Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geographical information systems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Geographical information systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Geographical information systems"

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White, Denis. "Geographical Information Systems." Ecology 68, no. 6 (December 1987): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939900.

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DeMers, Michael N., David J. Maguire, Michael F. Goodchild, and David W. Rhind. "Geographical Information Systems." Geographical Review 83, no. 3 (July 1993): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215736.

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Lee, Jay. "Geographical Information Systems:." Art Reference Services Quarterly 1, no. 3 (January 12, 1994): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j102v01n03_08.

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Wansleeben, Milco, and Leo Verhart. "Geographical Information Systems." Archaeological Dialogues 4, no. 1 (May 1997): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800000908.

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It is one o clock in the morning of December 20. Buffalo is cold, five degrees below zero Fahrenheit with a wind chill of minus twenty five degrees. The Niagara River is frozen solid except at the Falls. Sounds travel far on these cold nights. I hear a loud crash as if the ice is beginning to crack. I fantasize about the spring and the ice breaking up into thousands of small icebergs that float down the river. Icebergs bring to mind GIS software. Like icebergs, GIS software is frequently attractive and even starkly beautiful. Yet GIS systems are sometimes foreign and can be very inhospitable. As in the case of those frozen fantasies, GIS software may look better from a distance than close up. (Zubrow 1990b, 184)
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PULLAR, DAVID, and GEOFF MCDONALD. "GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS." Australian Planner 36, no. 4 (January 1999): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1999.9665763.

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Raper, Jonathan. "Geographical information systems." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 15, no. 4 (December 1991): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339101500406.

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Raper, Jonathan. "Geographical information systems." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 17, no. 4 (December 1993): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339301700407.

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Nathanail, C. P., and A. Symonds. "Geographical information systems." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 18, no. 1 (2001): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.2001.018.01.09.

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CRACKNELL, ARTHUR P. "Editorial—Geographical Information Systems." International Journal of Remote Sensing 7, no. 6 (June 1986): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168608954728.

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JACKSON, M. J. "Integrated geographical information systems." International Journal of Remote Sensing 13, no. 6-7 (April 1992): 1343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169208904195.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geographical information systems"

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Tanner, Christopher Barrat. "Effectiveness measures for geographical information systems (GIS)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16088.

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Bibliography: pages 85-87.
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) often do not meet the expectations of users and management, raising questions and doubts as to their overall success and effectiveness. To date the majority of GIS research has focused on technical issues, and management research has approached GIS effectiveness from a purely cost benefit perspective. This study adopts a holistic, multi-perspective approach to the issue of GIS effectiveness, identifying measures of effectiveness related to the fields of Information Systems (IS), Management Information Systems (MIS) and GIS. It applies these measures using the case study methodology in a small South African local authority, the Ceres Municipality.
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Soutar, Garron. "Target marketing : the geographical information systems approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53611.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Geodemographics has been used extensively as a decision-support tool in both the business sector and the market survey environment in the United States, the United Kingdom and numerous other countries. This has however not been the case in South Africa, partly because of the expense involved in capturing current and complete customer information. As an alternative to capturing all the required customer information, geodemographics has frequently made use of government census data to supplement the organisation-specific data. However, even the census data has its shortcomings. This research has explored a method for building an organisation-specific database using a combination of government census data and organisation-specific data. The organisation-specific data was captured using a questionnaire that was targeted to a specific group of people. The information obtained from the questionnaire and which overlapped with specific census data variables was then used to update the relevant census variables. Cluster analysis was subsequently conducted on the census data in order to identify enumerator areas within the Western Province that had demographic and economic characteristics similar to those of the surveyed areas. Once the appropriate enumerator areas had been identified, the organisation-specific information from the survey was extrapolated to these new areas outside of the surveyed areas. The methodology used in this research provides a process that allows organisations to build a unique geodatabase by making use of the good qualities of both the census data and user-specific data. The resulting geodatabase is one that contains current and pertinent information while also providing complete spatial coverage.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geodemografie word op groot skaal gebruik as n hulpmiddel vir die ondersteuning van besluitneming in die sakesektor en die markopname-omgewing in die Verenigde State, die Verenigde Koninkryk en talle ander lande. Dit is egter nie in Suid-Afrika die geval nie, deels as gevolg van die onkoste verbonde aan vaslegging van die jongste en volledige kliente-inligting. As n altematief vir die vaslegging van al die vereiste kliente-inligting maak geodemografie dikwels gebruik van sensusdata om data eie aan n organisasie aan te vul. Selfs sensusdata het egter tekortkominge. Hierdie navorsing het n metode ondersoek vir die opbou van n databasis eie aan n organisasie deur gebruik te maak van n kombinasie van sensusdata en data eie aan n organisasie. Die data eie aan ri organisasie is vasgele deur gebruik te maak van ri vraelys vir n spesifieke teikengroep. Die inligting wat uit die vraelys verkry is en wat met die spesifieke sensusdataveranderlikes ooreengestem het, is toe gebruik om die relevante sensusveranderlikes by te werk. Skakelingsanalise is daama op die sensusdata uitgevoer ten einde opnemerareas in die Westelike Provinsie te identifiseer wat soortgelyke demografiese en ekonomiese kenmerke gehad het as die areas waarin die vraelysopname gemaak is. Nadat die geskikte opnemerareas gei'dentifiseer is, is die inligting eie aan die organisasie uit die opname geekstrapoleer na hierdie nuwe areas buite die areas waar die opname gemaak is. Die metodologie wat in hierdie navorsing gebruik is, verskaf n metodologie wat organisasies in staat stel om n unieke geodatabasis op te bou deur gebruik te maak van die goeie eienskappe van beide die sensusdata en die data eie aan die gebruiker. Die geodatabasis wat hieruit voortspruit, is een wat die jongste en verbandhoudende inligting bevat en volledige ruimtelike dekking bied.
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Kidd, David Michael. "Applications of geographical information systems to phylogeography." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675412.

