can realize the continuous detection, and can judge the compaction layer from the loose state to the interlaminar line after compaction through the geological radar image At the same time, the GPR can identify the under compacted area in the subgrade compaction layer and reflect the overall compaction effect of the subgrade. The detection method of combining the GPR method and sand filling method has obvious technical advantages in the subgrade quality detection.
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Wang, Gan Jun, Bo Chen, Yi Jiang Wu, and Zi Ping Peng. "Field Investigation and Assessment on Base Conditions of a Transmission Tower in Coastal Mound Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.716.
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The field investigation and assessment on base conditions of a transmission tower in coastal mound areas is actively carried out in this study. A transmission tower constructed in the southern areas of China is taken as example to examine the geological characteristics. The detailed geological investigation and field inspection were performance for the safety assessment of the tower-foundation system. The geological investigation was carried out based on the Chinese specifications and codes by taking into consideration many factors, such as the base terrain, topographical features, traffic conditions and etc. Testing types and sample numbers of the geological investigation includes the geological exploration, drilling, geotechnical sampling, in situ testing and setting-out measurement.
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Aleksandrov, Vadim, Marsel Kadyrov, Andrey Ponomarev, Denis Drugov, and Mikhail Zavatskij. "Refinement of the Geologic Structure of the Ozernoye Field for Improving the Development Efficiency." Key Engineering Materials 785 (October 2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.785.40.
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The Ozernoye field is a unique geological object. The primary geological and geophysical materials obtained during its inspection allow coming close to developing universal methods for carbon-containing field logging, which can be extended to other geological objects. The research objective is to forecast the development of reservoir units in undeveloped parts, determine the expected parameters of their class, the maximum total net reservoirs and the number of sandy formations, carry out their indexation and detailed paleogeographic reconstructions of the inspected area. Using the paleogeographic methods, retrospective reconstructions of sedimentation accumulations were performed. The facies analysis of sediments made it possible to elucidate the reservoir unit genesis.
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Zhang, Qing, and Wan Li Pu. "Crack Survey and Cause Analysis of a Complex in Huatugou of Qaidam Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1102.
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Huatugou in Qaidam Basin is a saline soil area with special geological condition, and there has special climatic conditions. The buildings appear serious cracks and inclined in this area. This article uses the investigation and inspection which we collect to analyze the present situation for the buildings. Explain why this situation happened and put forward some treatments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geological inspection"
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Baccani, Guglielmo. "Development, testing and application to real case studies of a three-dimensional tomographic technique based on muon transmission radiography." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1239075.
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(ENGLISH)
This thesis work is part of the field of muon transmission radiography (or transmission muography). This technique has benefited from the technological developments of recent decades and, by exploiting the penetration capacity of cosmic ray muons, it allows to carry out radiographs of large targets (volcanoes, pyramids, mines, engineering works, etc.) which measure their opacity, defined as the product of the average density times the thickness of the material. The goal of the work is to combine some muography measurements to create a tomographic reconstruction test of a portion of the Temperino mine (in Campiglia Marittima). Referring to some well-known tunnels, the work made it possible to develop the tomographic technique and algorithms, also managing to confirm the presence of further ancient excavations (Etruscan or medieval) which are currently not accessible.
(ITALIANO)
Questo lavoro si inserisce nel campo della radiografia muonica (o muografia) per trasmissione. Tale tecnica sfruttando la capacità di penetrazione dei muoni dei raggi cosmici, permette di effettuare delle radiografie di target di grandi dimensioni (vulcani, piramidi, miniere, opere ingegneristiche, etc.) misurandone l’opacità, definita come il prodotto della densità media per lo spessore del materiale. L’obiettivo del lavoro è quello di combinare alcune misure di muografia per realizzare un test di ricostruzione tomografica di una porzione della miniera del Temperino (a Campiglia Marittima). Facendo riferimento ad alcuni cunicoli noti, il lavoro ha permesso di sviluppare la tecnica e gli algoritmi tomografici riuscendo anche a confermare la presenza di ulteriori scavi antichi (etruschi o medievali) ad oggi non accessibili.
