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Dudnik, I., О. Borisyuk, and I. Zarya. "Features of socio-geographical methodology to the study of regional tourism market." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 63 (2015): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2015.63.4.
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Grounded directions of methodological provisions of social geography in the study of regional tourist markets (define the essence of the term “regional tourism market,” the use of specific geographic methods to study regional tourist markets, the definition of geographical criteria and indicators for assessment, diagnosis and prognosis of regional tourist markets) to create geographical concept of sustainable development. On the basis of geographical areas when analyzing studies regional tourist markets are the concept of regional marketing. The expediency of development of the theory of social and geographic marketing.
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Nigmatov, Askar, and Odiljon Tobirov. "Scientific And Theoretical Foundations Of The Concepts Of Tourism, Geography And Geographical Tourism." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 03 (March 13, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue03-01.
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In the article, the idea of forming a new direction in the tourism industry – geographic tourism is put forward on the basis of international experience, national practice and long-term research. It substantiates in detail the scientific and theoretical foundations of the concepts of tourism, tourist, geography and geographical tourism.
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Latypova, Z. B., M. K. Omarov, and D. D. Davletberdin. "Ecologization of geographic education and forming of ecological culture." Pedagogicheskiy Zhurnal Bashkortostana 92, no. 2 (2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21510/1817-3292-2021-92-2-35-44.
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In recent years geographical education has undergone great changes. Taking into account its significance and current situation, the Concept of the Development of Geographical Education in Russia was adopted. It notes that geography forms the concept of human activity in interaction with the environment at all levels, and geographical information serves as the basis for identifying and solving problems that arise in the process of this interaction. This allows us to conclude that one of the features and tasks of modern geographical education is its greening, which is the subject of this article. As geography and ecology are now closely cooperating, there is a new thread occurring in science. This is geoecology. The article reveals the essence of this term and its conceptual basis. One of the main components of a human culture is the geographic culture. The geographic culture forms thanks to geographical education. Meanwhile, the geographical culture facilitates the formation of the ecological culture. The contemporary literature on geography and ecology often discusses the issue of how the ecological culture is formed. Methodologists are involved in developing various practical extra classes to improve the ecological culture. The major method to study the ecology and geography is a geoecological (ecological) mapping. The mapping facilitates programs and projects aimed at environment protection. The findings of the ecological and geographical researches help create geoecological, landscape and ecological maps. Today researchers are actively developing a unified method for creating such maps. The model or the basis of this method should be a landscape map of a territory. This is particularly urgent these days; regions create charts of their ecological framework. The article also reveals the essence and meaning of a territory’s landscape and ecological framework. Such a complicated system shall be developed by people knowledgeable in geography and ecology. Training such specialist is the top priority of the geographical education.
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Zou, Gao Lu, and K. W. Chau. "Long-Term Equilibrium and Short-Term Dynamics between Metropolitan Housing Markets in China." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.343.
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House prices across cities may form long-term relations. Geographic barriers could lead to lack of short-term dynamics. The paper aims to investigate the long-run equilibrium and/or short-run dynamics betweenmetropolitan house pricesin China. The study introduced two cointegration tests and various small-sample corrections. We conductedthe Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality tests. House prices betweencitiesin most regional markets did notshow long-term relations as well as short-term dynamics. Therefore, geographies andtransport costs between cities could reducethe centrifugal forces of city growth. Metropolitan housing markets are typically local.
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Komlenovic, Djurdjica. "Knowledge of geographical map at the end of primary school education in Serbia." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 41, no. 2 (2009): 526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0902526k.
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The paper presents the results of one part of empirical research conducted for the purpose of conceiving the proposal of educational standards for the subject Geography at the end of primary school education. The goal was to determine the extent to which the students were trained to orient themselves and use cartographic method in the process of using geographical map. Research comprised the representative sample of 919 students of the final grade in 159 Serbian primary schools. Achievement Test served for studying the levels of students' knowledge and skills in the field of Geographic Skills. Besides this, the questionnaire studied students' opinion on learning outcomes in this field, and by analyzing contingency tables, the correlation between students' success in geography at the end of the first term of the eighth grade and their opinion about learning outcomes in the afore-mentioned field was determined. The findings of this research indicate that students are not sufficiently trained to orient themselves in space and on geographical map, as well as to use geographical map in instruction. Besides, it was established that there is a correlation between students' success and their opinion on learning outcomes in the field of Geographic Skills.
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Jiang, Bingchuan, Liheng Tan, Yan Ren, and Feng Li. "Intelligent Interaction with Virtual Geographical Environments Based on Geographic Knowledge Graph." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8100428.
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The core of intelligent virtual geographical environments (VGEs) is the formal expression of geographic knowledge. Its purpose is to transform the data, information, and scenes of a virtual geographic environment into “knowledge” that can be recognized by computer, so that the computer can understand the virtual geographic environment more easily. A geographic knowledge graph (GeoKG) is a large-scale semantic web that stores geographical knowledge in a structured form. Based on a geographic knowledge base and a geospatial database, intelligent interactions with virtual geographical environments can be realized by natural language question answering, entity links, and so on. In this paper, a knowledge-enhanced Virtual geographical environments service framework is proposed. We construct a multi-level semantic parsing model and an enhanced GeoKG for structured geographic information data, such as digital maps, 3D virtual scenes, and unstructured information data. Based on the GeoKG, we propose a bilateral LSTM-CRF (long short-term memory- conditional random field) model to achieve natural language question answering for VGEs and conduct experiments on the method. The results prove that the method of intelligent interaction based on the knowledge graph can bridge the distance between people and virtual environments.
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Ahamer, Gilbert, and Josef Strobl. "Information Technologies Socialise Geographies." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 12, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2010070101.
