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1
Qureshi, M. H. (Mohd. Hashim), 1942- editor and Jamia Millia Islamia (India), eds. Paradigm shift in geography. New Delhi: Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2013.
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2
Ishtiaq, M. Language shifts among the scheduled tribes in India: A geographical study. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999.
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3
Vollmann, William T. The ice-shirt. New York: Viking, 1990.
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4
Vollmann, William T. The ice-shirt. New York: Penguin Books, 1993.
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5
Arita, Setsuko. Nihongo jōkenbun no shosō: Chiriteki hen'i to rekishiteki hensen = Aspects of Japanese conditionals : geographical variations and historical shifts. Tōkyō-to Bunkyō-ku: Kuroshio Shuppan, 2017.
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6
L, Clements David, Pérez-Fournon I, and ESO/IAC Workshop on Quasar Hosts (1996 : Puerto de la Cruz, Canary, Islands), eds. Quasar hosts: Proceedings of the ESO-IAC conference held on Tenerife, Spain, 24-27 September 1996. Berlin: Springer, 1997.
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7
Mauldin, Erin Stewart. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865177.003.0001.
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The American Civil War marked a watershed moment in the history of southern agriculture. Throughout the antebellum period, the Cotton Kingdom’s geographic boundaries remained relatively limited. After the war, however, the diversity of the antebellum agricultural landscape disappeared. Landowners, yeomen, and recently freed slaves in all areas of the South invested heavily in cotton cultivation, often accruing enormous debts to do so. But why did postwar southern farmers rely on continuous cotton cultivation? What caused such a fundamental shift in attitudes toward self-sufficiency in farming areas known for their relative crop diversity? Why did poor whites and emancipated blacks grow cotton at the expense of everything else despite shrinking financial incentives? The introduction surveys the way this book answers those questions: by connecting postwar agricultural shifts to the ecological legacies of the Civil War and emancipation.
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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks. Determining the number and location of genetically differentiated population fragments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0010.
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The number and geographic location of genetically differentiated populations must be identified to determine if fragmented populations require genetic management. Clustering of related genotypes to geographic locations (landscape genetic analyses) is used to determine the number of populations and their boundaries, with the simplest analyses relying on random mating within, but not across populations. Evidence of genetic differentiation among populations indicates either that they have drifted apart (and are likely inbred) and/or that the populations are adaptively differentiated. The current response when populations are genetically differentiated is usually to recommend separate management, but this is often ill-advised. A paradigm shift is needed where evidence of genetic differentiation among populations is followed by an assessment of whether populations are suffering genetic erosion, whether there are other populations to which they could be crossed, and whether the crosses would be beneficial, or harmful.
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Taiz, Lincoln, and Lee Taiz. Crop Domestication and Gender. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490263.003.0003.
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“Crop Domestication and Gender” traces the rise of permanent settlements and incipient agriculture from the Pre-pottery Neolithic to the Pottery Neolithic in the Levant, together with the iconographic changes that show a shift from the predominance of zoomorphic forms to female forms concurrent with the increasing importance of agriculture. It discusses relevant geographic features, climactic periods and changes in temperature, rainfall and glaciation while exploring the important transitional cultures and the artifacts that reveal the progress of agricultural development and plant domestication. Domestication of the founder crops of the Fertile Crescent are described, together with markers in the archaeological record that distinguish wild plants from domesticated plants. The abundance of female figurines at the Neolithic village of Sha’ar Hagolan and the presence of cryptic agricultural symbols at Hacilar and Çatalhüyük, support a close association of women, cats, and agriculture, most famously exemplified by the so-called “grain bin goddess“ of Çatalhüyük.
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Kuus, Merje. Critical Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.137.
