Academic literature on the topic 'Geography, Geology, and the Environment'

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Journal articles on the topic "Geography, Geology, and the Environment"

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Iwahashi, Junko, Yoshiharu Nishioka, Daisaku Kawabata, Akinobu Ando, and Hiroshi Une. "Development of an online learning environment for geography and geology using Minecraft." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-143-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The purpose of this research is to give children a geographical viewpoint, and to encourage an interest in, and awareness of, landforms and geology. We created a system based on an exploration type computer game and verified the educational effects. Moreover, we aim to reach not only the virtual aspect but we also have a goal of creating interest in the actual field. As a secondary effect, by using a computer game that attracts children’s interest, we aim to make the experience of solving issues subjective and active even if the player is a passive child, a child with little inquiry, or a child who is not adept at self-assertion. With this new approach, we also hope to interact with young generations who usually do not interact with researchers.</p><p>Many thematic maps of geography and geology are already published on the Web. They are popular among those who need to collect and view the information for some reason or with those who are interested in observing topographic maps and are interested in geology. However, in particular, the approach to children who do not have such motivation needs one more step: a mechanism to induce an inquiring mind, and a mechanism that leads to finding the information and having interest in the real field.</p><p>The platform of this research is Minecraft Education Edition (Mojang/Microsoft). Minecraft is very popular game software which has exceeded one hundred million users worldwide in recent years, and in Japan there are many elementary and junior high school student enthusiasts of Minecraft. In the game a user explores a virtual world made of cubic blocks. The blocks imitate vegetation, rock formations, and other items, and can create various puzzles. In recent years, the release of the Education Edition assumes use in classrooms.</p><p>In this research, we have constructed a virtual world tailored to a specific junior high school which teaches science classes to first grade students. First, we re-created the actual school buildings and also included the underground geologic strata based on data from boring. In addition, we created a mechanism to expand children’s imagination and knowledge about past environments which can be understood from the geological strata. We also provided checkpoints and gave challenges regarding knowledge about the formation of the land. Together with this modern world, we created ancient virtual worlds so users may understand the geological history around the school’s location.</p><p>Through the experience of this research, we were able to confirm the mechanisms for promoting motivation in children and aiding their understanding of science. It can be applied to systems other than Minecraft, and it can contribute to educational support in a wide variety of fields.</p>
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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Geodiversity and geoheritage in the perspective of geography." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2021-0008.

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Abstract The paper states that geodiversity is the abiotic complement to biodiversity, and is considered to be the elements associated with the abiotic environment, e.g. geological diversity, geomorphodiversity, pedodiversity, hydrodiversity and climodiversity. Geoheritage is considered as the geological heritage of a site, but is here presented as the abiotic heritage of a site, and is related to geological heritage, geomorphoheritage, pedoheritage, hydroheritage and climoheritage. Thus, it is possible to talk about geological sites, geomorphosites, pedosites, hydrosites and climosites. Geodiversity and geoheritage are strongly linked to geology. However, it is also a new paradigm to geography, as physical geography classically works with abiotic and biotic environments.
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Park, Chris. "Book Review: Environmental geology: geology and the human environment." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 22, no. 4 (December 1998): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339802200410.

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Al-Homoud, Azm S., Robert J. Allison, Basam F. Sunna, and K. White. "Geology, geomorphology, hydrology, groundwater and physical resources of the desertified Badia environment in Jordan." GeoJournal 37, no. 1 (September 1995): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00814885.

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Luo, Lesley. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Geography and Geology, Vol. 14, No. 2." Journal of Geography and Geology 14, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v14n2p61.

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NIKOLAOU, SISSY. "USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOSEISMIC HAZARDS." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 01, no. 04 (December 2007): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431107000195.

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This paper presents integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) developed to perform seismic hazard and risk assessment. The systems can perform complex interactive computations which would be difficult and time-consuming to carry out manually, such as: (i) deterministic and probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis; (ii) evaluation of different ground motion and seismic source models; (iii) assessment of the effect of local geology; (iv) generation of design-compatible time histories; and (v) damage assessment of spatially distributed structural systems. An application for the New York City metropolitan area demonstrates that despite the scarcity of recorded data, incomplete knowledge of seismic wave propagation characteristics, and sometimes insufficient geologic data, it is possible to arrive at a rational estimate of the seismic risk potential in a probabilistic manner, combining available information and uncertainties in the GIS environment.
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Priest, Tyler. "Extraction Not Creation: The History of Offshore Petroleum in the Gulf of Mexico." Enterprise & Society 8, no. 2 (June 2007): 227–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700005851.

