Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geological environments'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Geological environments.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Geological environments.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Abarca, Cameo Elena. "Seawater intrusion in complex geological environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6243.
Full textAbstract:
Modelling seawater intrusion (SWI) has evolved from a tool for understanding to a water management need. Yet, it remains a challenge. Difficulties arise from the assessment of dispersion coefficients and the complexity of natural systems that results in complicated aquifer geometries and heterogeneity in the hydraulic parameters. Addressing such difficulties is the objective of this thesis. Specifically, factors that may affect the flow and transport in coastal aquifers and produce heterogeneous salinity distributions are studied.First, a new paradigm for seawater intrusion is proposed since the current paradigm (the Henry problem) fails to properly reproduce observed SWI wedges. Mixing is represented by means of a velocity dependent dispersion tensor in the new proposed problem. Thereby, we denote it as "dispersive Henry problem". SWI is characterized in terms of the wedge penetration, width of the mixing zone and influx of seawater. We find that the width of the mixing zone depends basically on dispersion, with longitudinal and transverse dispersion controlling different parts of the mixing zone but displaying similar overall effects. The wedge penetration is mainly controlled by the horizontal permeability and by the geometric mean of the dispersivities. Transverse dispersivity and the geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity are the leading parameters controlling the amount of salt that enters the aquifer.
Second, the effect of heterogeneity was studied by incorporating heterogeneity in the hydraulic permeability into the modified Henry problem. Results show that heterogeneity causes the toe to recede while increases both the width and slope of the mixing zone. The shape of the interface and the saltwater flux depends on the distribution of the permeability in each realization. However, the toe penetration and the width of the mixing zone do not show large fluctuations. Both variables are satisfactorily reproduced, in cases of moderate heterogeneity, by homogeneous media with equivalent permeability and either local or effective dispersivities.
Third, the effect of aquifer geometry in horizontally large confined aquifers was analyzed. Lateral slope turned out to be a critical factor. Lateral slopes in the seaside boundary of more than 3% cause the development of horizontal convection cells. The deepest zones act as preferential zones for seawater to enter the aquifer and preferential discharging zones are developed in the upwards lateral margins. A dimensionless number, Nby, has been defined to estimate the relative importance of this effect.
All these factors can be determinant to explain the evolution of salinity in aquifers such as the Main aquifer of the Llobregat delta. Finally, a management model of this aquifer is developed to optimally design corrective measures to restore the water quality of the aquifer. The application of two different optimization methodologies, a linear and a non-linear optimization method, allowed (1) to quantify the hydraulic efficiency of two potential corrective measures: two recharge ponds and a seawater intrusion barrier; (2) to determine the water necessary to be injected in each of these measures to restore the water quality of the aquifer while minimizing changes in the pumping regime and (3) to assess the sustainable pumping regime (with and without the implementation of additional measures) once the water quality has been restored. Shadow prices obtained from linear programming become a valuable tool to quantify the hydraulic efficiency of potential corrective measures to restore water quality in the aquifer.
2
Swift, Roland. "Transient electromagnetic soundings in complex geological environments." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34969.
Full textAbstract:
TEM sounding curves are distorted by geological noise in complex environments and often cannot be interpreted using practical 1D interpretation schemes which assume homogeneous, horizontal strata. Systematic experiments with a Geonics EM42 and MarkI and MarkII SIROTEM systems in complex environments show that geological noise is dominant over system noise and errors in loop receiver geometry which seldom exceed 2% of the measured signal. Inversion results in complex areas depend on the loop configuration and type of receiver, unlike those from 1D situations. Small loops are less susceptible to geological noise and have a better vertical resolution than large loops which, however, do have greater depths of penetration. When carrying out soundings along profiles it is important to match the station spacing and loop size to the scale of lateral discontinuities. Data from four geologically complex areas in Cyprus, Spain, Northern Ireland and England have been collected and interpreted to investigate the applicability of using TEM depth soundings in such environments. The results have shown than in some areas, soundings can provide useful quantitative information on depths and resistivities. Even in extremely noisy areas the method can be used to locate anomalies for follow up work with other geophysical methods. Investigations of various interpretation schemes including pseudosections, time slices and 1D inversions have demonstrated limitations in complex environments. A new interpretation scheme based on a direct calculation of approximate depths from an apparent resistivity curve has been developed which removes some of the ambiguities due to the resistivity dependent velocity of the EM waves. A general purpose TEM reduction and interpretation program has been written to carry out apparent resistivity and direct depth calculations, forward modelling and 1D inversions. Tests on synthetic and field data show a good agreement with sections produced from inversions and borehole data.
3
Montsion, Rebecca. "3D Regional Geological Modelling in Structurally Complex Environments: Gaining Geological Insight for the Northern Labrador Trough." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36539.
Full textAbstract:
3D geological modelling is becoming an effective tool for communication and development of geological understanding. This is due to increased computer performance and availability of improved geological modelling software. 3D geological modelling technology has reached the stage where it can be implemented in regionally extensive and geologically complex settings, with the ability to achieve geological insight beyond what could otherwise have been gained through 2D investigations alone. Insight includes better constrained fault and horizon topologies, refined fold geometries, improved understanding of tectonic processes, and characterization of deformational events. By integrating field observations, aeromagnetic maps, and 3D modelling techniques in the northern Labrador Trough, a regionally extensive and structurally complex geological environment, regional faults geometries and topological relationships were refined. Additionally, a new fault, the Ujaralialuk Fault, and two shear zones were interpreted. During modelling, several challenges were identified, including higher computational costs for regionally extensive models, sparse 3D constraints, algorithmic limitations related to complex geometries, and the large investment of time and effort required to produce a single model solution. A benefit of this investigation is that new insight was also gained for a greenfields region which may assist future exploration efforts. Developing 3D models in challenging environments allows for better definition of future workflow requirements, algorithm enhancements, and knowledge integration. These are needed to achieve a geologically reasonable modelling standard and gain insight for poorly constrained geological settings.
4
Grashion, Anton R. "Computer aided analysis of ancient fluvial depositional environments." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241509.
Full text
5
Brew, David Scott. "Sedimentary environments and Holocene evolution of the Suffolk estuaries." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235628.
Full textAbstract:
A stratigraphic investigation of the marshland adjacent to the five main estuaries in Suffolk and offshore of the Alde estuary has been made. The results are used to establish a Holocene evolution for the Suffolk coast and are compared with coastal sequences elsewhere in East Anglia. The stratigraphy of the Blyth estuary in north Suffolk comprises four lithostratigraphic units; a basal freshwater peat overlain by estuarine Lower Clay, Middle Peat and Upper Clay representing two phases of transgressive overlap sandwiching a phase of regressive overlap. Peat formation began about 6750 yrs BP and continued until 6500 yrs BP when the sequence was inundated and eroded by marine waters during the initial phases of transgressive overlap. Estuarine silt/clay deposition (both low and high intertidal flat) persisted until about 4500 yrs, BP when a transition to further peat growth occurred. The second phase of estuarine sedimentation (predominantly high intertidal flat) began at about 4300 yrs BP. These dates correlate well with dates for similar tendencies of sea-level movement in the Fens, north Norfolk and Broadland. The Blyth sequence contrasts with the Holocene sequence in the Deben, Orwell and Stour estuaries in south Suffolk which comprises a continuous estuarine clastic sequence without an intermediate peat. Estuarine conditions are believed to have begun about 8000 yrs BP and a high subsidence rate combined with low'sediment accumulation rates caused the estuaries to remain flooded throughout the Holocene. The onshore data, plus data offshore from the Alde estuary has been used to evaluate the position of the coast after 8700 yrs BP. The coastal evolution is interpreted to have been controlled by the movement of coastal barrier or spit systems. A significant barrier breaching episode is believed to have occurred post-7000 yrs BP causing erosional contacts and development of higher energy-estuarine environments. After, this time, the, Blyth estuary was significantly affected by further spit or barrier growth. The Alde, Deben, Orwell and Stour estuaries, however, were essentially barrier (spit) free during the Holocene and protected from southerly longshore drift by a land barrier north of the Alde estuary. The land barrier was eventually breached and subsequent formation of Orford Ness and Landguard Spit began. The present-day inland saline penetration up the river Blyth is the maximum achieved at any time during the Holocene. This contrasts with Broadland and Fenland where the maximum penetration occurred about 2000 years earlier. The main reason for the differences appears to be a higher coastal erosion rate in Suffolk compared to Norfolk (Fenland is actively prograding).
6
Brydon, Richard. "TRACING MAGAMTIC PROCESS IN PLUTONIC ENVIRONMENTS: INSIGHT FROM APATITE AND RIFT-RELATED GRANITES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1547117312990626.
Full text
7
Banning, Andre Wilhelm [Verfasser]. "Natural arsenic and uranium accumulation and remobilization in different geological environments / Andre Wilhelm Banning." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022617214/34.
Full text
8
Ile, Charlene Omeniem Keletso. "The use of well log data in the creation of 3D geological maps." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8294.
