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Journal articles on the topic 'Geographic shift'
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Aji, Satriya Bayu, Mangatur Nababan, and Tri Wiratno. "KAJIAN TERJEMAHAN ARTIKEL FLEEING TERROR, FINDING REFUGE DAN TERJEMAHANNYA MENCARI TEMPAT BERLINDUNG DALAM HAL STRUKTUR DAN POLA PENGEMBANGAN TEMA (PENDEKATAN LINGUISTIK SISTEMIK FUNGSIONAL)." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v2i2.2408.
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<p><em>This research aims to describe: (1) the March 2015 National Geographic article Fleeing Terror, Finding Refuge and its March 2015 National Geographic Indonesia Indonesian translation Mencari Tempat Berlindung’s thematic structure and progression, (2) the translation techniques employed and its effect on the translation’s thematic structure and progression, and (3) its effect on the translation quality. This study belongs to the qualitative research at the descriptive level, employs embedded case study approach, and focuses on the translation product. The data consist of the Themes of the National Geographic Maret 2015 article Fleeing Terror, Finding Refuge and its National Geographic Indonesia Maret 2015 Indonesian translation Mencari Tempat Berlindung collected through content analysis and the result of the informant’s translation quality assessment collected through questionnaire and focus group discussion. This study revealed that the translation employs more marked Topical Theme than the source text and the percentage of the translation’s Rheme-based progressions (the simple linear and split Rheme progression) is higher than the source text’s. The thematic structure shifts—mostly a shift from the unmarked to the marked Topical Theme and vice-versa or a change in the Topical Theme constituent—can be caused by the use of these six translation techniques: transposition, modulation, reduction, amplification, established equivalent, and particularization. Of these six, particularization does not cause any Thematic progression shift. These six techniques that can cause a shift in the Thematic structure can also decrease the translation’s quality.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Thematic structure, Thematic progression, translation techniques, translation quality assessment</em></strong></p>
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Ojala, Arto, and Pasi Tyrväinen. "Market Entry and Priority of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Software Industry: An Empirical Analysis of Cultural Distance, Geographic Distance, and Market Size." Journal of International Marketing 15, no. 3 (September 2007): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.15.3.123.
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This article investigates the influence of cultural distance, geographic distance, and three market size variables in the target country preference of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the software industry. In addition, the authors examine the shift of SMEs’ priorities in country selection by analyzing how these factors affect the selection of the first, second, and third target countries. The empirical findings suggest that approximately 70% of country choices can be explained by software market size and geographic distance alone. The findings also show that SMEs’ entry priorities shift quickly from countries within a short geographic distance to countries with high purchasing power and at a greater geographic distance. The authors discuss relationships of these macrolevel factors and compare them with prior qualitative and conceptual studies in this field. They also note implications for managers.
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Feng, Chuangju, Facheng Guo, and Guizhen Gao. "Climate as a Predictive Factor for Invasion: Unravelling the Range Dynamics of Carpomya vesuviana Costa." Insects 15, no. 6 (May 21, 2024): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15060374.
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Invasive alien species (IAS) significantly affect global native biodiversity, agriculture, industry, and human health. Carpomya vesuviana Costa, 1854 (Diptera: Tephritidae), a significant global IAS, affects various date species, leading to substantial economic losses and adverse effects on human health and the environment. This study employed biomod2 ensemble models, multivariate environmental similarity surface and most dissimilar variable analyses, and ecological niche dynamics based on environmental and species data to predict the potential distribution of C. vesuviana and explore the environmental variables affecting observed patterns and impacts. Compared to native ranges, ecological niche shifts at invaded sites increased the invasion risk of C. vesuviana globally. The potential geographical distribution was primarily in Asia, Africa, and Australia, with a gradual increase in suitability with time and radiation levels. The potential geographic distribution centre of C. vesuviana is likely to shift poleward between the present and the 2090s. We also show that precipitation is a key factor influencing the likely future distribution of this species. In conclusion, climate change has facilitated the expansion of the geographic range and ecological niche of C. vesuviana, requiring effective transnational management strategies to mitigate its impacts on the natural environment and public health during the Anthropocene. This study aims to assess the potential threat of C. vesuviana to date palms globally through quantitative analytical methods. By modelling and analysing its potential geographic distribution, ecological niche, and environmental similarities, this paper predicts the pest’s dispersal potential and possible transfer trends in geographic centres of mass in order to provide prevention and control strategies for the global date palm industry.
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Prichard, Hilary. "Northern dialect evidence for the chronology of the Great Vowel Shift." Journal of Linguistic Geography 2, no. 2 (October 2014): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2014.9.
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This paper demonstrates how the tools of dialect geography may fruitfully lend a new perspective to historical data in order to address the lingering questions left by previous analyses. A geographic examination ofSurvey of English Dialectsdata provides evidence in favor of a push-chain analysis of the Great Vowel Shift, in which the Middle English high-mid long vowels raised before the high long vowels were diphthongized. It is also demonstrated that the so-called “irregular” dialect outcomes, which have previously been cited as evidence for a lack of unity of the Great Vowel Shift, are no longer problematic when viewed in the light of a theory of dialect contact, and can in fact refine our understanding of the chronology and geographic extent of the shift itself.
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Celestino, C. C., C. T. Sousa, W. Yamaguti, and H. K. Kuga. "Evaluation of Tropospheric and Ionospheric Effects on the Geographic Localization of Data Collection Platforms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2007 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/32514.
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The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) is operating the Brazilian Environmental Data Collection System that currently amounts to a user community of around 100 organizations and more than 700 data collection platforms installed in Brazil. This system uses the SCD-1, SCD-2, and CBERS-2 low Earth orbit satellites to accomplish the data collection services. The main system applications are hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, water quality, and others. One of the functionalities offered by this system is the geographic localization of the data collection platforms by using Doppler shifts and a batch estimator based on least-squares technique. There is a growing demand to improve the quality of the geographical location of data collection platforms for animal tracking. This work presents an evaluation of the ionospheric and tropospheric effects on the Brazilian Environmental Data Collection System transmitter geographic location. Some models of the ionosphere and troposphere are presented to simulate their impacts and to evaluate performance of the platform location algorithm. The results of the Doppler shift measurements, using the SCD-2 satellite and the data collection platform (DCP) located in Cuiabá town, are presented and discussed.
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Cao, Zuohao, Huaqing Cai, and Guang J. Zhang. "Geographic Shift and Environment Change of U.S. Tornado Activities in a Warming Climate." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050567.
