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1
Luo, Chao, Ailin Jia, Jianlin Guo, Wei Liu, Nanxin Yin, Cen Chen, Junlei Wang, Xuanbo Gao, and Zhiqiang Guo. "Modeling of dense well block point bar architecture based on geological vector information: A case study of the third member of Quantou Formation in Songliao Basin." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0222.
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Abstract Although stochastic modeling methods can achieve multiple implementations of sedimentary microfacies model in dense well blocks, it is difficult to realize continuous convergence of well spacing. Taking the small high-sinuosity meandering river sediments of the third member of Quantou Formation in Songliao Basin as an example, a deterministic modeling method based on geological vector information was explored in this article. Quantitative geological characteristics of point bar sediments were analyzed by field outcrops, modern sediments, and dense well block anatomy. The lateral extension distance, length, and spacing parameters of the point bar were used to quantitatively characterize the thickness, dip angle, and frequency of the lateral layer. In addition, the three-dimensional architecture modeling of the point bar was carried out in the study. The established three-dimensional architecture model of well X24-1 had continuous convergence near all wells, which conformed to the geological knowledge of small high-sinuosity meandering river, and verified the reliability of this method in the process of geological modeling in dense well blocks.
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Sinaga, Goldberd Harmuda Duva, Agoez Loeqman, Ruben Cornelius Siagian, and Mardame Pangihutan Sinaga. "Analysis of Coulomb Stress Changes in Aceh Earthquake on Sibayak Volcano." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi 8, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v8i2.4409.
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Based on geological conditions, Indonesia is located between the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate, and the Pacific plate, making Indonesia prone to tectonic earthquakes. However, since the big earthquake that occurred in Aceh on December 26, 2004, the geological conditions in Sumatra have undergone significant changes marked by stressful situations in the western to southern regions of Sumatra, especially on Sibayak Volcano. This study used data from BMKG and Global CMT, which included magnitude (Mw), depth, earthquake coordinates (longitude and latitude), type of earthquake, strike, dip, and rake. From the analysis using Coulomb 3.3, the highest coulomb stress value of Sibayak Volcano was obtained in 2015 with an average change in coulomb stress of 0.235 bar, shear 0.1909 bar, normal 0.1106 bar. However, the lowest coulomb stress value occurs in 2021 with a moderate shift in coulomb stress of 0.0593 bar, shear 0.0251, normal 0.0849 bar.
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Neuhoff, P. S., and D. K. Bird. "Partial dehydration of laumontite: thermodynamic constraints and petrogenetic implications." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 1 (February 2001): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646101550127.
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AbstractLaumontite is a common zeolite mineral indicative of low-grade metamorphism of lavas and volcaniclastic sediments. Stoichiometric laumontite (CaAl2Si4O12·4.5H2O) dehydrates in air at 298.15 K, 1 bar to leonhardite (CaAl2Si4O12·3.5H2O) via loss of water from the W1 crystallographic site. Consideration of reported X-ray diffraction and calorimetric data indicates that the standard molal volume and entropy for dehydration of laumontite to leonhardite + liquid water are ∼13 cc/mol and ∼8 cal/molK, respectively, at 298.15 K, 1 bar. Equilibrium between laumontite and leonhardite occurs at 70 to 80% relative humidity at 298.15 K, 1 bar, corresponding to a standard molal Gibbs energy and enthalpy of reaction of ∼170±40 and ∼2630±100 cal/mol, respectively. Calculated univariant equilibrium for this reaction is nearly linear from 46±3°C at 1 bar to 235±3°C at 5000 bar. Comparison of geological observations with these results suggests that laumontite forms as ‘leonhardite’ during metamorphism and diagenesis. Consideration of ‘leonhardite’, instead of laumontite, in low-grade metamorphic phase relations facilitates prediction of the relative stabilities of zeolites in natural and geologic systems, where calculated entropies of reaction incorrectly predict that assemblages bearing fully hydrated laumontite are stable at lower temperatures than the zeolites heulandite and stilbite.
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Qi, Ren Li, Kai Yuan Chen, Bo Niu, and Zhan Tao Xing. "The Depositional System of Dongying Formation and Subtle Reservoir Exploration in Sha’nan Structural Belt Qikou Sag of Bohai Bay Basin, China." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.32.
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The subtle reservoir has become an important exploration target within the Bohai Bay Basin, especially in the Qikou sag. In order to guide subtle reservoirs exploration in offshore area geological analysis to Sha’nan structural belt is carried out in this paper. Qikou sag has large thickness, high abundance, ideal type hydrocarbon source rock. By unconformity recognition technique and paleotectonic analysis technique, results show that tectonic uplift had provided sedimentary source to the depression around it after Es1. By 3-D seismic interpretation technique and Seismic facies analysis, the sedimentary facies was confirmed. Geological analysis results show that sand bar, subaqueous fan is developed around it in Ed3. With the new geological analysis data sedimentary model of Sha’nan structural belt has been built in this paper. The sand bar and subaqueous fans showed a good reservoir potential, which are advantageous to oil accumulations. The southern part of Sha’nan structural belt has good hydrocarbon exploration potential.
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Lee, J. B., P. R. Osborne, J. C. Williams, and A. S. Woodyatt. "Airborne spectral sensing of hydrothermal alteration minerals." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989081.
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Remote sensing infrared spectrometer data were collected with the Geophysical and Environmental Research Corp. 64 channel scanning spectrometer. These have been used to delineate geological units and, subject to some ambiguity, identify their mineralogy. Results are given for a survey area near Coppin Gap in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Here, clear distinction was obtained between the sericite mineralogy of the Hardey Sandstone and some members of the Marble Bar belt, and the carbonate or epidote/chlorite mineralogy of the Kylena Basalt and other units in the Marble Bar belt.From the airborne spectrometer data it was also possible to identify and map the occurrence of the mineral pyrophyllite. Analysis of field samples confirmed the identification and provided evidence that the technique was indeed mapping the occurrence of this mineral.The applicability of this technique has been assessed from other surveys in Australia, and it appears to require good geological exposure and sparse vegetation. There is some scope for extension of its applicability through further instrumental developments.
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Tong, Rui Ming, Xian Long Lu, and Wei Feng Zheng. "Experiment Study on Bolts Foundation of Large-Jointed Rock Mass in Transmission Lines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.344.
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Large-jointed rock mass is the main geological condition of transmission lines of Qingyuan Regions in Guangdong Province. The bolt foundations haven’t be studied and applied in this geological condition. Static load tests of 15 single-bolt foundations and 8 group-bolt foundations were carried out. Experiment study shows that the mechanical characteristics of bolt foundation are suitable for transmission lines in large-jointed rock mass. The design parameters of anchor bar in large-jointed rock mass are derived from the measured data:τa>2359kPa, τb>618kPa, τc>42kPa.
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Aleksandrov, Vadim, Marsel Kadyrov, Andrey Ponomarev, Kirill Galinskij, and Sergey Aleksandrov. "Genetic Zoning of the YUV1 Productive Horizon Deposits within the Tagrinsko-Yarainersky Bar." Key Engineering Materials 785 (October 2018): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.785.140.
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The developed litho-sedimentological model of deposits of the YUV1productive horizon makes it possible to choose the most effective technique for supplementary exploration of a natural reservoir and improve the quality of geological justification for its subsequent development. The research objective is to carry out paleogeographic and paleostructural reconstructions, to identify facies complexes in the Upper Jurassic productive deposits, and to identify zones for the development of improved reservoir units. With the help of paleogeographic and facies methods, the geological regularities of the development of the territory encompassing the Tagrinsko-Yarainersky Bar in the Late Callovian-Oxfordian Stage were studied.