Full textAbstract:
>Magister Scientiae - MScThree-dimensional (3D) graphic representations of geographic environments have become commonplace in a range of elds. These representations are often an attempt to represent both geographic forms, as well as the relationships that exist between them. In contrast to other elds, the use of 3D geological models in the visualisation of the subsurface environment is relatively new. Additionally, these 3D geological models are traditionally created through the painstaking process of manual development methods. As such, the models developed are unable to fully utilise the wealth of geological data that is collected during subsurface exploration. Therefore, the objective of this research was to create a 3D geological prototype that allowed for the visualisation of underground resource reservoirs in a faster, easier and more aesthetically appealing manner. To achieve the objectives of this research, the problem was tackled holistically by considering both the theoretical and practical components of the research. Some theoretical components that were considered are: well log wireline log data composition, the information that can be extracted from each well log component, geological data interpolation as well as geological visualisation. Utilisation of the theoretical component of this research facilitated the development of a programme that modelled and visualised sub-surface environments. The programme applied the information from numerous well log datasets and interpolated the various geological layers that could be found within a region.
9
Segwabe, Tebogo. "The geological framework and depositional environments of the coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005567.
Full textAbstract:
The investigation of the geological history (i.e., stratigraphy and sedimentology) and the dynamics of coal depositional environments, in particular, the forces responsible for changes in the accommodation space (e.g., subsidence vs. sedimentation rates) in the Permian coal-bearing Karoo strata in the Central Kalahari Karoo Basin (Botswana) revealed new details about the depositional processes and environments. Detailed review of the temporal and spatial stratigraphic variation of the coal-bearing Ecca Group successions via the analysis of facies changes based on core descriptions, gamma logs, field observations and palaeo-current measurements, lead to the identification of two main informal stratigraphic units, namely the Basal and Upper Units. The Basal Unit is characterised by an upward-coarsening succession, and it is interpreted as a product of a progradational deltaic setting (i.e., regressive deltaic cycle). This is followed by five sequences of fining-upward successions of sandstones and siltstones in the Upper Unit, interpreted as deposits of distributary channels (the basal arenaceous member) capped by finer argillaceous sequences of the deltaic floodplains (the upper coal-bearing member). The Upper Unit thus is interpreted as a delta plain facies association which was formed during transgressive phases when conditions for coal-quality peat accumulation (e.g., high water table) were present and the available accommodation space was partly controlled by tectonic uplift (repeated?) at basin margins. Limited palaeo-current analysis indicates deposition by channels flowing from the east, south-east and north-east. The lack of good quality exposures hampers the reconstruction of the plan form of the channel patterns. However, the little available evidence indicates a high-energy fluvio-deltaic system with irregular discharge and a high proportion of bedload sediments. Coal-seam thickness in the upper coal-bearing member reflect the complex control of the geological processes associated with and following peat formation, such as differential compaction of the underlying lithology, and the erosive or protective nature of the immediately overlying lithology.
10
Lucas, Natasha S. "The application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to the analysis of geological samples in simulated extra-terrestrial atmospheric environments." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/22723/.
Full textAbstract:
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique that can determine the elemental composition and quantities of a sample by the spectral analysis of a laser induced plume. This study was undertaken to develop, characterise and assess the use of the LIBS technique on geological samples in different pressure and gaseous environments. The experimental range chosen was dictated by the planetary conditions on Titan and other extra-terrestrial bodies with the samples analysed chosen to complement a range of rock types. A LIBS system was developed, together with associated experimental apparatus able to acquire results in varying pressure and gaseous environments. The capability of LIBS to analyse weathered rock samples was investigated under various ambient conditions; pressures of 160x103 Pa to 0.4x10-3 Pa and ambient gaseous mixtures of air, nitrogen and methane. Particular attention was paid to temporal and power considerations under such regimes. As was expected, the chosen delay time to optimise the emission signals needed to be increased with increasing ambient pressure. At power values as low as 28.5 mJ/pulse (using a 6 ns pulse from a doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm) a valid emission signal could be obtained. Increasing the laser power resulted in a reduction in the overall signal to noise ratio. It was observed that ambient methane quenches the optical emission signal due to non-radiative transitions. In spite of this, valid qualitative data are obtainable, even when emissions due to carbon transitions from both the sample and the gaseous environment, are present. Results are presented which support the premise that the LIBS technique can be used to investigate both the surface and depth compositions of geological samples under extra-terrestrial conditions.
11
Shehata, Asmaa. "Engineering Properties, Micro- and Nano-Structure of Bentonite-Sand Barrier Materials in Aggressive Environments of Deep Geological Repository for Nuclear Wastes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32499.
Full textAbstract:
Canada produces about one-third of the global supply of medical radioisotopes. The nuclear power reactors in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick have generated about 17 percent of the electricity in the country every year (NWMO, 2010; Noorden; 2013). Since the 1960s, more than 2 million used (or spent) fuel bundles (high-level radioactivity) and 75,000 m³ of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste have been produced, which is increasing by 2000 to 3000 m³ every year after reducing the processed volume (Jensen et al., 2009).
More than 30 countries around the world, including Canada, have proposed construction of very deep geological repositories (DGRs) to store this nuclear waste for design periods 1,000,000 years. DGR concepts under development in Canada (the DGR is likely to be constructed in Ontario) are based on a multi-barrier system (NWMO, 2012). A crucial component of the multi-barrier system is the engineered barrier system (EBS), which includes a buffer, backfill, and tunnel sealing materials to physically, chemically, hydraulically and biologically isolate the nuclear waste. Bentonite-based material has been chosen for this critical use because of its high swelling capacity, low hydraulic conductivity, and for its good ability to retain radionuclides in the case of failed canisters.
However, the presence of bentonite-based material in DGRs, surrounded by an aggressive environment of underground saline water, nuclear waste heat decay, and corrosion products under confining stress, may lead to mineralogical changes. Consequently, the physical and physiochemical properties of bentonite-based materials may change, which could influence the performance of bentonite in an EBS as well as the overall safety of DGRs.
The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of the underground water salinity, heat generated by nuclear waste, and corrosion products of nuclear waste containers in Ontario on the engineering and micro-/nano-structural properties of bentonite-sand engineered barrier materials. Free-swelling, swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity tests have been performed on bentonite-sand mixtures subjected to various chemical (groundwater chemistry; corrosion water with iron as a corrosion product) and thermal (heat generated) conditions. Several techniques of micro- and nano-structural analyses, such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray microanalysis (DES), surface area and pore size distribution analyses (BET, BJH) and differential gravimetric (TGA and DTG) analyses have also been conducted on the bentonite-sand materials. Valuable results have been obtained for better understanding the durability and performance of the bentonite-sand barrier for the DGR which may be located in Ontario. The obtained results have shown that the groundwater chemistry and corrosion products of the nuclear containers significantly deteriorate the swelling and permeability properties of the tested bentonite-sand barrier materials, while temperature has little or no effect.
12
Fadipe, Oluwaseun Adejuwon. "Facies, Depositional Environments and Reservoir Properties of the Albian Age Gas Bearing Sandstone of the Ibhubesi Oil Field, Orange Basin, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3304_1285541101.
Full textAbstract:
The Orange Basin was formed during the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous periods due to Gondwana breakup and rifting and later drifting apart of the African and South American plates. The basin consists of siliciclastic sandstone which took its sediment supply from river system with a rivalling delta to the north of the basin. Geological and petrophysical studies were carried out to evaluate the reservoir potential of the wells in the study area. This study considered five wells (A-G1, A-W1, A-K1, A-K2 and A-Y1) in the Orange Basin with attention to the Albian age sandstone. Only three of the studied wells (A-G1, A-W1 and A-K1) have core samples for analysis. The methods used for the execution of this study include the description and calibration of spot cores with conventional standard logging record responses, wireline log interpretation using sequence stratigraphy approach, detailed petrographic (SEM, HR-TEM, XRD and thin section) and geochemical (pore water geochemistry, FTIR and XRF) analyses, and petrophysical analysis to unravel the complexities with regard to facies association, depositional environment and diagenesis. Linking diagenesis to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy has given a clearer picture to the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and thus of evolution of reservoir quality in the studied wells. Three depositional lithofacies were identified based on a detailed core description [fine grained sandstone (F1), very fine grained sandstone (F2) and mudstone (F3)]. Fluvio-deltaic and shallow marine environments were also interpreted from the core description based on the sedimentary structures and mineral assemblage while the log interpretation shows that the different reservoir units range between LST, TST and HST but mostly of LST. Mineralogical predictions were made possible in the wells without core samples (A-K2 and A-Y1) through the use of density-neutron cross plot, these reveal that the two wells contain some considerable amount of clay minerals like kaolinite, chlorite and illite.
13
Sklute, Elizabeth Christ. "On the Subject of Analyzing Iron and Sulfur Bearing Minerals from Three Extreme Environments| Geological Carbon Sequestration, Acid Mine Drainage, and Mars." Thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3643689.