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Even with ever-increasing societal interest in tornado activities engendering catastrophes of loss of life and property damage, the long-term change in the geographic location and environment of tornado activity centers over the last six decades (1954–2018), and its relationship with climate warming in the U.S., is still unknown or not robustly proved scientifically. Utilizing discriminant analysis, we show a statistically significant geographic shift of U.S. tornado activity center (i.e., Tornado Alley) under warming conditions, and we identify five major areas of tornado activity in the new Tornado Alley that were not identified previously. By contrasting warm versus cold years, we demonstrate that the shift of relative warm centers is coupled with the shifts in low pressure and tornado activity centers. The warm and moist air carried by low-level flow from the Gulf of Mexico combined with upward motion acts to fuel convection over the tornado activity centers. Employing composite analyses using high resolution reanalysis data, we further demonstrate that high tornado activities in the U.S. are associated with stronger cyclonic circulation and baroclinicity than low tornado activities, and the high tornado activities are coupled with stronger low-level wind shear, stronger upward motion, and higher convective available potential energy (CAPE) than low tornado activities. The composite differences between high-event and low-event years of tornado activity are identified for the first time in terms of wind shear, upward motion, CAPE, cyclonic circulation and baroclinicity, although some of these environmental variables favorable for tornado development have been discussed in previous studies.
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Dale, Katherine E., Arturo Ramírez-Valdez, John E. McCosker, and Milton S. Love. "Revising geographic distributions of eastern Pacific moray eels." Bulletin of Marine Science 97, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0060.
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Under the influence of climate stressors, species distributions of fishes in the eastern Pacific are shifting, with many species moving poleward. Moray eels (family Muraenidae) are ecologically important predators inhabiting coastal reefs. Due to their cryptic nature and lack of commercial importance, the species distributions of muraenids in the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific are poorly understood. Here, we document the geographic range size of 33 muraenid species in the eastern Pacific and also report a shift in the established population range of Muraena argus based on recent trapping efforts. We found that 17 species demonstrated shifts in geographic range size, including sampled-range expansions and new occurrences at offshore islands. Eleven species were observed in new biogeographic provinces, primarily in the northward direction to the San Diegan Province. Trapping data and local knowledge gathered from fishing cooperatives suggest that M. argus has established populations at least 300 km further north than previously reported. Both the yearly number of reported observations and geographic extent of sampling have increased over time, but the number of recorded extensions has not. These results highlight the importance of compiling data from diverse sources (including museum records, local ecological knowledge, and the non- English scientific literature) as well as the continued value of biodiversity surveys in the eastern Pacific.
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Tully, Thomas, Jean‐François Le Galliard, and Jean‐Pierre Baron. "Micro‐geographic shift between negligible and actuarial senescence in a wild snake." Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 11 (September 14, 2020): 2704–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13317.
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Lucek, Kay, and Yvonne Willi. "Drivers of linkage disequilibrium across a species’ geographic range." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): e1009477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009477.
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While linkage disequilibrium (LD) is an important parameter in genetics and evolutionary biology, the drivers of LD remain elusive. Using whole-genome sequences from across a species’ range, we assessed the impact of demographic history and mating system on LD. Both range expansion and a shift from outcrossing to selfing in North AmericanArabidopsis lyratawere associated with increased average genome-wide LD. Our results indicate that range expansion increases short-distance LD at the farthest range edges by about the same amount as a shift to selfing. However, the extent over which LD in genic regions unfolds was shorter for range expansion compared to selfing. Linkage among putatively neutral variants and between neutral and deleterious variants increased to a similar degree with range expansion, providing support that genome-wide LD was positively associated with mutational load. As a consequence, LD combined with mutational load may decelerate range expansions and set range limits. Finally, a small number of genes were identified as LD outliers, suggesting that they experience selection by either of the two demographic processes. These included genes involved in flowering and photoperiod for range expansion, and the self-incompatibility locus for mating system.
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Zheng, Xiaofeng, Pengxiang Gao, and ShuoXin Zhang. "The distribution shifts of Pinus armandii and its response to temperature and precipitation in China." PeerJ 5 (September 15, 2017): e3807. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3807.
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Background The changing climate, particularly in regard to temperature and precipitation, is already affecting tree species’ distributions. Pinus armandii, which dominates on the Yungui Plateau and in the Qinba Mountains in China, is of economic, cultural and ecological value. We wish to test the correlations between the distribution shift of P. armandii and changing climate, and figure out how it tracks future climate change. Methods We sampled the surface soil at sites throughout the distribution of P. armandii to compare the relative abundance of pollen to the current percent cover of plant species. This was used to determine possible changes in the distribution P. armandii. Given the hilly terrain, elevation was considered together with temperature and precipitation as variables correlated with distribution shifts of P. armandii. Results We show that P. armandii is undergoing change in its geographic range, including retraction, a shift to more northern areas and from the upper high part of the mountains to a lower-altitude part in hilly areas. Temperature was the strongest correlate of this distribution shift. Elevation and precipitation were also both significantly correlated with distribution change of P. armandii, but to a lesser degree than temperature. Conclusion The geographic range of P. armandii has been gradually decreasing under the influence of climate change. This provides evidence of the effect of climate change on trees at the species level and suggests that at least some species will have a limited ability to track the changing climate.
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Klopčič, Matija, Andrej Rozman, and Andrej Bončina. "Evidence of a Climate-Change-Induced Shift in European Beech Distribution: An Unequal Response in the Elevation, Temperature and Precipitation Gradients." Forests 13, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081311.
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Climate is a strong predictor of the geographic distribution of tree species, and thus climate change may trigger shifts in the distribution of a tree species and/or its demographic structure. In the study, we aim to comprehensively compare the distributions of four life stages of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) (i.e., regeneration, recruitment, young trees and mature trees) in forests in Slovenia, Central Europe, which are characterized by strong gradients of elevation (ELV), temperature (TEMP) and precipitation (PREC) to detect possible shifts in distribution and demography. Beech life stages were surveyed on 3366 plots. To depict disparities between ELV, TEMP and PREC distributions of beech life stages, we applied several non-parametric methods: basic statistical tests to study differences in medians, means, and 1st and 9th deciles; generalized additive models to study shifts in the optimum; and extreme value analysis to study shifts at the trailing and leading edges. A substantial shift in juvenile beech stages upward and toward colder sites was detected. However, the shift was not uniform along the distributions; the most significant shift was detected at the leading edge of ELV (+73 m) and TEMP (−2.6 °C), but surprisingly there was no beech movement identified at the trailing edge. The observed shift may be a result of the interplay between climate change, high spatial variability in microclimate, unexceptional droughts in the recent past, changes in forest use and possible limitations in the migration ability of beech and its adaptation capacity.
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Gordó-Vilaseca, Cesc, Laurene Pecuchet, Marta Coll, Henning Reiss, Alexander Jüterbock, and Mark John Costello. "Over 20% of marine fishes shifting in the North and Barents Seas, but not in the Norwegian Sea." PeerJ 11 (August 31, 2023): e15801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15801.