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Li, Wanbing, Shaohua Li, Quangong Qu, Huafeng Zhang, Junying Zhao, and Mengjiao Dou. "A Modeling Approach for Beach-Bar Sand Reservoirs Based on Depositional Mode and Sandbody Volume." Minerals 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080950.
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Beach-bar sand in lacustrine facies represents one of the most significant reservoirs. Depending on the depositional characteristics, it can be further divided into two different sedimentary microfacies, beach sand and the bar sand. Favorable reservoirs are often developed in bar sand. The lower section of the upper part of the 4th member of the Shahejie Formation in the Gao89-1 block is a typical nearshore shallow water beach-bar deposit. Oil distribution is influenced by lithofacies and physical properties. In order to better characterize the heterogeneity within beach-bar sandbodies, a modeling method based on the depositional mode and sandbody volume is proposed. Firstly, a sandbody model is established. On this basis, an algorithm for distinguishing between beach and bar sand based on vertical thickness is proposed. The model is post processed based on the sandbody volume to remove unreasonable sandbodies. The method allows for a more realistic three-dimensional geological model of the beach-bar sands in the study area than the classical two-point geostatistical, object-based, and multi-point simulation method. A facies-controlled modeling approach is used to establish a petrophysical property model on this foundation; the result shows that the property models better reflect the characteristics of the petrophysical distribution in the Gao89-1 block.
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Li, Jun Jie, Yuan Fu Zhang, and Guo Guo Liu. "Sedimentary Research of Block8 in Jinglou Oilfield." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1435.
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By core observation and logging in Block8, Jinglou oilfield, we distinguished the sedimentary structure characteristics and the logs’ features of subaqueous distributary channel, mouth bar, sheet sand and interdistributary. Then we promoted it in the whole region, and characterised the sedimentary faices of every layers. So we provide a reliable geological basis for progressive development in research area.
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Bohloli, Bahman. "Effects of the geological parameters on rock blasting using the Hopkinson split bar." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 34, no. 3-4 (April 1997): 32.e1–32.e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(97)00228-1.
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Pfennig, Anja, and Axel Kranzmann. "Understanding the Anomalous Corrosion Behaviour of 17% Chromium Martensitic Stainless Steel in Laboratory CCS-Environment—A Descriptive Approach." Clean Technologies 4, no. 2 (March 24, 2022): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4020014.
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To mitigate carbon dioxide emissions CO2 is compressed and sequestrated into deep geological layers (Carbon Capture and Storage CCS). The corrosion of injection pipe steels is induced when the metal is in contact with CO2 and at the same time the geological saline formation water. Stainless steels X35CrMo17 and X5CrNiCuNb16-4 with approximately 17% Cr show potential as injection pipes to engineer the Northern German Basin geological onshore CCS-site. Static laboratory experiments (T = 60 °C, p = 100 bar, 700–8000 h exposure time, aquifer water, CO2-flow rate of 9 L/h) were conducted to evaluate corrosion kinetics. The anomalous surface corrosion phenomena were found to be independent of heat treatment prior to exposure. The corrosion process is described as a function of the atmosphere and diffusion process of ionic species to explain the precipitation mechanism and better estimate the reliability of these particular steels in a downhole CCS environment.
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Friday, Uhuo, Kenneth, Okoro, Anthony U., Igwe Ezekiel O., and Ukandu James S. "ANALYSIS OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF UK FIELD RESERVOIR SANDS IN NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA." American Journal of Applied sciences 04, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): 05–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume04issue12-02.
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The environments of deposition play a vital role during hydrocarbon formation, migration, trapping and storage. Since the reservoir rocks are a function of their depositional environments, the successful tapping of hydrocarbon from its host rock when wells are drilled depends largely on the petrophysical characteristics of the reservoir rocks which in turn originated from and are influenced by their depositional environment. The reservoir facies in Niger Delta shows a broad range of characteristic sedimentological complexities that gave rise to subsurface geological, drilling and production problems occurring in UK Field. The problems include inaccurate determination of environments of deposition, imperfect stratigraphic correlations and reservoir top uncertainty across the UK Field which are targeted by this research in other to help resolve these challenges facing oil and gas industries in the Niger Delta basin of Nigeria. The research findings will assist in the evaluation of depositional environments and well-to-well lithologic correlation within the UK Field and Niger Delta Basin at large. It will also help to unravel major causes of reservoir top uncertainty in UK Field. Also, it will help in future planning and drilling of new wells within UK Field. The determination of the depositional environments of UK Field reservoir sands were carried out to determine the depositional environment of reservoir sand bodies based on data from seven (7) wells. The determination of depositional environments of sand facies penetrated by wells UK1, UK2, UK3, UK4, UK5, UK6 and UK8 was achieved through a side-by-side comparison of their log suites to standard log motifs. Results of facies analysis showed that the reservoir sands belong to mostly (i) fluvial channel, (ii) barrier bar, (iii) lower-middle shoreface, (iv) distributary mouth bar, (v) distributary channel, (vi) point bar and (vii) tidal channel environments that belonged to parts of a deltaic system. Lithologic correlation result reveals the existence of good correlation among all wells in UK Field due to good geological similarities except well UK8 that failed to correlate perfectly with others thereby establishing the existence of reservoir top uncertainty within UK Field. Therefore, reservoir top uncertainty within UK Field is geologically controlled.
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Paudyal, Kabiraj. "Occurrences of mineral resources in Bandipur Gondrang area of Tanahun district, central Nepal, Lesser Himalaya." Journal of Science and Engineering 2 (January 30, 2014): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v2i0.22484.
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A detailed geological investigation was carried out to assess the distribution of minerals and their geological control in Bandipur-Gondrang area of Tanahu district, a part of Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal. The area is found rich in both metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits. The main metallic minerals found are iron in Phalamdada and Labdi Khola, copper in Bhut Khola and poly-metallic deposits including suspected gold in Bhangeri Khola and Jaubari Khola-Bar Khola sections. A large deposit of inorganic carbon is found around the Gondrang-Watak area. Similarly, a good quality of green marble (metabasite) is found as decorative stone in Bagar Khola area and good quality of roofing stone in Bandipur area. In addition to these economic deposits other several sub economic to non-economic mineral are also located in the geological map of the area. Categorization of these mineral deposits is based on the probable reserve and laboratory analysis of related samples. Geological control of mineral deposits is considered to be the stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic and hydrothermal. Iron mineralization of the area is found stratigraphical control, copper deposits by magmatism of basic rocks (amphibolites), and poly-metallic deposits are related to the hydrothermal processes.
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Prokofiev, Vsevolod Yu, and Vladimir B. Naumov. "Physicochemical Parameters and Geochemical Features of Ore-Forming Fluids for Orogenic Gold Deposits Throughout Geological Time." Minerals 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10010050.
