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Jarvis, Claire H. "Insect phenology : a geographical perspective." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22349.
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The rate of insect development (phenology) is strongly associated with temperature. Within the biological literature, phenologies are estimated largely on the basis of sparsely located point meterological data. The significance of incorporating a geographical dimension was explored in two application areas where phenologies are used, pest risk assessment (PRA) and integrated pest management (IPM). Colorado beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella) were used as representative non-indigenous and indigenous test organisms. To ensure relevance to both pest risk assessment and integrated pest management applications, phenology models were run using daily meterological data throughout England and Wales. Interpolation was chosen as an efficient means to create spatial temperature 'surfaces' from distributed daily maximum and minimum temperature data observed at a subset of 174 meteorological stations. Because insect pests are known to be highly sensitive to temperature, considerable attention was paid to minimising the errors generated as part of this process relative to that in previous applied agricultural studies. Comparisons between the commonly used trend surface and inverse distance weighting methods of interpolation were made with partial thin plate splines and ordinary kriging. Unlike earlier work, automatic parameter selection was used to calibrate all the interpolation techniques and care was taken to ensure the comparability of estimated temperature values. Error in estimates by all methods was reduced using a number of guiding topo-climate and land cover covariates. The most favourable estimates of maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the country and over the annual cycle were partial thin plate splines, with daily average r.m.s. accuracies computed using jack-knife cross-validation of 0.8°C and 1.13°C respectively. Partial thin plate splines were also found to be more computationally efficient than both inverse distance weighting and de-trended ordinary kriging. This use of jack-knife cross-validation was assessed using a fully independent data set of a further 100 data points, and was found to be statistically comparable. Providing the interaction between phenology models and sequences of geographically relevant temperature data at this daily step and national coverage necessitated the construction of tailor made research software for the project. The coupled temperature interpolation/phenology modelling system was used to provide a range of outputs to explore the accuracy of predicted phenologies over space and time.
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Holmes, Erin Alison. "Mandatory Disease Notification and Underascertainment: A Geographical Perspective." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1378.
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Mandatory notification of disease forms the backbone of disease surveillance in New Zealand and overseas. Notification data is used by public health professionals and academics to identify cases requiring public health control, monitor disease incidence and distribution, and in epidemiological research. However, there is emerging evidence that notification rates do not accurately reflect the true extent of notifiable diseases within the community, resulting in the underascertainment of many notifiable cases. While adequate surveillance does not necessarily require that all cases of notifiable disease be captured, the systematic underascertainment of disease can have significant implications for perceived spatial and demographic trends in disease prevalence; potentially threatening the credibility of spatial epidemiological research by under or overestimating the burden of disease in different populations. There is evidence that systematic underascertainment occurs as a result of the differential actions of laboratories and general practitioners. It has also been recognised that that underascertainment can be influenced by a patient's willingness to seek medical attention and participate in laboratory tests. However, few studies have investigated whether these factors systematically influence notification either in New Zealand or overseas. Furthermore, the discipline of health geography has been slow to engage with this topic of public health importance, despite the inherently spatial nature of the processes involved, and the close ties to the geographic literature on health service utilization and healthcare provision. This thesis explores the spatial and temporal variation in notification rates in New Zealand for the period 1997-2005 and the potential relationships between notification rates and different variables. Unlike many underascertainment studies, which have used individual data and capture-recapture methods, data constraints inspired a unique ecological approach to investigating the factors which may be associated with notification in New Zealand. Variables were divided into categories based on Anderson's behavioural model for healthcare utilization and the influence of these variables on notification was determined through multiple regression analyses. The main findings of this research indicate that in New Zealand notification rates have increased during the period 1997-2005 and that there is a north-south gradient in notifications, with substantially lower rates in the North Island than in the South Island. Furthermore, it is also evident that the variables associated with notification vary according to disease, spatial aggregation and spatial scale. Notification rates are significantly associated with a range of predisposing and enabling factors which might influence patient choice to consult for many frequently underascertained diseases. More variation in enteric diseases is explained by the independent variables analysed than the variation in non-enteric diseases. However, further research into these relationships, and underascertainment in general, is required before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Kirkham, Janet Dorothea. "Plant closure in multiplant firms : a geographical perspective." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326868.
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Qureshi, Yasmeen. "Environmental issues in British Columbia : an historical-geographical perspective." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31325.
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Concern for the state of the natural environment has been growing throughout the world in recent years as it becomes clear that the world is in the midst of an environmental crisis. In B.C., this has led to widespread public controversy over issues such as pollution, logging, and the preservation of wilderness areas. This thesis seeks to bring present conflicts into perspective by examining the historical roots of the various discourses on the environment in B.C.
Present environmental controversies take place within a legislative framework, therefore some understanding of the historical development of that legislation and the predominant attitudes that helped shape it is necessary. The first two chapters of this thesis provide this background, focusing on forest policy and parks and wilderness policy.
The third chapter addresses the outdoor recreationists, the sport hunters and anglers of B.C., who, although often contributing to the depletion of wildlife populations, also helped shape wildlife policy and worked for the preservation of wildlife habitats.
With the foundations for the environmental movement set, the fourth chapter deals with the rise of the environmental movement and environmental interest groups during the 1960's and 70's. This includes a discussion of the counter culture, general social changes of the period, the rise of ecology, and protests in Strathcona Park during the late 1980's.
The final chapter considers the reactions of the forest industry to the environmental movement. The forest industry has never had to be so aware of public opinion and so cautious about the image it projects as it is now. The focus is on one major company, MacMillan Bloedel, and the evolution of its public relations policies during the 1960's and 70's.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Perry, Martin. "The provision of small industrial premises : a geographical perspective." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1825.
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McNally, Nicholas James. "The environment, lifestyle and atopic eczema : a geographical perspective." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297751.
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Wang, Tan. "The development of China's financial centres : a geographical perspective." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/457.
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Parr, S. J. "Changing provision for the elderly mentally ill : A geographical perspective." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371156.
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Irvine, Philippa Margaret. "Post-apartheid racial integration in Grahamstown : a time-geographical perspective." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005521.