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Climate warming generally induces poleward range expansions and equatorward range contractions of species’ environmental niches on a global scale. Here, we examined the direction and magnitude of species biomass centroid geographic shifts in relation to temperature and depth for 83 fish species in 9,522 standardised research trawls from the North Sea (1998–2020) to the Norwegian (2000–2020) and Barents Sea (2004–2020). We detected an overall significant northward shift of the marine fish community biomass in the North Sea, and individual species northward shifts in the Barents and North Seas, in 20% and 25% of the species’ biomass centroids in each respective region. We did not detect overall community shifts in the Norwegian Sea, where two species (8%) shifted in each direction (northwards and southwards). Among 9 biological traits, species biogeographic assignation, preferred temperature, age at maturity and maximum depth were significant explanatory variables for species latitudinal shifts in some of the study areas, and Arctic species shifted significantly faster than boreal species in the Barents Sea. Overall, our results suggest a strong influence of other factors, such as biological interactions, in determining several species’ recent geographic shifts.
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Koch, Paul L. "Clinal geographic variation in mammals: implications for the study of chronoclines." Paleobiology 12, no. 3 (1986): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300013774.
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Mammalian species often exhibit clinal geographic variation in body size: individuals tend to be larger in areas with lower mean annual temperature. Climatic change involving increasing or decreasing mean annual temperature may cause clines to shift geographically, resulting in a phenotypic shift at all affected locales within a species' range. I assess the potential of shifting geographic clines to produce morphological trends in the fossil record. Five extant North American mammalian species (Didelphis virginiana, Mephitis mephitis, Odocoileus virginianus, Scalopus aquaticus, and Sciurus carolinensis) are examined to quantify size change along latitudinal clines and to estimate the geographic range and temperature difference commonly associated with a given difference in body size. Relative to body size, the observed size range of skeletal characters within each of these five species is comparable to that seen in a much larger sample of North American mammals. Thus patterns of variation documented for the five species may be used to assess the likelihood of dine translocation as an explanation of size change in the mammalian fossil record. As a case study, I examine three lineages from the Early Eocene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. I determine that size change in these chronoclines represents evolutionary change and is not merely the result of shifting geographic clines.
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Chen, Yingjue, Yingnan Gu, Panfeng Li, and Feng Lin. "Minimizing the number of wireless charging PAD for unmanned aerial vehicle–based wireless rechargeable sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, no. 12 (December 2021): 155014772110559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211055958.
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In wireless rechargeable sensor networks, most researchers address energy scarcity by introducing one or multiple ground mobile vehicles to recharge energy-hungry sensor nodes. The charging efficiency is limited by the moving speed of ground chargers and rough environments, especially in large-scale or challenging scenarios. To address the limitations, researchers consider replacing ground mobile chargers with lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles to support large-scale scenarios because of the unmanned aerial vehicle moving at a higher speed without geographical limitation. Moreover, multiple automatic landing wireless charging PADs are deployed to recharge unmanned aerial vehicles automatically. In this work, we investigate the problem of introducing the minimal number of PADs in unmanned aerial vehicle–based wireless rechargeable sensor networks. We propose a novel PAD deployment scheme named clustering-with-double-constraints and disks-shift-combining that can adapt to arbitrary locations of the base station, arbitrary geographic distributions of sensor nodes, and arbitrary sizes of network areas. In the proposed scheme, we first obtain an initial PAD deployment solution by clustering nodes in geographic locations. Then, we propose a center shift combining algorithm to optimize this solution by shifting the location of PADs and attempting to merge the adjacent PADs. The simulation results show that compared to existing algorithms, our scheme can charge the network with fewer PADs.
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Adão, Rodrigo, Michal Kolesár, and Eduardo Morales. "Shift-Share Designs: Theory and Inference*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, no. 4 (August 20, 2019): 1949–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz025.
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Abstract We study inference in shift-share regression designs, such as when a regional outcome is regressed on a weighted average of sectoral shocks, using regional sector shares as weights. We conduct a placebo exercise in which we estimate the effect of a shift-share regressor constructed with randomly generated sectoral shocks on actual labor market outcomes across U.S. commuting zones. Tests based on commonly used standard errors with 5% nominal significance level reject the null of no effect in up to 55% of the placebo samples. We use a stylized economic model to show that this overrejection problem arises because regression residuals are correlated across regions with similar sectoral shares, independent of their geographic location. We derive novel inference methods that are valid under arbitrary cross-regional correlation in the regression residuals. We show using popular applications of shift-share designs that our methods may lead to substantially wider confidence intervals in practice.
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Lin, Ya, Quanwu Zhao, Peisen Liu, and Qinhong Zhang. "Do Transportation Infrastructure Investments Reduce Inventory Levels in the Manufacturing Sector in China?" International Regional Science Review 43, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 397–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619849632.
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Based on provincial panel data observed over the 2005–2014 period, we analyze the impacts of transportation infrastructure investments on inventory levels in China’s manufacturing sector. Our results indicate that transportation infrastructure investments do not reduce inventory levels in the manufacturing sector in China. This conclusion is different from the results in the previous literature, which demonstrate positive effects of transportation investments on reducing inventory levels. The difference can be partly explained by the ongoing inland shift of industry and geographic market expansion in China, which lead to longer transportation distances and longer lead times from suppliers to customers. We also find that road investments have spatial spillover effects overall, and the impacts of different types of road investments differ significantly from each other. Railway investments, however, do not have spatial spillover effects. Finally, we present several policy implications of transportation infrastructure investments, inland shifts of industry, and geographic market expansion.
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Lewis, Robert A. "III. “Geographic Perspectives on Soviet Central Asia”*." Nationalities Papers 21, no. 2 (1993): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999308408283.
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A dramatic population increase coupled with a reduction in per capita investment is producing a “demographic cauldron” in Soviet Central Asia. This was the focus of Professor Lewis's December 7 lecture. In his presentation, Professor Lewis outlined the political, economic and social conditions that frame a grim picture for Central Asia. The region is plagued by an unfavorable convergence of factors: a rapidly growing rural population, especially the indigenous population which is concentrated in rural areas, labor surpluses, relatively little rural or northward out-migration, deteriorating economic conditions especially in rural areas and environmental degradation, along with significant social development and, thus, rising expectations and national awareness. At current growth rates, the indigenous, the rural, the total, and the rural working-age populations will double about every generation or less. Besides, there has been little effort on the part of the central government to shift investment and resource allocation priorities to accommodate the demographic changes.
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Ochola, Dennis, Bastiaen Boekelo, Gerrie W. J. van de Ven, Godfrey Taulya, Jerome Kubiriba, Piet J. A. van Asten, and Ken E. Giller. "Mapping spatial distribution and geographic shifts of East African highland banana (Musa spp.) in Uganda." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): e0263439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263439.