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This paper reviews data from numerous publications focused on the physicochemical parameters and chemical composition of ore-forming fluids from orogenic gold deposits formed during various geological epochs. The paper presents analysis of the distribution of the principal parameters of mineralizing fluids depending on the age of the mineralization. Some parameters of the fluids (their salinity and pressure) at orogenic gold deposits are demonstrated to systematically vary from older (median salinity 6.1 wt.%, median pressure 1680 bar) to younger (median salinity 3.6 wt.%, median pressure 1305 bar) deposits. The detected statistically significant differences between some parameters of mineralizing fluids at orogenic gold deposits are principally new information. The parameters at which mineralization of various age was formed are demonstrated to pertain to different depth levels of similar mineralization-forming systems. The fluid parameters of the most ancient deposits (which are mostly deeply eroded) correspond to the deepest levels of orogenic fluid systems. Hence, the detected differences in the salinity and pressure of the mineralizing fluids at orogenic deposits of different age reflect the vertical zoning of the mineralizing fluid systems.
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Liu, Peng, Zude Ding, Wanping Zhang, Zhihua Ren, and Xuxiang Yang. "Using Ground-Penetrating Radar and Deep Learning to Rapidly Detect Voids and Rebar Defects in Linings." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (August 1, 2023): 11855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511855.
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The geological radar method has found widespread use in evaluating the quality of tunnel lining. However, relying on manual experience to interpret geological radar data may cause identification errors and reduce efficiency when dealing with large numbers of data. This paper proposes a method for identifying internal quality defects in tunnel lining using deep learning and transfer learning techniques. An experimental physical model for detecting the quality of tunnel lining radars was developed to identify the typical radar image features of internal quality defects. Using the geological radar method, a large volume of lining quality detection radar image data was collected, in conjunction with several examples of tunnel engineering. The preprocessing of geological radar data was performed, including gain and normalization, and a set of data samples exhibiting typical lining quality defects was prepared with 6236 detection targets in 4246 images. The intelligent recognition models for tunnel lining quality defects were established using a combination of geological radar image datasets and transfer learning concepts, based on the SSD and YOLOv4 models. The accuracy of the SSD algorithm for cavity defect recognition is 86.58%, with the YOLOv4 algorithm achieving slightly lower accuracy at 86.05%. For steel bar missing recognition, the SSD algorithm has an accuracy of 97.7%, compared to 98.18% accuracy for the YOLOv4 algorithm. This indicates that deep learning-based models are practical for tunnel quality defect detection.
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Lesparre, N., J. Marteau, Y. Déclais, D. Gibert, B. Carlus, F. Nicollin, and B. Kergosien. "Design and operation of a field telescope for cosmic ray geophysical tomography." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 1, no. 1 (April 20, 2012): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-33-2012.
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Abstract. The cosmic ray muon tomography gives an access to the density structure of geological targets. In the present article we describe a muon telescope adapted to harsh environmental conditions. In particular the design optimizes the total weight and power consumption to ease the deployment and increase the autonomy of the detector. The muon telescopes consist of at least two scintillator detection matrices readout by photosensors via optical fibres. Two photosensor options have been studied. The baseline option foresees one multianode photomultiplier (MAPM) per matrix. A second option using one multipixel photon counter (MPPC) per bar is under development. The readout electronics and data acquisition system developed for both options are detailed. We present a first data set acquired in open-sky conditions compared with the muon flux detected across geological objects.
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La Felice, Sonia, Tsegaye Abebe, Andrea Aquino, Simone Landi, Marco Lezzerini, and Claudia Principe. "Geological and Cultural Heritage: Dissemination Experiences in Tuscany." Heritage 2, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 2171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030131.
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We report on some recent experiences of scientific dissemination activities on geomaterials carried out by a network of scientific organizations in Tuscany (Italy). The primary message we want to disseminate is that even the most “insignificant” rock (e.g., those constituting the bar or kitchen counter-tops) stores in their interior very useful information beyond the beautiful colors and their aesthetic appearance. These rocks can tell stories of very old geological periods on how they were formed. Their structures, texture and shape, as well as their chemistry and mineralogy provide clues to the reconstruction of geological events. Moreover, the rocks used in urban architecture and monuments are an inexhaustible archive containing a lot of historical and economic information on the development of a city and its surrounding area. The role of geologists, in this context, is to provide to the public, in clear and engaging language, the tools necessary to solve the puzzle (i.e., identify the most important types of rocks and rock-forming minerals, know their physico-chemical properties, their textures and structures and discover the environments in which they formed). A specific objective of this work is to stimulate an exchange between various research organizations (universities, public research institutions, museums, associations, etc.) and the civil society.
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Lemenkov, Vasiliy, and Polina Lemenkova. "Using TeX Markup Language for 3D and 2D Geological Plotting." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fcds-2021-0004.
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Abstract The paper presents technical application of TeX high-level, descriptive markup language for processing geological dataset from soil laboratory. Geotechnical measurements included equivalent soil cohesion, absolute and absolute deformation index, soil compressibility coefficient by time of immersion depth, exposure time to compressive strength to samples and physical and mechanical properties (humidity, density). Dataset was received from laboratory based experimental tests of the physical and mechanical properties of soils. Data were converted to csv table and processed by LaTeX. Methodology is based on LaTeX packages: {tikz}, {tikz-3dplot}, {tikzpicture}, {pgfplot}, {filecontetns}, {spy} for 3D plotting showing correlation in variables and descriptive statistical analysis based on the data array processing. Results demonstrated LaTeX scripts and graphics: 2D and 3D scatterplots, ternaries, bar charts, boxplots, zooming techniques detailing fragment of the plot, flowchart. Research novelty consists in technical approach of TeX language application for geo- logical data processing and graphical visualization. Engineering graphics by TeX was demonstrated with screenshots of the codes used for plotting.
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Guo, Wei, Chunmei Dong, Chengyan Lin, Tao Zhang, Zhongxiang Zhao, and Jia Li. "3D Sedimentary Architecture of Sandy Braided River, Based on Outcrop, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Ground Penetrating Radar Data." Minerals 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060739.
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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses antennas to transmit and receive high-frequency electromagnetic waves to detect the properties and distribution of materials in media. In this paper, geological observation, UAV detection and GPR technology are combined to study the recent sediments of the Yungang braided river study area in Datong. The application of the GPR technique to the description of fluvial facies and reservoir architecture and the development of geological models are discussed. The process of GPR detection technology and application includes three parts: GPR data acquisition, data processing and integrated interpretation of GPR data. The geological surface at different depths and scales can be identified by using different combinations of frequencies and antenna configurations during acquisition. Based on outcrop observation and lithofacies analysis, the Yandong Member of the Middle Jurassic Yungang Formation in the Datong Basin has been identified as a typical sandy braided river sedimentary system. The sandy braided river sandbody changes rapidly laterally, and the spatial distribution and internal structure of the reservoir are very complex, which has a very important impact on the migration and distribution of oil and gas as a reservoir. It is very important to make clear the characteristics of each architectural unit of the fluvial sand body and quantitatively characterize them. The architectural elements of the braided river sedimentary reservoir in the Datong-Yungang area can be divided into three types: Channel unit, bar unit and overbank assemblages. The geological radar response characteristics of different types of sedimentary units are summarized and their interfaces are identified. The channel sediments form a lens-shaped wave reflection with a flat at the top and convex-down at the bottom in the radar profile, and the angles of the radar reflection directional axes are different on both sides of the sedimentary interface. In the radar profile, the deposit of the unit bar is an upward convex reflection structure. The overbank siltation shows a weak amplitude parallel reflection structure. The flood plain sediments are distributed continuously and stably in the radar profile, showing weak reflection characteristics. Different sedimentary units are identified by GPR data and combined with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) detection data, and the establishment of the field outcrop geological model is completed. The development pattern of the diara is clarified, and the swing and migration of the channel in different stages are identified.