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Offshore development is one of the most important but least analyzed chapters in the history of the petroleum industry, and the Gulf of Mexico is the most explored, drilled, and developed offshore petroleum province in the world. This essay examines offshore oil and gas development in the Gulf of Mexico, highlighting the importance of access and how the unique geology and geography of the Gulf shaped both access and technology. Interactions between technology, capital, geology, and the political structure of access in the Gulf of Mexico generated a functionally and regionally complex extractive industry that repeatedly resolved the material and economic contradictions of expanding into deeper water. This was not achieved, however, simply through technological miracles or increased mastery over the environment, as industry experts and popular accounts often imply. The industry moved deeper only by more profoundly adapting to the environment, not by transcending its limits. This essay diverges from celebratory narratives about offshore development and from interpretations that emphasize the social construction of the environment. It challenges the storyline of market-driven technology and its miraculous ability to expand and create petroleum abundance in the Gulf.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "Geophysical Mapping of Ghana Using Advanced Cartographic Tool GMT." Kartografija i geoinformacije 20, no. 36 (February 15, 2022): 16–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.20.36.2.

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Ghana is a country exceptionally rich in geologic mineral resources with contrasting topographic relief and varied geophysical setting. This paper evaluated the geological and geophysical setting of Ghana with a special focus on the impact of the geologic setting and topography on gravity. Specifically, it assessed how variations in geology, topography, landscapes and the environment control the geophysical parameters and how these vary among the major regions of the country – the Volta Basin, Northern Plains, Ashanti-Kwahu (Kumasi) and Coastal Plains in the Accra surroundings. Previous studies utilizing traditional Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches have documented the geologic evolution of Ghana evolved as a part of the West African Craton. As a contribution to the existing research, this paper presents a regional analysis of Ghana by integrated mapping of geology, geophysics and topography of the country. The technical approach of this research focuses on utilizing the console-based scripting cartographic toolset Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) integrated with QGIS for processing and mapping the datasets: General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM-2008), gravity grids. The theoretical background is based on the geologic research of West Africa supported by high-resolution data. The paper defines a conceptual cartographic framework for integrated geologic and geophysical visualization in a regional-scale mapping project on Ghana.
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Gray, Richard E., Brian H. Greene, Ryan W. Fandray, and Robert J. Turka. "Engineering Geology, History and Geography of the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Area." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 27–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-1830.

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ABSTRACTThe City of Pittsburgh, PA is located west of the Appalachian Mountains in the Appalachian Plateaus Province. The relatively flat surface of the plateau is dissected by drainage from the three principal rivers of the region, the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio. The formation of Pittsburgh’s three rivers and drainages has a long history dating back to before the Pleistocene Epoch, linked closely to the advance and retreat of continental glaciation.Western Pennsylvania is associated with the westernmost formation of the Appalachian Mountain chain with deformation in the form of a series of nearly flat-lying, gently warped Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Rocks cropping out in the region range in age from Devonian to Permian. Pennsylvanian strata are dominated by thin cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, claystone, coal, and limestone. Most of the geologic hazards present in the region include slope instability, expansive shales and slags, mine subsidence, acid mine drainage, pyritic acid rock and flooding. The region also has an abundance of natural resources including coal, natural gas, oil, salt, limestone, sand and gravel and water.Pittsburgh's strategic location helped shape westward expansion during the formation of the Nation, largely because of the rivers, which served as an inexpensive, yet efficient means of transportation. Infrastructure was always significant in Pittsburgh. However, the existing aging infrastructure are deteriorating. Today, Pittsburgh has transcended the legacy name, “Steel City” and has revitalized itself with nationally-recognized universities and medical centers and a resurgence in natural gas exploration. However, many environmental legacy issues still burden the area.
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Ellis, Erle C. "Physical geography in the Anthropocene." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 5 (October 2017): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317736424.

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Even as it remains an informal term defining the emergence of humans as a force transforming Earth as a system, the Anthropocene is stimulating novel research and discussion across the academy and well beyond. While geography has always been deeply connected with the coupled human–environment paradigm, physical geographer’s embrace of the Anthropocene still appears lukewarm at best. While there are good reasons to hesitate, including the fact that the Anthropocene is not yet, and might never be, formalized in the Geologic Time Scale, physical geographers have much to gain by embracing what is rapidly becoming the most influential scholarly discussion on human–environmental relations in a generation. This editorial was commissioned for the author’s debut as Contributing Editor of Progress in Physical Geography.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geography, Geology, and the Environment"

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Dominy, Simon C. "The geology of the china clay deposits of Southwest England with particular reference to their chemical properties." Thesis, Kingston University, 1993. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20351/.