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One of the ethical tasks and practical effects of IT is bridging and spanning different locations, thereby “socialising” across diverse “geographies of understanding”. A dozen documented case studies use IT (especially Geographic Information Sciences) in distance learning. The underlying conceptual model of a network society combined with empirical research on long-term civilisational and economic evolution leads to a general understanding of Information Technologies as facilitators of a multi-perspectivist and multi-disciplinary construction of world views (m:n type of science). Such a synopsis of education, structural evolution, social spaces and institutional change provides insight into IT’s strategic role of facilitating consensus building and constructing common world views that can socially converge (“socialise”) isolated cultures of understanding. “Geography” is here seen as a provider of world views that emerge from communicative action. The presented cases in this paper span both geographic locations as well as constructed cultures of understanding.
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Desmet, Klaus, Dávid Krisztián Nagy, and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg. "Asia's Geographic Development." Asian Development Review 34, no. 2 (August 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00093.
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This paper studies the impact of spatial frictions on Asia's long-term spatial development. Using the framework provided in Desmet, Nagy, and Rossi-Hansberg ( 2016 ), we analyze the evolution of Asia's economy and the relative performance of specific regions and countries. We then perform a number of counterfactual experiments and find that a worldwide drop in transport costs of 40% increases the present discounted value of real income by 70.7% globally and 78% in Asia. These figures are much larger than those found in standard quantitative trade models because they include dynamic effects and take into account intracountry transport costs. We also perform exercises in which we upgrade Asia's road network or relax migratory restrictions between locations in Asia. These exercises emphasize the important role of spatial frictions in the development of Asia's economy.
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DAMBUEV, I. A. "GEOGRAPHIC TERM ТОЛГОЙ IN THE TOPONYMY OF ETHNIC BURYATIA." Najdakov Readings 4, no. 1 (2018): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/2222-7547.2018.023-025.
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Ringbaek, Thomas J., Peter Lange, and Kaj Viskum. "Geographic Variation in Long-term Oxygen Therapy in Denmark." Chest 119, no. 6 (June 2001): 1711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.119.6.1711.
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Liang, Liang. "Beyond the Bioclimatic Law." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 6 (August 3, 2016): 811–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316656558.
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Almost a century ago, observed geographic patterns of plant phenology (such as leaf-out and flowering) were summarized in Hopkins’ Bioclimatic Law. This law describes phenology as varying along climatic gradients by latitude, longitude, and altitude. Yet phenological patterns are not only affected by contemporary climatic differences across space, but also by underlying geographic variations in plant genetics that arise from long-term climatic adaptation. The latter influence on geographic patterns in phenology has been undervalued to this day, mainly due to the difficulty of quantifying it. This study outlines a methodology for bridging this knowledge gap through delineating geographic adaption patterns using common garden and cloned plant phenology. Through synthesizing existing literature, typical geographic adaptation patterns in both spring and autumn phenology of many temperate tree species are identified. Under uniform environment, spring leaf-out of colder climate-adapted populations of a certain species is either earlier than warmer climate-adapted ones due to lower thermal requirements, or later because of higher chilling (for dormancy release) demands. The former leads to a countergradient pattern as it is opposite to an in situ observation, while the latter leads to a cogradient pattern. Autumn leaf senescence, on the other hand, expresses a consistent cogradient pattern that is related to latitude and constrained by the populations’ varied photoperiod requirements. These geographic adaptation patterns allow a clearer understanding of geographical variations in phenological responses to climate change, and provide a theoretical basis for spatially explicit phenological models. In addition, given that these adaptive patterns reveal genotype-based variabilities, they are potentially useful for more accurately tracking phenology-dependent ecosystem processes (e.g. species distribution) and non-weather-related vegetation changes. As a unique subfield of physical geography with broad environmental implications, this line of research needs to be further developed by furnishing a stronger and more explicit spatial structure into current phenological studies.
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Rönsdorf, Carsten, Paul Mason, Jonathan Holmes, Urs Gerber, André Streilein, Marguérite Bos, Arif Shaon, et al. "GI+100: Long Term Preservation of Digital Geographic Information — 16 Fundamental Principles Agreed by National Mapping Agencies and State Archives." International Journal of Digital Curation 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v11i2.388.
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This paper states 16 principles for the long term retention and preservation of digital geographic information. The paper is mainly aimed at public sector geographic information providers in Europe (particularly those involved in mapping and cadastre) with the intention of highlighting the significance of fundamental concepts for digital geographic data archiving. Geographic information providers are mainly mapping agencies, but also archives preserving geographic data among a wider range of digital information. A supplementary objective is that the paper may provide useful information for providers of all types of geographic information right around the world. This paper states 16 principles for the long term retention and preservation of digital geographic information. The paper is mainly aimed at public sector geographic information providers in Europe (particularly those involved in mapping and cadastre) with the intention of highlighting the significance of fundamental concepts for digital geographic data archiving. Geographic information providers are mainly mapping agencies, but also archives preserving geographic data among a wider range of digital information. A supplementary objective is that the paper may provide useful information for providers of all types of geographic information right around the world. There are many reasons why people wish to retain access to information, though the main drivers for archiving digital geographic information are meeting legislative requirements, the short and long term exploitation (re-use not only access) of archived data for analyzing social, environmental (e.g. global climate changes) and economic changes over time as well as efficiency savings in managing superseded datasets. This paper sets out the path and describes what needs to be done now to future-proof the investment government agencies around the world have made in creating digital Geographic Data.
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Susilo, Bowo, and Rika Harini. "Spatial Analysis and Visualization of Geographic Access to Food in the Capital Area of Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province." Forum Geografi 32, no. 2 (November 25, 2018): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v32i2.7070.