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This research is situated within the context of the post-apartheid era in South Africa, which includes the dominant ideologies and policies that have shaped the urban landscape of the past and present. It investigates the extent and patterns of integration that exist twenty years after the country’s political transition and it uses Grahamstown, a small education and cultural centre in the Eastern Cape Province, as its case study. The investigation incorporates the traditional geographical focus of residential and educational integration, using conventional means of investigation such as segregation indices, dissimilarity indices, percentages and maps. However, in identifying the broader nature of ‘segregation’ and ‘integration’, the study moves beyond these foci and approaches. It adopts the timegeographical framework to reveal the dynamic use of urban space that reflects the lived space of selected individuals from the community of Grahamstown: the extent and patterns of their behavioural integration or spatial linkages. Together, these approaches reveal that Grahamstown is still a city divided by race and, now, class. Schools and residential areas remain tied to the apartheid divisions of race and the white community exists almost entirely within the bounds of apartheid’s blueprint of urban space. Rhodes University, which is located within Grahamstown, has experienced admirable levels of integration within the student body and within the staff as a whole, but not within the staff’s different levels. In essence, where integration has occurred it has been unidirectional with the black community moving into the spaces and institutions formerly reserved for whites. The limited behavioural integration or spatial linkages are shown to be tied to city structure and, within the white group, to perceptions of ‘otherness’ held by the individuals interviewed. While the study shows limited differences in the time-spatial movements between members of different races who are resident in the former white group area, it highlights the differences between those more permanently resident in the city and the temporary educational migrants or students. The study argues that the slow pace of change is related to the nature of South Africa’s democratic transition and its attending political and economic policies.
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Kim, Myung-Hee Anna. "China-to-South Korea ethnic labour migration: A human geographical perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485455.
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South Korea, one of the early newly industrialising and labour surplus emigration economies has emerged as a core economy of global migration in a matter of twenty years. Yet the dynamics of the country's transition experience remains overly simplified or obfuscated in the literature of international migration. International labour migration in the Asian Pacific region· as a whole has become far more dynamic in its composition rather than in the sheer magnitude of human mobility that characterised the earlier era of the migration-development transition in so-called the 'tiger economies'. This thesis deals with key themes of the unexplored dimensions of international migration in post-1990 Korea in the four-paper format. In particular, the thesis investigates a key but little known feature of the new Korean migration economy: the in-movement ofundocumented ethnic Koreans from the People's Republic of China. Core arguments of the thesis reappraise the following issues of international migration in the country from multi-disciplinary perspectives: • First, the post-industrial demographic and migration transitions in Korea. • Second, the economic dimension of ethnic migration from post-reform Northeast China to South Korea. • Third, the identity transformations ofKorean-Chinese ethnic migrants. • Fourth, the South Korean versus German approach to the post-cold war @ethniclabour migration from China and the former Soviet Union. The first and second papers bring a global comparative overview of commonalities in the patterns of demographic and emigration transition found between the late urbanised and industrial Korean society and that of the European (old industrial) counterpart. All core papers of the thesis deal with nationally specific yet globally observable problematique of ethnic migration from socialist transition economies. In Chapter six, German migration politics with focus on its Sptitaussiedlerpolitk is examined as a parallel case to the Korean experience. The chapter attempts to expose the unrecognised commonality which the western and eastern nation states share in their experiences with the ethnic migration influx in the context of the post-socialist changing geopolitical regimes of international migration. Their findings suggest that the so-called return movement no longer epitomise a romantic ethno-national myth of the nations. Rather the unconventional South-North and East-West population movements manifest a post-socialist and post-industrial emergent form of international labour migration. The issues have been previously bounded in the national and regional.debate without recognition of their wider generic characteristics. The thesis contributes to bringing a geo-politically wider perspective on the dynamic inter-regional labour flows around the Korean peninsula. In doing so, the thesis makes a plea for the need of a global approach to the emerging migration-development system in post-industrial East Asian economies.
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Lam, Chui-shan, and 林翠珊. "Railway and land use interaction in Hong Kong: a geographical perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952628.
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Lam, Chui-shan. "Railway and land use interaction in Hong Kong : a geographical perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22285258.
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Keogh, Miles. "The promise and pitfalls of ISO 14001 : a South African perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9727.
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Includes bibliographical references.ISO 14001's increasing importance in trade considerations and growing status within regulatory policies means that eventually, few organizations of any size and in any country will be able to ignore it. But does the standard discriminate against the Developing World? Is it accurate to measure the success a country has had in implementing ISO 14001 without taking its size and wealth into account? Are critics of the standard missing the point? This paper examines these questions from the South African perspective and proposes a new method to measure the extent of ISO 14001 acceptance between countries of differing population and economic output.
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Williamson, Suzanne. "The creation of a multidisciplinary workforce for public health : a geographical perspective." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247481.
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Androulaki, Eleni. "Ptolemaic Aspirations in Callimachean Poetry(A geographic perspective)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468574866.
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Woo, Ka Yan. "A geographical perspective to social sustainability : with special reference to Tai O, Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1389.
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Rice, Wayne Stanley. "Change begets change: employing a change perspective to inform South Africa's coastal community conservation policy-praxis disjuncture." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33904.
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Contemporary biodiversity conservation is ‘wickedly complex'. This complexity stems from the need to address the diverse objectives of protecting biodiversity and enhancing social wellbeing. However, centralized and exclusionary conservation approaches are often ill-suited to tackling these coupled objectives. Consequently, increasingly calls have been made for the development of more holistic, participatory, nuanced and context-specific conservation governance approaches. Community-based conservation – which seeks to include local communities and their knowledge and priorities in conservation governance – offers a viable though context-specific alternative. However, thus far communitybased conservation initiatives have produced mixed results, largely due to a lack of understanding of how to effectively initiate, implement and manage such ‘wickedly complex' conservation initiatives. South Africa possesses enabling legislation for community-based conservation, but to date there has been no implementation of legally recognized communityconserved areas in the coastal zone. Accordingly, this research is guided by a desire to better understand this ‘policy-praxis disjuncture', and explores what factors, conditions and processes are required to enable South Africa to embrace a more community-orientated approach to conservation. It is proposed that greater understanding and potentially success can be gained by viewing communitybased conservation including, the initiation, implementation and governance of community-conserved areas, as a ‘change process'. Drawing on Commons Theory, Governance Theory, and the Theory of Change approach, a framework was developed to guide the exploration of the factors, conditions and processes that enable the shift to a community-based mode of conservation governance. Case study investigations were conducted in two established regional community coastal conservation cases, and one South African ‘case-in-progress'. Based on the findings of these cases, and the perceptions of South African conservation actors, this dissertation offers insights for tackling South Africa's policy-praxis disjuncture by developing a South African Empirical Community-Based Conservation Theory of Change Pathway. By exploring the initiation, implementation and governance of community-based conservation initiatives as a change process, this dissertation provides a framework for designing a process to facilitate and implement community-based conservation where contextually appropriate. More specifically, it emphasizes the need to develop a context-appropriate, strategic, systematic and iterative set of actions, with clearly articulated assumptions, which strive to address present or potential issues, to support the change to community-based governance. Consequently, this dissertation provides a framework for understanding how a shift to a community-based mode of conservation governance takes place, and offers a South African specific design pathway, with potential application by diverse conservation actors in other countries.