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The geology and commercial properties of china clay deposits in Cornwall and Devon have been investigated in the field and by laboratory methods. Two deposits were studied, the Lower Bostraze pit on Land's End and the larger Lee Moor pit on southwest Dartmoor. These china clay deposits are hosted in biotite monzogranites which have been subject to a history of hydrothermal alteration. SEM and XRD studies show that extreme argillic alteration is characterised by total destruction of the feldspars which are replaced by a fine-grained assemblage dominated by kaolinite and secondary mica. Partial alteration leads to assemblages of secondary mica, smectite and kaolinite. Pervasive alteration leads to a reduction of bulk rock density as a result of the leaching of alkali-metals and silica from the system. Kaolinite forms euhedral to anhedral platelets with larger booklet or vermiform stacks. TEM work has revealed that the kaolinite populations are composed of a mixture of euhedral and anhedral crystallites, a low disorder clay will be composed of euhedral crystallites with a subordinate number of anhedral kaolinites. The stack and booklet forms are common at higher structural levels within the deposits and are probably formed under supergene conditions. Fluid inclusion studies indicate a complex pattern of fluid/rock interaction. Inclusion abundances provide a measure of the amount of fluid that has passed through the granite, the most intensely altered granites having the highest values. The inclusion populations in kaolinized granites are dominated by regular to irregularly shaped liquid-vapour and vapour-only inclusions that sometimes contain a phase identified by SEM-EDS as kaolinite. The earliest episode of fluid activity was responsible for the formation of hydrothermal sheeted vein swarms, breccias, microfracturing and pervasive phyllie alteration. These formed from high temperature, dominantly magmatic fluids from between 250 to > 400°C with moderate to high salinities (10 to 40 eq.wt. % NaCl). These fluids were followed by cooler < 100 to 200°C, less saline (< 13 eq.wt. % NaCl) meteoric fluids that were responsible for the first stages of kaolinization. A small number of low/moderate temperature (180-220°C) high salinity (25-35 eq. wt. % NaCl) inclusions were found which are most likely to represent the influx of basinal brines during wrench fault re-activation and thus played a role in the kaolinization process. Homogenization temperature and salinity signatures for weakly and intensely kaolinized granites are similar and suggest that the degree of kaolinization is controlled by the volumes of fluid that pervade the granites. Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies show that the isotopic compositions of kaolinite plot close to the kaolinite weathering line, indicating growth/re-crystallization in a supergene environment. Evidence for the epithermal regime under which kaolinization took place is found in both pits where late quartz-filled cross-course veins contain a significant amount of silica, iron oxides and re-mobilized/re-crystallized kaolinite. Stable oxygen isotope analyses of cross-course vein quartz from Lower Bostraze pit supports the fluid inclusion data which suggest a low temperature epithermal environment of deposition. The flow of fluids through the granite was controlled by the intensity of fracture systems present. Both pits host sheeted vein swarms and breccias which acted as regions of enhanced permeability and are coincident with zones of intense kaolinization. Pre-granite wrench-faults were re-activated following granite emplacement and played an important part in providing zones of high permeability during kaolinization. Laboratory studies have shown that the commercial properties of paper coating clays are controlled by their mineralogy, which is determined by the precursor mineralogy of the granite and its hydrothermal history. The yellowness of a clay is related to the amount of iron oxide present either adsorbed onto the kaolinite surfaces or as discrete particles. In general terms the higher the yellowness values the lower the brightness values. Abrasion is related to the levels of quartz and feldspar present. Anomalously high abrasion values at Lee Moor have been shown by SEM to be due to the presence of silica coatings on kaolinite and K-feldspar laths from antiperthites. Viscosity is related to the levels of mixed-layer smectite/mica phases and smectite in the ultrafine fraction. Viscosity is also related in a complex way to the particle size and shape of kaolinites. An intensely altered granite will contain well-formed blocky crystallites which will have good viscosity values, weakly altered granite will contain smaller thinner particles the viscosity of which is poor. The zones of intense kaolinization around vein swarms are dominated by blocky, well-formed low disorder kaolinite crystallites which have good viscosity and brightness values. Partially altered granite contains less kaolinite and more mica and smectite. The kaolinite will be dominated by less well-formed high disorder crystallites which may be stained by iron oxides thus increasing yellowness.
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Bjornson, Jean. "Les glissements rétrogressifs de fonte de la rivière Willow, Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Canada: Caractéristiques sédimentologiques, distribution spatiale et temporelle." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26444.

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The Willow River (Richardson Mountains, N.W.T.) drainage basin is located at the western limit reached by the Laurentide ice-sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The icesheet covered the eastern fringe of the Mountains and deposited a lodgment till. The textural maturity and the lithology of the erratics indicate a distant origin to the till. During deglaciation, the retreating ice-sheet provided a supply of melt water to the aggrading permafrost. The resulting ice rich permafrost has been the host to two periods of thermokarst activity. The first, synchronous with the early Holocene warm period, led to an increase in active layer thickness and slope instability. The second, more recent, dates to the Little Ice Age and may have resulted from an increase in either fire frequency or intensity, or in modifications to the vegetation cover. Today, numerous active and inactive retrogressive thaw slumps can be seen throughout the drainage basin, but their distribution is restricted to the LGM. The slumps are polycyclic in nature and their headwall typically expose 2 units: the lodgment till (unit 1) overlain by a diamicton (unit 2) separated by a thaw unconformity. The latter is not associated to the paleo-active layer observed elsewhere in the Canadian northwest. Air photographs show an increase in thermokarst activity during the two last decades.
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Arpin, Sarah Marie. "Karst Hydrogeology of the Haney Limestone, South-Central Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1253.