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Harris, Colin Malcolm. "Environmental management in Antarctica using Geographical Information Systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268041.

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This dissertation examines terrestrial and near-shore marine environmental management problems in Antarctica, emphasising the potential application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Rules for environmental management in Antarctica have been agreed within the Antarctic Treaty system (ATS) and in the 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. However, barriers exist to the implementation of environmental policies: King George Island, South Shetland Islands, where currently 8 countries operate permanent scientific stations, exhibits practical examples of the resulting problems. Designation of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) and Antarctic Specially Managed Areas (ASMAs) under the Protocol would improve management in this complex multinational context, but it is concluded these currently lack a standardised set of zones that can be applied to meet management needs. Five types of management zone are therefore proposed to define those areas with special qualities or management needs: Sensitive Areas, Scientific Areas, Tourist Areas, Facilities Areas and Historic Areas. Applying these zones within ASPAs and ASMAs could provide a local and regional planning framework to manage human activities, thus minimising potential environmental impacts and conflicts of interest. Geographical information is vital to ensuring measures are effective. Information required for management of ASP As and ASMAs could be collected, stored and coordinated at national and regional data centres, using GIS where appropriate to handle the spatial data. At an international level, an Antarctic Treaty Data Centre (ATDC) is proposed to receive and coordinate data and directories from participating national and regional centres, to establish a scientific and environmental data system, and to manage the information needed for the operation of the Treaty and its Protocol. This approach would allow environmental information to be held at the local, regional or international level at which it is most needed, and also assist the flow of information among programmes, nations and disciplines. GIS could be employed to assist development of common spatial frameworks, which facilitate the organisation and integration of spatial databases. The GIS-based Antarctic Digital Database appears to provide the coordinated framework needed at scales of 1:250,000 and smaller, but is of insufficient resolution, and does not contain the data required, to meet environmental management (and science) needs at local- regional levels - especially for -environmental assessments and monitoring. More detailed databases need to be constructed, but geographical data needs must be prioritised. The organisational aspects of GIS need to be addressed, such as international standards for spatial data quality and exchange. The ATDC, National and Regional Data Centres proposed could help meet these needs. Conflicting goals and uses in Antarctica need to be managed more deliberately than in the past, and in spite of the improvements in the Protocol, tools for practical implementation of policies at the local and regional levels, and in relation to environmental information management, are still lacking. The model reforms suggested - using GIS to handle environmental information - are designed to address these weaknesses and closely link environmental management and environmental information management and place them at the core of the ATS.
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Fischer, Manfred M. "From Conventional to Knowledge Based Geographical Information Systems." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1994. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4196/1/WSG_DP_3594.pdf.

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Artificial intelligence (Al) has received an explosion of interest during the last five years in various fields. There is no longer any question that expert systems and neural networks will be of central importance for developing the next generation of more intelligent geographic information systems. Such knowledge based geographic information systems will especially play a key role in spatial decision and policy analysis related to issues such as environmental monitoring and management, land use planning, motor vehicle navigation and distribution logistics. This paper sketches briefly the major characteristics of conventional geographic information systems, and then looks at some of the potentials of Al principles and techniques in a GIS environment where emphasis is laid on expert systems and artificial neural networks technologies and techniques. (author's abstract)
Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
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Van, Buren Thomas Sly. "Rural town geographical information systems : issues in integration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70648.