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Alves, Luana Afonso. "Estudos geotécnicos de rochas, fundações e taludes - casos de estudo." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94054.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Geológica e de Minas apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaA presente dissertação, que foi realizada para a obtenção de grau de Mestre em Engenharia Geológica e de Minas, está enquadrada na abordagem de investigação e de aplicação de conhecimentos que a autora desenvolveu durante o último ano, relativos à caracterização geotécnica de materiais rochosos, ao estudo de terrenos de fundações e à inspeção de taludes. Em particular, este trabalho pretende que a autora ganhe competências no mundo laboral, permitindo a sua evolução em termos de conceitos técnicos e pessoais. A nível de laboratório é realizada a caraterização de amostras de rochas de antas sendo calculados os seguintes parâmetros: porosidade (n), peso volúmico seco (ɣd), estimativa da resistência da rocha (σ) com o Martelo de Schmidt e análise química através de uma equipamento portátil de XRF (X-ray fluorescence). Os trabalhos de campo desenvolvidos foram realizados em duas áreas diferentes. O primeiro teve como objetivo realizar o estudo geológico e geotécnico de um terreno para a construção de um edifício industrial com quatro níveis. Para isso, foram realizadas sete sondagens, acompanhadas de ensaios Santandard Penetration Test (SPT) e de onze ensaios de Penetrómetros Dinâmicas Super Pesados (PDSP). Por último, aborda-se a realização de Inspeções a Taludes e Muros na Subconcessão do Douro Interior (SDI), mais propriamente no IC5 (Itinerário Complementar 5) e IP2 (Itinerário Principal 2), em parceria com a Ascendi, no âmbito da manutenção preventiva da empresa. Este trabalho consiste na inspeção visual de taludes e muros, tendo-se focado maioritariamente nos órgãos de drenagem superficial.
The present dissertation which was held to obtain the degree of Master in Geological and Mining Engineering, is part of the research and knowledge application approach that the author developed during the last year, related to the geotechnical characterization of rock materials, the study of foundations, and the inspection of slopes. In particular, this work intends for the author to gain skills in the work world, allowing her evolution in terms of technical and personal concepts. At the laboratory level, the characterization of rock samples is carried out, with the following parameters being calculated: porosity ( n ), dry specific weight ( ɣd ), an estimate of rock resistance ( σ ) using Schmidt's Hammer, and chemical analysis through a portable XRF ( X-ray fluorescence ) equipment. The fieldwork developed was executed in two different areas. The first aimed to carry out the geological and geotechnical study of land for the construction of an industrial building with four levels. For this purpose, seven surveys were carried out, accompanied by Standard Penetration Test ( SPT ) and eleven Super Heavy Dynamic Penetrometer ( PDSP ) tests. Finally, the development of the inspections of Slopes and Walls in the Douro Interior Subconcession ( SDI ), specifically in IC5 ( Complementary Itinerary 5 ) and IP2 ( Main Itinerary 2 ), in partnership with Ascendi, within the scope of maintenance preventive of the company. This work consists of the visual inspection of slopes and walls, focusing mainly on the surface drainage organs.
Books on the topic "Geological inspection"
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Friedman, Glauthier, and Groat nominations: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, on the nominations of Gregory H. Friedman, to be Inspector General, Department of Energy; Theodore J. Glauthier, to be Deputy Secretary of Energy; and Charles G. Groat, to be Director, U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, September 17, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Geological inspection"
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Giberti, H., P. Marzaroli, B. Saggin, and M. Tarabini. "Trajectory Identification of a Reciprocating Drill for Geological Inspections." In Sensors and Instrumentation, Volume 5, 79–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54987-3_9.
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Konovalov, P. A. "Engineering-Geological Investigations and Inspections of Foundations of Reconstructed Buildings." In Bases and Foundations of Buildings under Reconstruction, 86–107. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077985-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Geological inspection"
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Chen, Jianping, Qing Li, and Jin Xu. "Physical experimental simulation of indirect surface display caused by buried geological anomaly." In Optics and Optoelectronic Inspection and Control: Techniques, Applications, and Instruments, edited by FeiJun Song, Frank Chen, Michael Y. Y. Hung, and H. M. Shang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.402572.
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Cai, Zizhao, Yongbo Zhang, Lizhong Zhang, Guoling Lang, Qian Wang, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Zhibin Huo, Wei Wang, and Lei Shi. "Development and application of the urban environment geological survey data inspection and acceptance system." In 2011 International Conference on Photonics, 3D-imaging, and Visualization. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.906279.
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Zhang, Xi, and Jinhui Liu. "3D Visualization in Industrial Monolayer CT Inspection System." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48184.
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3D visualization plays an important role in industrial CT inspection system. Though at present it is not widely used in CT inspection systems, 3D images betray more visual pictures, and can make easier observation. Taking 3D-imaging methods in other fields, such as medical or geological field, as references, this paper introduces three feasible imaging algorithms, contour connecting method, marching cubes, and an improved marching cubes method basing on distance function. These three methods are all suited to small quantity of slice images, which is accord with most industrial applications. Contour connection has the most directive approach of rending, but has some unsatisfied defects on edge extraction and edge connection. Marching Cubes is a classic method of 3D visualization; it is feasible and commonly used in many realms. However, applied in industrial CT inspection systems, there are still some discontented effects, such as fracture, in certain condition. Accordingly, an improved marching cube method that based on edge extraction is brought forward to conquer these defects. Compare of these methods is given in this paper, and implemental instances are provided as well. It is of importance for the development of 3D visualization in air container and luggage CT inspection systems.