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South-central Kentucky has one of the world’s most intensively studied karstareas, with most work focusing on the Mammoth Cave System and related caves and aquifers. However, slightly higher in the stratigraphic section than Mammoth Cave, the Haney Limestone is a locally important but less well studied carbonate aquifer. This research provides the most comprehensive synthesis to date of the karst hydrogeology of the Haney Limestone of south-central Kentucky, focusing on the distribution and controls on cave and karst features developed within. In contrast to drainage systems within the major limestones below, joints are the most dominant control on passage development in the Haney Limestone within the study area and the orientation of these joints is consistent with that of regional joint sets. Bedding planes and the presence of insoluble rock at the base of the Haney also exert control on conduit development in the Haney Limestone. Most of the caves of the study area developed in the Haney Limestone are singleconduit caves that receive water through direct, allogenic sources. Cave entrances are frequently perennial spring resurgences and the presence of active streams suggests that the caves function within the contemporary landscape, acting as drains for localized recharge areas. The hydrology of the Haney Limestone plays an important, if localized, role in the regional hydrology of south-central Kentucky, integrated into the current system of surface and subsurface drainage of the regional karst landscape. Evidence supports the idea that caves of the Haney Limestone are, geologically, relatively recent phenomena. A majority of the cave passages in the study area are hydrologically active, the water resurging from the sampled springs is typically undersaturated with respect to limestone, and the caves in some case appear to be developed along potential stress release fractures associated with small, apparently young valleys. This suggests that caves in the Haney Limestone were not directly influenced by the incision of the Green River over vast periods, like Mammoth Cave, but that cave development is a largely contemporary process.
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Moore, Amy M. "Spatiotemporal Analyses of Child Pedestrian-Vehicle Incidents Occurring during School-Commuting Hours in Metro Atlanta from 2000 to 2007." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/35.

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From 2000 to 2007, the five core county area of Metropolitan Atlanta (Fulton, Dekalb, Clayton, Cobb and Gwinnett) experienced 1,871 incidents involving child pedestrians. Nearly one-third of these incidents occurred during school-commuting hours. This study examines the geospatial locations of these incidents, with regards to the location of all 647 public schools within the study area. A GIS is used to analyze the spatiotemporal arrangement of these incidents in order to find risk factors and patterns in the data. Aspects of the built environment are then considered in areas with higher frequencies of child pedestrian-vehicle incidents. A walkability assessment is conducted to assess risk factors involved in the increased incident frequencies in an area of Stone Mountain. A correlation with the location of parks, recreation centers and other destinations are found. Improvements and installation of crosswalks are suggested in order to improve safety and walkability of child pedestrians in these areas.
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Levy, Beth Michele. "High-Resolution Seismic Stratigraphy of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River System: Subaqueous Deltaic Progradation on the Bengal Shelf." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617696.

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Lambert-Smith, J. S. "The geology, structure and metallogenesis of the world class Loulo-Bambadji Au district in Mali and Senegal, West Africa." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/29998/.

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The 2.1 Ga Kedougou-Kenieba Inlier in West Africa hosts outstanding mineral wealth, with ~45 Moz of gold and 630 Mt of iron ore hosted along the Senegal-Mali Shear Zone (SMSZ). To the west of the SMSZ the Faléme’ Volcanic Belt (FVB). Detailed petrography and analysis of igneous rocks by solution lCP-MS and AES show that the FVB is comprised of calc-alkaline volcaniclastic sediments, lavas and plutonic rocks, hosts iron ore in a series of magnetite skam deposits. To the east of the SMSZ, the Kofi series is comprised of clastic sedimentary rocks and peraluminous granite plutons. Orogenic Au hosted in the Loulo-Bambadj i district of the Kofi Series (including the Gara, Yalea and Gounkoto mines) is spatially associated with epigenetic tourmaline alteration, while widespread albite alteration is associated with early stages of mineralisation in both the FVB and the Kofi Series. A >400 ppm boron soil anomaly along >100 km strike length of the SMSZ is related to widespread tourrnalinisation of sedimentary rocks in the Kofi Series. The Au deposits of the Kofi Series are characterised by a Fe-As-Cu-Au-Ag i REES-W-Ni-Te metal association. Ore assemblages are pyrite and arsenian pyrite dominated with accessory chalcopyrite, Ni-sulphides, scheelite and REE phosphates. Two distinct hydrothermal fluids were involved in Au mineralisation in the Kofi Series: 1) a moderate temperature (315-340 °C), low salinity (<10 wt. % NaCl equiv.), low density (31 gcm -3), HzO-COZ-NaCl-HZSiNz-CH4 fluid; and 2) a high temperature (up to 445 oC), hypersaline (~40 wt. % NaCl equiv.), high density (~1.3 gcm -3), H2O-CO2-NaCl+-FeCl2-B fluid. This hypersaline fluid has been interpreted as being sourced from crystallising magmatic bodies, new data presented here suggests otherwise. Stable isotope data (0, C and S from silicate, carbonate and sulphide minerals) indicate that volatiles involved in ore formation were generated through metamorphic devolatilisation reactions within the Kofi Series; this is interpreted to be the source of the low salinity fluid. Isotopically heavy delta 34 values (+25 %o) from diagenetic pyrite together with 11 B-enriched isotopic ratios in hydrothermal tourmaline (-4.6 to +19.8 %), measured by SIMS, suggest that the hypersaline fluid formed through dissolution of evaporite units formerly present in the Kofi Series. Furtheirnore, dating of magmatic zircons from nearby plutons by LA-ICP-MS shows a considerable time gap between magmatism at ~2100 Ma and mineralisation at ~2030 Ma. Fluid inclusion data from the Gounkoto deposit indicates that phase separation in the metamorphic sourced fluid was an important mechanism for ore deposition. In addition, discrete sections of the deposit exhibit evidence that partial mixing of the high salinity and low salinity end member fluids enhanced phase separation through retrograde boiling. The hypersaline fluid is widely distributed along the SMSZ, with increasing abundance toward the FVB in the west. Hypersaline inclusions at the Karakaene Ndi magnetite skam deposit in the FVB imply that the hypersaline fluid played a significant role in the development of the magnetite skarn deposit. The NaCl content allowed efficient transport of Fe to sites of ore formation in F6C120 complexes.
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Azmi, Azrin. "Late Triassic to early Jurassic microfossils and palaeoenvironments of the Waterloo Mudstone Formation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8517/.