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Critical geopolitics is concerned with the geographical assumptions and designations that underlie the making of world politics. The goal of critical geopolitics is to elucidate and explain how political actors spatialize international politics and represent it as a “world” characterized by particular types of places. Eschewing the traditional question of how geography does or can influence politics, critical geopolitics foregrounds “the politics of the geographical specification of politics.” By questioning the assumptions that underpin geopolitical claims, critical geopolitics has evolved from its roots in the poststructuralist, feminist, and postcolonial critique of traditional geopolitics into a major subfield of mainstream human geography. This essay shows that much of critical geopolitics problematizes the statist conceptions of power in social sciences, a conceptualization that John Agnew has called the “territorial trap.” Along with political geography more generally, critical geopolitics argues that spatiality is not confined to territoriality. The discursive construction of social reality is shaped by specific political agents, including intellectuals of statecraft. In addition to the scholarship that draws empirically on the rhetorical strategies of intellectuals of statecraft, there is also a rich body of work on popular geopolitics, and more specifically on resistance geopolitics or anti-geopolitics. Another emerging field of inquiry within critical geopolitics is feminist geopolitics, which shifts the focus from the operations of elite agents to the constructions of political subjects in everyday political practice. Clearly, the heterogeneity of critical geopolitics is central to its vibrancy and success.
11
Norwine, Jim. World after Climate Change and Culture-Shift. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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12
Vollmann, William T. The Ice-Shirt. Random House Value Publishing, 1993.
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13
Norwine, Jim. A World After Climate Change and Culture-Shift. Springer, 2016.
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14
Soroka, Stuart N. Gatekeeping and the Negativity Bias. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.43.
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Research on media gatekeeping is focused on the factors leading to a distribution of information in media content that is systematically different from the “real world.” Early gatekeeping work examined editorial decisions, and emphasized the effect that a single editor’s preferences and beliefs could have on the content new consumers receive. The literature has gradually shifted to focus on more generalizable factors, however. These include organization-level assessments of newsworthiness and commercial/economic considerations; broader system-level factors including the impact of dominant ideologies and political and social norms; and common individual-level factors, including a range of cognitive and psychological biases.The tendency for humans to prioritize negative over positive information is one such cognitive bias—and the growing literature on the negativity bias is discussed here as one example of a set of organization-, system-, and individual-level “gates” that have a systematic impact on news content. Negativity is just one example, however. Sensationalism, violence, geographic proximity, availability of visuals, prominence of celebrities—all of these tendencies in media content can and have been examined effectively using the gatekeeping metaphor. Some of this work is reviewed here, alongside some recent trends in gatekeeping work, including the “distributional” approach to gatekeeping, and the shift in gatekeeping brought on by the “new media” environment.
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Toft, Monica Duffy. Civil Wars: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780197575864.001.0001.
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Abstract Prior to the 1990s most scholars approached civil wars as one-off events, with little general theorizing across them. That is no longer the case. In fact, in the past 30 years, the study of civil wars has been one of the largest growing segments of the international relations field. Civil wars are nasty, brutish and long. Their causes are complex; ranging from fights over access to housing, jobs, access to arable land or other resources, to political contests over offices, rights, and representation. Because civil wars tend to drag on, motives and relevant actors shift. Groups form, collapse, coalesce, align and realign, and then fight among themselves. Governments themselves change through elections, coups, military defeats, or revolutions. Understanding the origins of civil wars and their trajectories therefore demands some appreciation of the economic, political, social-cultural, and geographic order of societies. If there is one factor that best predicts why a civil war erupts, it is a prior civil war. That’s why knowledge of a country’s history of political violence, and associated narratives about who is to blame and why, are critical to understanding where a civil war might next occur. Moreover, once we have an understanding for why civil wars happen where and when they did, we have a much better sense for how a civil war might cross borders or eventually end.
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Gresh, Geoffrey F. To Rule Eurasia's Waves. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300234848.001.0001.