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East African highland banana (Musa acuminata genome group AAA-EA; hereafter referred to as banana) is critical for Uganda’s food supply, hence our aim to map current distribution and to understand changes in banana production areas over the past five decades. We collected banana presence/absence data through an online survey based on high-resolution satellite images and coupled this data with independent covariates as inputs for ensemble machine learning prediction of current banana distribution. We assessed geographic shifts of production areas using spatially explicit differences between the 1958 and 2016 banana distribution maps. The biophysical factors associated with banana spatial distribution and geographic shift were determined using a logistic regression model and classification and regression tree, respectively. Ensemble models were superior (AUC = 0.895; 0.907) compared to their constituent algorithms trained with 12 and 17 covariates, respectively: random forests (AUC = 0.883; 0.901), gradient boosting machines (AUC = 0.878; 0.903), and neural networks (AUC = 0.870; 0.890). The logistic regression model (AUC = 0.879) performance was similar to that for the ensemble model and its constituent algorithms. In 2016, banana cultivation was concentrated in the western (44%) and central (36%) regions, while only a small proportion was in the eastern (18%) and northern (2%) regions. About 60% of increased cultivation since 1958 was in the western region; 50% of decreased cultivation in the eastern region; and 44% of continued cultivation in the central region. Soil organic carbon, soil pH, annual precipitation, slope gradient, bulk density and blue reflectance were associated with increased banana cultivation while precipitation seasonality and mean annual temperature were associated with decreased banana cultivation over the past 50 years. The maps of spatial distribution and geographic shift of banana can support targeting of context-specific intensification options and policy advocacy to avert agriculture driven environmental degradation.
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Arwan, Arwan, Rasyika Nurul Fadjriah, Sadli Syam, and Ahmad Yani. "Mapping of Important HIV/AIDS Hotspots in Palu City Following Natural Disaster." Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 17, no. 3 (November 5, 2023): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33860/jik.v17i3.2901.
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This study aims to obtain a map of the distribution of HIV and AIDS Key Population Hotspots based on the criteria for MSM, Waria and FSW after the natural disaster in 2018. The remapping method uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The data processing technique uses the waterfall model scheme, namely, completing the application in a structured or sequential manner, where a stage must be completed first before going to the next stage. No Ethical consideration is needed. The shift in key population hotspot data from 2017and to 2022 data and then Natural Disasters (Earthquake, Liquefaction and Tsunami) in 2018 had an impact on geographical location shifts with conditions in 2017, 4 Districts became key population hotspot locations with 29 hotspots while in 2022 14 key population hotspots were found consisting of 5 sub-districts, so there was an additional 1 sub-district which became a geographically shifting hotspot. Features of activity hubs centered on major population centers, such as hotels, boarding houses, salons, cafés, clubs, city parks, and malls in 2017; in 2022, other amenities like laundry will be included. Male Fellow (MSM), Female Sex Workers (FSW), and Transgender are the features of the major population hotspots since 2017, however in 2022 Natural Disasters (Earthquake, Liquefaction, and Tsunami) in 2018 did not suffer a shift.
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Alkishe, Abdelghafar, Ram K. Raghavan, and Andrew T. Peterson. "Likely Geographic Distributional Shifts among Medically Important Tick Species and Tick-Associated Diseases under Climate Change in North America: A Review." Insects 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030225.
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Ticks rank high among arthropod vectors in terms of numbers of infectious agents that they transmit to humans, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado tick fever, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Increasing temperature is suspected to affect tick biting rates and pathogen developmental rates, thereby potentially increasing risk for disease incidence. Tick distributions respond to climate change, but how their geographic ranges will shift in future decades and how those shifts may translate into changes in disease incidence remain unclear. In this study, we have assembled correlative ecological niche models for eight tick species of medical or veterinary importance in North America (Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus, I. cookei, Dermacentor variabilis, D. andersoni, Amblyomma americanum, A. maculatum, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus), assessing the distributional potential of each under both present and future climatic conditions. Our goal was to assess whether and how species’ distributions will likely shift in coming decades in response to climate change. We interpret these patterns in terms of likely implications for tick-associated diseases in North America.
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Twaróg, Sebastian, and Anna Ojrzyńska. "Usability of Spatial Analysis for Improving the Functioning of the Blood Donation System in Poland." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 3, no. 335 (May 16, 2018): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.335.01.
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The paper aims at understanding how blood resources are formed at the entrance to the blood donation in the spatial and age section and formulating on the basis of this assessment recommendations that help improve the health safety of the State in the area of self‑sufficiency of blood supplies. The success of the functioning of blood donation primarily depends on the resource management of blood and its components that seeks to equate supply and demand for blood and its components at any time. Such a situation is possible when a sufficient number of blood donors are available. The research employed a shift‑share analysis that is used to study structural changes in economic and social phenomena that may occur in a geographical area within a specified period of time. To account for the fact that each province does not exist as a separate geographic area but depends on its spatial interactions with neighbouring areas, the study also used a spatial shift‑share analysis. The results will be used to assess the dynamics of changes in the number of blood donors, resulting from the age structure of blood donors in a particular province (a structural effect) and from changes in the internal situation of the competitiveness of a given area (a geographic effect). Knowledge concerning the nature of these changes can be helpful in developing specific tools that would encourage donors (including the potential ones) to donate blood.
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Barnes, DKA, HJ Griffiths, and S. Kaiser. "Geographic range shift responses to climate change by Antarctic benthos: where we should look." Marine Ecology Progress Series 393 (October 30, 2009): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08246.
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Koo, Sang. "A Study on Comparison of Automobile Design Change and Geographic Shift of Automotive Industry." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2018.26.4.504.
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Subedi, A., P. Poudel, and T. D. Acharya. "TEMPORAL SHIFT OF BAGMATI RIVER OVER 25 YEARS USING LANDSAT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-137-2019.
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Abstract. Bagmati River has been a terrific boon in different aspects like natural, cultural, ecological, etc. However, the river has been in a critical situation with the shift in its quality and quantity during these years. Since the changes are slow-growing, actual shifts are barely noticed. While the in-situ analysis and experimentation become costly, the analysis of Landsat images acquired with the application of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) provides an inexpensive technique in estimating and mapping such temporal shift in the river. Concerning the case, this study modelled the temporal changes of the Bagmati River within 25 years (1991–2016) using the multi-temporal Landsat images. We adopted the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI for the unsupervised extraction of the water feature and monitoring the changes. A model was developed in Arc-GIS by discerning the river, and the difference was determined for 25 years. The result indicated a major temporal shift in the river channel with a decreasing trend from 1991 to 2016. Over 25 years, the river loss almost one-third of its original water-flow channel with a severe sweep in the south-western portion of the study area. With this precise information, a field-based study can be undertaken either to analyse the damage caused by the river in those particular portions or to assess the factors affecting the river shift. Hence, we strongly recommend employing the cost-effective methods, RS and GIS, for detecting, analysing and monitoring the shifts and changes in the rivers and lakes over a while.
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Rakhaev, B. M., M. N. Eneeva, and F. M. Alibius. "Where is the economic center of Russia and what was its change in 2005-2015?" Известия Русского географического общества 151, no. 5 (November 5, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-6071151567-78.
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To characterize the shifts in the spatial organization of a countrys economy, it is helpful to use observation of changes in the geographic center of the economy. In the article, using the centrographic method, the coordinates of the economic center of Russia were calculated. The assessment of its dynamic over the period from 2005 to 2015 has been carried out. The gradient of movement of the economic center of Russia has been defined. The connection of the economic center and other centers of the country has been studied. The quantification of shifts has been examined and their interpretation has been proposed. Assumptions about the influence of the shift (the northeast and southwest) of the economic center of Russia on the dynamics of GDP have been made.