Full textAbstract:
The global iron and sulfur cycles are linked to some of the most ancient metabolisms on our planet, and, therefore, possibly other planetary bodies. They are also linked to some of our most pressing environmental problems on Earth. Understanding their interactions and monitoring their occurrence is, therefore, an important aspect of exploring planetary bodies and sustainable resource management. This dissertation reports investigations into the identification and analysis of iron and sulfur bearing phases in three extreme environments: Acid-gas/CO2 co-sequestration, acid mine drainage (AMD), and Mars.
H2S and SO2 (acid gases) are often co-contaminants in CO2 streams. Co-sequestration of these gases lowers the cost of sequestration, but these sulfur-bearing gases can increase the reactivity of the injection site, particularly if iron-bearing minerals are present. Analyzing iron and sulfur reactivity in these systems is, therefore, crucial to further development of carbon sequestration technology. Experiments examining the simulated co-injection of CO2, H2S and/or SO 2 are reported for hematite-bearing and hematite-free sandstones. The iron mineralogy of the sandstones, which is monitored using Mössbauer spectroscopy, is key to the reactivity of the sandstones.
Jarosite is an iron sulfate found primarily in areas of AMD, but it has also been identified on Mars. On Earth, using remote sensing to quantify jarosite concentrations could be a time and cost saving measure for AMD detection and cleanup. On Mars, quantifying jarosite may help constrain surface processes responsible for its formation. Quantitative mineral abundance determination using remote sensing requires knowledge of the optical constants of minerals present on the surface. The optical constants of jarosite are determined and the methodology for optical constant determination (Hapke formulation), including an open source computer code, is reported.
14
Solomonidou, Anezina. "Comparative study of the diachronic evolution of the geological and volcanological environments of the earth with the saturnian satellites Titan and Enceladus." Observatoire de Paris, 2013. https://hal.science/tel-02095153.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de l’environnement de Titan et Encelade, satellites de Saturne, observés par la mission Cassini-Huygens. On présente différents aspects de la géologie de Titan mettant l’accent sur les caractéristiques de la surface, les processus géologiques, la structure interne et la corrélation et échanges entre l’atmosphère. Les caractéristiques morphotectoniques sont présentées sur la base des modèles terrestres. Des zones de Titan probablement corrélées à l’intérieur sont étudiées avec un modèle géophysique de distorsion des marées et jugées conformes en localisation dynamique interne. Ensuite on étudie l’albédo de surface et la composition des régions spécifiques sur Titan – déterminées par la méthode PCA – à partir des données Cassini / VIMS (0,4 à 5 microns) sur lesquelles on applique un code de transfert radiatif mis à jour avec les paramètres spectroscopiques les plus récents. Le suivi temporel de ces zones a montré des changements de leur albédo de surface pendant 1 à 3,5 ans, ce qui implique des processus exogènes dynamiques qui affectent la surface et qui est compatible avec du cryovolcanisme. Les processus sui forment la surface d’Encelade sont également discutés. Les analogies avec la surface terrestre et les internes possibles sur les satellites de glace sont explorés. Les implications astrobiologiques de ce travail sont discutées en ce qui concerne leur habilitation. Ces études sont liées à la préparation de futures missions spatiales vers les systèmes de Jupiter et de Saturne et les possibilités de charge utile. Enfin, la sensibilisation du grand public et les perspectives de cette recherche sont discutésThis thesis presents on the study of the environment of Titan and Enceladus, Saturn’s satellites observed by the Cassini-Huygens mission. Various aspects of the geology of Titan are presented focusing on the characteristics of the surface geological features and processes, the internal structure and the correlation with the atmosphere. The morphotectonic features are presented on the basis of terrestrial models. Moreover, Titan areas probably correlated with the interior are tested against a geophysical model of tidal distortion and found to conform with localization and internal dynamics. We then study the surface albedo and composition of specific Titan areas (Hotei Regio, Tui Regio, Sotra Patera) –determined by the PCA method- based on data from Cassini/VIMS (0. 4-5 μm) on which a radiative transfer code is applied with the most updated spectroscopic parameters. Monitoring of these areas showed surface albedo changes in the course of 1-3. 5 yrs, implying dynamic exogenic-endogenic processes that affect the surface and compatible with cryovolcanism in the case of Sotra Patera. Processes that form the surface of Enceladus are also discussed. In addition, the analogies with the Earth’s surface and possible internal processes on the icy satellites are being explored. The astrobiological implications of this work are discussed within the framework of the quest for habitable environments in our outer Solar system. These studies are related to the preparation of the future space missions to the systems of Jupiter and Saturn and payload capability. Finally, public awareness and perspectives of this research are discussed
15
Swart, Rosemary Helen. "Environmental protection of geological monuments in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs973.pdf.
Full text
16
Zaine, José Eduardo. "Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico por meio do método do detalhamento progressivo : ensaio de aplicação na área urbana do município de Rio Claro (SP) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102900.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Leandro Eugenio da Silva CerriBanca: Nilson Gandolfi
Banca: Antonio Manoel dos Santos Oliveira
Banca: Fábio Taioli
Banca: Omar Yasbek Bitar
Resumo: A pesquisa teve como tema central o mapeamento geológico-geotécnico de áreas urbanas, analisando os dados do meio físico geológico, bem como a representação cartográfica de unidades geotécnicas. O estudo envolveu a análise das metodologias utilizadas nos trabalhos de cartografia geotécnica, com enfoque especial para duas linhas metodológicas brasileiras, ou seja, as metodologias utilizadas pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos e pelo IPT. O trabalho apresenta o método do detalhamento progressivo como alternativa aos estudos geológico-geotécnicos, tendo como objetivo principal a produção de instrumentos adequados para a gestão e o planejamento urbanos, ante as necessidades de seus principais usuários. Tal método consiste na adoção de diferentes escalas de abordagem para a elaboração de cartas e/ou mapas geotécnicos, com o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos em três etapas sucessivas, em níveis de detalhe crescentes, do geral (1ª etapa) para o particular (etapa de detalhe). O ensaio de aplicação do método do detalhamento progressivo foi realizado numa área de 160 km2, envolvendo o sítio urbano e de expansão urbana de Rio Claro, uma cidade de médio porte, do interior paulista. A 1ª etapa mostrou que estudos geológicos e geomorfológicos são fundamentais para orientar as etapas subseqüentes; e a quantificação de alguns parâmetros na 2ª etapa foi importante para a melhor caracterização das unidades de estudo. A realização de ensaios de laboratórios na 3ª etapa é melhor dimensionada quando orientada pelas fases anteriores, estudos estes, efetivamente aplicados, se direcionados a projetos e obras.
Abstract: This paper's main theme is engineering geological mapping in urban areas, bringing together the results of the assembly, analysis and interpretation of geological data, as well as the cartographic representation of geotechnical units. As part of the study, an analysis of methodologies used in engenheering geological mapping was made, with special emphasis on two lines of Brazilian methodologies, i.e., the procedures used by the Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo and by the Institute of Technological Researches of the State of São Paulo S.A. - IPT. The main purpose of the study is to apply the progressive detailing method to engineering geological maps in urban areas, with a view to produce more adequate instruments for urban administration and planning, taking into consideration the necessity of the users. The progressive detailing method's application was made in a 160 km2 area that included an urban site and urban expansion in the municipal district of Rio Claro, a medium size town of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The progressive detailing method consists of adopting different approach scales in engineering geological mapping, with the study being divided into three successive stages, in levels of increasing detail, from general to specific. The first stage showed the importance of geologic and geomorphologic studies on the development of next stages. The quantification of some parameters on 2nd stage was of great value on characterization of the units of study. The completion of laboratories analysis on the 3rd stage to subsidy projects and buildings, is better evaluated if it is guided for previous stages.
Doutor
17
Zaine, José Eduardo [UNESP]. "Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico por meio do método do detalhamento progressivo: ensaio de aplicação na área urbana do município de Rio Claro (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102900.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2000-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
zaine_je_dr_rcla.pdf: 10722625 bytes, checksum: 58a2ea16d5ca5a5f98a15ce993e4b07b (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A pesquisa teve como tema central o mapeamento geológico-geotécnico de áreas urbanas, analisando os dados do meio físico geológico, bem como a representação cartográfica de unidades geotécnicas. O estudo envolveu a análise das metodologias utilizadas nos trabalhos de cartografia geotécnica, com enfoque especial para duas linhas metodológicas brasileiras, ou seja, as metodologias utilizadas pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos e pelo IPT. O trabalho apresenta o método do detalhamento progressivo como alternativa aos estudos geológico-geotécnicos, tendo como objetivo principal a produção de instrumentos adequados para a gestão e o planejamento urbanos, ante as necessidades de seus principais usuários. Tal método consiste na adoção de diferentes escalas de abordagem para a elaboração de cartas e/ou mapas geotécnicos, com o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos em três etapas sucessivas, em níveis de detalhe crescentes, do geral (1ª etapa) para o particular (etapa de detalhe). O ensaio de aplicação do método do detalhamento progressivo foi realizado numa área de 160 km2, envolvendo o sítio urbano e de expansão urbana de Rio Claro, uma cidade de médio porte, do interior paulista. A 1ª etapa mostrou que estudos geológicos e geomorfológicos são fundamentais para orientar as etapas subseqüentes; e a quantificação de alguns parâmetros na 2ª etapa foi importante para a melhor caracterização das unidades de estudo. A realização de ensaios de laboratórios na 3ª etapa é melhor dimensionada quando orientada pelas fases anteriores, estudos estes, efetivamente aplicados, se direcionados a projetos e obras.