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Rios Soberanis, Carlos Rolando, Victor Jose Ley Paredes, Emilio Perez Pacheco, Carlos Emilio Vinajera Reyna, Shuichi Wakayama, and Takenobu Sakai. "Experimental studies on the mechanical behavior of Mayan archeological rocks." DYNA 86, no. 208 (January 1, 2019): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n208.73581.
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Mayan buildings have been the subject of significant archaeological and architectural research; however, so far there have been no relevant references concerning structural or mechanical behavior. Ancient Mayan constructors used calcareous rocks to build temples and housing that were placed systematically to withstand mechanical loads in the structures. This paper studies the mineralogical and mechanical characteristics of calcareous stony material that formed part of Mayan archeological vestiges in Yucatan area. The orientation of the rocks´ geological strata was taken into account to study mechanical behavior from cylindrical cores in compressing test. On the other hand, bars were also manufactured to simulate lintel or architrave structural performance. Compression and bending tests confirmed a high influence of the geological layer orientation, since the mechanical properties of such rocks were found to vary with direction. Acoustic emission was used to provide information referring to onset and propagation of damage in cylinder and bar samples.
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Jendruś, Rafał, Arkadiusz Stawiarski, Grzegorz Pach, and Piotr Pierzyna. "Static Survey as Geological Engineering Method Verification of DSM Column Formation." Geosciences 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060216.
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The state-of-the-art methods for verifying the correctness of ground improvement performed using the DSM (Deep Soil Mixing) technology are largely focused on the selection of adequate factors impacting the achievement of a correct compressive strength fc [MPa] of the column core, which ensures the transfer of stress from the designed structures to the subsoil. In view of the operation of each of the columns, it is equally significant to ensure that their bases are located in load-bearing soil at the entire area of the improvement, without the need to perform many costly subsoil surveys. Based on the complementary soil investigation results and parameters obtained during deep soil mixing from an automatic logger installed on the drilling machine, a method of comparing the rotary drive pressure (working pressure) PKDK [bar] and the cone resistance qc [MPa] of the CPTU static probe (Cone Penetration Test Unit with Pore Pressure Measurement) was developed along with the method to interpret the results in the context of the correctness of the ground improvement on the construction site analyzed in this paper.
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Guo, Qiang, Da Kang Zhong, Yu Lin Wang, and Yan Chun Zhong. "Characteristics of Petroleum Geology and Prediction of Favorable Areas in Jiufotang Formation, Kazuo Basin." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.3.
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Through the research on actual measurement 106km geological profile, the hydrocarbon source rocks mainly develop the third member of Jiufotang formation, followed by the second member. There are five distribution areas where have been divided hydrocarbon source rocks thickness is more than 400m in study area. Among them, Jiufotang area has the greatest sedimentary thickness of hydrocarbon source rocks, while Siguanyingzi-Sanjiazi area has the largest area where hydrocarbon source rocks are more than 400m. Oil shale is good hydrocarbon source rock, while dark gray and black gray mudstone (or shale) are relatively poor. The fan delta front subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar are well-developed in basin’s fault zone and also the important favorable reservoir, followed by braided delta front mouth bar, subaqueous distributary channel and distal bar developing in northwestern area of the basin. There are four forms of source-reservoir-cap combination: (1) hydrocarbon source rock in the above layer and reservoir in the below layer; (2) hydrocarbon source rock and reservoir in the same layer; (3) normal form; (4) fingerlike intersection. The combination of fingerlike intersection is the most important forms in study area. Fan delta facies next to lacustrine facies is favorable exploration area.
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Zhang, Yue, You-liang Ji, Hui-jian Wen, Shi-zhong Ma, Dong-lai Bai, Bin-chi Zhang, and Ben-kang Xing. "Flow Unit Model of Channel Sand Body and Its Effect on Remnant Oil Distribution: A Case Study of PI Formation in the Eastern Transition Zone of Daqing Oilfield." Geofluids 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5707250.
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To analyze the effect of various flow units in a channel sand body on remnant oil, we established a connection between various flow unit types and the remnant oil distribution. Using stratigraphic correlation and the characterization of sedimentary microfacies, we describe a single sand body, point bar, and narrow channel located at the injection-production well pattern of well B2-60-FB271 in the Eastern transition zone of the Daqing Placanticline. Architecture models of the point bar and narrow channel are also established using a series of parameters from different measurement methods. Four types of flow units (strong-current limiting, medium-current limiting, weak-current limiting, and none-current limiting) in the point bar sand body were identified, whereas one type, unshielded unit, was identified in the narrow channel. Geological parameters, such as porosity, permeability, and pore-throat radius (r50), were optimized to quantitatively characterize these various flow units. Samples were obtained from well B2-60-FB271 and analyzed by the freeze-fluorescence thin section technique. According to the displacement degree, the microscopic remnant oil was divided into three types: (1) free-state remnant oil, (2) semi-free-state remnant oil, and (3) bound-state remnant oil. We found that the strong-current limiting flow unit in the point bar is the enrichment area of free-state microscopic remnant oil and that the medium-current limiting and weak-current limiting flow units also have relatively high free microscopic remnant oil. These constitute the remaining oil enrichment areas in the study area.
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Ni, Chun Zhong, and Dong Wang. "Application of Geophysical Exploration Results in Prospecting Prediction at Xiayingfang Silver Polymetallic Deposit in Chengde, Hebei Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.607.
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Xiayingfang mining area in the structure of the earth is part of north China platform of Inner Mongolia axis and yanshan fold belt, which belong to the northern margin of north China platform polymetallic metallogenic belt. Give priority to with silver polymetallic minerals, in the area are mainly distributed at Xiayingfang - Dongshan fault belt and its two side. Ore bodies occur mainly in group a bar at the bottom of the Tuanshanzi group banded dolomite and dolomitic limestone. After analyzing the characteristics of geophysical prospecting in the area, combined with the study of geological conditions, it is good for further prospecting.
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Lang, S. C., J. Kassan, J. M. Benson, C. A. Grasso, and L. C. Avenell. "APPLICATIONS OF MODERN AND ANCIENT GEOLOGICAL ANALOGUES IN CHARACTERISATION OF FLUVIAL AND FLUVIAL-LACUSTRINE DELTAIC RESERVOIRS IN THE COOPER BASIN." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99023.
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Reservoir characterisation in fluvial and fluvial- lacustrine delta successions is enhanced by the use of appropriate modern and ancient analogues to understand subsurface reservoir architecture and to help build appropriately scaled reservoir models. Two case studies of reservoir characterisation in the Cooper Basin are used to illustrate the value of analogues. Firstly the Late Permian Toolachee Formation crevasse splay reservoirs of the Cooper Basin, southwest Queensland are outlined, and analogues from the Ob River in Western Siberia illustrate the relative scale of crevasse splay deposits within avulsion belts in a cool-temperate peat-forming environment. The South Blackwater coal mine in the Permian Bowen Basin is used as an analogue to quantify the 3D geometry and reservoir architecture of crevasse splays and to highlight subsurface reservoir heterogeneity.Secondly, the Early Permian Epsilon Formation shallow water lacustrine delta reservoirs are outlined, and analogues from the extant geometry of the distributary channels and relict mouth bar deposits from the fluvial dominated Neales Delta in Lake Eyre are used to interpret flow rate decline trends and probable reservoir architecture. The subsurface Tertiary lacustrine deltaic complex of the Sirikit Field from the Phitsanulok Basin, central Thailand, is selected as an ancient analogue for the multistorey reservoirs developed within amalgamated mouth bar complexes intersected in the lower Epsilon Formation.