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Coles, Timothy Edward. "The evolution of urban retail systems in Germany, 1848 to 1914 : an historical-geographical perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307313.
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Bauder, Harald Sven. "Labour market marginalisation of young Latinos in San Antonio, Texas, a geographical perspective of neighbourhood processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0024/NQ33811.pdf.
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PACIFICO, ALAN GUSTAVO FERNANDES. "WATER TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS IN GUANABARA BAY (RJ): MONOPOLY AND MANAGEMENT OF ACCESSIBILITIES IN A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24858@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Nos últimos anos, os temas ligados ao transporte, mobilidade urbana entraram, de forma mais significativa, na pauta de discussões das ciências sociais, ganhando destaque nos debates de âmbito político, econômico e social. As grandes cidades brasileiras são profundamente marcadas pelas condições inadequadas de deslocamento de pessoas e mercadorias. Além das más condições de transporte coletivo, já amplamente documentadas, agravaram-se recentemente as restrições às acessibilidades e sustentabilidades nas grandes metrópoles do país, gerando impactos sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas e sobre as atividades sociais e econômicas. Em linhas gerais, o problema central dessa pesquisa reside na baixa qualidade da gestão do transporte aquaviário de passageiros na Baía de Guanabara, caracterizada atualmente pelos constantes atrasos nos horários das embarcações, pelas altas tarifas, pela superlotação no interior das barcas e pelo número reduzido de linhas regulares e terminais e pela limitação de suas conexões intermodais. A hipótese norteadora desse trabalho argumenta que o fator decisivo para a baixa qualidade desse modelo de transporte possui origem política e econômica e é o monopólio historicamente presente no setor. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral desse trabalho consiste em analisar a natureza da gestão do transporte aquaviário de passageiros no Rio de Janeiro, avaliando a influência do monopólio sobre a qualidade do serviço e seus reflexos territoriais, como a emergência do transporte aquaviário clandestino na margem leste da baía de Guanabara.
In recent years, issues related to transportation and urban mobility entered, more significantly, on the social sciences discussions, gaining prominence in political, economic and social context s discussions. Brazilians big cities are deeply marked by inadequate conditions of people and goods displacement s. In addition to the poor condition of public transportation, already widely documented, recently restrictions on access and sustainabilities in the large cities of the country worsened, generating impacts on the quality of life and on the social and economic activities. Generally speaking, the main problem of this research lies on the poor quality of the management of passengers waterway transportation in Guanabara Bay , currently characterized by constant vessels delays, high tariffs , overcrowd inside the barges and the few regular and terminals lines and the limitation of their intermodal connections. The guiding hypothesis of this paper argues that the decisive point of low quality of this kind transportation has a political and economic backgrounds and is historically a monopoly in this aera. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analyze the nature of the management of waterway transportation of passengers in Rio de Janeiro , assessing the monopoly influence on quality service and their territorial reflexes such as the emergence of an underground waterway transportation on the east bank Guanabara Bay
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Engström, Adam, and Frida Milemo. "A Swedish perspective on business relationships with Chinese companies : - A study of challenges with a geographical distance." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34370.
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As more Swedish companies are turning towards China, a common challenge when establishing sustainable business relationships with Chinese companies is the requirement to spend a lot of time locally, as the Chinese business culture usually focuses on building a personal relationship before the business relationship. This study will focus on the Swedish perspective on how to cope with these challenges from a geographical distance, as the authors seek to facilitate Swedish business in China. Through a qualitative research by interviewing eight Swedish managers, the authors found that there are different perceived challenges if the business relationship was established on site versus established from a distance. This study shows that for managers who lacks the resources to establish the business relationship on site, there is a lack of trust, respect and potential misunderstandings. These challenges can be overcomed by using a distributor or an agent for a fee. For the managers that possessed the resources to establish the relationship on site, other challenges appeared such as Guanxi and cross-cultural competence, but by paying attention to these challenges the managers could achieve trust, respect and avoid misunderstandings. These managers also needed an occasional local presence in order to manage the business relationship, which was due to Guanxi and that China is a high-context culture.
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Hedlund, Martin. "Growth and decline in rural Sweden : geographical distribution of employment and population 1960–2010." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-139723.
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This thesis investigates the combination of changes in the population and employment into sectors in rural Sweden for the period 1960-2010. The aim is to describe and analyze the demographic changes together with the labour market changes, and to account for the spatial outcome of these changes by considering the heterogeneity of rural areas. The analysis departs from the framework of rural restructuring, where changes in employment and population in rural Sweden are interpreted as local products of the global processes of technological development, social modernization and globalization. Empirically, the analysis is based on a combination of longitudinal censuses and register data on the Swedish population covering the period 1960-2010. The first part of the aim is achieved by applying a life-course perspective and exploiting the longitudinal nature of the data. The life-course perspective distinguishes between historical time and the age of individuals, making it possible to situate changes in employment and migration on the individual level. The second part of the aim is achieved through developing a typology of rural Sweden by doing a cluster analysis on SAMS-areas. The results show that rural change after 1980 was characterized by de-industrialization and the rise of the urban service sector. The period was also characterized by regional urbanization rather than local urbanization. Peripheral urban and rural areas based on industrial employment found themselves with a declining economic motor, which meant that people had to find their source of income elsewhere. The migration stream in this period was thus increasingly directed towards metropolitan or large city centers, and their rural surroundings within commuting distance. However, the more fine-tuned spatial typology reveals that also a few areas in the rural periphery have experienced growth, these areas are mainly attractive places based on various kinds of tourism. It can thus be concluded that different rural areas have experienced, and will continue to experience, the shift from manufacturing to services differently, where some areas have grown in both demographic and employment terms while others have declined. In this sense the heterogeneity of rural areas are a product of both growth and decline – of old development paths that is reaching their end and of new development paths that will continue into the future.
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Satariano, Bernadine. "Places, people and health : a socio-geographical perspective on wellbeing of mothers and their children in deprived neighbourhoods of Malta." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11836/.