This paper's main theme is engineering geological mapping in urban areas, bringing together the results of the assembly, analysis and interpretation of geological data, as well as the cartographic representation of geotechnical units. As part of the study, an analysis of methodologies used in engenheering geological mapping was made, with special emphasis on two lines of Brazilian methodologies, i.e., the procedures used by the Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo and by the Institute of Technological Researches of the State of São Paulo S.A. - IPT. The main purpose of the study is to apply the progressive detailing method to engineering geological maps in urban areas, with a view to produce more adequate instruments for urban administration and planning, taking into consideration the necessity of the users. The progressive detailing method's application was made in a 160 km2 area that included an urban site and urban expansion in the municipal district of Rio Claro, a medium size town of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The progressive detailing method consists of adopting different approach scales in engineering geological mapping, with the study being divided into three successive stages, in levels of increasing detail, from general to specific. The first stage showed the importance of geologic and geomorphologic studies on the development of next stages. The quantification of some parameters on 2nd stage was of great value on characterization of the units of study. The completion of laboratories analysis on the 3rd stage to subsidy projects and buildings, is better evaluated if it is guided for previous stages.
18
Lax, Kaj. "Environmental applications of biogeochemical data from Geological Survey of Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/95.
Full text
19
Sharman, Glenn. "Radon, an environmental hazard : a geological case study of Northamptonshire." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34954.
Full textAbstract:
Systematic soil-gas surveys were carried out in Northamptonshire to investigate the distribution of radon and its controlling factors. This followed reports in 1988 of indoor radon levels in the county exceeding the Action Level of 200 Bq m-3. Over 3300 observations were made using a soil-gas emanometer in traverses crossing all geological formations. Over each formation results were found to be log-normally distributed, falling within 95% Confidence Limits. The results are compared with 1026 indoor measurements provided by local authorities. Direct comparisons cannot be made due to different controlling factors; the concentration of radon in soil-gas is determined by the permeability of the source rock and overlying soil and by climate and weather, particularly temperature and wind run. Indoor radon is also affected by the nature of the house construction, particularly the floor, and heating and ventilation. Both sets of observations show that radon occurrence is primarily controlled by the underlying geology; the relationship is presented as a Radon Hazard Map for Northamptonshire. The highest soil-gas radon levels occur over the Northampton Sand Formation where indoor levels reach 1600 Bq m-3, clearly presenting an elevated health hazard. The Marlstone Rock Bed, Upper Lincolnshire Limestone and Glacial gravels are also an elevated hazard. Hazard groups are defined as elevated on permeable strata where soil-gas Rn-222 is 11 Bq L-1 or over; moderate where soil-gas Rn-222 is 6-8 Bq L-1 on permeable strata, or 11 Bq L-1 or over on impermeable strata; slight where soil- gas Rn-222 is 5 Bq L-1 or less on permeable strata, or 6-8 Bq L-1 on impermeable strata; and low on impermeable strata where soil-gas Rn-222 is 5 Bq L-1 or less. Indoor results were also used in defining the hazard groups. Of the formations designated as elevated, all extend into adjacent counties, where soil-gas radon surveys are strongly recommended.
20
Reynolds, David A. "Multiphase flow and transport in fractured geologic environments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63448.pdf.
Full text
21
Almayahi, Ali Z. "SHEAR-WAVE IMAGING AND BIREFRINGENCE IN A COMPLEX NEAR-SURFACE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/12.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple geophysical and geological data sets were compiled, reprocessed, and interpreted using state-of-the-art signal processing and modeling algorithms to characterize the complex post-Paleozoic geology that overlies the southwestern projection of the Fluorspar Area Fault Complex (FAFC) in western Kentucky. Specific data included 21.5 km of SH-wave seismic reflection, 1.5 km of P-wave seismic reflection, 2 km of electrical resistivity, vertical seismic profiles, Vp and Vs sonic-suspension logs, and 930 lithologic borehole logs. The resultant model indicates three general northeast–southwest-oriented fault zones pass through the study area as southwestern extensions of parts of the FAFC. These fault zones form two significant subparallel grabens with ancillary substructures. The geometry of the interpreted fault zones indicates that they have undergone episodic tectonic deformation since their first formation. Evidence of thickening and steeply dipping reflectors within Tertiary and Quaternary sediment in the downthrown blocks indicate syndepositional movement. Subtle thickening and lack of steeply dipping intraformational reflectors in the Cretaceous suggest a more quiescent period, with sediment deposition unconformably draping and filling the earlier Paleozoic structural surface. There is also evidence that the Tertiary and early Quaternary reactivation was associated with an extensional to compressional regional stress reversal, as manifested by the antiformal folds seen in the hanging wall reflectors and the potential small-amplitude force folds in the Quaternary alluvium, as well as a clear displacement inversion along the Metropolis-loess seismic horizon in two high-resolution reflection images.
A surface shear-wave splitting experiment proved to be an efficient and effective tool for characterizing shallow subsurface azimuthally anisotropic geologic inclusions in low-impedance water-saturated sediment environments. The measured azimuthal anisotropy across a well-constrained N60ºE-striking fault exhibited a natural coordinate system that had a fast direction coincident with the fault strike and an orthogonal slow direction. This is also one indicator that faults inactive during significant geologic intervals (i.e., Holocene) do not "heal". Integrated shear-wave velocity models and electrical resistivity tomography profiles across the fault zones exhibit lower shear-wave velocities and resistivities within the deformation zones compared with values outside the boundaries. This is additional evidence that the deformed sediment does not reconsolidate or heal, but that the sediment particle configuration remains more loosely packed, providing an increase in the overall porosity (i.e., hydraulic conductivity). This can wholly or in large part explain the anomalous contaminant plume migration path that is coincident with the deformed zones of the regional gravel groundwater aquifer.
22
Dudar, Tamara Viktorivna, and Sergii Artseniovich Stankevich. "Geological environment capacity assessment in the vicinity of nuclear fuel cycle facilities." Thesis, SpaceConf-2016, 2016. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/22318.
Full textAbstract:
For the purpose of geoecological environment capacity assessment the authors
have produced a number of thematic landscape changes maps obtained as a result
of multispectral imagery processing, allowed assessing the state and trends in land
degradation processes within the territories of NPP and URF location. To continue
the research it is meant a deeper consideration of geology and geomorphology factors
together with soil, vegetation, land cover and land use ones taking into account the
radiation capacity factor for the territories of NFCF location. The results obtained are
supposed to show the impact assessments of vulnerability of the human-environment
system under such environmental changes.
23
Zhao, Linduo. "Iron redox process in clay minerals and its environmental significance." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438388284.
Full text
24
Mc, Keown Stephen. "Geochemistry and amelioration of a sulphur contaminated environment near Somerset West, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4211.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 100-104.The key objectives of this study are, firstly, to determine the extent and effects of the S contamination and secondly, to determine an effective means of ameliorating the site.
25
Ghose, Ritu Chaity. "Linking the Variance of Permeability and Porosity to Newly Interpreted Lithofacies at the Site of the Illinois Basin - Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1495815546209501.
Full text
26
Totland, Marina. "Determination of the platinum group elements in geological materials." Thesis, Kingston University, 1993. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20571/.
Full textAbstract:
The available instrumental methods for platinum group element (PGE: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) and gold (Au) determinations are reviewed. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) enable rapid, multi-elemental analysis, their instrumental and analytical characteristics being discussed here. The suitability of ICP techniques to quantitatively determine the PGEs + Au is demonstrated. The detection limits by ICP-AES range from 6 to 29 ng.mL[sup]-1, while those for ICP-MS range from 0.3 to 0.22 ng.mL[sup]-1, for the individual PGEs + Au. A digestion step is generally required prior to the analysis of geological materials by ICP-AES and/or ICP-MS. Digestion procedures are reviewed, with particular attention to the new method of microwave digestion. A comparative study of three digestion methods was undertaken, a range of well-characterised rock reference materials being used to evaluate open acid digestion, microwave acid digestion and alkali fusion procedures. The precision and accuracy of results obtained by ICP-AES and ICP-MS for 46 elements demonstrates that no single digestion method is universally applicable. It is concluded that the best digestion procedure for PGE-bearing materials is a combination of microwave acid digestion followed by a fusion of the residue. Such a method was developed and its suitability is demonstrated using reference materials containing high levels of the PGEs + Au, which enable their direct determination by solution ICP-MS. Even with the superior sensitivity of ICP-MS, low concentrations of the PGEs + Au in most geological materials preclude the quantitation of unseparated samples. Separation methods which have been used (fire assay, coprecipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, distillation) are reviewed. Two ion-exchange methods were developed to separate the PGEs + Au from their associated matrix elements allowing their preconcentration prior to analysis. An anion-exchange method can be used in conjunction with ICP-MS for the separation and determination of ≥1 ng.g[sup]-1 Ir and> 1 [mu]g.g[sup]-1 Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt or Au. A cation-exchange ICP-MS procedure can be used to determine the PGEs at a wider range of concentrations. An evaluation using all the available PGE reference materials showed good agreement with reference values in most instances. Stable isotopes were used to evaluate this method and the results confirm that quantitative results may be obtained. The cation-exchange procedure can be scaled-up to larger samples thus enabling the determination of < 1 ng.mL[sup]-1 of individual PGEs. This is demonstrated using 5 g sub-samples and guidelines are given for further increases in sample size. Slurry nebulisation ICP-MS was developed for the determination of the PGEs + Au in solid samples without a prior digestion stage. An assessment of the method using reference materials demonstrated that quantitative results may be obtained for all seven PGEs + Au at levels above 50 to 200 ng.g[sup]-1 (depending on the element). This method is ideally suited to the routine analysis of mineralised samples or where only small sample sizes are available.