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Northern Ireland Waterloo Mudstone Formation has received relatively little attention due to the scarcity of exposures and poor availability of subsurface records. The recent recovery of latest Triassic to Early Jurassic strata from boreholes permits further study of biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental using foraminifera and ostracods. The samples are from boreholes (Ballinlea-1, Magilligan and Carnduff-1) and exposures (White Park Bay, Tircrevan Burn, Larne, Ballygalley, Ballintoy and Kinbane Head). The age of the sections, established using foraminiferal biozonation ranges from latest Triassic (Rhaetian) to earliest Pliensbachian (JF9a). The assemblages recovered broadly similar to those elsewhere in NW Europe; European Boreal Atlantic Realm. The latest Rhaetian to earliest Sinemurian low diverse microfossil assemblages dominant by metacopid ostracods with occasional influx of opportunist foraminifera but gradually, foraminiferal abundances exceed the ostracods in the Early Sinemurian onwards with their highest diversity in the Late Sinemurian. The foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by foraminifera of the Lagenida, other groups include the Miliolida, Buliminida and Robertinida. Based on the microfossils, the sediments are considered to represent confined inner shelf environment in latest Rhaetian to Hettangian then gradually recovered to well-oxgenated, open marine deposits of outermost inner shelf to middle shelf in Early Sinemurian to Early Pliensbachian.
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Jaweesh, Mahmoud. "Correlations between fluviatile sandstone lithofacies and geochemical properties and their importance for groundwater contaminant transport." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8170/.

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Reactive groundwater contaminant transport is dependent upon hydraulic and geochemical property distributions. The aim of this research was to determine, for an example fluvial sandstone: (i) the degree of correlation between geochemical property values and lithofacies (LFs); and (ii) the effect of the correlations on reactive solute transport. A 60 m core from the carbonate-cemented, red-bed Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group was examined. Five fluvial LFs were identified, in fining upwards cycles from a channel lag sandstone (LF5) to a low energy mudstone (LF1). The main geochemical properties investigated were carbonate content, oxide content, sorption capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and selectivity coefficient; Surface area and colour were also studied. There is a clear distinction in carbonate content, CEC, selectivity coefficient and Fe and Mn oxide content between LF1 and LF2, the ‘mud’ LFs, and the matrix of LF3, LF4 and LF5, the ‘sand’ LFs. In addition, the pellets change the bulk geochemical properties of the sand LF units. Modelling indicated that the pellets can affect solute mobility significantly. Selectivity coefficients show a possible depth zoning. Distribution parameter values obtained characterize the sequence for geochemical modelling and uncertainty estimation. Oxide coating thickness was estimated at about 100nm. CEC was found to be well-correlated with surface area. Colour/Fe/Mn content correlations suggest a possibility in future to use colour logging to indicate oxide content and possibly even surface area and CEC. As the sequence examined appears typical of many red-bed fluvial sequences, it is suggested that the findings may also be typical of other similar continental sandstones.
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Olivier, Bernard. "The geology and petrology of the Merelani tanzanite deposit, NE Tanzania." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1093.

