Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geographic Information System (GIS)'
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Finniear, Lee John. "An intelligent Geographic Information System for design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32546.
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Recent advances in geographic information systems (GIS) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been summarised, concentrating on the theoretical aspects of their construction and use. Existing projects combining AI and GIS have also been discussed, with attention paid to the interfacing methods used and problems uncovered by the approaches. AI and GIS have been combined in this research to create an intelligent GIS for design. This has been applied to off-shore pipeline route design. The system was tested using data from a real pipeline design project.
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Wilde, Bryn. "A geographic information system approach to distributed hydrological modelling." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327722.
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Dos-Santos, Sasha. "A geographic information system for dynamic ridematching." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001046.
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Bengtsson, Jonas, and Mikael Grönkvist. "Performing Geographic Information System Analyses on Building Information Management Models." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208922.
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As the usage of both BIM (Building Information Modelling) and 3D-GIS (Three-Dimensional Geographic Information Systems) has increased within the field of urban development and construction, so has the interest in connecting these two tools. One possibility of integration is the potential of visualising BIM models together with other spatial data in 3D. Another is to be able to perform spatial 3D analyses on the models. Both of these can be achieved through use of GIS software. This study explores how integration of BIM and GIS could look. The goal was to perform typical GIS analyses in 3D on BIM models. Previous research points towards some success within the field through use of the indicated standard format for each tool – IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) for BIM and CityGML (City Geographic Markup Language) for GIS. Transformation between the formats took place through use of the BIM software Revit, the transformation tool FME and the GIS software ArcGIS. A couple of reviewed applications of GIS analyses were chosen for testing on the converted models – indoor network analysis, visibility analysis and spatial analysis for 3D buildings. The input data in the study was several BIM models, both models created for real-life usage and others that only function as sample data within the different software. From the results of the practical work it can be concluded that a simple, automated and full-scale integration does not seem to be within reach quite yet. Most transformations between IFC and CityGML failed to some extent, especially the more detailed and complex ones. In some test cases, the file could not be imported into ArcGIS and in others geometries were missing or existing even though they should not. There were also examples where geometries had been moved during the process. As a consequence of these problems, most analyses failed or did not give meaningful results. A few of the original analyses did give positive results. Combining (flawed) CityGML models with other spatial data for visualisation purposes worked rather well. Both the shadow volume and sightline analyses did also get reasonable results which indicates that there might be a future for those applications. The obstacles for a full-scale integration identified during the work were divided into four different categories. The first is BIM usage and routines where created models need to be of high quality if the final results are to be correct. The second are problems concerning the level of detail, especially the lack of common definitions for the amount of details and information. The third category concerns the connection between local and global coordinate systems where a solution in form of updates to IFC might already be in place. The fourth, and largest, category contains those surrounding the different formats and software used. Here, focus should lie on the transformation between IFC and CityGML. There are plenty of possible, future, work concerning these different problems. There is also potential in developing own tools for integration or performing different analyses than those chosen for this thesis.I takt med den ökade användningen av både BIM och 3D-GIS inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen har även intresset för att sammanföra de två verktygen blivit större. En möjlighet med integration är potentialen att visualisera BIM-modeller tillsammans med andra geografiska data i 3D. En annan är att kunna genomföra rumsliga 3D-analyser på modellerna. Båda dessa går att utföra med hjälp av GIS-programvara. Denna studie utforskar hur en integration mellan BIM och GIS kan se ut. Målet är att genomföra typiska GIS-analyser i 3D på BIM-modeller. Tidigare forskning pekar mot vissa framgångar inom området genom att arbeta med det utpekade standardformatet för respektive verktyg – IFC för BIM och CityGML för GIS. Transformation mellan formaten skedde med hjälp av programvarorna Revit, FME och ArcGIS. Ett par framhållna tillämpningar av GIS-analyser valdes ut för tester på de konverterade modellerna – nätverksanalyser inomhus, siktanalyser och rumsliga analyser för 3D-byggnader. Som indata användes flera olika BIM-modeller, både sådana som tillverkats för faktisk användning och modeller som skapats för att användas som exempeldata inom programvarorna. Utifrån resultaten från det praktiska arbetet kan konstateras att en enkel, automatiserad och fullskalig integration mellan verktygen verkar ligga en bit in i framtiden. De flesta transformationerna mellan IFC och CityGML misslyckades i någon aspekt, speciellt de mer detaljerade och komplexa. I vissa testfall kunde filen inte importeras i ArcGIS, i andra saknas eller existerar oväntade geometrier även om importen lyckats. Det finns också exempel där geometrier förflyttats. Som en konsekvens av dessa problem kunde de flesta 3D-analyser inte genomföras alls eller lyckades inte ge betydelsefulla resultat. Ett fåtal av de ursprungliga analyserna gav dock positiv utdelning. Att kombinera (felaktiga) CityGML-modeller med annan rumslig data fungerade förhållandevis väl ur ett visualiseringssyfte. Både skuggvolymsanalysen och framtagandet av siktlinjer från byggnaderna gav någorlunda korrekta resultat vilket indikerar att det kan finnas en framtid gällande de tillämpningarna. Hindren för en fullskalig integration som identifierades genom arbetet delades upp i fyra olika kategorier. Den första är BIM-användning där hög kvalitet på de skapade modellerna är viktigt för korrekta slutresultat. Den andra är detaljeringsgraden där avsaknaden av gemensamma definitioner för detaljeringsgraderna ställer till problem. Den tredje kategorin är koordinat- och referenssystem där en lösning på kopplingen mellan lokala och globala system redan kan finnas på plats i en av de senare utgåvorna av IFC-formatet. Den sista och största kategorin är problematiken kring just format och programvaror där mer arbete på översättningen mellan IFC och CityGML kommer att krävas. I framtiden finns det gott om arbete att göra med dessa olika problem. Det finns också potential att utveckla egna verktyg för integrationen eller att ägna sig åt att göra andra analyser än de som valdes ut i den här studien.