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This study explores socio-geographical processes influencing health and wellbeing in deprived Maltese neighbourhoods, contributing new knowledge on how these compare with those reported in research on Anglo-American cultures. This qualitative research obtained data from three deprived neighbourhoods in Malta through in-depth interviews with 31 mothers (of diverse marital status) and their children. Some of these families were followed across a period of time thus obtaining longitudinal data. The research employed a grounded theory approach, and constant comparative approach was used to explore how social processes differed across neighbourhoods. Familial and neighbourhood ties, networks and other aspects of social capital emerge as highly significant, and often beneficial for health and wellbeing. However, divisive processes in these social networks also had negative impacts, less often reported in other research. This thesis emphasises that there is a strong connection between material neighbourhood factors and social relations, as the physical built environment, housing conditions, service provision, welfare benefits, and employment opportunities influence social processes and impact on health and wellbeing in diverse ways. The history of the place, as well as individual life histories, together with a cross-generational and longitudinal approach the significance of the ‘time’ dimension, thus contributing to the complexities of health and wellbeing in neighbourhoods. This study adds to literature on social determinants of health operating in a Maltese, Mediterranean context. It emphasises that there are traditional norms that still determine the health and wellbeing of inhabitants in their neighbourhoods, however, social and economic changes are also transforming these neighbourhoods. It further reveals how individual agency interacts with the social and material environment to affect wellbeing outcomes, albeit within limits on individuals’ power and resources. The findings therefore highlight the importance of a relational approach in order to understand the connection between people, place and health.
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Zahir, Azmiralda. "The WTO and a balance of conflicting interests : the example of TRIPS and geographical indications from a developing country perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441803.
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This thesis examines the emerging global regulatory framework for the protection of intellectual property rights, and its effects on developing countries. It analyses in particular, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). The TRIPs Agreement is considered as a contentious issue between developed and developing countries, where opinions at the WTO negotiations have been divided between these two categories of countries. This is the case for all areas of the disciplines of intellectual property rights recognised in the TRIPs Agreement, except the concept of geographical indications. The negotiations related to this do not involve a strict division of views between developed and developing countries. While the two most powerful Member States, namely, the EU and the US are divided in their views at the negotiations related to geographical indications, developing countries have taken the side of either of these two Member States. This thesis demonstrates how the concept of geographical indications could also become a conflict between developed and developing countries, unless the WTO takes some measures to prevent this. In illustrating this point, the thesis relies on three main elements. Firstly, the thesis analyses the position of developing countries at the WTO, demonstrating the existence of a series of deficiencies inherent in the multilateral trade framework, such as unequal bargaining powers. Secondly, by analysing the EU experience in the area, the thesis examines potential problems that could arise in the harmonisation of geographical indications, such as diverse normative concepts. Finally, it evaluates the more subtle influences imposed on developing countries and other countries with weaker bargaining powers on their interpretation of the TRIPs provisions, through individually negotiated bilateral agreements for the protection of geographical indications. Based on the changing attitudes of the developed Member States in the multilateral framework, this thesis argues that certain measures could be undertaken by the WTO to prevent a potential future developed and developing country conflict with respect to geographical indications.
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Engelmann, Erik, and Larsen Mabika. "Consequences of Employee Relocation in Global Teams : A multi-stakeholder perspective." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159977.
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Background Global teams are considered an emerging topic in the international management literature. Empirical studies conducted in this field include studies on trust, communication, team relationships, conflicts over distance and leadership. Also, the topic of employee relocation has been extensively researched in the international management literature. Despite the fact that relocations in global teams occur in practices, both topics have yet to be researched together. This paper intends to fill this research gap and study both topics together. Aim This paper aims to investigate the consequences of employee relocation in global teams using a multi-stakeholder perspective. Methodology A qualitative study was conducted with eight individuals working in the same global company which operates in the financial services industry and is headquartered in London, UK. Out of the eight participants, five worked in the same global team. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate the consequences of relocation in global teams from different perspectives. Findings A thematic analysis of the data revealed four main categories of relocation consequences that are acknowledged across the different stakeholders interviewed for this study: work redistribution, resource management, vulnerable team relationships and shift in communication. Despite a common acknowledgement of the consequences, the study showed that discrepancies between the stakeholders’ views on the consequences affected the way the team handled them. By contextualizing the results around a role, the multi-stakeholder perspective exposed different scopes of awareness on the impacts of the relocation consequences. This inferred that individuals showed a certain level of subjectivity influencing their scope of awareness on the impacts of the consequences of relocations.
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Starzec, Patrycja. "Resilient landscape, resilient culture. The role of geographical place-based perspective in sustainable adaptation of urban areas to the climate change." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1073.
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Cities are defined as the ecological phenomenon of the 21st century since urban form is becoming dominant geographical context for human settlement on Earth. Due to that one of the major tasks of contemporary urban planning policy is adaptation of urban areas to the changing realms. In connection to the adaptation strategies, concept of resilience is gaining much more attention in the current planning discourse as an approach which perceives problem of climate change as the opportunity for better development. New aspect that concept of resilience brings to the planning is a view that social and ecological dimensions are interlinked. According to that, main aim of the thesis is to find an answer for the research question “What is the connection between culture and nature and its role in sustainable adaptation of urban areas to the climate change?” and through the research and analysis develop a theoretical foundation for the strategy of adaptation to the climate change which offers an opportunity for more effective urban growth based on three main pillars of sustainability: Environmental responsibility, Economic viability and Social justice as well as currently distinguished new dimension i.e. Cultural vitality.
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Santarelli, Erica <1996>. "Analysing environmental migration and displacement from a legal and geographical perspective and the use of migration as a possible adaptation strategy." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21598.
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This thesis, composed of three chapters, is based on the recognition of the existence of a link between environmental and climate change and migration, which materializes itself in the phenomenon of environmental migration.
The first chapter examines this nexus with a focus on three aspects, environmental change as a driver of migration, climate change as a threat multiplier, and immobility in the face of difficult environmental conditions, while also presenting some statistics and predictions of the current and future number of environmental migrants. The second chapter is devoted to the legal framework. It investigates the absence of an internationally recognized definition for these migrants, exploring the most significant legal instruments in this field. The chapter also presents an overview of the milestones in the global governance of environmental migration and displacement. The third chapter depicts a world map of environmental migration: it focuses on the most impacted areas, South Asia, Africa, the American continent, and the Pacific Small Island Developing States, describing their slow- and sudden-onset environmental processes and patterns of migration. The chapter then investigates the use of migration as a possible adaptation strategy, analysing the potential advantages and problems and presenting a case-study on Kiribati and its ‘Migration with Dignity Policy’.
The central purpose of this work is to propose the view of migration as part of the solution to adverse environmental changes: migration can be a beneficial adaptation strategy and, in some cases, the only possible response to the harmful effects of climate change.