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Thesis (PhD (Earth Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
Tanzanite, a blue/violet gemstone variety of zoisite (Ca2Al2O.AlOH[Si2O7][SiO4]) is only produced in NE Tanzania. The only known locality is an approximately 7km2 deposit in the Merelani area. It is one of the most sought after gemstones in the world with an industry sales value of between hundred and fifty and two hundred million dollars per year. At the current production rates and estimated resources the tanzanite deposit has a life expectancy of around 20 years. Despite the economical and scientific importance as well as the geological uniqueness of the deposit very little research has been conducted on the geology and petrology of the deposit and the characteristics of tanzanite. The primary aim of the research summarised in this dissertation was to gain an understanding of the geological conditions that led to the formation of this unique variety of zoisite. In order to achieve this, a variety of geological disciplines were addressed including the lithostratigraphic setting, the deformational history, the metamorphic history and conditions, the geochemical and isotopic composition, the mineral chemistry as well as the physical and optical properties of the tanzanite. Extensive field work was conducted over a seven year period, which included surface and underground mapping, surface trenching, surface and underground core drilling, structural measurements and an intensive sampling programme. Various analytical techniques were used in order to petrologically and mineralogically investigate both the deposit and tanzanite itself, including optical microscopy, XRF analyses, laser-ablation ICP-MS, quantitative chemical analyses by means of the electron microprobe, XRD analyses, back-scattered electron microscopy, isotope analyses, fluid-inclusion studies, Vis/UV/NIR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and EPR studies. This study revealed an intricate and complex geological history for the formation of tanzanite. The deposition of carbon-rich layers, formed during the development of a sequence of shallow shelf sediments consisting primarily of various organic carbon (δ13C between –22,85 ‰ and –26,74 ‰) -rich mudstone horizons and limestone beds is seen as the first phase of the mineralisation process. These Archaean sediments were deposited in a back- or fore-arc spreading basin. The organic carbon-rich mudstone layers acted as the first phase of vanadium accumulation in the stratigraphic sequence, and are intercalated with a material with a volcanic origin (metabasites), which most likely contributed to the enrichment of amongst others V. Early diagenetic processes were followed by an extended metamorphic and deformation (D1) history, reaching upper granulite facies conditions (10 – 12 kbar and 850 oC to 1000 oC) at ca. 1000 Ma. The high-grade metamorphic history was followed by multiphase retrograde deformation events (D2 and D3) that developed as a result of crustal uplift. The D2 event probably occurred between 850 and 600 Ma at P-T conditions estimated at between 8 to 7 kbar and 700 to 650 oC. A third stage of deformation (D3) resulted in the formation of overprinting structures and occurred during the later stages of the Pan-African (550 – 500Ma) event during amphibolite/greenschist facies conditions (7 to 6 kbar and 600 to 520 oC). The deformational history of the deposit played a critical role in the mineralisation processes. Of the four main deformation events identified, three played a critical role in the mineralisation process. The first event led to the development of early structural features as defined by F1, S1 and L1. This was followed by a multiphase D2 event consisting of three different orders of folding (F2a, F2b and F2c) and the formation of boudinage. The association between tanzanite and boudins as well as the stacking and multiple duplication of the boudinaged ore-zone through isoclinal folding resulted in multiple “ore-shoots”. These ore-shoots follow the plunge of the F2c fold closures and results in mine-able features within the ore-body. The third deformation event led to complex structural overprinting of the earlier fabric as observed in S3 and L3 and resulted in the deformation of the F2 structures through crosscutting F3 folds. Calc-silicate layers developed in the stratigraphic sequence as a result of metamorphic and metasomatic interaction between calcium enriched (boudinaged calc-silicates) and depleted horizons (graphitic gneisses) during a skarn-forming episode. V-rich green grossular garnet (tsavorite) crystallised in tension zones within and in proximity to the boudins during prograde metamorphism. Tanzanite mineralisation occurred during the retrograde stages at ca. 585 ± 28 Ma with P-T conditions estimated at ca. 5 to 6 kbar and 650 ± 50 oC. Two distinctive tanzanite-forming processes are distinguished. The first involves the formation of tanzanite as a result of retrograde reaction of grossular garnet. The second process involves the migration of V and Ca -enriched fluids along brittle shear zones to tension sites where fluids reacted with wall rock during a drop in P-T conditions to precipitate tanzanite. Fluid inclusion and stable-isotope studies concluded that the ore-forming fluids were derived from the dehydration of the metasedimentary sequence and consisted of a mixture of H2O, CH4, H2S and N2. Mineralogical investigation of tanzanite indicated that trace concentrations of vanadium within its crystals structure causes its blue / violet colour. It was proved that the vanadium originated from the abundant organically derived graphite within the deposit. Spectroscopic and EPR analyses revealed the importance of the Ti4+ / Ti3+ ratio within the crystal structure of tanzanite with regard to its colour characteristics. The heating of tanzanite results in a couple valence exchange reaction Ti 3+ + V 4+ → Ti 4+ + V 3+ which causes an increase the blue / violet colour of tanzanite. The research conducted led to the development of a successful geological model for the tanzanite mining and treatment activities in the Merelani area of NE Tanzania. As such the research contributed to the establishment of a successful tanzanite mine, based on sound geological principles, which may act as a role model for other gemstone mines worldwide.
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Miles, Luke G. "Global Digital Elevation Model Accuracy Assessment in the Himalaya, Nepal." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1313.