27
Mannion, P. D. "Environmental and geological controls on the diversity and distribution of the sauropodomorpha." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20238/.
Full textAbstract:
Sauropodomorph dinosaurs were an important component of Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems. Their diversity and abundance fluctuated throughout the Mesozoic but whether this reflects genuine biological changes or merely variations in our sampling of the rock record is uncertain. A database of all sauropodomorph individuals (2335) has been compiled, including environmental, geological, taxonomic and taphonomic data. Using a variety of sampling proxies (including a new specimen completeness metric) and a number of analytical techniques (residuals, rarefaction and phylogenetic diversity estimates), this work has demonstrated that sauropodomorph diversity appears to be genuinely high in the Pliensbachian‐Callovian and Kimmeridgian‐Tithonian, while low diversity levels are recorded for the Oxfordian and Berriasian‐Barremian, with the J/K boundary seemingly representing a real diversity crash. Diversity in the remaining Triassic‐Jurassic stages appears to be largely controlled by sampling biases while Late Cretaceous diversity is difficult to elucidate and perhaps remains relatively under‐sampled. Sea level affects diversity and abundance in the Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous, but does not appear to be linked in the Late Cretaceous. Different clades of sauropodomorphs potentially preferred different environments and this may have had an effect on changes in their distribution and diversity. Titanosaurs have been demonstrated to show a preference for inland environments compared to non‐titanosaurs, and it is possible that this led to their success in the Cretaceous when other sauropod clades were in decline. An assessment of the palaeolatitudinal patterns of sauropods and ornithischians reveals a distributional skew in the Late Cretaceous, which may reflect environmental and/or dietary preferences. A study of completeness through historical time contradicts the recent claim that the quality of dinosaurian type material has improved from the 19th century to the present. These studies illustrate that use of a number of techniques is imperative in any attempt to tease apart genuine patterns from the biases of an uneven rock record.
28
Stiff, Kaarina. "Cumulative Effects Assessment and Sustainability: Diamond Mining in the Slave Geological Province." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/986.
Full textAbstract:
The pace of development in Canada's North has renewed concerns about the potential cumulative effects of increasing industrial growth on fragile northern ecosystems. Recent developments in the diamond industry in the Slave Geological Province have highlighted the potential additive and synergistic effects of such development. For example, Aboriginal communities are worried about the health of the Bathurst caribou herd, which is considered central to their way of life. This concern is compounded by the lack of integration of environmental assessment and planning efforts, which could serve to better protect the environment. This research considers the challenges associated with the assessment of cumulative effects, and various approaches to meet these challenges. Diamond mining in the Slave Geological Province, including the BHP and Diavik diamond mines, is used as a case study. Four sustainability-based criteria are developed to evaluate the past and existing situation in the diamond region, and to form the basis for recommendations that would contribute to a more holistic approach to integrating cumulative effects considerations into environmental assessment and regional planning. The analysis demonstrates that although several mechanisms are currently in place to assess cumulative environmental effects, no single initiative fully meets each of the four criteria. However, existing tools can be used and supplemented to identify appropriate response options. The sustainability-based criteria developed here can contribute to further research on cumulative effects assessment and sustainability. The sustainability-based criteria developed here can be adopted for other case studies, to identify strengths and weaknesses, and to develop case specific recommendations for a more holistic approach to integrating cumulative effects considerations into environmental assessment and regional planning. This examination of how cumulative effects assessment has been approached in the Slave Geological Province also provides insight into the broader implications of regional cumulative effects management.
29
MARCHESI, VIVIAN RODRIGUES. "MODELING TECHNIQUES APPLIED FOR PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION IN GEOLOGICALLY COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25745@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O tempo não produtivo (NPT) durante a perfuração de poços de petróleo pode ser responsável pela perda de milhões de dólares em atividades offshore. A má previsão da pressão de poros pode ser uma das responsáveis pelo NPT de um poço ou mesmo sua perda definitiva em campos geologicamente complexos, como em bacias evaporíticas. Nesses campos complexos, os métodos de previsão de pressão de poros convencionais nem sempre são capazes de prever bem a distribuição de pressão de poros, mesmo após a perfuração de número considerável de poços. Este trabalho estuda técnicas alternativas que atendam ao problema de previsão de pressão para esses casos. Para fundamentar os estudos, é apresentada uma revisão sobre os riscos associados à perfuração em bacias evaporíticas e sobre os métodos de previsão de pressão existentes (métodos convencionais, sísmicos, modelagem geológica geomecânica 3D, modelagem pelo método dos elementos finitos e modelagem de bacias). Avaliando os problemas de perfuração nestes campos e as dificuldades de previsão dos métodos convencionais, nota-se que a complexidade imposta pelas consequências da presença do sal pode ser reduzida pelo uso de métodos que considerem a geologia local de forma mais abrangente em seu fluxo de trabalho. Concluiu-se que a modelagem de bacias e a modelagem geológica geomecânica 3D têm forte potencial de aplicação para estes casos. As técnicas, contudo, não tem a previsão de pressão de poros por objetivo principal, mas podem ser aplicadas ou adaptadas para tal fim. Este estudo apresenta adaptações de metodologia e/ou aplicações direcionadas de ambas para fins de previsão de pressão de poros. Para validar as propostas apresentadas, estudos de caso foram desenvolvidos e apresentaram resultados considerados bastante satisfatórios.
The non-productive time (NPT) while drilling oil and gas wells may be responsible for losing millions of dollars, especially in offshore activities. Bad pore pressure predictions may be responsible for large NPT or even the definitive loss of well in geologically complex fields, such as evaporate basins. On these complex fields, the conventional pore pressure prediction methods sometimes are not capable of providing good predictions, even if a considerable number of wells has been already drilled. This thesis studies alternative techniques which may attend for pore pressure prediction in these cases. In order to develop a consistent knowledge about the case, a literature review has been conducted in two ways: to understand what are the risks associated to drilling in evaporate basins; to review what are the available methods for pore pressure prediction (conventional methods, seismic methods, 3D geological and geomechanical modeling, finite element methods and basin modeling). During analyzing geomechanical drilling risks in these sites, and the difficulties found by conventional methods to predict it, it was noted that the complexity imposed by the presence of salt bodies can be reduced by using methods that make a strong use of geological knowledge on their workflow. It has been concluded that basin modeling and 3D geological and geomechanical modeling have a good potential to be applied for this goal. The techniques, nevertheless, do not have pore pressure prediction as their main goal, but can be applied to or adapted for such finality. This work presents some methodology adaptations and/or applications of both of techniques directed to pore pressure prediction goals. In order to validate the presented proposals, case studies has been developed, and their results were considered satisfactory.
30
Croskell, Michael Sinclair. "Geologic and environmental modelling of impact ejecta processes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8199.
Full text
31
Kirsten, Kelly. "Holocene environmental change at Groenvlei, Knysna, South Africa : evidence from diatoms." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4772.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-102).
This study demonstrates that diatom analysis of lake sediment can provide very detailed information on long and short term climate change, hampered only by inconsistent sediment accumulation at Groenvlei. Further work may provide insight to periods which were not covered in this study.
32
Carruthers, Christopher Ian Andrew. "Metal mobility in sandstones and the potential environmental impacts of offshore geological CO2 storage." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20377.