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Murray, John. "Editorial." Journal of Micropalaeontology 13, no. 1 (September 1, 1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.13.1.1.
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Abstract. The Journal of Micropalaeontology is now well-established as an international publication covering all aspects of microfossils and their applications both in applied studies and in basic research. This has been brought about through the unstinting efforts of the two previous editors, Lesley Sheppard (1982-87) and Mike Keen (1988-94), and their supporting Editorial Boards. Last autumn, the officers of the Society decided that with the appointment of a new editor, the journal should be published through the Geological Society Publishing House. Since becoming Editor in March, my first task has been to implement the arrangements with the Geological Society. The advantages to the BMS are several. First, there is now a clear separation of duties between the Editorial Board, who will handle all aspects of scientific content and quality control of manuscripts accepted for publication, and the Publishing House, who will be responsible for the entire process of publication and distribution. Second, we gain from professional advice over format and layout. Third, the competitive pricing includes advertising in Geological Society publication lists and reciprocal arrangements with other major geological societies throughout the world. The first obvious manifestation of these changes is in the newly designed cover which now includes a list of keywords, the ISSN number and a bar code to conform with modern publishing practice.Another major change of policy concerns the role of the Editorial Board. Previously, each Specialist Group nominated an editor who then handled manuscripts appropriate to his or her specialty. As the number of Groups has
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Mala, Harti Umbu, and Juliany N. Mohamad. "Arah Penyebaran Stress Coulomb pada Batuan akibat Gempabumi Kairatu 26 September 2019." Wahana Fisika 5, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/wafi.v5i1.24500.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui arah penyebaran stress batuan yang diakibatkan oleh gempabumi Kairatu dan diduga memiliki keterkaitan dengan kejadian gempabumi yang terjadi setelahnya. Penelitin ini menggunakan data kejadian gempabumi yang diperoleh dari katalog United State Geological Survey (USGS) dan Badan Meteorologi, Klimantologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) pada tanggal 26 September 2019 dan setelahnya. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode perubahan Coulomb stress menggunakan software Coulomb 3.3. Hasil analisis, menunjukkan bahwa gempabumi Kairatu memiliki mekanisme sumber yakni sesar geser sedikit oblige ke arah barat laut, mengalami peningkatan perubahan stress batuan positif yang dominan ke empat arah yakni utara, timur, selatan dan barat dengan kisaran harga 0,4 – 1,0 bar. Kondisi dengan nilai perubahan stress yang tinggi ini, sangat berpotensi membangkitkan gempabumi susulan dengan kedalaman hiposenter berkisar ≤ 70 km. This research aims to study the direction of the coulomb stress change caused by the Kairatu earthquake and its influence with earthquake events that occur afterwards. This research uses earthquake event data obtained from the catalog of the United State Geological Survey (USGS) and Badan Meteorologi, Klimantologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) on September 26, 2019. The method used is the Stress Coulomb Change using Coulomb 3.3 software.The results of the analysis, showed that the Kairatu earthquake had a sourceof focal mechanism is shear fault oblige to northwestward. It has increasing positive stress changes that dominant to the north, east, south and west directions with the range 0.4 - 1.0 bar. This conditions that have high stress changes are very make possible to triggering earthquake after the main earthquake occurred with the hypocenter ≤ 70 km. Kata kunci: Earthquake; Coulomb Stress Change; Kairatu.
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Dou, Mengjiao, Shaohua Li, Tao Lei, Guanglei Ren, Xiaohui Li, Ying Guo, Wenjie Feng, and Xianghui Zhang. "Hierarchical Multiple-Point Geostatistical Modeling Method and Application Based on Braided River Reservoir Architecture." Minerals 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111398.
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The Lower Shihezi Formation of the Daniudi gas field in the Ordos Basin is a typical reservoir of a braided river system in an alluvial plain, characterized by extensive braided river development, parallel development from the near source to the center of the basin, and frequent interweaving and cut stacking, as well as a complex deposition process that has seen frequent river channel changes. The braided river belt, braided channel, channel bar inside the river, and interlayer within the channel bar constitute a hierarchical and complicated architectural feature, which poses a great challenge to accurately characterize this type of reservoir for modeling. We proposed a hierarchical, level-by-level embedding, and progressive multiple-point geostatistical modeling strategy that is refined layer by layer according to a 5–3 level architectural unit hierarchy, with the modeling results of each level providing constraints for the next level modeling. The hierarchical geological model based on the combination of qualitative architectural anatomy and quantitative pre-architecture unit scale is critical in guiding the efficient development of the remaining gas in the braided river reservoir in Daniudi.
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SHANG, Xiaofei, Taizhong DUAN, Jiagen HOU, and Yan LI. "Spatial configuration of sand and mud in the lacustrine nearshore sand bar deposits and its geological implications." Petroleum Exploration and Development 46, no. 5 (October 2019): 954–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(19)60252-1.
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Cheng, Y. M., S. K. Au, and Albert T. Yeung. "Laboratory and field evaluation of several types of soil nails for different geological conditions." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 4 (April 2016): 634–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0267.
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For steep slopes with difficult access or slopes in a corrosive environment, there are various problems associated with the use of conventional steel reinforcement bars as soil nails. For loose-fill slopes or clay slopes, the development of adequate nail bond strength is another practical issue that should be considered. Carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) in several forms and installation methods have been studied as the alternatives to the classical steel bar. Extensive laboratory tests on the materials and field tests on different types of soil nails with various methods of installation have been carried out in Hong Kong, Korea, and Australia. Test results support the use of these materials with an innovative installation method as soil nails under different geological conditions, and the suitability and performance of these materials under different conditions are assessed in the present study.
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Chen, Pan Pan, Jun Xie, Cun Lei Li, Meng Qi Wang, Yi Dan Liu, and Bai Chuan Li. "Application of Facies-Controlled Physical Property Modeling in Oubei Block, Jinhu Depression." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1359.
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Three dimensional (3D) models provide insights into the distribution, external and internal geometry of the reservoirs. The core description shows that the fourth segment of Funing Formation (E1f4), Oubei Block, Jinhu Depression mainly develop delta front subfacies which included underwater distributary channel, mouth bar, sand sheet and so on. Well data and structural maps were integrated to build 3D structure model and sedimentary microfacies model of Oubei reservoirs using stochastic simulations with geometry data. The result of facies-controlled property model can reasonably reflect reservoir characteristics in detail, providing a reliable geological model for late reservoir adjustment and valuable reference for numerical reservoir simulation as well.
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Bielka, Paweł, Szymon Kuczyński, and Stanisław Nagy. "CO2 Compression and Dehydration for Transport and Geological Storage." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041804.