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Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are digital representations of surface topography or terrain. Collection of DEM data can be done directly through surveying and taking ground control point (GCP) data in the field or indirectly with remote sensing using a variety of techniques. The accuracies of DEM data can be problematic, especially in rugged terrain or when differing data acquisition techniques are combined. For the present study, ground data were taken in various protected areas in the mountainous regions of Nepal. Elevation, slope, and aspect were measured at nearly 2000 locations. These ground data were imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and compared to DEMs created by NASA researchers using two data sources: the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (STRM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Slope and aspect were generated within a GIS and compared to the GCP ground reference data to evaluate the accuracy of the satellitederived DEMs, and to determine the utility of elevation and derived slope and aspect for research such as vegetation analysis and erosion management. The SRTM and ASTER DEMs each have benefits and drawbacks for various uses in environmental research, but generally the SRTM system was superior. Future research should focus on refining these methods to increase error discrimination.
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Books on the topic "Geography, Geology, and the Environment"

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1960-, Doyle Peter, ed. Environmental geology: Geology and the human environment. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, 1999.

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Environment. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., 1987.

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Groundwater in the environment: An introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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Mallick, K. Bouguer Gravity Regional and Residual Separation: Application to Geology and Environment. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Scheffers, Anja M. The Coastlines of the World with Google Earth: Understanding our Environment. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Bhattacharyya, Kumkum. The Lower Damodar River, India: Understanding the Human Role in Changing Fluvial Environment. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.

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Serebryakov, Andrey. Ecological geology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971374.

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The textbook describes complex natural, geological, geographical, hydrogeological and lithological studies based on modern geological and ecological theories and forming the basis of environmental science. The theoretical views on the ecology of the geological environment are expanded. The tasks of ecological geology and geography, as well as ecological hydrogeology and ecological lithology are substantiated. Attention is paid to the history of geoecological research in the development of new territories. The influence of the tectonic formation of geological structures on the ecological situation of the Earth's lithosphere is studied. The ecological zoning of the lithosphere and hydrosphere is given. The ecological characteristics of sedimentary deposits, which are associated with minerals of important industrial and environmental importance, are given. The ecological properties of various types of mineral raw materials for their application in industry are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for bachelors studying the discipline "Ecological Geology" and Earth sciences, and will also be of interest to environmental specialists in the design and operation of industrial facilities, structures and deposits of natural raw materials.
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Goudie, Andrew. The nature of the environment. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001.

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The nature of the environment. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: B. Blackwell, 1989.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geography, Geology, and the Environment"

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Bustillo Revuelta, Manuel. "Mineral Deposits: Types and Geology." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 49–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58760-8_2.

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Morales, Juan A. "Future Trends in Coastal Geology." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 459–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96121-3_31.

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Morales, Juan A. "Defining Concepts of Coastal Geology." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 13–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96121-3_2.

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Morales, Juan A. "Coastal Geology as a Science Through Time." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96121-3_1.

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Al-Awadhi, Jasem Mohammed, Abd el-aziz Khairy Abd el-aal, Raafat Misak, and Ahmed Abdulhadi. "Geo- and Environmental Hazard Studies in Kuwait." In The Geology of Kuwait, 171–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16727-0_8.

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AbstractLow magnitude Earthquakes are the most natural hazard facing Kuwait, while other environmental challenges such as flooding, dust fallout, land degradation, and aeolian sand movement often arise from human impact as well as natural factors. Because of the rapid socio-economic development in the last five decades in Kuwait, these issues cause environmental and social problems as well as economic disturbance; they are also considered natural disasters for country. The scale and intensity of the geological environment hazards are considerably increasing especially land degradation, and impacting on the harsh structure of desert ecosystem. Due to fragility of the desert environment, human activities exceeding the carrying capability of the geo-environment system can easily lead to geological and environmental hazards; such as runoff, sand and dunes movements and dust fallout causing serial environmental and health impacts. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to evaluate the degrees of geological hazard and risk by producing maps for each hazard; seismic, sand potentiality, hydrologic risk, land degradation, and sand drift severity maps are produced.
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Seibold, Eugen, and Wolfgang Berger. "Geologic History of the Sea: The Ice-Age Ocean." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 153–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51412-3_11.

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Hssaisoune, M., S. Boutaleb, M. Benssaou, B. Bouaakkaz, and L. Bouchaou. "Physical Geography, Geology, and Water Resource Availability of the Souss-Massa River Basin." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 27–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_68.

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Bondyrev, Igor V., Zurab V. Davitashvili, and Vijay P. Singh. "Geology." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 67–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05413-1_7.

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Gamkrelidze, Irakli. "Geology." In The Physical Geography of Georgia, 7–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90753-2_2.

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Qiriazi, Perikli. "Geology." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 33–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85551-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geography, Geology, and the Environment"

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Galgano, Francis. "GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR." In 66th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017se-291573.

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Huisman, Otto, Moness Rizkalla, Matt Tindall, Alejandro Reyes, and Erika Santana. "An Analytical Approach for Pipeline Geohazard Management." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5325.