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Recently, food security becomes a priority for many governments particularly in developing countries. Food security has four dimensions i.e. availability, accessibility, stability, and utilization. This study examined food accessibility in term of geographic access i.e. the contribution of the geographic environment to food choices and consumption. The study located in Tanjung Selor Subdistrict, the capital region of Bulungan Regency as well as North Kalimantan Province. Geographic access to food was analyzed based on spatial distribution of food stores, settlement, and availability of transportation network. Spatial analysis, i.e. coverage, density, and network analysis, as well as the spatial visualization were performed using tools available in GIS software. This study revealed some circumstance related to geographical access to food in the study area. Geographical access to food for non-motorized people is limited. Non-motorized people have to walk more than 1 km to the nearest food store. Access to food for motorized people is somewhat different. Their geographical access, in general, were categorized as easy to moderate. This situation indicates that the availability of public transport or vehicle ownership is necessary to improve access to food.
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Sexton, Alexandra E., Tara Garnett, and Jamie Lorimer. "Vegan food geographies and the rise of Big Veganism." Progress in Human Geography 46, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 605–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03091325211051021.
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Veganism is the subject of an increasingly diverse body of social scientific research, yet it remains relatively understudied in geography. Meanwhile, contemporary cultural commentaries note how veganism has gone mainstream, with critics warning of veganism’s corporate nature – expressed in the rise of what we term ‘Big Veganism’. We argue that food geographers are well placed to examine these trends. We first review vegan studies work beyond geography that examines and critiques the mainstreaming of veganism. We focus on literature that explores multiple contested modes of veganism, veganism as praxis in place and the rise of corporate veganism as useful foundations for geographers to build on, particularly in light of currently unfolding developments in vegan cultures and practice. Taking this work forward, we identify four conceptual traditions from research in food geographies – following foodways, alternative food networks and the cultural and material politics of eating – to develop a ‘vegan food geographies’ programme that aims to advance critical geographic work on veganism and the emerging implications of its contemporary mainstreaming.
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Toger, Marina, Karima Kourtit, Peter Nijkamp, and John Östh. "Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Data-Driven Time-Geographic Analysis of Health-Induced Mobility Changes." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 4027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074027.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the spatial mobility of a major part of the population in many countries. For most people, this was an extremely disruptive shock, resulting in loss of income, social contact and quality of life. However, forced to reduce human physical interaction, most businesses, individuals and households developed new action lines and routines, and were gradually learning to adapt to the new reality. Some of these changes might result in long-term changes in opportunity structures and in spatial preferences for working, employment or residential location choice, and for mobility behavior. In this paper we aim to extend the time-geographic approach to analyzing people’s spatial activities, by focusing on health-related geographical mobility patterns during the pandemic in Sweden. Starting from a micro-approach at individual level and then looking at an aggregate urban scale, we examine the space-time geography during the coronavirus pandemic, using Hägerstrand’s time-geography model. We utilize a massive but (location-wise) fuzzy dataset to analyze aggregate spatiotemporal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic using a contemporary time-geographical approach. First, we address micro-level behavior in time-space to understand the mechanisms of change and to illustrate that a temporal drastic change in human mobility seems to be plausible. Then we analyze the changes in individuals’ mobility by analyzing their activity spaces in aggregate using mobile phone network data records. Clearly, it is too early for predicting long-term spatial changes, but a clear heterogeneity in spatial behavior can already be detected. It seems plausible that the corona pandemic may have long-lasting effects on employment centers, city roles and spatial mobility patterns.
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Pennington, Jean A. T., Elizabeth C. Smith, Michele R. Chatfield, and Thomas C. Hendricks. "Langual." Terminology 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.1.2.04pen.
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LANGUAL, a computer-based food-description language, uses standardized vocabulary to describe specific characteristics of foods and food products. Each food product in a database is described by a set of descriptors from the following factors: product type; food source; part of plant or animal; physical state, shape, or form; extent of heat treatment; cooking method; treatment applied; preservation method; packing medium; container or wrapping; food contact surface; consumer group/dietary use/label claim; geographic places and regions; and adjunct characteristics. The purpose of LANGUAL is to allow rapid, accurate retrieval of food names from food-related databases relative to descriptive terms for these factors. The major advantages of LANGUAL are the speed and specificity of the retrievals and the flexibility of the system relative to change and updating.
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Bosco, Elliott, Andrew R. Zullo, Kevin W. McConeghy, Patience Moyo, Robertus van Aalst, Ayman Chit, Kevin M. Mwenda, Catherine A. Panozzo, Vincent Mor, and Stefan Gravenstein. "Geographic Variation in Pneumonia and Influenza in Long-Term Care Facilities: A National Study." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 8 (January 29, 2020): e202-e205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa081.
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Abstract There is large county-level geographic variation in pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations among short-stay and long-stay long-term care facility residents in the United States. Long-term care facilities in counties in the Southern and Midwestern regions had the highest rates of pneumonia and influenza from 2013 to 2015. Future research should identify reasons for these geographic differences.
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Malska, Marta. "Geographical, social, economic characteristics of services." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 42 (October 15, 2013): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.42.1864.
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The contemporary social, economic and geographic characteristics of services are analyzed. The role of tourism services in the national system of services is highlighted. The different definitions of the term “service” by Ukrainian and foreign scientists are explained. The main features of services and factors influencing them are described. The special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the objective evaluation of the service provision. The main elements of this evaluation are submitted. Key words: social geography, economic geography, service.
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Hamadi, Hanadi Y., Jing Xu, Aurora A. Tafili, Farouk S. Smith, and Aaron C. Spaulding. "Hospital Geographic Location and Unexpected Complications in term Newborns in Florida." Maternal and Child Health Journal 26, no. 2 (October 6, 2021): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03240-1.
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KREBS, MICHELLE, JARKKO ROUTTU, and DIETER EBERT. "QTL mapping of a natural genetic polymorphism for long-term parasite persistence in Daphnia populations." Parasitology 144, no. 13 (August 24, 2017): 1686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017001032.