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Observation of the greenhouse effect prompts the consideration of every possibility of reducing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. One of the key methods that has been the subject of much research is Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the main technologies of CO2 capture, separation, and dehydration as well as methods of its transport and methodology of selecting a suitable geological storage site. An installation of dehydration and compression of carbon dioxide captured after the post-combustion was designed at a temperature of 35 °C, a pressure of 1.51 bar, and a mass flow rate of 2.449 million tons/year, assuming that the geological storage site is located at 30 km from the capture place. For the dehydration process, a multistage compression and cooling system were applied, combined with a triethylene glycol (TEG) dehydration unit. The mass flow rate of TEG was selected as 0.5 kg/s. H2O out of the TEG unit was 26.6 ppm. The amount of energy required to compress the gas was minimized by adopting a maximum post-compression gas temperature of 95 °C for each cycle, thereby reducing plant operating costs. The total power demand was 7047 kW, 15,990 kW, and 24,471 kW, and the total received heat input was 13,880.76 kW, 31,620.07 kW, and 47,035.66 kW for 25%, 60%, and 100% plant load, respectively. The use of more compressors reduces the gas temperature downstream through successive compression stages. It also decreases the total amount of energy required to power the entire plant and the amount of heat that must be collected during the gas stream cooling process. The integration of CO2 compression and cooling system to recover heat and increase the efficiency of power units should be considered.
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Martín, Domingo, Patricia Aparicio, Susana García, and María Mercedes Maroto-Valer. "Mixed-Layer Illite-Smectite Illitization under Supercritical CO2 Conditions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 11477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211477.
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The long-term safe storage of CO2 in geological reservoirs requires the understanding of the impact of CO2 on clay-rich sealing cap rocks. The reactivity of the mixed layer of illite-smectite was investigated to determine the reaction pathways under conditions of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) conditions in the context of geological CO2 storage. A common clay (blue marl from the Guadalquivir Tertiary basin, southern Spain) was tested under brine scCO2 conditions (100 bar and 35 °C) for 120 and 240 h. The clay sample (blue marl) contains calcite, quartz, illite, smectite, and the corresponding mixed-layer and kaolinite. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyses were performed. The illitization of mixed-layer illite-smectite was observed by XRD and confirmed by a variation in the content of different elements (K, Mg, Na, Ca, and Fe) of the transformation, as well as an increase in the specific surface (SSA) of the clay (36.1 to 38.1 m2/g by N2, 14.5 to 15.4 m2/g by CO2 adsorption). Furthermore, these reactions lead to mineral dissolution and secondary mineral formation along the CO2–water–clay intercalations of the source rock were responsible for a change in porosity (7.8 to 7.0 nm pore size). The implications of illitisation, mineral destruction, and precipitation processes on CO2 storage and clay layer integrity should be explored before deciding on a geological storage location.
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Nakagawa, Seiji. "Split Hopkinson resonant bar test for sonic-frequency acoustic velocity and attenuation measurements of small, isotropic geological samples." Review of Scientific Instruments 82, no. 4 (April 2011): 044901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3579501.
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Cachoir, Christelle, Thierry Mennecart, and Karel Lemmens. "Evolution of the uranium concentration in dissolution experiments with Cr-(Pu) doped UO2 in reducing conditions at SCK CEN." MRS Advances 6, no. 4-5 (March 18, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00027-y.
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AbstractCr-doped UO2-based model materials were prepared at SCK CEN, mimicking modern LWR fuels, to understand the influence of Cr doping on the spent fuel dissolution behaviour in geological repository conditions. Tests were carried out with four model materials: depleted UO2, Cr-doped depleted UO2, Pu-doped UO2 and Pu-Cr-doped UO2. Static dissolution experiments have been performed up to 4 months in autoclaves under 10 bar H2 pressure with a Pt/Pd catalyst in media at pH 13.5 and at pH 9. The Cr-doping appeared to reduce the U concentrations by a factor 6 at pH 13.5, but it had no or not much effect at pH 9. Graphic abstract
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Hong, Dae Sun, Do Un Kim, Hyo Jeong Kang, Sang Wook Hwang, and Sang Sik Lee. "Finite Element Analysis on a 250 kN.m-Type Rotary Drilling Rig for Foundation of Geological Construction." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.545.
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Rotary drilling rigs, general construction equipment, are widely used for deep drilling of ground for the foundations of public works. A new 250kN.m-type rotary drilling rig, most widely used in this field, is under development, and this study focuses on the operational safety of the mast subassembly on the basis of structure analysis of the mast subassembly using a finite element method with ANSYS. When using a drilling rig, an electric rotary drive supplies power for drilling. Here, the elevation of the rotary drive along the mast needs to be changed according to the geological construction environment. Through the analysis, the allowable torques at various elevations of the rotary drive are evaluated, also the safety of the drilling tool called the kelly bar subassembly is examined. Finally, the suitability of the mast subassembly design is examined from the analysis results.
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Redding, J. H. "Route selection for natural gas pipelines in Ireland." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.56.
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AbstractBy the end of 1986, over 400 km of high pressure (70 bar) natural gas pipeline will have been constructed in the Irish Republic, much of it laid in sparsely populated rural areas where topography, hydrology, near surface geology and ground conditions can significantly influence construction feasibility and cost. Identifying, quantifying and (where possible) avoiding areas of potential difficulty or hazard are aspects of route selection to which engineering geology can make an important contribution. This contribution is discussed in relation to the Cork-Dublin pipeline completed in 1982, and the Limerick, Waterford and Mallow lines due for completion this year. In particular, the application and merits of stereo aerial photographic interpretation, superficial geological mapping and field study are outlined, together with the use of more traditional methods of site investigation. Attention is focussed on indigenous engineering geological problems associated with shallow rock, limestone karst, peat bog and poorly drained alluvial and morainic soils. Data acquisition and presentation are discussed within the overall context of civil engineering contract preparation and administration. The usefulness of this approach, particularly for predicting and minimising construction costs, forestalling claims and generally facilitating on-site supervision, is emphasised.
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Pandey, Jyoti Shanker, Yousef Jouljamal Daas, Adam Paul Karcz, and Nicolas von Solms. "Enhanced Hydrate-Based Geological CO2 Capture and Sequestration as a Mitigation Strategy to Address Climate Change." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 5661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215661.
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Geological sequestration of CO2-rich gas as a CO2 capture and storage technique has a lower technical and cost barrier compared to industrial scale-up. In this study, we have proposed CO2 capture and storage via hydrate in geological formation within the hydrate stability zone as a novel technique to contribute to global warming mitigation strategies, including carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and to prevent vast methane release into the atmosphere caused by hydrate melting. We have attempted to enhance total gas uptake and CO2 capture efficiency in hydrate in the presence of kinetic promoters while using diluted CO2 gas (CO2-N2 mixture). Experiments are performed using unfrozen sands within hydrate stability zone condition and in the presence of low dosage surfactant and amino acids. Hydrate formation parameters, including sub-cooling temperature, induction time, total gas uptake, and split fraction, are calculated during the single-step formation and dissociation process. The effect of sands with varying particle sizes (160–630 µm, 1400–5000 µm), low dosage promoter (500–3000 ppm) and CO2 concentration in feed gas (20–30 mol%) on formation kinetic parameters was investigated. Enhanced formation kinetics are observed in the presence of surfactant (1000–3000 ppm) and hydrophobic amino acids (3000 ppm) at 120 bar and 1 ℃ experimental conditions. We report induction time in the range of 7–170 min and CO2 split fraction (0.60–0.90) in hydrate for 120 bar initial injection pressure. CO2 split fraction can be enhanced by reducing sand particle size or increasing the CO2 mol% in incoming feed gas at given injection pressure. This study also reports that formation kinetics in a porous medium are influenced by hydrate morphology. Hydrate morphology influences gas and water migration within sediments and controls pore space or particle surface correlation with the formation kinetics within coarse sediments. This investigation demonstrates the potential application of bio-friendly amino acids as promoters to enhance CO2 capture and storage within hydrate. Sufficient contact time at gas-liquid interface and higher CO2 separation efficiency is recorded in the presence of amino acids. The findings of this study could be useful in exploring the promoter-driven pore habitat of CO2-rich hydrates in sediments to address climate change.