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Abstract Contamination of waterbodies as a result of hydrocarbon releases is one of the most undesirable events in our industry. Unfortunately, over the past few years, several major events have occurred around the globe, and geohazards have played a major role in many of these. Indeed, Pipeline Geohazard Management is a complex, multi-disciplinary process, heavily dependent on data integration and expert judgment. The current work presents a methodology that allows the identification of critical zones by assessing potential hydrocarbon release mechanisms that could affect waterbodies and adjacent areas, including: channel section pipeline failures, approach slope pipeline failures and spill path effects. The geological model is constructed based on datasets such as a digital elevation model (DEM), surficial geology and route geometry form. Additional datasets can also be derived to represent features such as drainage basins and slopes. The entire framework is being implemented on a data and integrity management platform that not only supports the integration of spatial, geological and general integrity management data (including multiple ILI data sets) but can also execute processes, such as stability analysis, and provide visualizations of results within a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment. Execution of semi-quantitative and quantitative risk assessments is also facilitated, as well as the elaboration of rehabilitation plans. To illustrate the methodology application and the platform capabilities, an anonymized, but real, case study is presented.
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Inners, Jon D., Dana Harper, Mark A. Brown, and Gary M. Fleeger. ""CLOUDSPLITTER": HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF JOHN BROWN'S WAR AGAINST SLAVERY." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-271593.

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Yokoyama, Ryusuke, Akira Kureha, Tomoe Motohashi, Hiroyasu Ogasawara, Takeo Yaku, and Daisuke Yoshino. "Geographical Concept Recognition With the Octgrid Method for Learning Geography and Geology." In Seventh IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2007.150.

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Likutov, Yevgeniy Y. "THE SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GEOGRAPHY AS A SYNTHETIC SCIENCE." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-236-237.

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The synthetic content of geography, one of the few synthetic sciences (along with philosophy and geology), is substantiated. The features of the special significance of geography as a synthetic science are characterized.
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Karwur, Hermon, Xaverius Lobja, and Kalvin Andaria. "Environment-Based Learning Development in Geography Learning." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-19.2019.79.

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Wang, Xiaolin, Hui Li, Hao Deng, and Yingwei Luo. "Managing and integrating geography models in distributed environment." In IGARSS 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6050192.

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Shengnan, Ke, and Gong Jun. "Ancient building simulation platform based on virtual geography environment." In 2010 International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing (ICALIP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2010.5684376.

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Сиплива, Н. О., А. О. Гайдай, and Ю. О. Божок. "Господарсько-цінні особливості нових сортів Beta vulgaris L, придатних для поширення в Україні." In Challenges, threats and developments in biology, agriculture, ecology, geography, geology and chemistry. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-111-4-53.

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Долинська, О. О. "Бальнеологічні ресурси Вінницької області." In Challenges, threats and developments in biology, agriculture, ecology, geography, geology and chemistry. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-111-4-38.

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Reports on the topic "Geography, Geology, and the Environment"

1

Hadden, Robert L. The Geology of Burma (Myanmar): An Annotated Bibliography of Burma's Geology, Geography and Earth Science. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada487047.

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Bondarenko, Olga V. The didactic potential of virtual information educational environment as a tool of geography students training. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3761.

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The article clarifies the concept of “virtual information educational environment” (VIEE) and examines the researchers’ views on its meaning exposed in the scientific literature. The article determines the didactic potential of the virtual information educational environment for the geography students training based on the analysis of the authors’ experience of blended learning by means of the Google Classroom. It also specifies the features (immersion, interactivity, and dynamism, sense of presence, continuity, and causality). The authors highlighted the advantages of virtual information educational environment implementation, such as: increase of the efficiency of the educational process by intensifying the process of cognition and interpersonal interactive communication; continuous access to multimedia content both in Google Classroom and beyond; saving student time due to the absence of necessity to work out the training material “manually”; availability of virtual pages of the virtual class; individualization of the educational process; formation of informational culture of the geography students; and more productive learning of the educational material at the expense of IT educational facilities. Among the disadvantages the article mentions low level of computerization, insignificant quantity and low quality of software products, underestimation of the role of VIЕЕ in the professional training of geography students, and the lack of economic stimuli, etc.
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White, O. L. Quaternary Geology and Urban Planning in Canada [Chapter 12: the Influence of the Quaternary Geology of Canada On Man's Environment]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131801.

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Jackson, L. E. Summary [Chapter 12: the Influence of the Quaternary Geology of Canada On Man's Environment]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131791.

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Jackson, L. E. Introduction [Chapter 12: the Influence of the Quaternary Geology of Canada On Man's Environment]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131793.

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Josenhans, H. Atlas of the marine environment and seabed geology of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222864.

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Scott, J. S. Engineering Geology and Land Use Planning in the Prairie Region of Canada [Chapter 12: the Influence of the Quaternary Geology of Canada On Man's Environment]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131797.

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Purtymun, W. D. Source document compilation: Los Alamos investigations related to the environment, engineering, geology, and hydrology, 1961--1990. Volume 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10145739.

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Purtymun, W. D. Source document compilation: Los Alamos investigations related to the environment, engineering, geology, and hydrology, 1961--1990. Volume 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10145742.

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Evans, S. G., and J. S. Gardner. Geological Hazards in the Canadian Cordillera [Chapter 12: the Influence of the Quaternary Geology of Canada On Man's Environment]. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131795.

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