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Britz, Hendrina Wilhemina. "The use of Geographical Information Systems for the promotion of spatial cognition, spatial perspective taking and problem solving in school level geography." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020298.
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A question asked at the United States of America (USA) National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) conference in 1967, namely, what learning does GIS allow that other ways do not and whether teaching GIS at school level is worth the time and effort required to implement it, remains largely unanswered. Literature searches suggest that little more has been done since 1967 to investigate the effectiveness of GIS in education, or that there are any findings to suggest that GIS is worth the time and effort to implement in schools. Internationally the implementation of GIS software and geo-spatial data in schools has been slow, and South Africa is no exception. The main reasons given for slow implementation internationally have included lack of resources, lack of training and lack of time. The majority of secondary schools that offer Geography in the Port Elizabeth Education District, South Africa, teach GIS theory without the use of GIS software and geo-spatial data. The purpose of this research was to elicit the perceptions of secondary school level Geography teachers and learners of the benefits, barriers and obstacles to implementing GIS software and geo-spatial data as a teaching strategy. As a focused exercise to investigate what learning using GIS allows that other ways do not, this study also investigated whether using GIS as a teaching and learning strategy enables the promotion of learners spatial cognition, spatial perspective taking and problem solving abilities better than traditional methods do. The findings are viewed through the lens of developing Crystallized Intelligence (Gc), Spatial Intelligence (Gv) and Fluid Intelligence (Gf), respectively. The study followed a concurrent transformative mixed methods design with pre-post testing and the use of crossover experimental and control groups to generate both qualitative and quantitative data. Questionnaires aimed at all secondary Geography teachers in the Port Elizabeth Education District were used to assess how GIS is taught in their schools and to evaluate their perceptions of the benefits and barriers of implementing GIS software and geo-spatial data in the classroom. Four secondary school Geography teachers in four schools volunteered to take part in the experimental aspects of the study. Empirical data on the development of spatial cognition, spatial perspective taking, and problem solving were generated via pre- and post-tests in which the grade 11 Geography learners participated. Experimental and comparison groups of learners wrote four different types of pre- and post-tests where the experimental groups worked on GIS software with geo-spatial data while the comparison groups used traditional methods. Teacher interviews and learner interviews were also conducted to assess attitudes towards GIS software and geo-spatial data as a teaching strategy. The results from this aspect of the study mirrored the benefits and barriers to implementing GIS in schools recorded in international literature. However, and possibly more importantly, the empirical data generated by the learners revealed that GIS software and geo-spatial data do statistically significantly promote better spatial cognition (Crystallized Intelligence) and spatial perspective taking (Spatial Intelligence) than traditional methods do (i.e. using atlases, rulers and calculators). No improvement was found in the experimental groups‟ problem solving abilities. This report offers possible explanations and recommendations in terms of socio-cultural findings from other educational studies on the effects of exploratory talk on the development of Fluid Intelligence. Recommendations are made for the attention of curriculum developers, teachers, school principals, departmental officials and other educational stakeholders in terms of what is required for the successful implementation of GIS software and the use of geo-spatial data in secondary school Geography classes.
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Edwards, Shelley. "Phylogeographic variation of the Karoo bush rat, Otomys unisulcatus : a molecular and morphological perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2108.
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Thesis (MSc (Botany and Zoology))--Unkiversity of Stellenbosch, 2009.Phylogeographic genetic structure has been documented for a number of southern African terrestrial taxa. Information regarding geographic population genetic structuring in multiple taxa, with differing life histories, can provide insights into abiotic processes such as vicariance. A fragment of the cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA gene of a plains-dwelling species, Otomys unisulcatus, was sequenced and analysed. Two closely related geographic assemblages were found. The first assemblage (lowland group) contains populations from both the eastern and western parts of the species range, and the second comprises populations from the Little Karoo (central group). The lowland group was shown to be in a state of population expansion after a relatively recent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coalescence, while the genetic signature of the central assemblage was characterized by more genetic diversity indicative of an older lineage/genetic refuge. Areas of higher elevation (namely mountain ranges) appeared to be the main factor limiting gene flow between these two groups. Aridification cycles due to glacial maximum periods probably resulted in increased dispersal leading to the widespread distribution of common haplotypes throughout the lowland group. Morphological variation in skull shape and size has been shown to follow environmental clines in some rodents. Geometric morphometric analyses on the ventral and dorsal views of the craniums of O. unisulcatus were utilised to test whether the population groupings obtained in the genetic analyses would be recovered by morphometric analyses. In addition, it was also investigated which of the environmental factors investigated influenced skull shape and size. The genetic groupings were not recovered for either the cranial shape or size. Size variation in the females correlated positively with annual rainfall, and so by proxy with habitat productivity, indicating that females which inhabited areas with lower rainfall would be larger. The significant relationship between females’ centroid sizes and rainfall was thought to be as a result of the increased nutrient requirement by this gender in the production of offspring. The males did not show a significant correlation between any of the environmental variables and centroid size. There was a significant difference between the skull shapes of the genders, further verifying the sexual dimorphism in the species. Three major clusters were found (according to cranium shape) using a Two-Block Partial Least Squares Analysis (2B-PLS), which relate to the biome boundaries within the species’ range. Variations in shape were attributed to the varying needs for strong masticatory muscles resulting from differing diets. The skull shapes of specimens occurring along the escarpment were intermediate between the first two clusters. Cranial shape in the male dorsal view dataset was significantly correlated with the environmental variables block, possibly due to the much lower minimum temperature in the Sutherland population (a population which was not included in the female analyses). It was concluded that differing diets of individuals in the respective biomes influenced the shape of the cranium of both genders. The sexual dimorphism in the cranium shapes may be as a result of the females digging tunnels (using their teeth) underneath the stick nests. Otomys unisulcatus show high levels of phenotypic plasticity throughout the range and it thus appears that the species can adapt fast to the different environmental variables.
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Clegg, Andrew J. "Childhood immunisation uptake : geographical perspectives." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332849.
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Efforts to control and eradicate infectious disease have concentrated on the provision of childhood vaccination. Unfortunately, the uptake of childhood vaccination continues to vary and infectious diseases continue to cause differential morbidity and mortality. Limited research has assessed the factors that underlie the uptake of vaccination. The present research undertakes an analysis of the patterns and determinants of vaccination uptake within the Portsmouth and South East Hampshire Health Authority, located in the south of England. In so doing, the research employs different analytical approaches, from the traditional ecological analysis through descriptive mapping and multivariate regression, to the innovative multi-level analyses. The ecological analysis shows a distinct geography to the uptake of vaccination which reflects characteristics of socioeconomic deprivation. Further analysis through multilevel modelling, emphasizes two influences on the uptake of vaccination. First, parental characteristics, which affect their role as decision maker and their ability to overcome certain time-space constraints to attend. Second, the ways in which the service is provided, including the influence of the health professional as adviser and provider of vaccination and the initiatives employed to improve uptake. These findings have implications for the future provision of childhood vaccination. Specifically, the research provides the opportunity to identify and target children unlikely to complete their vaccination schedule and the need to improve and standardise health professional knowledge and advice to parents.