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Schaan, Andréa Brandelli. "Small Hydropower Resource Assessment using Geographical Information Systems." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/44716.

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Schaan, Andréa Brandelli. "Small Hydropower Resource Assessment using Geographical Information Systems." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/44716.

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Germain, Richard James. "Drought management using a geographical information system." Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178651687.

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Yang, Jun Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "TMDS thematic map design advisory system; for geographical information systems and electronic mapping systems." Ottawa, 1993.

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Books on the topic "Geographical information systems"

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Paul, Longley, ed. Geographical information systems. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 1999.

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Chrisman, Nicholas. Exploring geographical information systems. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2002.

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Lakhan, V. C. Introductory geographical information systems. Etobicoke, Ont: Summit Press, 1996.

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Burrough, P. A. Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Heywood, D. Ian. An introduction to geographical information systems. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998.

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Sarah, Cornelius, and Carver Steve, eds. An introduction to geographical information systems. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1998.

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Sarah, Cornelius, and Carver Steve, eds. An introduction to geographical information systems. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Geographical information systems: An introduction. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Singh, Vijay P. Geographical Information Systems in Hydrology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996.

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1948-, Hearnshaw Hilary M., Unwin D, and Association for Geographical Information, eds. Visualization in geographical information systems. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley & Sons, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geographical information systems"

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Liu, Jian Guo, and Philippa J. Mason. "Geographical Information Systems." In Essential Image Processing and GIS for Remote Sensing, 135–40. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687963.ch11.

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Loo, Becky P. Y., and Shenjun Yao. "Geographical Information Systems." In Injury Research, 447–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1599-2_24.

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Marjoribanks, Roger W. "Geographical Information Systems." In Geological Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining, 85–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5822-0_7.

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Longley, Paul A., and James A. Cheshire. "Geographical information systems." In The Routledge Handbook of Mapping and Cartography, 251–58. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315736822-21.

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Jones, Christopher B., and Ross S. Purves. "Geographical Information Retrieval." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 1–6. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7993-3_177-2.

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Jones, Christopher B., and Ross S. Purves. "Geographical Information Retrieval." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 1227–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_177.

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Jones, Christopher B., and Ross S. Purves. "Geographical Information Retrieval." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 1600–1605. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8265-9_177.

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Kvamme, Kenneth L. "Geographical Information Systems (GIS)." In Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology, 309–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_57.

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Singhal, B. B. S., and R. P. Gupta. "Geographical information systems (GIS)." In Applied Hydrogeology of Fractured Rocks, 105–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9208-6_6.

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da Cruz Albuquerque, Helena Cláudia, Filomena Maria Cardoso Pedrosa Martins, and Luís Manuel Tomás Galiza Cardoso. "Geographical information systems, tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_522-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geographical information systems"

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"6.5 Geographical Information Systems." In CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume VI: Information Technology . St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21691.

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Silva, Beatriz Marques Moreira, Lucas Valerio Oliveira, Maria Carolina Barbosa Jurema, and Leonardo Bacelar Lima Santos. "Complex Network Into Geographical Information Systems." In 6th International Conference on Nonlinear Science and Complexity. São José dos Campos, Brazil: INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/nsc2016-0048.

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Erden, Hakan, Ibrahim Aykut Kaya, and Mine Ocal. "Rural development studies and geographical information systems." In 2015 Fourth International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2015.7248097.

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Dumoncel, Franck, Mohamed Ould Ahmed Limam, and Mauro Gaio. "Semantic feedback in geographical information retrieval systems." In the 15th French-speaking conference on human-computer interaction. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1063669.1063682.

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Grimshaw, D. J. "Towards a taxonomy of geographical information systems." In Proceedings of HICSS-29: 29th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1996.493250.

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Parseliunas, Eimuntas, and Saulius Urbanas. "Features of Flexible E-Learning Modules Within Geographical Information Science for Vocational Training." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59093.