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This book to weaves Eurasia together through the perspective of the oceans and seas. Eurasia's emerging powers — India, China, and Russia — have increasingly embraced their maritime geographies as they have expanded and strengthened their economies, military capabilities, and global influence. Maritime Eurasia, a region that facilitates international commerce and contains some of the world's most strategic maritime chokepoints, has already caused a shift in the global political economy and challenged the dominance of the Atlantic world and the United States. Climate change is set to further affect global politics. The book considers how the melting of the Arctic ice cap will create new shipping lanes and exacerbate a contest for the control of Arctic natural resources. It also explores the strategic maritime shifts under way from Europe to the Indian Ocean and Pacific Asia. The race for great power status and the earth's changing landscape, the book shows, are rapidly transforming Eurasia and thus creating a new world order.
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Smallman-Raynor, Matthew R., Andrew D. Cliff, J. Keith Ord, and Peter Haggett. A Geography of Infection. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848390.001.0001.
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A Geography of Infection explores the distinctive spatial patterns and processes by which infectious diseases spread from place to place and can grow from local and regional epidemics into global pandemics. The book focuses initially on the local scale of doctors’ practices and small islands where epidemic outbreaks are slight in the numbers infected and in geographical extent. Such local area studies raise two questions. First, how and where do epidemic diseases emerge and second, why do more diseases appear to be emerging now? To approach such questions implies a shift in spatial gear from painting epidemics with a fine-tipped local brush to an expanded palette on which doctors’ practices and small islands are replaced by regional and global populations. Simultaneously, time bands are extended backwards to the origins of civilization and forwards into the twenty-first century. It eventually leads to a consideration of global pandemics—both historical (e.g. plague, cholera, and influenza) and contemporary (HIV/AIDS and COVID-19)—and examines the ways the spread of infection can be prevented.
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Dicken, Peter. Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century. The Guilford Press, 2003.
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19
Blast, Sarah. Look at You Becoming a Geographer and Shit: Geographer Graduation Gift for Him Her Best Friend Son Daughter College School University Celebrating Job. Independently Published, 2019.
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20
Lane, Jeremy F. Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622140.001.0001.
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Over recent decades concerns at the increased scarcity and precarity of salaried employment have dominated political struggles, theoretical debates and cultural representations in France. This study argues that such concerns are evidence of a profound shift in the French economy and labour market. In its first, theoretical part, the study engages with work in political economy and sociology, sketching a new interpretative framework, the better to understand the nature and implications of this profound shift. This shift has challenged certain fundamental French republican values, opening up a rift between the precarious forms of subjectivity characteristic of post-Fordist labour and older notions of republican citizenship. In its second part, the study finds symptoms of this rift in a range of cinematic and literary representations of the contemporary workplace, as these depict the dilemmas faced, the trajectories followed, and the geographical regions inhabited by French workers of different ages, sexes, classes, and ethnicities.
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Gibson, Catherine. Geographies of Nationhood. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844323.001.0001.
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Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a form of visual and material culture that gave expression to territorialised visions of nationhood. In the Russian Empire’s Baltic provinces, the development of ethnographic cartography, as part of the broader field of statistical data visualisation, progressively became a tool that lent legitimacy and an experiential dimension to nationalist arguments, as well as a wide range of alternative spatial configurations that rendered the inhabitants of the Baltic as part of local, imperial, and global geographies. The book argues that map production and the spread of cartographic literacy as a mass phenomenon in Baltic society transformed how people made sense of linguistic, ethnic, and religious similarities and differences by imbuing them with an alleged scientific objectivity that was later used to determine the political structuring of the Baltic region and beyond. The book treads new ground by expanding the focus beyond elites to include a diverse range of mapmakers, such as local bureaucrats, commercial enterprises, clergymen, family members, teachers, and landowners. It shifts the focus from imperial learned and military institutions to examine the proliferation of mapmaking across diverse sites in the Russian Empire, including the provincial administration, local learned societies, private homes, and schools. Understanding ethnographic maps in the social context of their production, circulation, consumption, and reception is crucial for assessing their impact as powerful shapers of popular geographical conceptions of nationhood, state-building, and border-drawing.
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Dicken, Peter. Global Shift: Mapping the Changing Contours of the World Economy. SAGE Publications, Limited, 2011.
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23
Ribas-Mateos, N. Border Shifts: New Mobilities in Europe and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2016.