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Musampa, Christopher. "Industrialization in Zambia: some industrial geographical perspectives." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731700.
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Horner, Mark W. "A geographic perspective on urban commuting /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486457871783723.
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Drake, Luke. "The Emergence of Community Gardens in Miami, Florida: Geographical Perspectives." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/35.
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Community gardens (CGs) have been well studied in several North American cities, but less is known about them in places with emerging CG movements. There are no existing studies on CGs in Miami and the total number of CGs in Miami is unknown, but in the past five years there has been rapid increase in interest on this topic from a variety of stakeholders and organizations. To add to the empirical knowledge of CGs, the author conducted case studies on the six highest profile projects. This exploratory research consisted of 12 semi-structured interviews and analysis of government records and published documents. The findings indicate CGs are very diverse in both their locations across socio-economic areas as well as the spatial strategies of their organizers. The multiple meanings of community and the multiple scales at which CGs are organized illustrate the complexities of such projects. Although CG advocates promote them as ways to achieve community self-reliance, recent critiques have argued that CGs offer some benefits but cannot redress large-scale inequalities. Perhaps these inadequacies are due in part to assumptions that localities are produced exclusively by their residents. This study draws on geographical theory to argue that a relational approach to scale may lead to a more accurate practice and help establish CGs as permanent parts of cities. It concludes that CGs are highly complex and are not simple solutions for community development, and that more care is needed in their advocacy.
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Parker, Christopher J. "A human factors perspective on volunteered geographic information." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10177.
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This thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the unique abilities of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) to enhance the utility of online mashups in ways not achievable with Professional Geographic Information (PGI). The key issues currently limiting the use of successful of VGI are the concern for quality, accuracy and value of the information, as well as the polarisation and bias of views within the user community. This thesis reviews different theoretical approaches in Human Factors, Geography, Information Science and Computer Science to help understand the notion of user judgements relative to VGI within an online environment (Chapter 2). Research methods relevant to a human factors investigation are also discussed (Chapter 3). (Chapter 5) The scoping study established the fundamental insights into the terminology and nature of VGI and PGI, a range of users were engaged through a series of qualitative interviews. This led the development of a framework on VGI (Chapter 4), and comparative description of users in relation to one another through a value framework (Chapter 5). Study Two produced qualitative multi-methods investigation into how users perceive VGI and PGI in use (Chapter 6), demonstrating similarities and the unique ability for VGI to provide utility to consumers. Chapter Seven and Study Three brought insight into the specific abilities for VGI to enhance the user judgement of online information within an information relevance context (Chapter 7 and 8). In understanding the outcomes of these studies, this thesis discusses how users perceive VGI as different from PGI in terms of its benefit to consumers from a user centred design perspective (Chapter 9). In particular, the degree to which user concerns are valid, the limitation of VGI in application and its potential strengths in enriching the user experiences of consumers engaged within an information search. In conclusion, specific contributions and avenues for further work are highlighted (Chapter 10).
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Jones, Julia. "Community-based mental health care in Britain and Italy : geographical perspectives." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15042/.
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This thesis examines the implementation of mental health reforms in Britain and Italy since the 1950s from a geographical perspective. Both countries have experienced the policies of deinstitutionalisation and community care, yet the timing, methods and outcomes of implementation have varied considerably, both between the countries and within them. This situation suggests that underlying social, political, economic and cultural differences have been important influences on the implementation of the respective mental health reforms, and this is a theme that is considered throughout the thesis. The research was conducted at three levels of enquiry: firstly by comparing the implementation of mental health reforms at the national scale in Britain and Italy, looking in particular at the influence of politics and place; secondly by focusing upon the implementation of the reforms in two cities, for which Sheffield and Verona were selected; thirdly a case study approach was adopted in order to study in greater detail one community-based mental health service in each city. It was at this level of enquiry that the more intensive research was carried out, in the form of two local resident questionnaire surveys, one in each city, and semi-structured interviews with mental health professionals from the two case study services. This research illustrates that the implementation of mental health reforms in Britain and Italy has led to a geographical unevenness in the distribution of community-based services at all spatial scales. However, the social, cultural and political contexts in which the reforms have occurred in the two countries have been quite different and therefore when contemplating direct comparisons between mental health reforms in Britain and Italy, the argument that 'place matters' is highly pertinent.
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Fallick, Arthur Laurence. "Homelessness and the homeless in Canada : a geographic perspective." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28667.
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In 1981, the General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1987 as the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless (IYSH), to raise the consciousness of the world to the estimated 100 million people who have no shelter, and to the 1 billion who lack a secure, permanent home which they can afford. This dissertation contributes to the goals and objectives of the IYSH, and introduces conceptual and practical considerations which are pertinent to a geographic examination of homelessness in Canada. Field observations from across the country are integrated with a critical appraisal of the international literature to demonstrate that the spatial distribution and diversity of the homeless are related to physical shelter problems and to a combination of individual, social and economic precipitants which produce homelessness at a variety of regional, community and household scales. Three broad categories among the homeless in Canada are identified: those who are inadequately housed; those who are economically disenfranchised, and those who are socially marginalised and service-dependent. Homelessness is shown to be linked to a wide range of human, social and economic problems, for individuals and families, for communities and for society as a whole. It is defined as the absence of a continuing or permanent home over which people have personal control, and which provides the essential needs of shelter, privacy and security at an affordable cost, together with ready access to social, economic, health and cultural public services. In various regions of the country the problems historically have been chronic; in others, they are spatially and temporally episodic. It is argued here that the problem constitutes a legitimate focus of academic inquiry which is of significance and relevance to geography. Case examples are presented to show: homelessness results from the reciprocal relations between individuals and social processes; these relations are manifest in identifiable spatial forms; these spatial arrangements in turn influence the composition of the homeless and the sources of homelessness. Geographic considerations contribute to an understanding of homelessness in Canada through an analysis of how individual action, social processes and spatial relations are linked to the genesis and persistence of homelessness. By showing how certain events and conditions precipitate and exacerbate homeless-related problems, evidence is presented that the problems in Canada cannot be reduced to single-factor causal explanations. Despite regional and temporal variations, and the establishment of a social welfare safety net, poverty, unemployment and inadequate social assistance benefits have historically influenced the form of homelessness. The effects of deinstitutionalisation and revitalisation have significantly altered the structure of the inner city and the vital role which these areas play in providing a supportive community for the socially marginalised homeless. As living conditions have improved, housing problems of the homeless have shifted to concerns over affordability and the lack of low-cost accommodation. Two significant conclusions emerge: homelessness is not a problem OF cities; but IS amenable to public policy intervention, of which housing is a vital but not exclusive part of creating a place to call home. Given the classification of the homeless and the recognition that homelessness is manifest at varying geographic scales, differential policies, programmes and housing alternatives are required to assist the homeless and reduce homelessness.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Mercier, Michael E. "Infant mortality in Ottawa, 1901, an historical-geographic perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ26933.pdf.