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Sasikala, K. R. "Fuzzy reasoning with geographic information system : an aid to decision-making." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1002/.
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Villeneuve, Julie. "Delineating wetlands using geographic information system and remote sensing technologies." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3135.
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During the last century wetlands have considerably decreased. The principal cause
is urbanization, especially in large urban regions such as the Houston area. In order
to protect the remaining wetlands, they have to be monitored carefully. However
monitoring wetland is a difficult and time-demanding task because it has to be done
repetitively on large areas to be effective. This study was conducted to determine if
Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technologies would allow
accurate monitoring of wetland as a less time-consuming method. With this idea,
a suitability model was developed to delineate wetlands in the Houston area. This
model combined GIS and remote sensing technologies. The data used for this study
were as high spatial resolution as possible and were generally easy to obtain. This
suitability model consisted of four submodels: hydrology, soil, vegetation and multi-
attribute. Each submodel generated a Wetland Suitability Index (WSI). Those WSI
were summed to obtain a general WSI. The suitability model was calibrated using
half of the study area. During calibration, the general model was evaluated as well as
each individual index. Generally, the model showed a lack of sensitivity to changes.
However, the model was slightly modified to improve the delineation of upland wet-
lands by increasing the weight of the soil submodel. This model was validated using
the second half of the study area. The validation results improved a bit compared to
the calibration results; however they remained weak. It was demonstrated that the
model does not favor riverine wetlands over upland wetlands, nor large size wetlands. The model ground truth data were evaluated and were suffciently proven to be up to
date. Those results indicated that the weakness of the model must come from inac-
curacy in the input data. Therefore, the study showed that while existing computing
capacity supports remote delineation, spatial accuracy is still insuffcient to perform
correct wetland delineation using remote sensing and GIS technologies.
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San, Martin Roberto. "Information management in disaster and development : geographic information systems." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6218.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalThis research considers the theoretical and practical link between long-term sustainable development and disaster management. The aim is to develop a theoretical framework and a methodology which allows the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to manage the related information. Literature review leads us to understand development and disaster management as part of a learning cycle. Within this context, a common approach to information management is suggested to support the decision-making process in a cost-effective manner. A “universal” GIS is proposed to integrate information management for development and disaster while exploring the interactions between projects and project and the related geography which is considered a complex reality full of synergies between space, ecosystem, society, culture and economy. Study of academic production, practical implementations, interviews and a limited GIS application (using ArcMap and QGis) are used to endorse the capabilities of this concept. These capabilities are limited by lack of free information and cost of data gathering, interoperability and other technical issues. Open-source and crowdsourcing may solve some limitations while others need further research.
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Corner, Robert J. "Knowledge representation in geographic information systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/928.
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In order to satisfy increasing demand for better, smarter, more flexible land resource information an alternative form of representation is proposed. That representation is to be achieved through the coupling of Expert System methods and Geographic Information Systems. Instead of representing resource information using entities such as soil types, defined by rigid boundaries on a map, a more fluid presentation is proposed. Individual resource attributes will be represented by surfaces that describe their probability of occurrence, at a number of levels, across a landscape. Such flexible representations, which are designed to better capture the mental models behind their creation, are capable of being combined and synthesised to answer a wide range of resource queries.An investigation of methods of knowledge representation in a number of fields of research, led to the belief that a Bayesian Network provides a representational calculus that is appropriate to the "fuzzy" and imprecise conceptual models used in resource assessment. The fundamental mathematical principles of such networks have been tailored to provide a representation that is in tune with the intuitive processes of a surveyor's thinking.Software has been written to demonstrate the method and tested on a variety of data sets from Australia and overseas. These tests and demonstrations have used a range of densities of knowledge and range of acuity in evidential data. In general the results accord with the mental models used as drivers. A number of operational facets of the method have been highlighted during these demonstrations and attention has been given to a discussion of them.