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SUMMARYKnowing the determinants of the geographic ranges of parasites is important for understanding their evolutionary ecology, epidemiology and their potential to expand their range. Here we explore the determinants of geographic range in the peculiar case of a parasite species – the microsporidian Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis – that has a limited geographic distribution in a wide-spread host – Daphnia magna. We conducted a quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis with monoclonal F2D. magna populations originating from a cross between a susceptible northern European genotype and a resistant central European genotype. Contrary to our expectations, long-term persistence turned out to be a quantitative trait across the F2 offspring. Evidence for two QTLs, one epistatic interaction and for further minor QTL was found. This finding contrasts markedly with the previously described bimodal pattern for long-term parasite persistence in natural host genotypes across Europe and leaves open the question of how a quantitative genetic trait could determine the disjunct geographic distribution of the parasite across Europe.
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Čurda, Jakub, Bohumír Janský, and Jan Kocum. "The Effects of Physical-Geographic Factors on Flood Episodes Extremity in the Vydra River Basin." Geografie 116, no. 3 (2011): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2011116030335.
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The paper summarizes findings about the Vydra River basin (sw. Czechia) runoff regime including its sources with a special respect to observed flood situations formation and course. The main focus is concentrated on explanation of runoff dynamics relation to physical-geographic conditions of chosen subcatchments. In this term, special emphasis is adverted to peat land hydrological function assessment. Research is based on analyses of long-term time series of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and of data acquired within more than three years field survey which is carried out in the study area by the Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology.
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Cooper, Marie L. "Temporal variation in skull size and shape in the southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus (Peramelidae:Marsupialia) in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 48, no. 1 (2000): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo99047.
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Isoodon obesulus exhibits geographic variation in body size and shape, which appears to be adaptive. The geographic range of this species is declining, so the presence of adaptive divergence is of concern for the conservation of this species, both in the long term (loss of diversity decreasing evolutionary potential) and short term (choice of source populations for translocations). In this study, skulls of I. obesulus, both recent (animals alive within the last 100 years) and fossil (a few thousand years old), were examined and a range of measurements obtained. Comparisons were made between the two data sets to see whether skull morphology has changed over this relatively short period. Such a change may indicate rapid evolution of these characters and therefore the potential for fast regeneration of any lost geographic variation. Fossil skulls were smaller than their recent counterparts, had shorter ‘snouts’ relative to skull width and depth, and displayed no geographic variation in size and shape, whereas recent skulls were geographically differentiated. Because of the apparent rapid evolution in these characters, the implications of adaptive variation in size and shape inI. obesulus with regard to its conservation may be strictly short term, since any geographic variation lost may be quickly recovered if suitable conditions exist.
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Nahirnyi, Mykola. "Shevchenko’s Vision of Ukraine: Territorial Aspect." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 62 (2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.12.
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The article examines on which territory the term «Ukraine» spread in the Taras Shevchenko’s vision. In the Middle Ages there was confusion in the use of the names «Little Russia», «Ukraine», «Rus’» to designate the historical and geographical lands of Ukrainian people. The term «Ukraine» during centuries evolved in the semantic and geographic aspects. T. Shevchenko in separate his poems distinguishes the concept «Ukraine» and its regions (for example, «Volyn’» is mentioned separately). However, the analysis of Shevchenko’s works, the geography of his travels and interests suggests that the poet included in the actual understanding of Ukraine the lands that, in different periods, were part of the notion of «Rus’», «Hetmanshchyna», «Cossack’s Ukraine», «Little Russia». Territorially Shevchenko’s Ukraine was imposed on all these lands. Geographical and spatial Shevchenko’s imagines about the land, which he called «Ukraine» in his work, we can check through his travels in the Ukrainian lands, his poetry and other activity, the ratio of historical or geographical concepts used by him or information about the regions which the poet was interested in. In accordance with these criteria, Shevchenko could include into his great homeland the territory of the Cossack state of B. Khmelnytsky and which correspond to the concept of «Rus», with the inclusion of lands of Slobozhanshchyna. Belonging to this Shevchenko Ukraine of Transcarpathia, Donbass and Crimea remains unconfirmed and needs further refinement and research.
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Pennington, Jean A. T. "Cuisine." Terminology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.3.1.08pen.
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Cuisine, the culinary/cultural identity of foods, is one of the descriptive facets (characteristics) included in the International Interface Standard for food databases. The interface was developed to help standardize food descriptive terms and facilitate computerized retrieval and exchange of information from food-related databases. The terms of the cuisine facet may help identify and characterize some foods in databases and allow for specific retrievals of information from those databases. A hierarchy of cuisine terms (i.e., broader and narrower terms) was developed on the basis of information collected from professional and lay literature. The usual (common) name of each cuisine, specific features of the cuisine, and examples of dishes (and their ingredients) that are associated with the cuisine were collected. In addition, the interface factor "Geographic Region or Area" was reviewed to ensure that the culinary practices of major inhabited land masses were included in the cuisine hierarchy. Eight broad groups of cuisine origin were identified; 153 cuisines (including broader and narrower terms) are currently included in the hierarchy.
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Myers, Corinne E., Richard A. MacKenzie, and Bruce S. Lieberman. "Greenhouse biogeography: the relationship of geographic range to invasion and extinction in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway." Paleobiology 39, no. 1 (2013): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373-39.1.135.
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Significant warming of Earth's climate in the near term seems increasingly likely. If significant enough, this climatic regime could, in the long term, come to resemble previous greenhouse intervals in earth history. Consequently, analysis of the fossil record during periods of extreme warmth may provide important lessons for species biology, including biogeography, in a much warmer world. To explore this issue, we analyzed the biogeographic response of 63 molluscan species to the long-term global warmth in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (WIS) of North America, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to quantitatively measure changes in range size and distribution throughout this interval. We specifically considered the role that geographic range size played in mediating extinction resistance and invasion potential of these WIS species. We found no relationship between geographic range size and survivorship. However, endemic species with small range sizes were more likely to become invasive. Finally, mollusks did not experience a poleward shift in range out of the tropics during this warm regime. To the extent that these patterns are representative, and the WIS and taxa considered constitute a reasonable ancient analogue to a warmer future world, these results suggest that some biogeographic “rules” may not prevail under greenhouse conditions of long-term, equable warmth. They also suggest that other factors beyond geographic range size, including distinctive niche characteristics, may play quite important roles in species survival and invasion potential. This potentially complicates predictions regarding the future responses of extant species to long-term warming.