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Aristizábal Ceballos, Jaime Hernán, and Hugo Alberto García García. "ARPEL/EPGEO: Regional Geotechnics Project — Good Practices in Pipeline Integrity Management to Face Geohazards." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2538.
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Due to the importance for the Oil and Gas Industry to have a technical document that consolidates the knowledge on management of geohazards for Latin America, the Geotechnics Project Team (EPGEO under its acronym in Spanish) of the Regional Association of Oil, Gas and Biofuels Sector Companies in Latin America and the Caribbean (ARPEL) developed the “Guidelines for Monitoring and Inspection of Pipeline Integrity Management to Face Geohazards” between 2014 and 2016. These guidelines contain the experience of the different operators in the region, given the highly-complex geological-geotechnical pipeline routes (due to the mountain range of the Andes in South America or the Central System in Central America), as well as the high technical requirement derived from the dynamics of the triggering agents in equatorial and tropical areas. In this respect, this document presents the main results of such consolidation and its dissemination, some relevant aspects to be taken into account in interdisciplinary works with reference to third parties, as well as the new guidelines that the EPGEO has proposed to develop that complement the management of geohazards in a Pipeline Transportation System (PTS).
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Hernández Sánchez, Jon Freddy, Carlos Antonio Vergara, and Carlos Hidalgo. "Use of Geometric In-Line Inspection (ILI) Intelligence Tools With the Inertial Module for Diagnosis and Management of Structural Integrity in Pipelines With Geohazards: Case Study." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8529.
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Colombia is a country located in a geographical area with great geological diversity, where every day the effects of climate change increases the probability of the failure of buried pipelines due to the movement of land or the instability associated with them. That is why the use of geometric In Line Inspection (ILI) intelligent tools with the inertial module is important for the diagnosis of structural integrity of pipelines and is associated with an integrity management program due to the geotechnical threats present throughout its path. It decreases maintenance costs due to pump stoppage for unscheduled repairs, anticipating the solution, and mitigating and controlling deformations in the pipeline caused by geotechnical ground displacements. OCENSA-Pipeline Central SA (Colombia) has developed, through its experience, a program to manage integrity by determining the structural expense in specific sections due to displacement of the pipeline caused by ground movement through the use of the Geometric ILI tools and MFL inertial module. This paper specifically presents the use of the tool in decision-making based on OCENSA’s preset study limits for deformations in the elastic range and plastic building material of the pipeline. In 1997 OCENSA was among the first companies in Latin America to use Inertial Geo-positioning technology; today there are sectors which have been inspected with this technology as many as five times, in which pipe displacement of up to 5 meters has been found. The case study presented refers to a geographical point on the route of the pipeline located in the Andes, at the site of the movement known as the “La negra” ravine, near the town of Puente Nacional, where movements of the pipeline associated with geotechnically unstable slope conditions were detected by In line inspection (ILI) Geometric and inertial modules, beginning in 2004. Since that time, integrity management was conducted in order to reduce the chances pipeline failure will materialize in this area of geotechnical instability.
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Moya, John Malpartida, and Giancarlo Massucco De la Sota. "Alternative Geohazard Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Pipelines With Limited Access: Amazon Jungle Example." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33628.
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The Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) of Transportadora de Gas del Peru (TgP) has identified the Weather and Outside Forces such as main threat which increases the risk of the integrity of its pipelines in jungle and mountains areas. In pipelines with particular characteristics such as pipeline which crosses the Andes and the Amazonian jungle, this threat can cause even a greater number of failures than other threats such as Corrosion or Third Party Damage (TPD). Given this situation, the TgP’s PIMS has made a significant development in the use and management of the information provided by different techniques of inspections and monitoring of the pipeline and ROW. Due to the particular conditions of our pipeline system, where the weather and security issues are important restrictions in some locations, makes it impossible to access the right of way in order to get accurate and precise information. Some monitoring depends on people going to the field to collect data (geotechnical surveys, rain monitoring, strain gage measures, inclinometers, etc.). This information is essential to perform the risk analysis in the scope of the PIMS. This paper shows different alternative techniques of monitoring which allow us to estimate the exposure of the pipelines to Geohazards. Among these techniques we have: topographic surveys with laser-detection LIDAR, monitoring of stress and displacement of the soil by fiber optics, UAV’s (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surveys, acoustic leak detection, Inertial Navigation Tools (in line inspection), etc. It is also important to mention the alternative assessment methodologies in order to determine the pipeline exposure, resistance and mitigation to this threat using geological information and exhaustive desk analysis. It is important to get the more accurate information of the actual state of the pipeline system in order to eliminate most of the “default” values during the risk assessment. By integrating these inspections, monitoring and particular assessments as part of PIMS, we have been able get accurate risk assessments in order to mitigate and/or minimize the occurrence of failures. In this way we are able to optimize efforts to preserve the integrity of our system and in addition minimize personal, environmental and business impact.