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Lesparre, N., J. Marteau, Y. Déclais, D. Gibert, B. Carlus, F. Nicollin, and B. Kergosien. "Design and operation of a field telescope for cosmic ray geophysical tomography." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2011): 47–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-1-47-2011.
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Abstract. The cosmic ray muon tomography gives an access to the density structure of geological targets. In the present article we describe a muon telescope adapted to harsh environmental conditions. In particular the design optimizes the total weight and power consumption to ease the deployment and increase the autonomy of the detector. The muon telescopes consist of at least two scintillator detection matrices readout by photosensors via optical fibres. Two photosensor options have been studied. The baseline option foresees one multianode photomultiplier (MAPM) per matrix. A second option using one multipixel photon counter (MPPC) per bar is under development. The readout electronics and data acquisition system developed for both options are detailed. We present a first data set acquired in open-sky conditions.
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Linde, N., J. Doetsch, D. Jougnot, O. Genoni, Y. Dürst, B. J. Minsley, T. Vogt, N. Pasquale, and J. Luster. "Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 3 (March 4, 2011): 729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011.
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Abstract. Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes.
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Linde, N., J. Doetsch, D. Jougnot, O. Genoni, Y. Dürst, B. J. Minsley, T. Vogt, N. Pasquale, and J. Luster. "Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 6 (November 18, 2010): 8987–9021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-8987-2010.
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Abstract. Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data are often hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes.
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Khan, A. A., and A. C. Chaterjee. "GEOMORPHOLOGY OF GARHWAL HIMALAYA, PARTS OF CHAMOLI TEHRI UTTAKASHI & PAURI UTTAR PRADESH (UTTRARKHAND) INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15960.
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The Geological and Geomorphological study in Upper Ganga basin has been attempted in parts of de Uttarkashi,Chamoli, Pauri and Tehri districts an area of 10000 Sq.kms in parts of QA sheet 53Jand 53 N on 1:50000 scale of Garhwal Himalaya U.P presently known as Uttrakhand State of Union of India. Out of total area of study, an area about 3500 sq.Kms has been selected for detailed Geological, Geomorphological and Sedimentological study. The area of Upper Ganga basin consisting of Alaknanda,Bhagirathi,Bhilangna, Nandakini, Mandakini, Pindar, Dhauli- Ganga Bal- Ganga , Madhmeshwar Ganga and Berhi Ganga The Alaknanda is chracterised by six terraces followed by Bhagirathi with five terraces , Bhilangna Nandakini four terraces Mandakini /Pindar/Dhauli-Ganga /Balganga three terraces , Madhmshwar Ganga two terraces and Bberhi Ganga one terrace,amidst these Alaknanda is trunk stream and others are tributaries. Geomorphologically the area is divided in to seven geomorphic units viz High relief formerly glaciated area, Structural hills, Denudational hills, Area of mass wasting, High level dissected fans, river Terraces and Present day flood plain of Alaknanda and its tributaries . These units area developed in response to lithology to erosional land depositional activities and tectonic in which they are embedded. Each unit is characterized by drainage, diagnostic geomorphic landform elements and features, photo charcters and morphogenetic expression. The other geomorphic features and elements identified in the area are point bar, channel bar, alluvial fans ,talus cone , rock cut terraces fan cut terraces , abandoned channel ,epigenetic gorges, strand lines landslides ,rock fall scree and scree slope, retreating scarp, abandoned cirque, arêtes, threshold, horn peak and glacial lake. The area genetically comprised of terraces of three domains, viz. Glacial, Fluvio-glacia and Fluvial which represent distinct environment of sedimentation of Pleistocene, late Pleistocene and Holocene time during Quaternary period. The Glacial terraces are identified at an average elevation of 1150 m above MSL, the fluvio-glacial terraces at an average elevation of 975m above MSL and Fluvial terraces at an average elevation between 650 to 900 m above MSL.
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Patutin, Andrey V., Andrey N. Drobchik, and Yuri S. Zaharov. "DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONAL TESTING OF THE TOOL FOR TRANSPORTING DEVICES IN UNCASED BOREHOLES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2 (July 8, 2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-2-148-152.
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Reducing the cost of conducting studies of the physical and filtration properties of unmined rocks at a considerable distance from the workings is an urgent task. Its solution will clarify the features of geological structure of the massif and optimize the mining scheme. The article presents the results of the development and operational testing of the tool for transporting measuring instruments along an uncased borehole drilled from underground working. The tool is based on a circuit with two pneumatic cylinders and a pneumatic control valve, the input of which is supplied with compressed air. During tests in the model of the uncased borehole, it was found that the transportation speed is 9 m/min and the generated push force at an air pressure of 10 bar is 58 kgf.
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Liu, Xinxi, Yu Li, Fujun Zhao, Yanming Zhou, Weiwei Wang, and Shengnan Li. "Experimental Research on Mechanical and Energy Characteristics of Reinforced Rock under Dynamic Loading." Shock and Vibration 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4356729.
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The properties of anchored surrounding rock may vary considerably under complex geological and stress conditions, especially dynamic loading in deep mining. Therefore, comprehensive study of the reinforced mechanism is required to prevent failures associated with deep mining. In this paper, with sandstone as matrix and steel bar as bolt, the dynamic compression test of reinforced rock was carried out by using a 50 mm rod diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device. The mechanical and energy characteristics of reinforced rock under dynamic loading were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic strength of reinforced sample is greater than that of unreinforced sample and increases with the increase of the strain rate. The reflected energy and absorbed energy increase with the increase of incident energy, while the transmitted energy increases slightly. The higher the strain rate, the larger the energy dissipation rate and the higher the degree of fragmentation. It shows that the energy dissipation characteristic reflects the internal damage process to some extent. Compared with the results of unreinforced samples, the reflected energy of reinforced samples significantly increases and the absorbed energy will significantly decrease. It can be seen that the bolt can reduce absorbed energy of surrounding rock, thereby improving the stability of roadway surrounding rock. The results may provide reference for the stability of deep roadway and support design.
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Lesmes, David P., Scott M. Decker, and David C. Roy. "A multiscale radar‐stratigraphic analysis of fluvial aquifer heterogeneity." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 5 (September 2002): 1452–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512745.