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Mohommad, Shahid, and Shambhu Prasad Joshi. "ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST ECOSYSTEMS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i8.2015.2959.
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Climate change is an inevitable process impacting the forest ecosystem. Various impacts like treeline shift, forest fires, and Species distribution are due to the effect of climate change. Green House Gases concentration in the atmosphere is increasing day by day due to anthropogenic activities. The pace of climate change is very alarming which will have the substantial impact on the forest ecosystem. Role of remote sensing and geographic information system in observing the forest ecosystem was reviewed. Spatio-temporal analysis of change in forest structure can be proficiently done with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system. Climate Change Mitigation programmes like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD-plus) can be implemented with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system. Baseline data generation using remote sensing and geographic information system can be useful in designing the policies for forest management and monitoring.
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McCrossan, Michael. "SHIFTING JUDICIAL CONCEPTIONS OF 'RECONCILIATION': GEOGRAPHIC COMMITMENTS UNDERPINNING ABORIGINAL RIGHTS DECISIONS." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 31, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v31i2.4418.
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Over the course of the past twenty years, the Supreme Court of Canada’s discourse concerning ‘reconciliation’ has shifted from moderating federal power to reconciling the preceding presence of Aboriginal people with an established sovereign (Crown) presence. While scholars postulated that the Court was attempting to maintain colonial relations of power, substantive answers for this discursive shift are lacking within the literature. This paper provides a comprehensive explanation of this shift by comparing the hearing transcripts in the ‘Aboriginal rights trilogy’ to their corresponding written decisions. It argues that particular judicial and geographic commitments underlie the concept of ‘reconciliation’ and ultimately serve to represent Aboriginal identity as inescapably ‘Canadian.’ Au cours des vingt dernières années, le discours de la Cour suprême du Canada concernant la « réconciliation » est passé de l’atténuation du pouvoir fédéral à la conciliation entre la présence antérieure des Autochtones et une présence souveraine (de la Couronne) établie. Bien que les universitaires aient affirmé que la Cour tentait de maintenir des relations de pouvoir coloniales, l’évolution du discours n’est pas expliquée de façon concrète dans la littérature. Le présent article explique cette évolution de façon détaillée en comparant les transcriptions d’audience dans la « trilogie sur les droits ancestraux » à leurs décisions écrites correspondantes. Il fait valoir que des engagements judiciaires et géographiques particuliers sous-tendent le concept de la « réconciliation » et servent en définitive à représenter l’identité autochtone comme étant inévitablement « canadienne ».
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Maulana, Muhammad Ilham, and Muhammad Iqbal Maulana. "Analysis of Agricultural Economic Development in East Java Province." Jurnal Bina Praja 15, no. 3 (December 2023): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.593-604.
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This study aims to analyze the development of the agricultural economy in each regency/city in East Java Province using the Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share (SS), Klassen Typology, and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. In the context of agricultural economic growth in East Java Province, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the contribution and development of the agricultural financial sector at the regency/city level. The LQ method was used to identify the economic, agricultural industry, and the primary economy in each regency/city. In contrast, the SS method analyzes shifts in agricultural economic growth between districts/cities. In addition, Klassen typology provides an overview of the economic quadrant groupings. Finally, GIS is used to visualize spatial analysis results, which helps identify the geographic patterns and distribution of agricultural economic development in Indonesia. This research is expected to provide valuable insights for stakeholders, including government and industry players, in planning more effective agricultural and economic development policies in each region/city. The results of this study can also be a reference for further research in East Java Province.
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Kim, Jae Hong, John R. Hipp, Victoria Basolo, and Harya S. Dillon. "Land Use Change Dynamics in Southern California: Does Geographic Elasticity Matter?" Journal of Planning Education and Research 38, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x16688252.
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This article examines how municipal planning contexts can shape urban land use dynamics by investigating the parcel-level land use changes in a five-county Southern California metropolitan area between 1990 and 2005. An analysis, based on a multinomial logit model, shows that land use change patterns significantly vary by municipalities that were situated in heterogeneous planning contexts. More specifically, cities with limited ability to expand their jurisdictional boundaries are found to provide more recreational areas and urban open spaces, while restricting nonconventional land uses. However, no evidence of a shift from single-family to multifamily residential development is detected for such cities.
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Teixeira, Karina De Oliveira, Thiago Cesar Lima Silveira, and Birgit Harter-Marques. "Different Responses in Geographic Range Shifts and Increase of Niche Overlap in Future Climate Scenario of the Subspecies of Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier." Sociobiology 65, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i4.3375.
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Climate change is suggested to be one of the possible drivers of decline in pollinators. In this paper, we applied an ecological niche model to modeling distributional responses in face of climate changes for the subspecies of Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier. This species is divided into two subspecies based on difference in the yellow tergal stripes, which are continuous in M. q. quadrifasciata and interrupted in M. q. anthidioides. The geographic distribution of each subspecies is also distinct. M. q. quadrifasciata is found in colder regions in the Southern states of Brazil, whereas M. q. anthidioides is found in habitats with higher temperatures, suggesting that ecological features, such as adaption to distinct climatic conditions may take place. Thus, the possibility of having diff erent responses in geographic range shifts to future climate scenario would be expected. This study aimed to investigate the eff ects of climate changes on the distribution of the two M. quadrifasciata subspecies in Brazil, using an ecological niche model by the MaxEnt algorithm. Our results indicate that the subspecies showed clear diff erences in geographic shift patterns and increased climate niche overlap in the future scenarios. M. q. anthidioides will have the potential for an increase of suitable climatic conditinos in the Atlantic Forest, and towards the Pampa biome, while M. q. quadrifasciata will suffer a reduction of adequate habitats in almost all of its current geographic distribution. Given the potential adverse eff ects of climate changes for this subspecies, conservation actions are urgently needed to avoid that it goes extinct.
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Leszczynski, Agnieszka. "Situating the geoweb in political economy." Progress in Human Geography 36, no. 1 (June 13, 2011): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132511411231.
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The geoweb represents a profound shift within regimes of the production, dissemination, and institutionalization of geographic information. Going beyond early geographic accounts of the geoweb that engage it as an extension of Web 2.0, this paper situates the emergence of the geoweb within the neoliberal political economic restructuring of the state. Drawing upon evidence of state, market, and citizen practices around Web-based spatial media and geoinformation, I argue that as the state is ‘rolling back’ from public aspects of the cartographic project, market regimes of governance are simultaneously ‘rolling out’, subsuming the mapping enterprise to the imperatives of technoscientific capitalism.
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Sofaer, Helen R., Susan K. Skagen, Joseph J. Barsugli, Benjamin S. Rashford, Gordon C. Reese, Jennifer A. Hoeting, Andrew W. Wood, and Barry R. Noon. "Projected wetland densities under climate change: habitat loss but little geographic shift in conservation strategy." Ecological Applications 26, no. 6 (September 2016): 1677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-0750.1.