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24
Khan, Bilal Ahmad. Jammu & Kashmir. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849656.001.0001.
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This book to interested in gaining an insight into the issues pertaining to the prospect for employment generation in Jammu and Kashmir in present times. The book is original in content. We get here a fresh perspective that boldly shifts the focus from the past demographic and developmental dimensions to the present dynamics of the state, or, rather, the Union Territories. In spelling this out the author, Dr. Bilal Khan, explains in great detail the varied and diversified geographic, agro-climatic and topographic features of the region that pose peculiar and unique problems of development. The author dwells on how the state has been subverted from time to time. The work draws attention to the trends and issues concerning the work force. The policy implications of this work are immense. The book is focused on finding innovative methods to enable the young youth to exercise as well as realize their full potential. The author shows with corroborating evidence that the Central Government not only deployed security forces in large numbers but also spent huge sums of money on building infrastructure and providing economic assistance to Jammu and Kashmir. Instead of addressing the problems of the peasantry and the common people and expanding the employment of the restive youth, this led to the creation of neo-rich strata within the state. Dr. Bilal presents the much neglected dimensions of the economy of Kashmir by showing how the widening gulf over decades has generated mass discontent against the Indian government and created the social basis of separatism and militancy in the 1990s. He points out with much evidence that a radical shift in its policies, especially in the education sector, is an absolute prerequisite for the birth of a capable workforce. The remedy lies in revamping the education sector by crafting appropriate policies for suitable skills in line with the socio-economic requirements of the society. Underdevelopment and unemployment in Jammu and Kashmir is the manifestation of a mismatch between physical and human resources, technically known as structural unemployment. This exists when a large segment of the working age population does not possess the appropriate skills and knowledge to be gainfully employed. Kashmir faced a serious unemployment problem, made me realize that there was an immediate need of a book on Jammu & Kashmir: Levels, Issues, & Prospects of Employment Generation which could educate the young youth about the various aspects and challenges in a simple and lucid manner. The book presents a comprehensive treatment of unemployment and economic problems. It takes care of recent data of workforce wherever it is required. Kashmir being a conflict ridden zone has far less opportunities for employment than rest of the other states. With an underdeveloped industrial sector and the inability of government to create enough jobs, there seems to be no immediate solution. Lack of avenues to engage youth in meaningful ways drives youth towards the miscreants in this society. Young populations across the world are generally seen as drivers of socio-economic growth, but in Kashmir, the youth bulge is a problem. Unemployed youths are betrayed by the anti-social elements and for destabilizing economy by using them as tools for creating mayhem. Underdevelopment and unemployment in Jammu and Kashmir is the manifestation of a mismatch between physical and human resources. This exists when a large segment of the working age population does not possess the appropriate skills and knowledge to be gainfully employed. In addition, lackadascial and imprudent policies pursued by subsequent governments are the major challenge. The book is with much evidence that a radical shift in its policies, especially in the education sector, is an absolute prerequisite for the birth of a capable workforce. The remedy lies in revamping the education sector by crafting appropriate policies for suitable skills in line with the socio-economic requirements of the society. The government adroitly must think about a long-term plan for unemployed youth and devise a policy to channelize youth bulge constructively.
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Pink, William T., ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of School Reform. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190841133.001.0001.
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89 articles The Oxford Encyclopedia of School Reform is a landmark publication that provides a wid-ranging collection of school reform strategies from several geographical regions around the world. It illustrates both the theory and practical outcomes of reform efforts situated in different cultural contexts. The major theme that runs through the Encyclopedia is both the successes and failures of reforms: the detailed analyses offered in the text have a unique potential to guide future reforms. The power of the text is its ability to shift readers out of their culturally myopic perspective, and to seriously engage with alternative ways of conceptualizing and solving educational problems.
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Quasar Hosts. Springer, 2013.