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Řezníčková, Dana. "Geographic skills, their specifications and categorization." Geografie 108, no. 2 (2003): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2003108020146.
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A large reform of educational system has been in course these last years in the Czech Republic. New pedagogical documents are being prepared to help to carry out changes in the general education in the context of the national strategy approved by the Government (White Book 2001). Pedagogical documents are formulated in a relatively general way, so that their effective usage is, among others, influenced by a uniform interpretation of key terms. They include geographic skills, the content of which is the theme of this paper. This term was defined on the basis of a comparison of different approaches. Individual geographic skills were then specified in detail and categorized in view to evaluate the performance of students within the general educational system. Two alternative proposals how to classify geographic skills were presented; they document, among others, a narrow interdependence between the way of classification and the selection of instruments to verify and to evaluate geographic skills.
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Cebula, Richard J., James E. Payne, and Ira S. Saltz. "Determinants of Geographic Voter Participation Rate Differentials: the 2014 Mid-Term Election." Atlantic Economic Journal 45, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-016-9525-3.
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Pawlik, Timothy M., Nestor F. Esnaola, and Jean-Nicolas Vauthey. "Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Similar long-term results despite geographic variations." Liver Transplantation 10, S2 (2004): S74—S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.20052.
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Новосад, E. Novosad, Христиановский, and Pavel Khristianovskiy. "GIS-based risk monitoring of zoonotic cestodiasis in human." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23071.
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Objective of research: The target of the paper is to develop a model of GIS-based risk monitoring of zoonotic cestodiasis in human.
Materials and methods: The use of geographic information systems (GIS) as an epizootiological and epidemiological method for the risk-based monitoring of human cestodiasis enables the development of a multi-level platform for solution of a wide range of tasks related to the control of this disease. The modern GIS tools use the methods of geoinformatics applying powerful software and hardware: open access geographic web servers, tools for multidimensional complex analysis, creating most accurate electronic and paper maps. Full-featured GIS contain a full set for processing geospatial data including acquisition of data, its integration and storage, automatic data processing, editing, creation and maintenance of topology, spatial analysis, access to the database management system (DBMS), visualization and creation of hard copies of any cartographic data.
Results and discussion: The use of GIS enables to study more closely the regularities of epizootic process, geography of human cestodiasis and to improve the methodology both for short-term and long-term retrospective epizootiological analyses.
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Chapman, Cynthia B. "Ecoepidemiology." Terminology 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.2.2.06cha.
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The origins, definitions, and usage of the term "ecoepidemiology" wind their way through the scientific literature of ecology and medicine. This study sought to determine if "ecoepidemiology" has been granted a common meaning in these disciplines or if the meanings have diverged or if new phrases have been proposed. "Ecoepidemiology" appears in the French literature of medicine — as the name for the geographic variable in epidemiologic studies — about ten years before it appears in English-language articles on ecology. In the English literature, a few scientists writing about ecological monitoring and assessment adopted the term because they needed a word or phrase to emphasize research methods common both to ecology and to epidemiology in human medicine. After the term "clinical ecology" was rejected in the medical literature, it was offered as an alternative to "ecoepidemiology". "Clinical ecology" can be defined as "the branch of ecology that studies the condition of ecosystems to document change in status and trends". A more logical term than "ecoepidemiology", "clinical ecology" keeps the literature about ecosystem health grouped by subject in libraries and bibliographic databases with ecology instead of improperly assigned to collections of information on human health and medicine. "Ecoepidemiology", however, seems to be more prevalent in the literature of the environmental and ecological sciences.
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White, Christine D., Rebecca Storey, Fred J. Longstaffe, and Michael W. Spence. "Immigration, Assimilation, and Status in the Ancient City of Teotihuacan: Stable Isotopic Evidence from Tlajinga 33." Latin American Antiquity 15, no. 2 (June 2004): 176–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141553.
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AbstractStable carbon isotope ratios in bone collagen and oxygen isotope ratios in bone and enamel phosphate from 25 individuals from the residential compound of Tlajinga 33 were used to examine the possibility that the inhabitants, who were craft producers, may have accepted immigrants to maintain either their ability to reproduce themselves as a social group or their level of economic productivity. Bone δ18O and δ13C values provide a long-term picture of geographic identity and diet, and enamel δ18O values provide a snapshot of geographic location during particular tooth development. A considerable proportion (29 percent) of the Tlajinga 33 inhabitants grew up elsewhere, but the majority of these immigrants had dwelt in Teotihuacan for many years before their death. Neither geographical relocation nor dietary differences are significantly associated with gender. The social position of foreigners appears to have been generally high. For example, the occupants of Tomb 50 appear to have come from elsewhere, possibly West Mexico, but foreigners were also found in lower status contexts such as middens. The stable isotope ratios reflecting long-term dwelling at Teotihuacan suggest that social status was achieved, which supports current archaeological evidence. Furthermore, the lack of dietary differences between immigrants and native Teotihuacanos may also imply political and/or ethnic assimilation.
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WU, Danxian, and Xiaolu GAO. "A geographic review of Western research on long-term care for the elderly." Progress in Geography 39, no. 1 (2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.01.013.
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Feinberg, LR, CT Shaw, and WT Peterson. "Long-term laboratory observations of Euphausia pacifica fecundity: comparison of two geographic regions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 341 (2007): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps341141.
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Sunness, Janet S., Eyal Margalit, Divya Srikumaran, Carol A. Applegate, Yan Tian, Daniel Perry, Barbara S. Hawkins, and Neil M. Bressler. "The Long-term Natural History of Geographic Atrophy from Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Ophthalmology 114, no. 2 (February 2007): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.09.016.