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Li, Longxin, Yuan Zhou, Limin Li, John Tinnin*, Xian Peng, Colin Cranfield, Yu Luo, et al. "Underground Gas Storage Process Optimization Using Integrated Subsurface Characterization, Dynamic Modeling and Monitoring - A Case Study." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207941-ms.
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Abstract Underground gas storage (UGS) will be key to addressing supply and demand dynamics as natural gas consumption grows during the coming decades in response to cleaner energy initiatives. The XGS facility began UGS operations in a depleted gas field located in SW China in 2013. Following this initial period of utilization, the site was reassessed to safely increase deliverability during winter months to meet future peak gas demand. The XGS field is located in a high tectonic stress region and has a structurally complex and highly faulted geological setting. The carbonate reservoir is heterogeneous and naturally fractured. Initial assessment steps involved determination of maximum storage capacity and estimation of required working gas and cushion gas volumes using fully integrated geological, geophysical, petrophysical frameworks. Geomechanical modeling was embedded into the analysis to determine the long-term impact inferred by cyclical variations of pressures on the reservoir performance and cap rock containment and evaluate both safe operating pressure limits and monitoring requirements. The coupling of complex reservoir and geomechanical parameters was required to create a dynamic model within the stress regime that could be history-matched to the early gas depletion phase and subsequent gas storage cycles. Such a holistic approach allows the operator to optimize the number of wells, their placement, trajectories and completion designs to ensure safe and efficient operations and develop strategies for increasing withdrawal rates to meet anticipated future demand. Additionally, tight integration of subsurface understanding with surface requirements, such as turbo-compressors, is critical to meet the UGS designed performance and deliverability objectives and ensure sufficient flexibility to optimize the facility usage. A further important task of the final phase of UGS facilities design involves enablement of sustainable operation through a Storage Optimization Plan. The results of the analyses serve as a basis for the design of this plan, in combination with fit-for-purpose surveillance systems of the reservoir and cap-rock seal recording pressure, rock deformation and seismicity in real time, along with regular wellbore inspection.
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de Oliveira, Wilson Jose´, Lino Francisco Rodrigues Moreira, Julio Cezar Portugal Valente, Andre´ Calixto Vieira, A´ureo Furtado Dourado, and Tauno Viitaniemi. "Geothecnical Thematic Maps of PETROBRAS Pipeway." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0485.
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The Geothecnical Thematic Mapping (GTM) was created inside of The Standard for Management of the Pipeline Structural Integrity (2002) and intends to predict geothecnical risk areas. These maps were made along five thousand kilometers of pipeways. The GTM has as its purpose of classify the pipeways and adjacent areas (400 meters) according to the area’s susceptibility to geological-geothecnic accidents. From this classification, inspection frequency was established in each portion of the strip. When this work is done, it will be possible to increase the knowledge of the geothecnical problems that exist throughout pipelines, allowing to ration out the utilization of the resources applied to field inspections. This work generated these products: - Features and geothecnical risk maps through photo interpretation techniques; - Potencial Geothecnical Risk Map acquired through GIS technology. These maps are incorporated to the GIS TRANSPETRO system, in such a way that allows its utilization by all the professionals involved. The GTM was obtained from the integration of two distinguished methodologies: indirect observation, through the utilization of photo interpretation techniques and the fusion of GIS processing. The photo interpretation of aerial susceptibility to geothecnical hazard, according to its intensity which is classified as high, medium and low susceptibility. The features and classifications of the risk identified during photointerpretation were digitalized and geo-referenced, making possible the check of the models adopted in the geoprocessing. All the generated data statistics were analyzed, in a way to point out areas where there was evidence of high risk of geothecnical occurrence. These analyses allowed the elaboration of a risk index. This index was calculated to portions of 5 Km of the pipeway, allowing its ranking in terms of high, medium and low susceptibility to geothecnic. In the end of the project, the company may have a good definition of all pipeways and of all the portions that represent a major probability of problems and where to allocate money for prevention.