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The main features and general structures of two distant learning modules within geographical information science for vocational training are presented in this paper. “European Level Developments of Flexible Learning Models within Geographical Information Science (GIS) for Vocational Training (E-GIS)” was a pilot project under the Leonardo de Vinci Community action Programme on vocational training, within Geographical Information Science (GIS), to be implemented over a three year period, 2002–05. The project will be continued in 2008–2009 under the abbreviation eGIS+. The main objectives of the project is to establish co-operation between European Universities and GIS user organisations and to develop modularised courses intended for Internet based learning, establish links of communications between the partners in the project in order to disseminate and share “best practices” in different teaching situations and for different types of students. The course modules to be developed, all together, will constitute a one-year programme within GIS. This project mainly targets full time students, private and civil service employees within the European Union, but also similar categories in non-EU countries. The outcomes of the project is high level content, new net-based pedagogic method suited for accessing target groups of great diversity as regards pedagogic traditions, access to computers and bandwidth. Cooperation between the institutions will, certainly, give higher level courses than the individual institutions could possibly themselves. “Training of Lithuanian Geographic Information Infrastructure managers” is a project supported by European Union Structural Funds and National Land Service under the Ministry of Agriculture of Lithuania Republic. The main objective of the proposed geographic information e-training system is to develop and provide the modularised Spatial Information Infrastructure courses intended for on-line based learning. This mainly will target employees of civil service and private business in Lithuania and European Union. Proposed curriculum is a set of modular courses adding up to 1.5-year part-time studies in the field of Geographic Information Science and Geographic Information Infrastructure.
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McArdle, Gavin, Gavin McArdle, Christian Sallaberry, and Bianca Schoen-Phelan. "Session details: Theme: Information systems: GIA - geographical information analytics track." In SAC '22: The 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3535428.

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Voigt, Michael, and Christoph Busch. "Watermarking 2D-vector data for geographical information systems." In Electronic Imaging 2002, edited by Edward J. Delp III and Ping W. Wong. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.465322.

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"A GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM." In 3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001287203080314.

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GÖK, Selva, and Mahmut FIRAT. "Analysis of Faults in Sewage Systems with Geographical Information Systems." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021tr0050n9.

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Wastewater systems are one of the most important infrastructure elements in terms of human and environmental health. In such systems, failures are observed depending on various factors. These failures increase operating and maintenance-repair costs and create threats to human and environmental health. For this reason, these systems should be monitored regularly and the factors causing malfunction should be analyzed. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate and analyze failures occurring in sewerage systems with geographical information systems. For this, the failures in the sewage system of Malatya province between year 2015-2019 were taken into account. It has been determined that the most common types of failure are misuse, in-line sag and deformation, and in-line lubrication. In addition, the highest failure rate occurred in pipes with a diameter of 100-200 mm. In the spatial analysis of faults, inline collapse is generally observed in the central regions, while misuse faults are found to be in the system. It has been observed that factors such as pipe diameter and length, season, traffic load, ground feature, and improper use are effective in the increase in fault density.
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Reports on the topic "Geographical information systems"

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Norton, F. J. Geographical Information Systems: Thoughts regarding implementation and transitions between steps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266698.

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Ozgunaltay-Ertugrul, Gulden, Omer Ertugrul, and Adnan Degirmencioglu. Determination of Agricultural Mechanization Level of Kirşehir Province Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.08.18.

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Kholoshyn, I., T. Nazarenko, O. Bondarenko, O. Hanchuk, and I. Varfolomyeyeva. The application of geographic information systems in schools around the world: a retrospective analysis. IOP Publishing, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4560.

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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70 s – early 90s of the 20th century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.

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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.

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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Belles, Randy, Gary T. Mays, Olufemi A. Omitaomu, and Willis P. Poore III. Updated Application of Spatial Data Modeling and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for Identification of Potential Siting Options for Small Modular Reactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1052267.

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Mays, Gary T., Randy Belles, Brandon R. Blevins, Stanton W. Hadley, Thomas J. Harrison, Warren C. Jochem, Bradley S. Neish, Olufemi A. Omitaomu, and Amy N. Rose. Application of Spatial Data Modeling and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for Identification of Potential Siting Options for Various Electrical Generation Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032036.

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Mays, Gary T., Randy Belles, Sacit Cetiner, Rob L. Howard, Cheng Liu, Don Mueller, Olufemi Omitaomu, Steven Peterson, and John M. Scaglione. Application of Spatial Data Modeling Systems, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Transportation Routing Optimization Methods for Evaluating Integrated Deployment of Interim Spent Fuel Storage Installations and Advanced Nuclear Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050369.

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Holm, G. F. Manitoba geographical names information system. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298231.

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Peek, Dennis W., Donald Alan Helfrich, and Susan Gorman. Environmental geographic information system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097199.

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