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Golzari, Sepideh. "A legal geographic perspective on a critical legal pluralism." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95228.
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This thesis is a work of interpretation about interpretations of law. It exposes mainstream approaches of law, a critical legal pluralist approach and a legal geographic approach to methods of questioning provoked by a series of events connected to Palestinian Human Rights Week at McGill Faculty of Law. These events are used to highlight that the theoretical approach of a Critical Legal Pluralism can better account for power relations than mainstream approaches to law but, that it can nonetheless be usefully supplemented by an appreciation of Legal Geography in order to account for the how of power relations, prevent the reification of human legal agency' and make a move beyond the human/non-human binary.Ce mémoire est un travail d'interprétation sur différentes interprétations du droit. Il confronte une approche juridique traditionnelle, une approche fondée sur le pluralisme juridique critique ainsi qu'une approche de géographie du droit à des réflexions suscitées par une série d'événements en relation avec la Semaine des Droits de l'Homme en Palestine qui s'est tenue à la faculté de Droit de Mcgill. Ces événements sont utilisés afin de mettre en lumière le fait qu'une approche théorique issue du Pluralisme Juridique Critique permet de rendre mieux compte des rapports de pouvoirs que les approches traditionnelles du droit ; celle-ci peut toutefois être enrichie par la Géographie du Droit afin de rendre compte du comment des rapports de pouvoirs, prevenir la réification des "human legal agency" et dépasser l'opposition binaire humain/non-humain.
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Broome-Smith, Jennifer. "Childhood disability in Brighton and Hove : a geographic perspective." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543202.
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Mercier, Michael E. (Michael Ernest) 1970 Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Infant mortality in Ottawa, 1901; an historical-geographic perspective." Ottawa.:, 1997.
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Earnshaw, Christine. "Obstetrical care in the Baffin Region, NWT : geographical, medical and cultural perspectives." Waterloo, Ontario : Wilfrid Laurier University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/wlu/fullcit?pMM16579.
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Thesis (M.A.)-Wilfrid Laurier University, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (l.104-111). Issued also online via the World Wide Web; files in PDF format available to WLU users. Available in microfiche format.
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Wetter, Linda, and Oskar Sundholm. "Rättvisa på väg : En granskning av miljörättvisa i strategier för omställningen till fossiloberoende transportsektor i Jönköpings län." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, Globala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49916.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate how strategies and plans for the transition to a fossil-free transport sector take environmental justice into account in these plans at a regional level. This is based on a theoretical framework of environmental justice and a legal geographical perspective. The empirical material that forms the basis of the study has been produced through qualitative content analysis of regional and municipal plans and strategies as well as semi-structured interviews with actors in the transition. In order to achieve the purpose, the strategies that emerged in the documents were examined, as well as how actors reasoned about these strategies with the help of environmental justice perspectives. The study has focused on an area where a knowledge gap has been identified in the literature. The result shows that there is no clear perspective of environmental justice in the plans and strategies in the Jönköping region and that the regional strategies needs to take more account of the just perspectives in the transition. This is achieved through different forms of justice: distributive, procedural, recognition and restorative.Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur strategier och planer för omställningen till en fossilfri fordonssektor tar hänsyn till miljörättvisa i dessa planer på en regional nivå. Detta utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på miljörättvisa och ett juridisk geografiskt perspektiv. Det empiriska material som ligger till grund för studien har tagits fram genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys av regionala och kommunala planer och strategier samt semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer i omställningen. För att uppnå syftet undersöktes vilka strategier som framträdde i dokumenten, samt hur aktörer resonerade kring dessa strategier med hjälp av perspektiv av miljörättvisa. Studien har fokuserat på ett område där en kunskapslucka har kunnat konstaterats i tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar att det saknas ett tydligt perspektiv av miljörättvisa i planerna och strategierna i Jönköpings län och att det behövs tas större hänsyn till rättviseperspektiven i dessa. Detta uppnås genom olika former av rättvisa: fördelande, deltagande, erkännande och reperativ.
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Shelton, Joel A. "Female labor in the postwar Japanese economy a geographic perspective /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155328128.
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Capps, Penny R. "A new perspective for creating geographic products for drug interdiction." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020035/.
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Hu, Weimin. "Etiological and ecological perspectives on geographical variations in infant mortality in British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/NQ41359.pdf.
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Anastasiadis, Philip Andrew. "Knowledge creation within geographically dispersed organisations : collocation from a sensemaking perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71767.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the question of organisational knowledge creation in geographically dispersed settings. In Chapter 1, I describe Nonaka’s model of organisational knowledge creation and Weick’s theory of organisational sensemaking in more detail. In Chapter 2, the geographically dispersed organisation is examined in more detail, looking at socialisation, organisational culture and trust. In Chapter 3, communication dynamics within the geographically dispersed organisation are examined, with a focus on Media Richness Theory and the impact this has had on theories of communication across distance. In Chapter 4, the organisation is examined at the level of the team, discussing real world examples of dispersed knowledge creation from the knowledge management and sensemaking perspective, using research on globally dispersed software development teams practicing the Scrum methodology. The thesis comes to the conclusion that it is possible for knowledge creation to occur amongst geographically dispersed individuals, if they have learned how to make sense together. However shared frameworks are quicker and easier to develop in face-to-face settings, but as soon as the basis for it exists, the influence of geographic dispersal is reduced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis ondersoek die kwessie van organisatoriese kennisskepping in geografies verspreide situasies. Die eerste hoofstuk beskryf Nonaka se model van organisatoriese kennisskepping en Weick se teorie van organisatoriese singewing. In die tweede hoofstuk word die fenomeen van geografies-verspreide organisering van nader beskou en bespreek in terme van die effek wat dit het op sosialisering, organisatoriese kultuur en vertroue. In die derde hoofstuk word die kommunikasie-dinamika in geografies verspreide organisasies ondersoek met 'n fokus op "Media Richness Theory" en die impak wat dit het op teorieë van afstandskommunikasie. In die vierde hoofstuk word die organisasies bestudeer op die vlak van die span. Hier word voorbeelde van verspreide kennisskepping vanuit die kennisbestuurs- en singewingsperspektiewe bespreek aan die hand van 'n oorsig oor navorsing oor globaalverspreide sagteware-ontwikkelingspanne wat die SCRUM-metodologie volg. Die tesis kom tot die slotsom dat dit kennisskepping in sulke kontekste kan plaasvind as die lede van die span saam sin kan maak. Gedeelde raamwerke word egter makliker en vinniger in gesig tot gesig situaties opgebou, maar sodra die basis daarvoor bestaan word die invloed van geografiese verspreiding minder.