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Clements, David L., and Ismael Perez-Fournon. Quasar Hosts: Proceedings of the ESO-IAC Conference Held on Tenerife, Spain, 24-27 September 1996. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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(Editor), David L. Clements, and Ismael Perez-Fournon (Editor), eds. Quasar Hosts: Proceedings of the Eso-Iac Conference Held on Tenerife, Spain, 24-27 September 1996 (Eso Astrophysics Symposia). Springer, 1997.
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GLOBAL SHIFT: RESHAPING THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC MAP IN THE 21ST CENTURY. 4th ed. LONDON: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, 2003.
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Florida, Richard, and Charlotta Mellander. Talent, Skills, and Urban Economies. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.23.
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From industrial location theory and Alfred Marshall’s concern for agglomeration to more recent research on industrial clusters and districts, firms and industries have been the dominant unit of analysis in urban economics and economic geography. But the last decade or two have seen a shift in urban and regional research toward talent, human capital, and skills. This includes studies of human capital, occupations, the creative class and specific types of skills, and also on the characteristics of cities and regions that enable them to attract talent, and the role of talent and human capital and skills in urban and regional development. This chapter summarizes the key lines of research on talent, skills, and urban economies.
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Brownill, Sue, and Quintin Bradley, eds. Localism and Neighbourhood Planning. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447329497.001.0001.
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Governments around the world are seeing the locality as a key arena for effecting changes in governance, restructuring state/civil society relations and achieving sustainable growth. This book critically analyses this shift towards localism in planning through exploring neighbourhood planning; one of the fastest growing, most popular and most contentious contemporary planning initiatives. Bringing together original empirical research with critical perspectives on governance and planning, the book engages with broader debates on the purposes of planning, the construction of active citizenship, the uneven geographies of localism and the extent to which power is actually being devolved. Setting this within an international context with cases from the US, Australia and France, the book reflects on the possibilities for the emergence of a more progressive form of localism.
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Patel, Kiran Klaus. Germany and European Integration Since 1945. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0034.
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Germany and the integration of Europe since 1945 is the main focus of this article. Finding its place in Europe and defining what its Europe should be is a leitmotif of Germany's history. Long before the twentieth century, its central position and size raised the question of how both Germany and Europe could be organized in a constructive, stable, and peaceful way that would work for Germans, as well as for their neighbors. In a basically chronological manner, this article analyzes the sea-shift in Germany's relationship to Europe since 1945, understanding ‘Europe’ not as a vague cultural or geographical entity, but rather as institutionalized forms of political and economic integration with a European focus. An analysis of West Germany as a post-national democracy untill the two Germanies reunites in 1990 concludes this article.
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Mallon, Florencia E. Indigenous Peoples and Nation-States in Spanish America, 1780–2000. Edited by Jose C. Moya. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195166217.013.0010.
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This article shifts the discussion of race from Afro- to Indo-America, focusing on a corpus of historical studies that underline how Amerindians, anti-Indian racism, and Indigenism have played a central role in the formation of nations and national identities along the mountainous backbone of Spanish America. With the crisis of the Spanish colonial system and the rise of independence movements, emerging elites interested in projects of nation-state formation entered into new forms of negotiation and confrontation with indigenous peoples and their visions for both inclusion and autonomy. While these negotiations differed markedly from those that had earlier taken place between Natives and the colonial state, they were conditioned by the forms of conquest and colonization that had gone before, as well as by emerging political, geographic, military, and economic distinctions among the newly independent societies.
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Tulloch, John, and Belinda Middleweek. Desire, Intimacy, Transgression, and the Gaze in the Work of Andrea Arnold and Lynne Ramsay. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190244606.003.0013.
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Chapter 11 revisits feminist screen studies notions of the filmic gaze through the simulated, high-impact sex films made by female directors Andrea Arnold and Lynne Ramsay. With particular emphasis on Arnold’s Red Road and Ramsay’s Morvern Callar, the chapter explores the work of Laura Mulvey, Lynn Williams, Anne Kaplan, Elizabeth Grosz, Slavoj Žižek, and Elena del Rio in light of Horeck and Kendall’s “unsayable” and Grønstad’s “unwatchable” concepts to shift emphasis from the gaze to the role of the sensory and the affective in extreme cinema. Overall, this chapter brings into dialogue the concepts of desire, intimacy, and risk in feminist film studies as part of a larger conversation (undertaken throughout this book) about sociological theories of risk, the mapping of embodiment in feminist geography, and interdisciplinary debates more generally.