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Le, M., F. M. Al Ghazawi, A. Alakel, E. Rahme, M. Powell, L. Moreau, O. Roshdy, G. Popradi, D. Sasseville, and I. Litvinov. "LB1489 Long-term incidence, mortality and geographic trends of follicular lymphoma in Canada." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 138, no. 9 (September 2018): B4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.019.
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A. Jolly, Nicholas. "Geographic Mobility and the Costs of Job Loss." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 1793–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0131.
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Abstract This paper uses data from the 1968 through 1997 survey waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to analyze how the long-term costs of job loss vary by a worker’s post-displacement migration status. Results from the analysis show that those individuals who move within the first 2 years after a job loss experience lower earnings losses, lower reductions in hours worked, and smaller increases in time unemployed when compared to a group of displaced workers who are not geographically mobile during the early years following this life event. Workers who move within the first 2 years after displacement face a lower probability of homeownership when compared to their non-mobile counterparts. However, this lower probability is short-lived.
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Pesqueux, Yvon. "What is Globalization? The Paradoxes of the Economic and Political Substance of Markets." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 2, no. 1 (June 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977913480687.
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To view globalization in the context of easy or restricted access to global resources is only a very restrictive concept limiting its dimension to geographic space. The term should be assessed in its broader context to understand fully the impact on business, society and culture. This thematic article addresses various perspectives: a descriptive perspective linking globalization with trade flows; a political perspective linking globalization with the ‘crisis’ of sovereignty; a historical perspective about the ‘world-economy’, and a cultural and anthropological perspective. The article goes on to highlight and discuss six senses, each of which has its own logic: an economic sense mainly related to the consequences of multinational corporations’ activity; a geographic sense in which globalization is a geography of flows of activities and their anchorage in a country independent of its geographic space; a political sense that factors in the growing weight of ‘supranational’ organizations and the importance attached to ‘transnational’ political issues; a dogmatic sense in which globalization is a necessary doctrine; a historical sense in which globalization is the current verbalization of capitalism as a political order applicable worldwide; and an organizational sense which places at the core of organizational rationales a relational perspective. The paradoxes of the economic and political substance of the markets are underlined.
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Foster, Merrill W. "Brachiopods from the extreme South Pacific and adjacent waters." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 3 (May 1989): 268–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019442.
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Sixteen genera and 27 species of Recent brachiopods are reported from the far southern Pacific Ocean and adjacent parts of the South Atlantic and southern Indian Ocean. These specimens extend the known geographic ranges of at least 10 species and the known bathymetric ranges of at least seven species. The new material gives greater support to the idea that many Recent brachiopod species have a wide geographic range and calls into question the very limited geographic ranges of many species known only from the fossil record. Puncta density appears to be a useful character for distinguishing Neothyris compressa and N. lenticularis. At least nine different types of geographic distribution are represented among the species studied for this paper. Areas of moderate depth on seamounts, particularly along oceanic ridges and on oceanic rises, may form important geographic areas of distribution, avenues of dispersal, and barriers to brachiopods. Four examples of polytypic species are cited. The new specimens lend additional support to the notion that one polytypic species of Liothyrella extends, with clinal morphological changes, from southernmost South America to Antarctica. Students of modern brachiopods are urged to consider large-scale geographic variation within species and not to hide it with finely delimited taxa. This approach has the potential to lead, in both modern and ancient brachiopods, to a taxonomy with fewer and more meaningful species and genera. Progenetic changes seem to be a common adaptive strategy in brachiopods on largely soft substrates and in deep water. The progenesis may be short term within a single species or long term involving evolution of new species and genera.
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El-Guebaly, N., E. Kingstone, Q. Rae-Grant, and I. Fyfe. "The Geographical Distribution of Psychiatrists in Canada: Unmet Needs and Remedial Strategies." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (April 1993): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800310.
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Many efforts are underway to rationalize the process of manpower planning in psychiatry. A wide variation in the geographic distribution of psychiatrists remains. A multidimensional assessment of the needs of a population is recommended, based on the epidemiology of mental disorders, professional and institutional needs, consumer estimates, and the requirements of subgroups. Counting the number of vacant positions for psychiatrists can be misleading. Professional norms for the optimal access of a population to psychiatric services and standards for the quantity and/or quality of services provided need to be developed. Potential outcome measures are suggested, along with a three-tiered system of estimating geographic needs. Deterrent factors to an optimal geographic distribution of most professionals are reviewed, along with factors specific to our residency training programs. In the short term, the benefits and limitations of recruiting foreign-trained psychiatrists are compared with those of recruiting Canadian specialists. Complementary long term strategies include the provision of financial incentives, optimal working conditions, relevant training and maintenance of competence issues, and community support.
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Pol, Tymon, Ziad Hijazi, Johan Lindbäck, John H. Alexander, M. Cecilia Bahit, Raffaele De Caterina, JW Eikelboom, et al. "Evaluation of the prognostic value of GDF-15, ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death score in patients with atrial fibrillation across different geographical areas." Open Heart 8, no. 1 (March 2021): e001471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001471.
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ObjectivesGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker independently associated with bleeding and death in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). GDF-15 is also used as one component in the more precise biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history)-AF-bleeding and ABC-AF-death risk scores. Data from large trials indicate a geographic variability in regard to overall outcomes, including bleeding and mortality risk. Our aim was to assess the consistency of the association between GDF-15, ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death score, with major bleeding and death, across world geographic regions.MethodsData were available from 14 767 patients with AF from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial and 8651 patients with AF from the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial in this cohort study. GDF-15 was analysed from plasma samples obtained at randomisation. The geographical consistency of the associations between outcomes and GDF-15, ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death scores were assessed by Cox-regression models including interactions with predefined geographical region.ResultsGDF-15 and the ABC-AF-bleeding score were associated with major bleeding in both trials across regions (p<0.0001). Similarly, GDF-15 and the ABC-AF-death score were associated with all-cause mortality in both trials across regions (p<0.0001). Overall, the association between GDF-15, the ABC-AF-bleeding score and ABC-AF-death risk score with major bleeding and death was consistent across regions in both ARISTOTLE and the RE-LY trial cohorts. The ABC-AF-bleeding and ABC-AF-death risk scores were consistent regarding discriminative ability when comparing geographic regions in both trial cohorts. The C-indices ranged from 0.649 to 0.760 for the ABC-AF-bleeding and from 0.677 to 0.806 for the ABC-AF-death score by different geographic regions.ConclusionsIn patients with AF on anticoagulation, GDF-15 and the biomarker-based ABC-AF-bleeding and ABC-AF-death risk scores are consistently associated with respectively increased risk of major bleeding and death and have similar prognostic value across world geographic regions.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry NCT00412984 and NCT00262600.