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Vadeboncoeur, Joshua D. "“(De)constructing NASCAR Space”: A Black Placemaking Analysis of Fan Agency, Mobility, and Resistance." Societies 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc13020023.
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This article examines how blackness is not only situated within sporting spaces, but also, and more narrowly, experienced within a historically and predominantly White sporting space—that of NASCAR. To explore and define Black individuals’ racialized experiences and movements as NASCAR fans from their perspective, this article uses a qualitative approach as grounded in narrative inquiry. Findings suggest that Black fans shift the otherwise oppressive geographies of NASCAR into sites of belongingness, celebration, and enjoyment, which advances the theoretical understanding of how “White spaces” can be contested through processes of racialized resistance. Thus, through the process of Black placemaking, Black fans construct and employ practices to transform their geographic “immobility” (both discursive and physical) into a reality that subverts racism and White supremacy more broadly.
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Aubrecht, Katie, and Nancy La Monica. "Complexities of Survival and Resilience." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v8i4.519.
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By mapping tacit and contested assumptions about adversity, works in this issue shift understandings of survival and resilience from individual assets to spaces of solidarity, collective action, culture-building and community identity. Spanning diverse institutional, geographic, community and subjective sites, authors chart new terrains for knowing, representing and experiencing survivals, ruptures and resiliencies.
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Wright, Alice P. "History, Monumentality, and Interaction in the Appalachian Summit Middle Woodland." American Antiquity 79, no. 2 (April 2014): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.2.277.
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AbstractThe Middle Woodland period in eastern North America witnessed a florescence of monumental architecture and material exchange linked to widespread networks of ritual interaction. Although these networks encompassed large geographic areas and persisted for several centuries, extant archaeological models have tended to characterize Middle Woodland interaction as an historically unitary process. Using new data from the Garden Creek site in North Carolina, I argue that these frameworks obscure important historical shifts in Middle Woodland interaction. Recent collections-based research, geophysical survey, targeted excavation, and14C dating (including Bayesian modeling) of this site reveal two coeval diachronic changes: a shift from geometric earthwork construction to platform mound construction; and a shift from the production of special artifacts {mica, crystal quartz) to the consumption of exotic artifacts in association with platform mound ceremonialism. These data hint at important changes in interregional relationships between the Appalachian Summit, the Hopewellian Midwest, and the greater Southeast during the Middle Woodland period, and provide a springboard for considering how processes of culture contact contributed to precolumbian cultural change.
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Davis, Jon S., Gary Hecht, and Jon D. Perkins. "Social Behaviors, Enforcement, and Tax Compliance Dynamics." Accounting Review 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.1.39.
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We analyze the effect of social norms and enforcement on the dynamics of taxpayer compliance. Specifically, we develop two models to evaluate the movement between classes of compliant and noncompliant taxpayers. Our analysis suggests that the effect on compliance of changing enforcement levels depends on whether the taxpayer population is initially compliant or noncompliant. Compliant populations are insensitive to changes in enforcement policies until enforcement becomes sufficiently lax, when we observe a sudden shift to high levels of noncompliance in equilibrium. In contrast, relatively noncompliant populations respond to increased enforcement by gradually increasing compliance. Then, when enforcement becomes sufficiently harsh, we find a sudden shift in equilibrium to very high levels of compliance. After the taxpayer population shifts from compliance to noncompliance, or vice versa, our models predict that returning to the previous enforcement policy will not cause the population to return to its previous state. On the whole, our models' results help explain why taxpayer compliance varies across time and across geographic regions, even under similar enforcement regimes.
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Rapoza, Amanda, Meghan Shumway, Gary Baker, and Peter Wilke. "A closer look at rail methodology in the BTS National Transportation Noise Map." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3069.
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In 2017, the Bureau of Transportation Statistics released the inaugural national, multi-modal transportation noise map prototype. The noise modeling and mapping effort was envisioned as a way to facilitate the geographic tracking of national trends and provide insight into transportation noise-related questions as changes occur over time - changes between modes, types of vehicles within modes and the geographic shifts of populations. How do changes in aircraft technology change the transportation noise landscape? Does increased high speed rail availability affect highway-related noise? How does a population shift away from urban centers affect the soundscape? The inaugural model included aviation and highway sources. The first update, released in November 2020, includes passenger rail-related noise in addition to aviation and highway sources. Operations in this new mode include commuter rail mainline, high-speed electric, light rail, heavy rail and streetcars, along with commuter rail horns at highway-rail grade crossings. The data for this noise map were modeled based on USDOT methods, with adjustments and simplifications to model on a national scale. This paper focuses on the modeling methods and geospatial approach used to develop the passenger rail noise data layer.
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Ayeni, Bola. "Geospatial Information Science as a Paradigm Shift." Journal of Geospatial Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/jgst/v1i1.8.
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This paper demonstrates that the advent of GIS has led to situations in the processes of scientific investigation that are indicative of a paradigm shift in both research focus and efforts in the environmental and social sciences, delivery of health facilities and services, and in numerous areas of urban and regional planning. It is argued that the deep involvement of Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIS&T) in various national development activities has also led to a greater understanding of socio-political systems. It is demonstrated that GIS&T possesses the potentials to change how we abstract the world, how we reason about the world, and also how we organize and communicate with one another, thus opening new research frontiers. Furthermore, it is argued that as it is already changing the way people work in advanced countries, it could also change the way we work and interact in Nigeria. While recognizing the yawning gaps in the current level of awareness and usage of GIScience and Technologies in the Nigerian development process, some modest efforts of research addressing the needs of the technology were discussed. Of course, GIS offers geography as a science to develop a new microscope with which to view the world and possibly revive its glory as of the king or queen of the sciences. Ce papier demontre que l'avenement du Systeme d'Information Geographique (SIG) a conduit a des situations clans Jes processus d'investigation scientifique, qui soot indicatives d'un changement de paradigme tant dans Jes objectifs que Jes efforts dans Jes sciences environnementales et sociales, la fourniture des installations et des services de sante et dans beaucoup d'autres domaines d'amenagement urbain et regional. II est discute que !'implication profonde de la Science et de la Technologie de !'Information Geographique (GIS*T) dans Jes diverses activites de developpement national a aussi mene a une comprehension plus grande des systemes sociopolitiques. II est demontre que GIS*T possede des potentiels pour changer notre maniere d'entrevoir le monde, notre maniere de raisonner au sujet du monde et notre maniere d'organiser et de communiquer entre nous, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles frontieres de recherche. En outre, ii est discute que comme ii est entrain de changer deja Ja fayOO dont Jes gens travaillent dans Jes pays avances, ii pourrait aussi changer la fayon dont nous travaillons et interagissons au Nigeria. En reconnaissant Jes ecarts baillants clans le niveau actuel de conscience et !'utilisation des Sciences et Technologies de !'Information Geographique dans le processus de developpement du Nigeria, quelques efforts modestes de la recherche abordant Jes besoins de la technologie ont ete discutes. Bien sur, Jes SIG presentent la geographie comme une science pour developper un nouveau macroscope avec lequel voir le monde et si possible ranimer sa gloire comme le roi ou la reine des sciences.