Full textAbstract:
Geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in the United Kingdom (UK) will likely be entirely offshore, which may lead to the production and disposal into the sea of reservoir waters to increase storage capacity, or through CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR). These produced waters have the potential to contain significant concentrations of trace metals that could be of harm to the environment. Batch experiments with CO2, warm brines, and reservoir sandstones were undertaken for this thesis to determine concentrations of 8 trace metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, zinc) which could be leached during CO2 storage in 4 UK North Sea hydrocarbon reservoirs. A sequential extraction procedure (SEP) was also used to determine the potential mobility of these metals under CO2 storage from mineral phases making up the reservoir samples. The results broadly showed that mobilised trace metal concentrations were low (parts per billion, ppb) in the batch experiments, with the exceptions of nickel and zinc. These metals were associated with carbonate and some feldspar dissolution, with other metals apparently desorbed from mineral surfaces, probably clays. The results of the SEP, however, were a poor predictor of actual mobility with respect to the batch experiments, although useful in determining the distribution of trace metals within the defined mineral phases (water soluble, ion exchangeable, carbonate, oxide, sulphide, silicate). In addition, fieldwork was carried out at Green River, Utah, to collect 10 CO2-driven spring water samples and 5 local aquifer rock samples. This area was used as a natural analogue for CO2-mobilised trace metals from sandstone aquifers. Trace metal concentrations in spring waters were very low (ppb) and batch experiments using Utah rock samples, spring water collected from Crystal Geyser, and CO2 confirmed very low mobility of these metals. The SEP was repeated for the Utah reservoir rocks, but again was not a reliable predictor for actual mobility, other than to confirm that overall bulk concentrations of trace metals was low. Comparison of trace metal concentrations from the batch experiments with data from UK North Sea oil and gas produced waters shows that overall, concentrations mobilised in batch experiments are within the range of concentrations across all North Sea fields reporting their data. However, on a field-by-field basis, some CO2 mobilised concentrations exceeded those currently produced by oil and gas activities. Furthermore, average batch experiment trace metal loads are higher than average oil and gas produced waters, and in some cases exceed international guidelines. Therefore, while the majority of trace metals have low mobility and therefore low environmental impact, this should be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Regular monitoring of dissolved constituents in produced waters carried should also be carried out, particularly in the initial stages of CO2 storage operations, with remedial action taken as required to reduce the environmental impact of offshore carbon capture and storage.
33
Shahrour, Yousef Taher Yousef. "Lithostratigraphy, foraminiferal biostratigraphy and geological history of the Upper Cretaceous in West Jordan." Thesis, Kingston University, 1996. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20597/.
Full textAbstract:
The stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian - Lower Maastrichtian) rocks in West Jordan is described based on four measured sections: Ajlun/Jerash (north); Wadi Mujib (central); Wadi Mussa and Ras en-Naqb (south). Over 285 samples collected from these sections were processed for microfossils; 214 samples were thin sectioned for microfacies analysis. Despite significant lithofacies changes southward, eight formations and six members have been recognised and correlated across the region. The thickest marine strata are located in the northern and central areas; thicknesses decrease and the sand content gradually increases towards the south. Microfossil, principally foraminiferal, biostratigraphy has been used for detailed stratigraphic correlation. Over 420 species constituting 170 genera are documented, many for the first time from the area. Microfossil species identified include 80 planktonic and 331 benthic foraminifera (104 calcareous and 227 agglutinated), and 10 radiolaria. Taxonomic analyses of all foraminiferal and radiolarian species are presented, including remarks on each species and its geographic and stratigraphic distribution. Most species are illustrated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photographs. Microfossil range charts are presented for each measured section, based on detailed analysis of each microfossil sample, and local assemblage zones are described. Six regional foraminiferal assemblage zones are proposed: Conorboides umiatensis / Haplophragmoides spp. Zone (lower to mid-Cenomanian); Heterohelix calabarflanki / Whiteinella inornata Zone (upper Cenomanian); Gavelinella stephensoni / Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone (Turonian); Archaeoglobigerina blowi / Concavatotruncana concavata Zone (upper Coniacian - Santonian); Rugotruncana subcircumnodifer Zone (upper Campanian); Globotruncanella havanensis Zone (lower Maastrichtian), based largely on evidence from Wadi Mujib, which is proposed as a reference section for the area. Palaeoenvironmental studies, including microfacies analyses and the quantitative evaluation of foraminiferal assemblages (planktonic and benthic), provide evidence of four major marine sedimentary sequences: (1) early - mid Cenomanian; (2) late Cenomanian - middle Turonian; (3) late Coniacian - late Santonian; (4) early Campanian to early Maastrichtian, each separated by hiatuses caused either by global falls in sea level and/or local tectonic activity.
34
Njue, Cyprian. "Metal migration from coastal and estuarine landfills : an integrated geological study from southern England." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2010. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d4b5da60-337f-4cb8-9933-28c8e9f7022e.
Full textAbstract:
Uncontrolled landfills can cause the release of significant contamination. In South England and in other parts of the UK, historical landfills are spread along the coastal and estuarine marshes and mudflats, where waste was dumped without regard to the environment. Much of the pollution from these landfills may have been dispersed and diluted into coastal waters with little impact. However, fine-grained sediments within these environments may have trapped or sequestered metals. The aim of this study is to investigate the degree to which heavy metals from these historical sites may have contaminated the adjacent marshes and intertidal mudflats.
35
Souza, Ariadne Marra de. "Caracterização ambiental da bacia hidrogáfica do Rio São Domingos a partir da análise geoquímica e isotópica Pb/Pb." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2654.
Full textAbstract:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroA bacia hidrográfica do rio São Domingos constitui uma das sub-bacias do rio Muriaé pertencente ao sistema Paraíba do Sul e, tem seus limites coincidentes com os limites do município de São José de Ubá, sendo este o segundo maior produtor de tomate do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com sua principal fonte econômica baseada na agropecuária. Este tipo de atividade resulta em utilização de produtos químicos nas lavouras e juntamente a ocupação inadequada resulta em modificação das paisagens e da mata nativa, resultando em diversos tipos de impactos no ambiente. Neste estudo foram abordados os impactos relacionados a concentração de metais e sua proveniência através das assinaturas isotópicas Pb/Pb, utilizando para tal o procedimento analítico de lixiviação dos sedimentos de corrente e abertura total de rochas para a obtenção de razões isotópicas e concentrações de metais por ICP-MS. Os resultados mostraram que as contribuições nos sedimentos de corrente se dão a partir de cinco fontes compreendidos no intervalo de assinatura isotópica 206Pb/207Pb 1,1229 e 1,1949, representadas em intervalos bem definidos. Por correlação com as respectivas concentrações se observa que, preferencialmente, existe maior influência das rochas do embasamento, seguido de atividade antrópicas como a urbanização e disposição de lixo doméstico. As maiores concentrações estão associadas ao cobre, chumbo, estrôncio, níquel e zinco. Contudo todas as concentrações de metais obtidas se encontram abaixo da legislação vigente. Desta forma a contaminação antrópica é limitada a regiões de maior densidade populacional e as influências naturais predominam na área da bacia.
The São Domingos river basin is a sub-basin of the river Muriaé belonging to the Paraíba do Sul system, than his boundary are coincide with the limits of São Jose de Ubá County the second largest tomato producer in the Rio de Janeiro state, with its main financial activity based on the agricultural economy. This kind of activity results in a use of chemicals on crops and modification of the landscape and native vegetation, resulting in various types of environmental impacts. In this paper was study the impacts related to concentration of metals and their provenance by Pb/Pb isotopic signatures, using to analyze procedure the rocks sample digest and leaching of stream sediments to obtained metal concentration and isotope ratios by ICP-MS. The results showed that concentrations on stream sediments have five different sources identifiable from five intervals isotopic signature 206Pb/207Pb 1.1229 to 1.1949 clearly defined. By this correlation with owner respective concentration it is observed than, preferentially, the basement rocks are the main influence in the basin stream and in second place come the mixtures of products of activities anthropogenic, mainly urbanization and sewage disposal. The biggest metals concentrations are cupper, lead, strontium, nickel and zinc. However all of metals concentrations are below actual legislation. That way the anthropic contamination it is located in areas with more intensity occupation and the natural sources predomination on the basin.
36
Rios, Reyes Carlos A. "Synthesis of zeolites from geological materials and industrial wastes for potential application in environmental problems." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/39855.