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Jia, Tao. "Geospatial Knowledge Discovery using Volunteered Geographic Information : a Complex System Perspective." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104783.
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The continuous progression of urbanization has resulted in an increasing number of people living in cities or towns. In parallel, advancements in technologies, such as the Internet, telecommunications, and transportation, have allowed for better connectivity among people. This has engendered drastic changes in urban systems during the recent decades. From a social geographic perspective, the changes in urban systems are primarily characterized by intensive contacts among people and their interactions with the surrounding urban environment, which further leads to subsequent challenging problems such as traffic jams, environmental pollution, urban sprawl, etc. These problems have been reported to be heterogeneous and non-deterministic. Hence, to cope with them, massive amounts of geographic data are required to create new knowledge on urban systems. Due to the thriving of Volunteer Geographic Information (VGI) in recent years, this thesis presents knowledge on urban systems based on extensive VGI datasets from three sources: highway dataset from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project, photo location dataset from the Flickr website, and GPS tracking datasets from volunteers, taxicabs, and air flights. The knowledge primarily relates to two issues of urban systems: the urban space and the corresponding human dynamics. In accordance, on one hand, urban space acts as a carrier for associated geographic activities and knowledge of it benefits our understanding of current social and economic problems in urban systems. On the other hand, human dynamics reflect human behavior in urban space, which leads to complex mobility or activity patterns. Its investigation allows a derivation of the underlying driving force that is very instructive to urban planning, traffic management, and infectious disease control. Therefore, to fully understand the two issues, this thesis conducts a thorough investigation from multiple aspects. The first issue is investigated from four aspects. First, at the city level, the controversial topic of city size regularity is investigated in terms of natural cities, and the conclusion is that Zipf’s law holds stably for all US cities. Second, at the sub-city level, the size distribution of spatial units within different cities in terms of the clusters formed by street nodes, photo locations, and taxi static points are explored, and the result shows a remarkable scaling property of these spatial units. Third, enlightened by the scaling property of the urban space at the city or sub-city level, this thesis devises a novel tool that can demarcate the cities into three categories: compact cities, normal cities, and sprawling cities. The tool is then applied to cities in both the US and three European countries. In the last, another representation of urban space is taken into account, namely the transportation network. The findings report that the US airport network displays the properties of scale-free, small-world, and disassortative mixing and that the individual natural airports show heterogeneous patterns that are probably subject to geographic constraints and socioeconomic factors. The second issue is examined from four perspectives. First, at the city level, the movement flow contributed by agents using two types of behavior is investigated through an agent-based simulation, and the result conjectures that the human mobility behavior is mainly shaped by the underlying street network. Second, at the country level, this thesis reports that the human travel length by air can be approximated well by an exponential distribution, and subsequent simulations indicate that human mobility behavior is largely constrained by the underlying airport network. Third, at the regional level, the length that humans travel by car is demonstrated to agree well with a power law with exponential cutoff distribution, and subsequent simulation further reproduces this levy flight characteristic. Based on the simulation, human mobility behavior is again revealed to be primarily shaped by the underlying hierarchical spatial structure. Finally, taxicab static points are adopted to explore human activity patterns, which can be characterized as the regularities in space and time, the heterogeneity and predictability in space. From a complex system perspective, this thesis presents the knowledge discovered in urban systems using massive volumes of geographic data. Together with new knowledge from empirical findings, the development of methods, and the design of theoretic models, this thesis also shares the research community with geographic data generated from extensive VGI datasets and the corresponding source codes. Moreover, this study is aligned with a paradigm shift in that it analyzes large-size datasets using high processing power as opposed to analyzing small-size datasets with low processing power.QC 20121113
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Wiltshire, Richard L. "Relocating the Japanese worker : geographical perspectives on personnel transfers, career mobility and economic restructuring /." [Folkestone] : Japan library, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374751019.
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Th. doct.--economie--London--School of oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1993. Titre de soutenance : Personnel transfers and the geographical mobility of population.Bibliogr. p. 211-221. Index. L'ouvrage contient trois pages de glossaire bilingue Japonais-anglais avec translittération des termes spécifiques au sujet traité.
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Bochel, Margaret. "Geographical perspectives on residential provision for the elderly : with special reference to the voluntary sector." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1929.
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Borstad, Karen A. "Ancient roads in the Madaba Plains of Transjordan: Research from a geographic perspective." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284261.
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The milestones, curbstones, and stone roadbeds that appear as discontinuous fragments in the Transjordanian landscape are identified as the remains of constructed Roman roads. The major Roman highway in Transjordan, built by the emperor Trajan in 111-114 CE and known today as the via Traiana nova ("Trajan's new road"), has many gaps in its material remains, particularly through the Madaba Plains. This lack of remains marking the route is an obstacle to research because the route of the via Traiana nova is thought to provide clues to the routes of pre-Roman highways. This research assumption, formulated as a hypothesis that constructed Roman roads followed the course of the natural, indigenous routes, conflicts with many of the Roman remains that appear as bridges, tunnels, and rock-cut steps that significantly changed the landscape. The via Traiana nova's route through Transjordan provides a unique opportunity to test the relationship between the routes of Roman and indigenous roads because its construction can be dated precisely, thereby providing evidence for dating the preceding, pre-Roman road. Modeling the via Traiana nova through Transjordan, using a new approach that includes GIS technology to synthesize the disparate archaeological and suggest that the via Traiana nova, when it was new, incorporated both indigenous Nabataean highways and new Roman sections that provided direct, paved roads through the Wadi al-Mujib and the Wadi al-Hasa. These new, Roman shortcuts eventually effected changes in the demographic and economic systems of Transjordan in Byzantine times.