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Basnet, Badri Bahadur. "Geographic Information System based manure application planning." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001410/.
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[Abstract]: The disposal of animal waste has become a problem in many parts of the world due to the rapid growth in the number and the size of intensive animal industries. Safe waste disposal sites are rarely available and the relocation and/or treatment of animal waste is seldom economically viable. The reuse of animal waste for energy recovery and re-feeding is also not popular. Animal waste is a valuable source of plant nutrients and a very good soil conditioner, and has been commonly applied as fertiliser to agricultural fields. However, due to the increasing oversupply of animal waste in recent years, it has often been applied in excess to the agricultural fields. Excessive application of animal waste, without due consideration of its implications, is a serious concern. The run-off and leaching losses of nutrients from the fields fertilised with animal waste have contributed significantly to the eutrophication and toxic blue-green algae blooms in surface water systems and nitrification of ground water systems. It has also led to nutrient imbalances in the soils and odour pollution to the surrounding communities. The animal waste, which is a valuable source of plant nutrients, has thus become both an economic and environmental burden, and there is a need to develop a strategy for its sensible use as a fertiliser in agricultural fields. Sensible use of animal waste involves the consideration of all the agricultural, environmental, social, and economical limitations. A rational method of achieving this is to restrict the use of animal waste to sites suitable for such uses, identify areas where it can be relocated and applied economically, limit the application rates to a safe level, and observe appropriate manure management practices. This study addressed each of these components by developing a comprehensive manure application plan (MAP) for the site-specific use of animal waste as fertiliser in agricultural fields. Various geographic information systems (GIS) based techniques, including a weighted linear combination model and map algebra based cartographic modelling, were employed to achieve the goal. The appropriateness of the existing techniques and procedures were evaluated and modified to meet the current input requirements. New methods of analysis were devised as necessary. The Westbrook sub-catchment of the Condamine River catchment in south-east Queensland was selected as the study area. The sub-catchment covers 24,903 hectares and contains 39 intensive animal industries. The catchment is also a part of the Murray-Darling Basin, which has been suffering from toxic blue green algae blooms recurrently since 1991. This study identified that only about one-fifth of the sub-catchment area is suitable for animal waste application. Depending on the method of site suitability analysis and the number of input factors used the suitable area ranged between 16 and 22 percent. This comparatively small area is mainly due to the presence of a large proportion of non-agricultural areas in the sub-catchment. The suitable areas were also found to have various degrees of suitability for waste application. However, the degree of site suitability was affected by the number of input factors used in the analysis, the weighting of the factors, and the method of factor attribute standardisation. Conventional methods of weighting input factors were found to be cumbersome and not particularly suitable. Hence, this study developed a new ‘objective oriented comparison’ method of factor weighting. Standardisation of input factors using a continuous, rather than discrete, classification (ie fuzzy set) method was found to be more consistent in degree of suitability determination. The discrete classification of factor attributes into classes of different numbers and sizes, and the weighting of classes to a sum of one, were identified as a limitation in using this standardisation method. A new ‘weight adjustment’ method was devised and demonstrated to reduce factor-weighting biases. The suitable sites, degree of site suitability, and other relevant spatial and non-spatial information were processed within a GIS framework to develop a comprehensive manure application plan. The inherently high presence of available phosphorus in the soils of the study area was recognised and the P2O5 content in the manure was used as the basis for determining manure application rates. A complimentary nitrogen supply map was also generated. Manure management practices applicable to the areas with a lower degree of suitability were also suggested.
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Corner, Robert J. "Knowledge representation in geographic information systems." Curtin University of Technology, School of Spatial Sciences, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11740.
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In order to satisfy increasing demand for better, smarter, more flexible land resource information an alternative form of representation is proposed. That representation is to be achieved through the coupling of Expert System methods and Geographic Information Systems. Instead of representing resource information using entities such as soil types, defined by rigid boundaries on a map, a more fluid presentation is proposed. Individual resource attributes will be represented by surfaces that describe their probability of occurrence, at a number of levels, across a landscape. Such flexible representations, which are designed to better capture the mental models behind their creation, are capable of being combined and synthesised to answer a wide range of resource queries.An investigation of methods of knowledge representation in a number of fields of research, led to the belief that a Bayesian Network provides a representational calculus that is appropriate to the "fuzzy" and imprecise conceptual models used in resource assessment. The fundamental mathematical principles of such networks have been tailored to provide a representation that is in tune with the intuitive processes of a surveyor's thinking.Software has been written to demonstrate the method and tested on a variety of data sets from Australia and overseas. These tests and demonstrations have used a range of densities of knowledge and range of acuity in evidential data. In general the results accord with the mental models used as drivers. A number of operational facets of the method have been highlighted during these demonstrations and attention has been given to a discussion of them.