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Evans, Piers, and Carissa D. Brown. "The boreal–temperate forest ecotone response to climate change." Environmental Reviews 25, no. 4 (December 2017): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0009.
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A warming global climate will elicit changes in the distribution of plant species around the planet, and this will become most apparent where biomes converge. Climate exerts the strongest control over the geographic location of ecotones at the continental scale and many, including the boreal forest – temperate forest ecotone (BTE), are expected to shift to higher latitudes under climate change. Fine-scale drivers that define biome boundaries at the sub-continental scale are less well understood for many ecotones. We assembled studies addressing whether a modern distributional shift is occurring at the BTE and what biotic and abiotic factors are driving such a shift. Current research suggests a northward shift is occurring; yet, scant data are available to identify the processes involved. Abiotic and biotic factors are repeatedly identified as key drivers of change, though not all claims are evidence-supported and the interacting effects of these non-climatic factors are poorly understood.
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Bassett, Lawrence, and Gregory Pandelis. "Updated geographic distributions for Texas reptiles." Reptiles & Amphibians 31, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): e21492. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v31i1.21492.
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As is the case for many taxa in the Anthropocene, reptile conservation is challenged by an assortment of human-mediated factors. Distributional data for reptile species can be highly useful for informing conservation action. For example, species occurrence data can be used to model suitable habitat as well as quantify contraction, expansion, or shift in the distribution of a species. Texas, USA has a rich reptile fauna including one crocodilian, 32 testudine, 55 lacertilian, and 82 serpent species. However, literature pertaining to the distribution of these species has not been synthesized for over a decade. The goals of our study were to visually summarize all published distributional data for reptile species in the state with updated distribution maps; to tabulate all novel and historic distribution data that is absent from the last statewide synthesis; and to characterize any taxonomic, geographic, or temporal trends of distribution record reporting that have occurred in the state over the last decade. We discovered a total of 659 records that supplement the maps provided in the last statewide synthesis, 40% of which were found in published materials that predate that synthesis. Regarding distributional records published over the last decade, there was no apparent temporal trend – record reporting across years appeared to be stochastic. The number of records published for reptile families generally followed patterns of species richness, although several families had fewer or more records than would be expected. These results might be due to several factors including species biology, variable rates of potential range spread or contraction, and variable research attention (historically and contemporarily). Spatially, we found hot spots of record reporting in the southern, western, and northern portions of the state. We suspect these represent either a contemporary geographic bias of research attention, historically poor range characterization for reptile species occupying these regions, or a combination of both. We also found cold spots of record reporting in the northwestern portion of the Panhandle. These are likely due to natural patterns of reptile diversity as well as geographically biased research attention. Future work to be conducted on reptile distributions in Texas should include a thorough synthesis and revisiting of the voucher specimen data associated with these records.
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Kravchenko, K. A., A. S. Vlaschenko, L. S. Lehnert, A. Courtiol, and C. C. Voigt. "Generational shift in the migratory common noctule bat: first-year males lead the way to hibernacula at higher latitudes." Biology Letters 16, no. 9 (September 2020): 20200351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0351.
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Many migratory species have shifted their geographic distribution in response to climate change, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, particularly for mammals. We hypothesized that generational shifts are underlying the observed colonization of hibernation sites further north in a migratory bat, the common noctule ( Nyctalus noctula) . To evaluate our hypothesis, we collected long-term data on the migratory status and demography of common noctules in a recently colonized hibernation area. Based on isotopic data of 413 individuals, we observed a significant decline in the proportion of long-distance migrants from 2004 to 2015 for both sexes and across all age groups. Demographic data collected between 2007 and 2016 from 3394 individuals demonstrated that subadult males were more abundant during the early colonization stage, followed by a gradual shift to a more balanced age and sex composition. Our results suggest that the colonization of hibernacula at higher latitudes is promoted by generational shifts, involving mostly first-year males. Generational shifts seem to be a likely mechanism for distribution changes in other bats and potentially also in other mammals.
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Alizai, Kinza. "A Case Study of Punjabi Language Diglossia and Language Shift in Baluchistan Province." Pedagogika Społeczna Nova 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/psn.2021.2.10.
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Language shift is a social phenomenon where one language substitutes another. In the social phe- nomenon of language attrition strong reasons are needed to enable the action such as environmental, social, political, economical and geographical changes. Proposed study detects Language Shift of Pun- jabi speech community which is the permanent settler of the Baluchistan province. Punjabi speakers, also being to a minority ethnic community are disinclined to articulate/accept their linguistic, ethnic and geographic identity. By this vein, the study aims to explore the social as well as political factors that are the pavestones for this linguistic and ethnic shift of Punjabi speakers. The study is qualitative in nature as the data was collected via semi-structured interview. The data is collected form 25 interviewees by executing the purposeful sampling means. The recorded interviews were transcribed and assigned codes by applying the technique of thematic analysis. The results have shown that the local communi- ties, other than Punjabi (e.g., Pushto, Balochi and Brahui) have negative attitudes for Punjabi language due to various historical, political events such as Army operations and state prejudice in which Punjab and federal government played key role. As a result, Punjabi language suffered the badly and expe- rienced a drastic linguistic drop. Regardless of age, whole speech community is weighed down with a causal danger and threat of being labeled and stigmatized in general arena. Social bigotry and intol- erance of Baluchistan’s local speech communities towards the Punjabi speech community resulted in language shift/attrition or less fluent speakers of Punjabi language.
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Zhang, Zuo, and Zhe Wang. "Cyberspace-based urban networks: Visualising and exploring China's intercity interaction from a new perspective." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 54, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x221076498.
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The rapid urbanisation of China has increased public awareness of rising housing prices, particularly in large and medium-sized cities. The popularisation of the Internet in China has driven a shift in the public's attention to housing prices, moving from geographic space to cyberspace. Based on web search engine data using geotag, this paper attempts to create a better visualisation of the shift in the public's attention to housing prices from the perspectives of geographic space and cyberspace. Intercity interaction is also analysed in the context of cyberspace-based urban networks, through hybrid featured graphics. Specifically, data regarding public attention to housing prices are gathered (via queries data through Baidu Index) in 363 Chinese cities. The data are divided into a local city housing price attention index and an offsite city housing price attention index. Second, public attention flows are presented using origin-destination flows maps, chord diagrams and violin diagrams. These hybrid feature graphics show the interrelationship between cities and the complexity of public attention flows. This information will help us to reveal intercity interaction and the cyberspace-based urban network structure in China.