Full textAbstract:
Zeolites are among the least-known products for environmental pollution control, separation science and technology. Due to their unique porous properties, they are used in various applications in petrochemical cracking, ion-exchange and separation and removal of gases and solvents. The preparation of synthetic zeolites from chemical reagents is expensive. Therefore, in order to reduce costs, zeolite researchers are seeking cheaper aluminosilicate bearing raw materials, such as clay minerals, to produce synthetic zeolites. This research concerns the synthesis of zeolites and zeotypes derived from low-cost materials like kaolinite (KAO), natural clinker (NC) and fly ash (FA). The motivation for using these sources as the starting materials in zeolite synthesis is driven by factors, such as they are cheap and available in bulk quantities, are currently under-utilized, have high workability, and require less water (or solution) for activation. The raw materials were activated by two different routes: (1) classic alkaline hydrothermal synthesis and (2) alkaline fusion prior to hydrothermal synthesis. In the first method, the synthesis of zeolitic materials was carried out generally in alkaline media, although KAO or its calcination product, metakaolinite (MTK), was also activated in the presence or absence of structure directing agents (SDAs) and additional silica (precipitated SiO2), with the last one determining the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the reaction mixture and the time given for zeolitization. Synthesis in fluoride- and calcium-bearing media was also used to activate kaolinite. The process of synthesis was optimized by applying a wide range of experimental conditions with a wide range of reaction temperature, time, mineralizer concentration and solid/solution ratio. In the second approach, an alkaline fusion step was conducted prior to hydrothermal treatment, because it plays an important role in enhancing the hydrothermal conditions for zeolite synthesis. On the other hand, this approach was adopted because it can dissolve more aluminosilicates. The main synthesis products obtained after activation of KAO in NaOH solutions included zeolite LTA (LTA), sodalite (SOD), cancrinite (CAN), faujasite (FAU), zeolite Na-P1 (GIS), JBW-type zeolite (JBW), analcime (ANA), whereas the activation of KAO in KOH solutions produced chabazite (CHA), zeolite Barrer-KF, phillipsite (PHI) and K-feldspar. The hydrothermal conversion of kaolinite in fluoride media did not produce successful results, although traces of FAU, GIS, CHA, SOD and CAN crystallized. The activation of KAO in the system CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O promoted the formation of different calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases, including hydrogarnet (HYD) and tobermorite (TOB). Following the fusion approach, the main zeolitic phases obtained using NaOH as mineralizer were LTA and CAN. The main as-synthesized zeolites obtained from NC by the conventional hydrothermal treatment method include PHI, SOD and CAN. Using the fusion approach, FAU and LTA were obtained with NaOH as an activator, whereas non-zeolitic material crystallized when KOH was used. The main as-synthesized zeolitic materials obtained by hydrothermal reaction of FA include PHI, zeolite Barrer-KF, CHA and SOD with traces of TOB, ANA, zeolite LTF (LTF) and herschelite (HER), appearing occasionally. By the fusion approach, FAU was obtained with NaOH as activator, whereas no zeolitic material crystallized using KOH. Experimental results indicate that the method, mineralizer, concentration and time have strong effects on the type and degree of crystallinity of the synthesis products. On the other hand, the type and chemical composition of the as-synthesized products are strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the starting material. The chemistry of zeolite synthesis was subject to perturbations caused by the presence of impurities in the raw materials, which may remain insoluble during crystallization and cause undesired species to nucleate, developing mixtures of different types of zeolites. However, other physicochemical factors may play a very important role in the thermodynamics and kinetics of zeolite formation. The raw materials have very high contents of SiO2 and Al2O3, with SiO2/Al2O3 ratios appropriate for the synthesis of low-Si zeolitic materials with high crystallinity and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, although zeolites’ CEC represents a very important characteristic quality in the removal of undesired species from polluted effluents, it is not the deciding factor in determining zeolite performance during ion exchange processes, since numerous other factors also need to be considered. Finally, the potential application of the raw materials and their as-synthesized products as low-cost sorbents in the remediation of metal ions and ammonium from wastewater effluents was investigated. PHI showed a lower efficiency than FAU. Selectivity of FAU for metal removal was, in decreasing order, Fe>As>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr. Based on these results, the use of these materials has the potential to provide improved methods for the treatment of contaminated effluents.
37
Scott, Diane Lesley. "A geochemical investigation of the sediments in Small Bay, Saldanha Bay, with special reference to the mobility of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17944.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: pages 135-145.Saldanha Bay is a natural deep-water harbour situated on the Cape West Coast, approximately 100 km north of Cape Town. The bay is not an estuary, since there are no rivers or streams entering the inlet. Saldanha Bay covers a total area of approximately 9.61 x 107 m2 and consists of three interconnected water bodies: Langebaan Lagoon, Big Bay and Small Bay. The latter two are separated from each other by a causeway and a series of jetties. At present, Small Bay is the most developed of the water bodies, supporting activities such as commercial and industrial fishing, the mariculture of mussels, and the exportation of iron ore and metal concentrates. Conflicting demands are being placed on the system, and the sediments are known to be contaminated with a range of trace metals. The handling of ore and metal concentrates in particular, have been identified as a threat to the survival of the mariculture industries. The overall objective of this study was to provide a geochemical characterisation of the sediments in Small Bay. It focused on identifying the factors which have the greatest influence on the mobilities of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the sediments. This was achieved through a geochemical interpretation of the results obtained from analyses of sediment solid phase samples and pore water samples. Factors affecting the metal mobilities were identified by investigating the statistical relationships between calculated partition coefficients (Kp) and the characteristics of the sediment solid and aqueous phases.
38
Campbell, Alex E. "Chemical, physical and mineralogical properties associated with the hardening of some South African fly ashes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19250.
Full textAbstract:
Coal combustion for power generation is relied on heavily in South Africa. The main residue from the combustion process is fly ash, with about 22 million tons being produced in 1994, of which only about 1 million tons is utilised, the remainder requiring disposal as waste. Various environmental impacts are associated with the disposal of fly ash in surface impoundments, including loss of usable land, contamination of groundwater, and production of wind-blown particulates, effects on vegetation and aesthetic impacts. Ultimately the disposal of fly ash in the mined-out underground workings is highly sought after, as it may limit many of the impacts which fly ash induces on the environment. The main purpose of this study was to assess the degree of hardening of four South African fly ashes from power stations at Kriel, Lethabo, Matla and Sasol in terms of their chemical, physical and mineralogical properties. Samples were taken of fresh and unweathered ashes from each power station. Unweathered ash samples analysed by XRFS were found to have high contents of Si0 2 (49.9-56.3%), Al 2 0 3 (27.2-31.5%), CaO (4.2-8.6%Y and Fez03 (3.1-3.9%) with varying contributions from loss on ignition (L.O.I.) (0.4-4.4%) and MgO (1.1- 2.2%). The major mineral phases detected in unweathered ash by XRD include quartz, mullite and glass, with smaller contributions from hematite and lime. Laser particle size analysis and liquid limit determination (Atterberg tests) were also conducted. The exceptionally high L.O.I of Sasol ash (4.4%) was attributed to the presence of partially burned coal, based on DTA and TGA investigation. Modulus of rupture experiments were conducted on briquettes (dimensions 7.0 x 3.5 x 1.0 em) of unweathered ash from Kriel, Matla, Lethabo and Sasol, which were wetted to their liquid limit and cured for 24 h under ambient conditions. The tests indicated that there is a strong linear relationship between total Ca content and the modulus of rupture for 3 of the 4 unweathered ashes. The fly ash from Kriel deviates from this relationship, providing evidence that other chemical (e.g. form of Ca) and physical factors (e.g. particle size) may also play a role in hardening.
39
Pooley, Justin John. "Nutrient deficiencies in soils of the Mseleni area, Kwazulu-Natal." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18061.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: pages 80-90.This study constitutes a baseline epidemiological investigation into the nutrient status of soils in the Mseleni district of Kwazulu Natal, where nutrient deficiencies have been implicated in the etiology of an endemic disease. Mseleni Joint Disease (MJD) is a crippling, osteo-arthritic condition which afflicts an unusually high proportion of the inhabitants of this district. Home-grown produce and indigenous plants, which form the basis of the local diet, may be nutritionally inadequate due to soil-related nutrient deficiencies. In spite of this, and the fact that epidemiological studies have been successfully utilized to elucidate the etiology of similar diseases elsewhere, studies to date have not included soil chemical investigations. The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient status of soils in the area by means of both chemical analyses and plant growth trials. Water samples were also examined, especially in relation to fluoride levels.
40
Mills, Anthony. "Response of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) to irrigation with saline, sodic wastes and nitrogenous, manganiferous effluent." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23082.
Full textAbstract:
The Manganese Metal Company (MMC) situated in Nelspruit, Eastern Transvaal, South Africa produces a manganiferous saline effluent from a manganese ore leaching process. The high NH₄ content of the waste has been identified as a possible nitrogen fertilizer source. Irrigation of the MMC waste over nearby kikuyu ( Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures could thus potentially solve a waste disposal problem as well as provide fertilization of the pastures, although the high manganese content of the waste poses a risk of manganese toxicity or pollution. The kikuyu pastures are presently used as a land disposal system for a saline waste from a pulp bleaching process. Due to process changes, the dominant salt type in the waste is anticipated to change from KaCl to Na₂SO₄. Pot experiments with kikuyu were undertaken to investigate NaCl versus Na₂SO₄ salinity effects, Mn toxicity threshold levels and MMC waste versus a standard nitrogen fertilizer (NH₄NO₃) yield response. The results demonstrated that kikuyu grass is both salinity and Mn tolerant. Kikuyu salinity tolerance, using electrical conductivity as a salinity index, was significantly greater in NaCl than Na₂SO₄ salinity. This difference was attributed to the formation of SO₄ neutral ion pairs in Na₂SO₄ treatments which decreased cation uptake, increased osmotic stress relative to electrical conductivity and led to a possible SO₄-induced Ca deficiency. Cl adsorption in manganous sulphate and Na₂SO₄ treated soils was speculatively attributed to the formation of an undocumented ettringite-like mineral. Kikuyu exhibited both a fertilization effect and a Mn toxicity effect with manganous sulphate applications. An increase in yield occurred between Mn applications of 800 and 1600 mg/kg soil. This effect was attributed to increased nutrient availability as a result of nitrogen mineralisation and soil desorption processes. Mn applications of 3200 and 8000 mg/kg resulted in severe Mn toxicity symptoms and reductions in yield. Fertilization of kikuyu with NH₄NO₃ and MMC waste produced similar yield responses. Manganese toxicity did not manifest itself in MMC waste treated kikuyu, even at nitrogen loadings of 800 kgN/ha. Manganese attenuation in the soil by MnCO₃ precipitation, oxidation of Mn²⁺ and Mn adsorption are expected to prevent excess Mn²⁺ accumulation which would pose a Mn toxicity and water pollution risk. The disposal of untreated MMC waste as a nitrogen fertilizer substitute for kikuyu pastures is thus in principle a feasible operation in terms of maintaining pasture sustainability and preventing pollution of water resources.