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Contreras, Maria F., Mauricio Pereira Ordoñez, Jon Hernández, and Carlos Vergara. "Results of a Mitigation Technique Used to Reduce Pipeline Strains in Unstable Slopes." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8531.
Full textAbstract:
The OCENSA pipeline system crosses a wide range of geological zones, finding different stability problems. Those problems related with landslides are stabilized with different kinds of geotechnical works within the pipeline maintenance programs, but sometimes these problems reach big dimensions making very difficult to stabilize them, so mitigation techniques are necessary in order to guarantee the pipe integrity. A mitigation technique using EPS (Expanded Poly-Styrene) blocks is being used in the OCENSA pipeline system (Colombia) in order to reduce the buried pipe response due to soil displacements during landslide events and in creeping slopes. OCENSA is the first operator in Latin America using this technique. Prior to the use of this technique, numerical modeling studies were done with the support of SOLSIN S.A.S. These studies were focused on determining the viability and effectiveness of the proposed technique. The purpose of the EPS blocks is to constitute a low-density fill with very low Young modulus reducing the soil-pipeline interaction forces. These blocks are located near the landslide limits in both, the stable and un-stable zones in order to reduce the stiffness of the materials around the pipe. These blocks allow the pipe to move beyond the landslide limits, reducing the bending strains. The extension of the EPS backfill is determined by means of the geotechnical investigation of the place in study and using the in-line inspection tools data to determine the length of the pipe affected by the soil movement. In this paper, three case studies are presented in which the proposed mitigation technique effectiveness was proved. In this part, data analyses coming from the in line inspection program was done. The inertial tool data showed that the EPS blocks had a significant effect on the pipe response, reducing the total strains compared with those obtained with a normal backfill. This technique can be used to reduce the frequency of the strain-relief excavations in unstable slopes. That means a cost reduction in the pipe maintenance activities and a more efficient integrity management program.
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Schorr, Michael, Klaas Kole, and Ferdinand Foessing. "Monitoring and Screening of Pipelines for Movement: A Fast and Cost-Effective Alternative for Pipeline Operators to Measure Drift in Pipelines." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5324.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract For pipelines in the oil, gas, and mining industry, movement of pipelines is one of the main integrity hazards. This movement in most cases is caused by landslides instigated by heavy rain, earthquakes or volcanic activities. If the pipeline movement remains undetected at an early stage, it can lead to the need for costly repairs to prevent, remove, or repair potential or actual damage. Moreover, if the movements stay undetected for too long, these lines may fail and lead to catastrophic events. This paper will illustrate what a fast and cost-effective solution to avoid these threats at an early stage looks like and how it works. It will explain the process and demonstrate the full power of this technology on the basis of a case study. The standard solution for pipelines without a permanent position monitoring system at the time of installation includes the use of intelligent tools that are able to detect even the slightest changes in the trajectory. These inspection tools are quite expensive to run, especially when multiple screening runs are required throughout a year, e.g. before and after the rainy season or after a seismic event. Other monitoring solutions are either limited to only a specific area where the movement has already been detected at an earlier stage or lack the precision required to serve as an early warning system, such as LIDAR or satellite image comparison. Over the years, ROSEN has developed a technology that can bridge the gap between frequent measurements and cost-effective service. It is based on an electronic gyroscope that is commonly used in Inline Inspection tools but can also be installed in readily available cleaning tools. When first run in a pipeline, it records the whole pipeline trajectory, leaving no segment undocumented. The next step is to compare these recorded pipeline routing measurements with already existing trajectory baseline data, recorded earlier by any ILI tool with an optical gyro or similar. This comparison will reveal any deviation between both trajectories and precisely determine any pipeline movement. A case study will demonstrate how the comparison is achieved. When performing repetitive inspections, this screening comparison enables the operators to detect the onset of movements and monitor the progress of any known pipeline movement. It allows them to distinguish between stable areas from dynamic ground movements and keeps close track of changes in the pipe course. Through regular repetitions, any further development of the movement is tracked, and appropriate reactive measures can be scheduled in a timely manner. This new service provides a cost-effective and powerful early warning tool for geological pipeline integrity threats that can lead to loss of integrity, the asset, or — worst-case scenario — loss of life or environmental contamination, while at the same time, it reduces the necessity of pipeline intervention that will affect production.
Reports on the topic "Geological inspection"
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Lee, Yu Hsuan, Ravi Kumar, Jacob Benz, HaliAnne McGee-Hilbert, Geoffrey Hollinger, and Camille Palmer. Autonomous Inspection of Geologic Repositories: Current State of the Art and Future Directions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1824167.
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