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Lang, Stefan, Geoffrey J. Hay, Andrea Baraldi, Dirk Tiede, and Thomas Blaschke. "Geobia Achievements and Spatial Opportunities in the Era of Big Earth Observation Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8110474.
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The primary goal of collecting Earth observation (EO) imagery is to map, analyze, and contribute to an understanding of the status and dynamics of geographic phenomena. In geographic information science (GIScience), the term object-based image analysis (OBIA) was tentatively introduced in 2006. When it was re-formulated in 2008 as geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), the primary focus was on integrating multiscale EO data with GIScience and computer vision (CV) solutions to cope with the increasing spatial and temporal resolution of EO imagery. Building on recent trends in the context of big EO data analytics as well as major achievements in CV, the objective of this article is to review the role of spatial concepts in the understanding of image objects as the primary analytical units in semantic EO image analysis, and to identify opportunities where GEOBIA may support multi-source remote sensing analysis in the era of big EO data analytics. We (re-)emphasize the spatial paradigm as a key requisite for an image understanding system capable to deal with and exploit the massive data streams we are currently facing; a system which encompasses a combined physical and statistical model-based inference engine, a well-structured CV system design based on a convergence of spatial and colour evidence, semantic content-based image retrieval capacities, and the full integration of spatio-temporal aspects of the studied geographical phenomena.
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Magliano, Lorenza, Andrea Fiorillo, Corrado De Rosa, Claudio Malangone, Mario Maj, and Gruppo Di Lavoro. "Burden, attitudes and social support in the families of patients with long-term physical diseases." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 2004): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001779.
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SummaryAims – To describe in a sample of 646 relatives of patients with physical long-term illnesses: a) the relatives' burden of care; b) the relatives' attitudes towards the patients; c) the social and professional support received by the families. Methods – The study has been carried out in 30 Italian geographic areas randomly selected taking into account geographic location and population density. The sample has been consecutively recruited in 139 specialised units for the treatment of chronic heart, brain, diabetes, kidney, and lung diseases. Family burden was evaluated in relation to: a) family's socio-demographic variables and patients' clinical variables; b) relatives' attitudes toward the patient; c) social and professional support; d) geographic area and population density. Outcome measures – Family Problems Questionnaire, physical illness version (QPF-O) and Social Network Questionnaire (QRS). Results – The consequences of caregiving most frequently reported were constraints in social and recreational activities, and feelings of loss. Burden was more marked in relatives of patients with higher physical disabilities, with neurological illnesses, and in relatives with lower support by their social network. Conclusions – These data highlight the need to provide psychological and practical support to caregivers of patients with long-term physical diseases on the basis of the evaluation of their needs for care.Declaration of Interest: none of the five authors has had any interest or received any form of support, including that from drug companies and honoraria for lectures and consultancies, potentially in conflict with this scientific work, in the last 2 years.
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Sanders, Thomas L., Ayoosh Pareek, Timothy E. Hewett, Bruce A. Levy, Diane L. Dahm, Michael J. Stuart, and Aaron J. Krych. "Long-term rate of graft failure after ACL reconstruction: a geographic population cohort analysis." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 25, no. 1 (August 13, 2016): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4275-y.
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Iverson, Louis R., and Paul G. Risser. "Analgzing long-term changes in vegetation with geographic information system and remotely sensed data." Advances in Space Research 7, no. 11 (January 1987): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(87)90311-5.
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Tilquin, Anaïs, and Hanna Kokko. "What does the geography of parthenogenesis teach us about sex?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1706 (October 19, 2016): 20150538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0538.
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Theory predicts that sexual reproduction is difficult to maintain if asexuality is an option, yet sex is very common. To understand why, it is important to pay attention to repeatably occurring conditions that favour transitions to, or persistence of, asexuality. Geographic parthenogenesis is a term that has been applied to describe a large variety of patterns where sexual and related asexual forms differ in their geographic distribution. Often asexuality is stated to occur in a habitat that is, in some sense, marginal, but the interpretation differs across studies: parthenogens might not only predominate near the margin of the sexuals' distribution, but might also extend far beyond the sexual range; they may be disproportionately found in newly colonizable areas (e.g. areas previously glaciated), or in habitats where abiotic selection pressures are relatively stronger than biotic ones (e.g. cold, dry). Here, we review the various patterns proposed in the literature, the hypotheses put forward to explain them, and the assumptions they rely on. Surprisingly, few mathematical models consider geographic parthenogenesis as their focal question, but all models for the evolution of sex could be evaluated in this framework if the (often ecological) causal factors vary predictably with geography. We also recommend broadening the taxa studied beyond the traditional favourites. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
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Nolan, Laura B., Jane Waldfogel, and Christopher Wimer. "Long-Term Trends in Rural and Urban Poverty: New Insights Using a Historical Supplemental Poverty Measure." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 672, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217713174.