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Antczak, Elżbieta, and Karolina Lewandowska-Gwarda. "Analysis of Emigration in Europe Using the Spatial Dynamic Shift-Share Method." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2015-0032.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to examine the pace of change in emigration levels in 24 selected European countries from 1999 to 2012, by age, country and the reference area. The spatial dynamic shift-share method is used in this research. The study analyses each country’s share and identifies structural as well as geographic factors in the volume of the net global effect. It also considers a spatial weights matrix. Results reveal that the global mean pace of change in the emigration is positive. The pace of phenomenon is the fastest among individuals aged 45–64 and also 35–44 years and in Czech Rep., Lithuania, Spain, Hungary and Germany.
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Lounsbery, Anne. "Dostoevskii's Geography: Centers, Peripheries, and Networks inDemons." Slavic Review 66, no. 2 (2007): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20060218.
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Demonstakes an infamous real-life Moscow event (the “Nechaev Affair“) and moves it to a nameless provincial city. What can this geographic shift tell us about both Fedor Dostoevskii's novel and the particular vision of Russian geographic space that informs it? Anne Lounsbery argues thatDemons’representation of the provinces responds to a certain imaginary geography of Russia, one that can locate meaning only in acenter.The ideological implications of this geography are played out in Dostoevskii's representation of the railroad as a sinister and ever-widening network extending across a blank landscape. The interlocking rail lines “covering Russia like a spider web” reflect the provincial revolutionaries’ paranoid political vision as well as their inability to see themselves as anything but tiny points on this network, insignificant without the web's power to connect them to a hub of meaning. Lounsbery relates Dostoevskii's geographic vision to patterns that structure the representation of Russian space in works by many nineteenth-century writers, including Nikolai Gogol', Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, and Anton Chekhov.
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Li, Dajing, Hongqi Zhang, and Erqi Xu. "Spatiotemporal Changes in the Geographic Imbalances between Crop Production and Farmland-Water Resources in China." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051111.
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Agricultural production is constrained by farmland and water resources, especially in China with limited per capita resources. Understanding of the geographic changes between national crop production and resource availability with the spatial shift of crop production has been limited in recent decades. To solve this issue, we quantified the changes in geographic relationships between crop production and farmland-water resources in China from 1990 to 2015 by a spatial imbalance measurement model. Results found a clear spatial concentration trend of crop production in China, which increased the pressure on the limited farmland and water resources in the main production areas. The geographic imbalances between the total production of crops and farmland resources (∑SMI_PF) alleviated slightly, whereas that of water resources (∑SMI_PW) increased by 9.12%. The rice production moved toward the north of the country with less water but abundant farmland resources, which led to a decrease of 1.34% in ∑SMI_PF and an increase of 14.20% in ∑SMI_PW. The shift of wheat production to the south was conducive to alleviating the pressure on water resources, but the production concentration still increased the demand for farmland and water resources, resulting in an increase in ∑SMI_PF and ∑SMI_PW by 39.96% and 10.01%, respectively. Of the five crops, adjustments to the spatial distribution of corn production had the most significant effect on reducing pressure on farmland and water resources and ∑SMI_PF and ∑SMI_PW decreased by 11.23% and 1.43%, respectively. Our results provided a reference for adjustments in crop production distribution and for policy formulation to sustainably utilize farmland and water resources.
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Shu, Pei-Yun, Chien-Ling Su, Jyh-Hsiung Huang, Mei-Chun Chang, Huai-Chin Hu, Shu-Fen Chang, Tsai-Ling Liao, Chien-Chou Lin, and Cheng-Fen Yang. "Molecular Characterization of Dengue Viruses Imported Into Taiwan during 2003–2007: Geographic Distribution and Genotype Shift." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.1039.
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Sharma, Prateek, Srineil Vuthaluru, Sanjib Chowdhury, and Chandrakanth Are. "Global trends in the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer based on geographic location, socioeconomic status, and demographic shift." Journal of Surgical Oncology 128, no. 6 (October 11, 2023): 989–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.27462.
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AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy with a significantly rising rate of incidence and mortality. This study aims to describe the influence of geography, socioeconomic development (based on the Human Development Index [HDI]), gender, and demographic shift on the temporal trends in the global burden of PC.MethodsData (2020–2040) relating to the incidence, mortality of PC, and demographic shifts based on continents and HDI areas were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2020.ResultsPC was associated with a higher socioeconomic status. Asia contributed to the majority of the burden, led by China. Advanced age (≥65 years) contributed to the majority of the burden in all socioeconomic regions except in Medium HDI and Low HDI countries, where the younger population (<65 years) contributed more. Females contributed to a higher burden in certain countries. Future trends for 2040 showed a >60% increase in the incidence and mortality of PC with an associated demographic shift.ConclusionThe global burden of PC is expected to rise significantly over the next few decades regardless of geography, socioeconomic development, age, and gender. Advance knowledge of this data can help to formulate strategies and public health policies to specifically target countries and populations at risk.
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Chalifour, Bridget N., Leanne E. Elder, and Jingchun Li. "Diversity of gut microbiome in Rocky Mountainsnail across its native range." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (November 27, 2023): e0290292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290292.
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The animal gut microbiome is often a key requirement for host nutrition, digestion, and immunity, and can shift in relation to host geography and environmental factors. However, ecological drivers of microbiome community assembly across large geographic ranges have rarely been examined in invertebrates. Oreohelix strigosa (Rocky Mountainsnail) is a widespread land snail found in heterogeneous environments across the mountainous western United States. It is ideally suited for biogeography studies due to its broad distribution, low migration, and low likelihood of passive transport via other animals. This study aims to uncover large-scale geographic shifts in the composition of O. strigosa gut microbiomes by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on samples from across its native range. Additionally, we elucidate smaller-scale microbiome variation using samples collected only within Colorado. Results show that gut microbiomes vary significantly across broad geographic ranges. Several possible ecological drivers, including soil and vegetation composition, habitat complexity, habitat type, and human impact, collectively explained 27% of the variation across Coloradan O. strigosa gut microbiomes. Snail gut microbiomes show more similarity to vegetation than soil microbiomes. Gut microbial richness was highest in the rocky habitats and increased significantly in the most disturbed habitats (low complexity, high human impact), potentially indicating signs of dysbiosis in the snails’ gut microbiomes. These small-scale environmental factors may be driving changes in O. strigosa gut microbiome composition seen across large-scale geography. This knowledge will also help us better understand how microbial associations influence species survival in diverse environments and aid wildlife conservation efforts.
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Rossiter, Will. "A tale of two cities: Rescaling economic strategy in the North Midlands." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 31, no. 8 (November 23, 2016): 836–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094216675435.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses the implementation (or mediation) of industrial policy at the regional and local level in the northern sub-region of the English East Midlands. At the heart of both New Labour and Coalition Government policy on local and regional economic development was a simple proposition to the effect that if decision-making for economic development could be better aligned to ‘functional economic geographies’, better economic outcomes should result. The abolition of Regional Development Agencies and creation of Local Enterprise Partnerships brought this proposition into sharp focus. This paper explores the consequences of this shift in the spatial scale of decision making for the development process and policy content of place based economic strategies. Strategies produced for three ‘nested’ geographic areas in the north midlands are compared. An apparent tension between economic development and institutional trajectories is considered.