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Kinoshita, Sharon. Romance in/and the Medieval Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795148.003.0011.
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This chapter expands the traditional classification of medieval French romance by proposing ‘Mediterranean’ as a thematic category alongside ‘Antique’ and ‘Breton’. In addition to their geographical setting, ‘Mediterranean’ romances feature themes such as sea voyages, merchants, pirates, mutable identities, and the changes of fortune occasioned by the hazards of maritime travel. Floire et Blancheflor, first attested in French c.1150 and subsequently translated into many languages, provides the focal point for a discussion of medieval romance that draws inspiration from Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell’s 2000 study, The Corrupting Sea. The second part of the chapter tests the longue durée of the Mediterranean thematic by examining the Hellenistic romance Callirhoe. The close parallels between the two texts, corresponding to Mikhail Bakhtin’s description of the Greek novel of adventure, also allows an assessment of their divergences as reflections of the shift from a late antique to a high medieval context.
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Stuewer, Roger H. New Machines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827870.003.0008.
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John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton designed and built their eponymous linear accelerator at the Cavendish with crucial help from scientists and engineers at the Metropolitan-Vickers company in Manchester. In April 1932, they produced 400-kilo-electron-volt protons with which they split the lithium nucleus into two alpha particles. Ernest Lawrence, stimulated by an article in German on the linear acceleration of positive ions, realized they would execute circular trajectories in a superposed perpendicular magnetic field, thereby conceiving the cyclotron principle. By January 1932, he and M. Stanley Livingston had built a 10-inch-diameter cyclotron with which they produced 1.2 million-electron-volt protons. These new accelerators transformed experimental nuclear physics. These two inventions and discovery of the deuteron, neutron, and positron garnered five Nobel Prizes. That Americans received three was a harbinger of the momentous shift occurring in the geographical center of experimental and theoretical nuclear physics.
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Osborn, Terry A. Language and Cultural Diversity in U.S. Schools. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400676505.
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Diversity is at the heart of today's education debates. Often, school policies and programs designed to encourage and embrace diversity are met with public ire and a deep misunderstanding of how diversity serves learning. This work explains how diversity is an essential element in classroom settings. As children from around the world continue to pour into U.S. classrooms, an understanding of cultural and linguistic diversity in its broadest sense moves to the foreground. In a post 9/11 world, the benefits of understanding diversity take on urgent meaning. The introdutory chapter, Participating in Democracy Means Participating in Schools, sets the tone for the discussion to follow. As the geographic backgrounds of immigrants becomes increasingly diverse, religion must be added to previous discussions of race, ethnicity, and language. Thus, the need for the public to understand how shifts in population affect schools, makes this work a vital resource for anyone concerned with education today.
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Shaikh, Fariha. Nineteenth-Century Settler Emigration in British Literature and Art. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433693.001.0001.
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Nineteenth-Century Settler Emigration in British Literature and Art takes an interdisciplinary approach, combining literary criticism, art history, and cultural geography, to argue that the demographic shift in the nineteenth century to settler colonies in Canada, Australia and New Zealand was also a textual one: a vast literature supported and underpinned this movement of people. Through its five chapters, Nineteenth-Century Settler Emigration brings printed emigrants’ letters, manuscript shipboard newspapers, and settler fiction into conversation with narrative painting and novels to explore the generic features of emigration literature: textual mobility, a sense of place and colonial home-making. Authors and artists discussed in this book include, among others, Ford Madox Brown, James Collinson, Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Gaskell, Susannah Moodie, Catherine Helen Spence, Catharine Parr Traill and Thomas Webster. The book’s careful analysis of the aesthetics of emigration literature demonstrates the close relationships between textual and demographic mobilities, textual materiality and realism, and the spatial imagination.