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The objective of this study is to use an integrated and multiscale exploration approach to quantify the geometrical parameters that are needed to predict block hydraulic conductivity tensors within fluvial deposits. We use 3‐D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data, electromagnetic (EM) surveys, resistivity soundings, and hand‐augered borings to characterize the 3‐D architecture of fluvial deposits on a floodplain of the Piscatiquis River, near South Sebec, Maine. Field‐scale surveys made across the entire floodplain were used to map the depth to the glacially eroded bedrock surface and the thickness of the overlying sediments, which consist of glaciomarine clay, fluvial sands and silts, and overbank deposits. An EM conductivity anomaly in the center of the floodplain defines the position of a ridge in the glaciomarine clay deposit. This ridge separates horizontally bedded sand and silt deposits in the northern half of the floodplain from inclined point‐bar sand and silt deposits in the southern half of the floodplain. The orientation and spacing of the lateral accretion surfaces (or bounding layers) within the point‐bar deposits in the southern part of the floodplain were measured in a 3‐D GPR survey conducted over a 50‐m2 grid. The geometrical parameters defining the internal architecture of the point‐bar deposits are used to estimate anisotropy ratios for the principal components of the block hydraulic conductivity tensor. This integrated exploration approach establishes a framework for quantifying fluvial aquifer heterogeneity from local to regional scales. Geostatistical methods and geological models can be used to integrate the local‐scale and field‐scale surveys. With the addition of more local‐scale surveys, geophysical logs, and high‐resolution cores, this exploration approach can be used to develop a multiscale flow model for the entire floodplain.
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Heydarli, S. O. "Specification of structural-tectonic configuration and geological risks in the estimation of reserves in Darvin kupesi field." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 03 (March 15, 2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2022-03-4-9.
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Based on the newly drilled wells, the paper specifies structural-tectonic properties of Darvin kupesi field. Despite the long-term development of the field, numerous improvements have been revealed. New wells have been drilled during last years, on the basis of which geological structure of the field has been defined. Correlation schemes and geological profiles have been developed by means of new wells. Stratigraphic borders have been specified based on the correlation schemes. The structural map has been developed, the sites and forms of faults defined and the reserves by Girmaki suite and Lower Girmaki horizons calculated as well. The main objects are Girmaki and Lower Girmaki suites, which, in their turn, are divided into several horizons. Water-oil contour and oil area have been defined for both formations. Oil reserves by blocks have been estimated via С1 and С2 categories. The risk bar graphs and diagrams of sensitivity analysis have been developed for field reserves. For conducting analysis, at first the values of input parameters have been entered. As a result, a graph of distribution of oil reserves has been specified and Р 90, Р 50, Р 10 marks obtained. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out for definition of parameters, which will significantly affect the process of field development. The affect percentage of all parameters impacting the reserves has been specified, the parameters with high effect level selected.
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Ding, Shuhui, Jindong Bai, Jingliang Han, Haixia Wang, and Fai Ma. "Mechanical Characteristics Analysis and Structural Optimization of Key Component of Self-Moving Temporary Support." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 10745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110745.
Full textAbstract:
In order to prevent a roof fall accident of a coal mine roadway mining face, temporary support must be provided before the permanent support of the roadway. At present, the commonly used forepoling bar support has poor reliability and low efficiency, and other machine-mounted or self-moving temporary supports are also difficult to use widely due to the complex geological conditions and limited working space at the heading face. On the basis of the mechanical characteristics analysis and numerical simulation of the wall rock support system, we propose a temporary support scheme that can adapt to the uneven roof of the roadway and the complex geological conditions on site, and that can ensure the cooperative operation of multiple equipment on site. A self-moving temporary support (SmTS) is designed, and its mechanical characteristics are analyzed to meet the mechanical requirements of the wall rock support system on the mining face. The multiobjective optimization of the main beam structure based on response surface methodology (RSM) is carried out to eliminate the design redundancy on the premise of meeting the support requirements of the main beam. Our research provides a novel method and corresponding equipment for the temporary support of a mining face. Applications of the proposed approach in the 7900 mining area of a mine proves the effectiveness of the method and equipment.
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Lowell, G. R., and M. Ahl. "Chemistry of dark zinnwaldite from bom futuro tin mine, Rondônia, Brazil." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 4 (August 2000): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549553.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPhysical and chemical properties of lustrous black mica from greisen veins at the Bom Futuro tin mine indicate that it is a relatively Fe-F-rich, Li-poor zinnwaldite with a composition near the midpoint of the polylithionite-siderophyllite join. On the basis of 22 oxygens, the mica contains 1.28–1.73 atoms of Li with an average octahedral occupancy of 5.61 and a filled interlayer site. Compositional variation reflects the net effects of alteration, coupled tetrahedral-octahedral substitutions, and petrogenetic factors related to vein fluid chemistry. Geological constraints and compositional data suggest the Bom Futuro zinnwaldite crystallized at T ≈ 500°, P ≈ 1–500 bar, and fO2 ≈ 10−23. High Mn-Zn concentrations in the Bom Futuro mica appear to be a feature of Fe-Li micas from evolved anorogenic granitic systems not shared by orogenic counterparts.
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Patra, Punyatoya, and Roshani Devi. "Assessment, prevention and mitigation of landslide hazard in the Lesser Himalaya of Himachal Pradesh." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0062.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Landslides are destructive geological processes that have globally caused deaths and destruction to property worth billion dollars. Landslide occurrences are widespread and prolific in India covering more than 15 per cent of the total area. These are mostly concentrated in the Himalayan belt, parts of Meghalaya Plateau, Nilgiri Hills, Western and Eastern Ghats. The slope failure in the hilly terrain is due to geological processes and events. The frequency and magnitude of slope failure also increased due to anthropogenic activities such as road construction, deforestation and urban expansion. Keeping all these problems in mind research focuses on the Lesser Himalaya of Himachal Himalaya as it falls under very high risk zone in case of landslides and comprise of three objectives. They are: a) to analyse the spatial pattern of landslides in the Lesser Himalaya, b) to assess the causes of landslides vulnerability in the study region and c) to suggests some preventive measures to mitigate landslides. In this work an attempt has been made to collect data on landslides incidences and damage from the secondary sources like Geological Survey of India, Building Material and Technology Promotion council from Ministry of Urban Affairs. The methodologies adopted for data analysis are simple tabulations, bar diagrams, statistical and mapping techniques to represent the Landslide vulnerability of the Lesser Himalaya. The analysis of the study reveals that there is increase in the number of landslides. The spatial pattern of landslide shows linear patterns, viz. along roads, rivers or lineaments/ faults. Besides, heavy rainfall, floods and earthquakes enhance the vulnerability condition. The landslides may be part and parcel of the Himalayan landscape, but they can be mitigated by some suitable measures. Few methods of landslide prevention in the study region have been suggested.
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Wang, Hui Yong, Yun Yin Zhang, and Ming You Tan. "Application of Seismic Prediction Technique on Complex Lithological Reservoir in SL Oilfeild." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1763.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the proven reserves of lithological reservoirs account for a little more than two-thirds of the total proven reserves in SL Oilfield. The seismic predication technique as the key exploration method of lithological reservoirs focuses on identifying and describing reservoirs, especially on sand bodies. For the lacustrine faulted basin with various complex lithological reservoirs, based on the different geological characteristics of the reservoirs, a series of techniques suitable for channel sand, sandy conglomerate, turbidite and beach bar reservoirs have been developed and applied in the lithological reservoir identification and description and have made great progress in the actual exploration.PrefaceSince 1990s, the exploration in SL Oilfield has already developed to that of subtle reservoirs. The proven reserves of lithological reservoirs account for nearly 70% of the total reserves. The seismic predication technique as the key exploration method of lithological reservoirs focuses on identifying and describing reservoirs, especially on sand bodies. For lithological reservoir exploration in complex geologic conditions, lots of studies have been completed in order to obtain great success in many areas [1-7]. With the increasing degree of exploration, lithological reservoirs will become the key role in the future. It is very important to apply geophysical data for identification and description of lithological reservoirs. It has significant effect to improve exploration benefit and the production.