41
Candido, Luciano Willen. "Identificação e mapeamento de cavas e pilhas de bota-fora de mineração como unidade geológico-geotécnica no município de Estiva Gerbi - SP /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92746.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José Eduardo ZaineBanca: José Cândido Stevaux
Banca: Antonio Roberto Saad
Resumo: A pesquisa tem como tema central o reconhecimento de áreas modificadas pela atividade de mineração como uma unidade geológico-geotécnica no Município de Estiva Gerbi (SP). As últimas décadas têm sido marcadas por grandes mudanças tecnológicas, pelo aumento da população e o decorrente aumento das cidades, tendo como reflexo a conseqüente elevação do consumo dos recursos naturais. Este estudo caracterizou cavas e pilhas de botafora, geradas pela atividade extração de argila para a indústria cerâmica, como modificadoras das características geológico-geotécnicas naturais dos terrenos. Para atingir o objetivo deste estudo foi realizado um mapeamento do Município de Estiva Gerbi onde a área de estudo foi dividida em 6 unidades geológico-geotécnicas: Unidade I - solos areno-argilosos, em relevo de média vertente da Formação Aquidauana; Unidade II - solos argilosos, em situação de baixa vertente da Formação Aquidauana; Unidade III - solo coluvionar, em situação de meia encosta de cobertura cenozóica indiferenciada; Unidade IV - solo residual, de topo de colinas amplas de cobertura cenozóica indiferenciada; Unidade V - solo aluvionar, de planície de inundação, e Unidade VI - áreas modificadas, onde foram agrupadas as áreas oriundas da atividade de mineração, individualizadas como uma unidade geológico-geotécnica específica. A pesquisa comprovou que as cavas e pilhas de bota-fora e sua área de influência possuem características particulares em relação às outras unidades. Através de observações de campo conclui-se que as principais alterações ambientais desta unidade são: a mudança no perfil de solo, a declividade do terreno, alterações no nível de água subterrâneo, a formação de lagos, as condições de permeabilidade, a aceleração de processos erosivos e a disposição de lixo...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The research main issue is the recognition of areas modified by mining activity as a geological-geotechnical unit in the Municipality of Estiva Gerbi (State of São Paulo). The last decades have been marked by great technological changes, population boost and the resulting enlargement of cities caused the elevation of natural resources consume. This study characterized furrows and putting out piles, generated by the activity of clay extraction to the ceramic industry as modifiers of geological-geotechnical natural aspects of the soil. To achieve the aim of this study, the Municipality of Estiva Gerbi was mapped and the study area was divided in 6 geological geotechnical units. Unit I sand-clay soils on a mid hogback relief of "Aquidauana Formation"; Unit II - clay soils, on a low hogback situation of "Aquidauana Formation"; Unit III - adjacent to river soil on a mid cliff of surface finish; Unit IV - residual soil, on the top of wide hills with Cenozoic undistinguished surface finish; Unit V - river soil, on flooding plains and Unit VI - modified areas, where the areas deriving from mining activity where grouped, individualized as a specific geological-geotechnical unit. The researched proved that furrows and putting out piles and its influence area has particular characteristics comparing to other units. Through field observations, it was concluded that the main environmental alterations of this unit are: the modification of the soil profile, the declivity of the terrain, subterranean water level alterations, the formation of lakes, the conditions of permeability, the acceleration of erosive processes and the disposal of refuse. According to specific literature about technogenical deposits, the putting out piles are classified as a built layer of spolic type.
Mestre
42
Sundvall, Rickard. "Water as a trace component in mantle pyroxene : quantifying diffusion, storage capacity and variation with geological environment /." Stockholm : Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38701.
Full textAbstract:
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.At the time of doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had the status as follows: Papers 3 and 4: Manuscripts. Härtill 4 uppsatser.
43
Axelsson, Magnus Bo. "The deep seabed environment of the UK continental margin : integration and interpretation of geological and biological data." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403818.
Full text
44
Magnusson, Mimmi K. "Geoelectrical imaging for interpretation of geological conditions affecting quarry operations." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9325.
Full textAbstract:
Determination of the subsurface geology is very important for the rock quarry industry. This is primarily done by drilling and mapping of the surface geology. However in Sweden the bedrock is often completely covered by Quaternary sediments making the prediction of subsurface geology quite difficult. Incorrect prediction of the rock-mass quality can lead to economic problems for the quarry. By performing geophysical measurements a more complete understanding of the subsurface geology can be determined. This study shows that by doing 2D-parallel data sampling a 3D inversion of the dataset is possible, which greatly enhances the visualization of the subsurface. Furthermore the electrical resistivity technique together with the induced polarization method proved to be very efficient in detecting fracture frequency, identification of major fracture zones, and variations in rock-mass quality all of which can affect the aggregate quality. With this technique not only the rock-mass quality is determined but also the thickness of the overburden. Implementation of geophysics can be a valuable tool for the quarry industry, resulting in substantial economic benefits.
45
Gultekin, Cagdas. "Feasibilty Study Of Sequestration Of Carbon Dioxide In Geological Formations." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612756/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Although there are some carbon capture and storage (CCS-CO2 sequestration) projects in all over the world, feasibility problems exist due to the high economical issues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a potential CCS project where the source of CO2 is Afsin Elbistan Thermal Power Plant. Selection of candidate sites in the vicinity of Diyarbakir, Batman and Adiyaman regions depends on sequestration criteria. According to sequestration criteria, CCS can be applied to Çaylarbasi mature oil field, Midyat saline aquifer and Dodan CO2 gas field. Disposing of CO2 from the source of Afsin Elbistan Thermal Power Plant is analyzed by pipeline and tanker. CO2 capturing technologies are determined from published literature. CO2 transportation can be applied by pipeline or tanker. CO2 transportation cost by pipeline and tanker are compared. It has been calculated that, transportation by pipeline is more economical compared to tanker transportation. It is further found that the number of boosting pump stations, the length of the pipeline and CO2 mass flow rate are the issues that alter the economical aspect in the pipeline transportation. The transportation costs by tankers depend on fuel cost, distance, tanker storage capacity, pin-up cost and CO2 storage facilities. The final part of CCS project is injection and storage of CO2 to the candidate areas. Reservoir parameters which are reservoir temperature, viscosity, permeability, reservoir pressure, reservoir thickness, CO2 density mass flow rate and injection pipe diameter determine the number and cost of the injection wells.
46
Київ, Вікторія Олегівна. "Environmental Impact Assessment when Building Materials Open Mining." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/49659.
Full textAbstract:
Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат у 2019-2020 навчальному році". Керівник проекту: доцент, к. геол.-мін. н. Дудар Тамара Вікторівна.Object of research – Horodenkivske deposit of brick raw materials in Ivano-Frankivsk region, as a threat to the ecology of society, mining industry. Aim оf work – assessment of technogenic loads and the analysis of ecological safety. Mehods of research: estimation by type and amount of expected waste, emissions (discharges), water, air, soil and subsoil pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat and radiation pollution, as well as radiation resulting from preparatory and construction work and planned activities.
47
Київ, Вікторія Олегівна. "Environmental Impact Assessment when Building Materials Open Mining." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43484.
Full textAbstract:
Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат у 2019-2020 навчальному році". Керівник проекту: доцент, к. геол.-мін. н. Дудар Тамара Вікторівна.Object of research – Horodenkivske deposit of brick raw materials in Ivano-Frankivsk region, as a threat to the ecology of society, mining industry. Aim оf work – assessment of technogenic loads and the analysis of ecological safety. Mehods of research: estimation by type and amount of expected waste, emissions (discharges), water, air, soil and subsoil pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat and radiation pollution, as well as radiation resulting from preparatory and construction work and planned activities.
48
Kwong, J. K. P. "Effects of geological and environmental factors on the engineering properties of weathered igneous rocks in Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354221.
Full text
49
Thompson, Kay Denise. "The stochastic characterization of glacial aquifers using geologic information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12235.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 286-290).
by Kay Denise Thompson.
Ph.D.
50
Ivanova, Violeta Mintcheva. "Geologic and stochastic modeling of fracture systems in rocks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10025.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-370).
by Violeta Mintcheva Ivanova.
Ph.D.