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Leonard, Thomas M. The History of Honduras. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400664854.
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This book provides a political and cultural history of Honduras, covering the era of the Mayan and Lenca civilizations to today's current political strife. Honduras has suffered both political trauma and natural disasters throughout its history. In 1969, Honduras' political tensions with El Salvador during a soccer series preliminary to the World Cup led to the four-day-long "Football War." In 1998, Hurricane Mitch caused billions of dollars of damage to Honduras; ten years later, half of the country's roadways were ruined, often beyond repair, by substantial flooding. Most recently, many countries have frowned upon the Honduran government's shift of power from the president to the head of Congress. The History of Honduras provides a comprehensive history of the small Latin American country, detailing Honduras's geography and current political systems with emphasis on its politics and cultural life. Recent coups and political controversy make Honduras an important Central American nation for today's students to study and understand.
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Thaler, Gregory. The Twenty-First Century Agricultural Land Rush. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.017.
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The 2007–2008 global food crisis has been followed by a rapid acceleration in large-scale agricultural land deals, which activists have labeled a “global land grab.” This chapter explores the origins of this twenty-first century agricultural land rush, its geography, and the responses it has engendered. The origins of the land rush are located in interlinked food, financial, and ecological crises that are indicative of fundamental shifts in the global political economy. In response to these crises, land grabbing represents an effort to reconstruct a stable political-economic order, both on the part of investment capital seeking to relaunch accumulation and on the part of political actors and companies seeking to secure stable supplies of food and energy. The geography of the land rush is analyzed through the interrelated variables of land availability, the structural position of a country in the global economy, and a country’s domestic institutional structure. Finally, the main theoretical positions in the debate over land deals are linked to distinct political responses. The real historical significance of the structural changes behind the agricultural land rush suggests that the implications of the land rush will be both durable and systemic.
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Feist, Lisa,, Rosen, Asenov, and Astrid, Henningsen. Imbalances between supply and demand recent causes of labour shortages in advanced economies. ILO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/luty2310.
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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous high-income countries encountered heightened vacancy rates and labour shortages, which persisted into 2023. This paper examines the dynamics underlying labour market fluctuations in advanced economies, such as cyclical movements, structural shifts and pandemic-induced trends. The surge in labour demand following economic reopening varied across sectors, as sustained fiscal support measures bolstered demand, contributing to a pronounced uptick in vacancies. Statistics on labour force participation and working hours highlight the intricacies of the supply side of the labour market. However, long-term projections reveal challenges stemming from population ageing, which were exacerbated by pandemic-induced retirements and gender disparities in employment. Shifts in migration patterns further shaped labour dynamics, with sectors such as healthcare, education, and information and communications technology grappling with skills shortages. Geographical mismatch and decreased labour mobility underscored the limitations in reallocating workers across regions. This analysis stresses the multifaceted nature of labour market challenges following the pandemic, urging policymakers to adopt nuanced strategies to address persistent labour shortages and structural transformations in advanced economies.This work is the result of background research in preparation of the ILO research department’s 2024 WESO Trends report.
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Helmut, Tuerk. 15 Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0015.
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The growing realization of the enormous resources and economic potential of the seas along with concerns over the impact of long-distance fishing fleets on coastal fish stocks and the threats posed by pollution from ships to coastal communities and ocean life have caused a major shift towards more national authority over maritime areas, leading to a diminution of the extent of the high seas and an attenuation of its freedoms. This development has directly affected the landlocked States as well as other States in a less favourable geographical position with respect to the seas and their resources. This chapter analyzes how landlocked and geographically disadvantaged States sought to safeguard their rights and interests in connection with the emergence of a new law of the sea; the rights granted to them under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC); how these rights have been realized in practice; and the role of these States in the further development of the law of the sea.
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Reinarz, Jonathan. Fragrant Lucre. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252034947.003.0003.