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Poverty has a strong relationship to geography in the United States. Previous research has found that rural areas have higher average poverty rates than urban areas, but the new supplemental poverty measure (SPM) has shown in recent years that urban areas have higher average poverty. In this article, we analyze poverty trends from 1967 to 2014 in rural and urban America, using the improved SPM metrics. We find a dramatic decline in poverty in rural areas, and also show that the geographic adjustment of the poverty threshold in the SPM (which lowers poverty thresholds in less expensive areas and raises them in more expensive areas) is an important explanatory factor. We also find that changes in the demographic and economic characteristics of rural and urban residents help to explain the decline. Last, we investigate whether migration of the poor between rural and urban areas helps to account for differential poverty trends, but we find little evidence in support of that hypothesis.
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Vukosav, Branimir. "Geografsko ime "zagora" i njegova pojavnost na područjima dalmatinskoga zaleđa u odabranom novinskom mediju." Geoadria 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.289.
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In the Croatian language, the word "zagora" or "zagorje" refers to an area "on the other side of a mountain or a hill". Throughout history, this term has been widely used to describe places physically detached from some other, economically or politically more prominent areas; and has thus been adopted as a geographic name (toponym) for places which were "in contrast" to such areas and separated from them by an element of terrain. The term zagora is therefore a geographic name which denotes an area observed from an outside point of view, and which is later on accepted by the domicile population, becoming an endonym. In the context of the Croatian national territory, the most prominent usage of this toponym has been present in specific traditional regions in northern and southern Croatia; namely, Hrvatsko zagorje in northern Croatia, and a rather undefined area in the Dalmatian hinterland in southern Croatia. The extent and the degree of identification of the areas in southern Croatia bearing that particular geographic name have not been precisely defined, although there are many obvious indications of the existence of such a region in many contemporary sources. The aim of this paper is to research the perceptual character of an area in the Dalmatian hinterland in relation to geographic names Zagora and Dalmatinska zagora by means of content analysis. The final conclusions are drawn on the basis of informal geographic data retrieval from a chosen contemporary medium source (Slobodna Dalmacija newspaper). The observed extent of perception provides provisional maps which serve as approximations of collective cognitive maps and represents a starting point for a more extensive research on vernacular aspects of the Dalmatian hinterland.
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Nataliia, Smochko, and Vasyl Papp. "INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL ON THE FORMATION OF SOCIO-GEOGRAPHIC MONOSYSTEMS." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 67 (2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2022.67.25-33.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of geographical location and natural resource potential on the formation of socio-geographical monosystems types in the Carpathian region. Method. General scientific methods, including analysis, scientific synthesis, analytical method, methods of comparison and generalization have been used. By applying the coefficient of openness of the region's economy, an assessment of the level of influence of state borders on the involvement of the Carpathian region in interregional economic ties has been made. Scientific novelty. The article analyses the geographical position of the Carpathian region from the standpoint of evaluating it as a resource capable of activating internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors and natural resource potential as determinants of the monodevelopment of socio-geographical systems in the Carpathian region. Analysis of the dynamics of the coefficient of openness of the regions' economy in the Carpathian region of Ukraine and their level of import dependence showed a significant influence of the border location on the intensity of the region's involvement in interregional cooperation, which makes it possible to solve specific economic and social issues directly for the border regions. However, despite the openness of the economies of the regions of the Carpathian region, they are quite import-dependent. It should be noted that the openness of the economies of the regions in the Carpathian region determines the exogenity of the monosystem development of socio-geographical systems at the local level. It has been proven that the transboundary position of the Carpathian region significantly affects the exogenity of local monosystems. The checkpoints available in the region are formed as monocenters of the exogenous type with a pronounced function of international cooperation. Thus, the geographical position is a determining factor in the formation of monosystems types according to the source of their development. Practical meaning. The results of this research contribute to a deeper socio-geographical understanding of the processes of monodevelopment of socio-geographical systems, their genesis, the peculiarities of their flow and provide an opportunity to model their prospective development, to achieve the expected results because of long-term transformation. They can be used for further research of monosystems of different hierarchical levels, as well as for the development of practical recommendations and programs for the development of individual monoterritories.
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Kraemer, Ross S. "On the Meaning of the Term “Jew” in Greco-Roman Inscriptions." Harvard Theological Review 82, no. 1 (January 1989): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000016011.
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The Greek terms Ἰουδαῖος/Ἰουδαία and their Latin equivalents Iudaeus/Iudaea have rarely posed serious translation problems for scholars. Whether in masculine or feminine form, singular or plural, regardless of declension, these terms have usually been taken as straightforward indicators of Jews, at least when applied to individual persons. Only recently A. T. Kraabel has suggested that these terms, uniformly translated “Jew” or “Jews,” might have other significance, in particular as indicators of geographic origin, that is, “Judaean(s).”
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Kim, Yeonwoo, and Catherine Cubbin. "Neighborhood Poverty Histories and Physical Activity Among Children: Findings From the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 8 (May 11, 2020): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117120923948.
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Purpose: Examine the association between neighborhood poverty histories and physical activity, and the moderation effect of family poverty and the mediation effect of built environments in such association. Design: A cross-sectional study of the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (2012-2013), a follow-up survey of statewide-representative Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (2003-2007). Setting: California. Participants: A total of 2493 women with children. Measures: Outcome measures are (1) daily leisure physical activity and (2) days of physical activity among children. An independent variable is poverty histories of census tract where the child resided. Mediators were mother-perceived social cohesion, mother-perceived neighborhood safety, distance to the closest park, and park acreage within 0.5 miles from the home. A moderator is family poverty. Analysis: Weighted regression analysis. Results: Family poverty was a significant moderator ( P < .05); poor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty, long-term high poverty, or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) had greater odds of daily physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 1.50, 1.66, respectively). Nonpoor children in neighborhoods with long-term moderate poverty or increasing poverty (vs long-term low poverty) were associated with decreased odds of daily physical activity (OR = 0.61 and 0.44, respectively). Mediation associations were insignificant ( P > .05). Conclusion: The combined effect of family financial strains and neighborhood economic resources might prevent poor children in neighborhoods with long-term low poverty and decreasing poverty from utilizing health-promoting resources in neighborhoods.