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This chapter surveys the wealth of literature that has explored the history of the perfume trade. Not only were some of the first histories of smell histories of perfume, but histories of perfume also outnumber all other studies of smell in society. A survey of this literature provides a greater understanding of the commercialization of scents, as well as the commodities that are at the heart of many discussions of smell. Thus the chapter addresses the earliest production of fragrances and charts the geographical shifts in both the centers of the incense trade and scent manufacture. It focuses on certain products that were at the heart of health-care practices and religious ceremonies. It then concludes with an exploration of the emergence of the modern perfume industry and its related products, packaging, and practices.
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Sachedina, Amal. Cultivating the Past, Living the Modern. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758614.001.0001.
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This book explores how and why heritage has emerged as a prevalent force in building the modern nation-state of Oman. The book analyses the relations with the past that undergird the shift in Oman from an Ibadi shari'a Imamate (1913–1958) to a modern nation-state from 1970 onwards. Since its inception as a nation-state, material forms in the Sultanate of Oman — such as old mosques and shari'a manuscripts, restored forts, national symbols such as the coffee pot or the dagger (khanjar), and archaeological sites — have saturated the landscape, becoming increasingly ubiquitous as part of a standardized public and visual memorialization of the past. Oman's expanding heritage industry, exemplified by the boom in museums, exhibitions, street montages, and cultural festivals, shapes a distinctly national geography and territorialized narrative. But the book demonstrates there are consequences to this celebration of heritage. As the national narrative conditions the way people ethically work on themselves through evoking forms of heritage, it also generates anxieties and emotional sensibilities that seek to address the erasures and occlusions of the past.
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Zehmisch, Philipp. Doing Fieldwork in the Andamans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199469864.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 contextualizes the Andaman Islands as a fieldwork location. It has two major objectives: First, it serves to introduce the reader to the Andamans as a geographical, ecological, and political space and as a site of imagination. This representation of the islands concentrates on the interplay of discourses and policies which have shaped their global, national, and local perception as well as the everyday life of the Andaman population. Second, the chapter underlines the conflation of anthropological theory, fieldwork, and biographical transformations. It demonstrates how recent theoretical trends and paradigm shifts in global and academic discourse have become enmeshed with the author’s experiences in and perceptions of the field. Elaborating on these intricate personal and professional ‘spectacles’ of the fieldworker, the author thus contextualizes the subjective conditions inherent in the production of ethnography as a type of literature.
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Stafford, Fiona. The Roar of the Solway. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795155.003.0003.
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This chapter considers the places where rivers meet the sea, and the imaginative, anthropomorphic impulses evident in the language of confluence. In particular, it focuses on the Solway Firth, and its peculiar situation as a border between England and Scotland, opening towards the Isle of Man, Ireland, Wales, and the rest of the world. The purpose of the regional focus is to show the constant interaction of history and geography and the associated shifts in understanding the coast. Taking its cue from John Ruskin’s claim for the international importance of the Solway, the chapter explores Ruskin’s own attachment to the area, magnified as it was by Scott, Burns, and Wordsworth. It goes on to consider Ciaran Carson’s thoughtful response to Ruskin’s description in Praeterita, when Carson imagines Ruskin crossing the Irish Sea to encounter modern Belfast.
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Heymann, Matthias, Gabriele Gramelsberger, and Martin Mahony. Cultures of Prediction in Atmospheric and Climate Science: Epistemic and Cultural Shifts in Computer-Based Modelling and Simulation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Heymann, Matthias, Gabriele Gramelsberger, and Martin Mahony. Cultures of Prediction in Atmospheric and Climate Science: Epistemic and Cultural Shifts in Computer-Based Modelling and Simulation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Heymann, Matthias, Gabriele Gramelsberger, and Martin Mahony. Cultures of Prediction in Atmospheric and Climate Science: Epistemic and Cultural Shifts in Computer-Based Modelling and Simulation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Heymann, Matthias, Gabriele Gramelsberger, and Martin Mahony. Cultures of Prediction in Atmospheric and Climate Science: Epistemic and Cultural Shifts in Computer-Based Modelling and Simulation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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