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China, Samuel Soita. "Land use planning using geographic information systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239501.
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Love, Kimberly R. "Modeling Error in Geographic Information Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29900.
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Geographic information systems (GISs) are a highly influential tool in today's society, and are used in a growing number of applications, including planning, engineering, land management,and environmental study. As the field of GISs continues to expand, it is very important to observe and account for the error that is unavoidable in computerized maps. Currently, both statistical and non-statistical models are available to do so, although there is very little implementation of these methods.
In this dissertation, I have focused on improving the methods available for analyzing error in GIS vector data. In particular, I am incorporating Bayesian methodology into the currently popular G-band error model through the inclusion of a prior distribution on point locations. This has the advantage of working well with a small number of points, and being able to synthesize information from multiple sources. I have also calculated the boundary of the confidence region explicitly, which has not been done before, and this will aid in the eventual inclusion of these methods in GIS software. Finally, I have included a statistical point deletion algorithm, designed for use in situations where map precision has surpassed map accuracy. It is very similar to the Douglas-Peucker algorithm, and can be used in a general line simplification situation, but has the advantage that it works with the error information that is already known about a map rather than adding unknown error. These contributions will make it more realistic for GIS users to implement techniques for error analysis.Ph. D.
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Stassopoulou, Athena. "Bayesian networks for inference with geographic information systems." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/863/.
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West, Bryan A. "Conceptions of geographic information systems (GIS) held by senior geography students in Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16682/1/Bryan_Andrew_West_Thesis.pdf.
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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) represent one of the major contributions to spatial analysis and planning of the new technologies. While teachers and others have viewed its potential contribution to geographical education as considerable, it has not been known with any certainty whether they present a valuable educational tool that aids geographical education. The value of GIS to geographical education is viewed as depending on a geographical education being, in itself, valuable.
Within this context, synergetic focus groups are employed to explore the conceptions of GIS held by 109 secondary school students studying Senior Geography in metropolitan and regional Queensland, Australia. A phenomenographic approach is adopted to identify the six qualitatively different ways, or conceptions, in which the participating students experience GIS as:
1. Maps and a source of maps in geography.
2. Mapping in geography: a way to use and create maps.
3. A professional mapping tool: exceeding the needs of senior
geography.
4. Frustrating geography: irksome and presenting many challenges
to the student-user.
5. Relevant geography: within and beyond the school experience.
6. A better geography: offering a superior curriculum, and broader
geographical education, when contrasted to a senior geography
that omits its use.
The structural and referential elements of each of these conceptions are elucidated within corresponding Categories of Description. The qualitatively different ways in which the conceptions may be experienced are illustrated through an Outcome Space, comprising a metaphoric island landscape. This structural framework reveals that for the Senior Geography students who participated in this investigation, the extent to which GIS may augment the curriculum is influenced by the nature of students' individual understandings of how GIS manages spatial data.
This research project is a response to repeated calls in the literature for teachers of geography themselves to become researchers and for a better understanding of GIS within geography education. It reviews the salient literature with respect to geography and geography education generally, and GIS within geographical education specifically. The investigation has confirmed that qualitatively different conceptions of GIS exist amongst students and that these are not consistently aligned with assumptions about its use and benefits as presented by current literature.
The findings of the study contribute to knowledge of the potential educational outcomes associated with the use of GIS in geography education and decisions related to current and potential geography curricula. It provides guidance for future curriculum development involving GIS and argues for additional research to inform educators and the spatial sciences industry about the actual and perceived role of GIS within geography education.
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West, Bryan A. "Conceptions of geographic information systems (GIS) held by senior geography students in Queensland." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16682/.
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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) represent one of the major contributions to spatial analysis and planning of the new technologies. While teachers and others have viewed its potential contribution to geographical education as considerable, it has not been known with any certainty whether they present a valuable educational tool that aids geographical education. The value of GIS to geographical education is viewed as depending on a geographical education being, in itself, valuable. Within this context, synergetic focus groups are employed to explore the conceptions of GIS held by 109 secondary school students studying Senior Geography in metropolitan and regional Queensland, Australia. A phenomenographic approach is adopted to identify the six qualitatively different ways, or conceptions, in which the participating students experience GIS as: 1. Maps and a source of maps in geography. 2. Mapping in geography: a way to use and create maps. 3. A professional mapping tool: exceeding the needs of senior geography. 4. Frustrating geography: irksome and presenting many challenges to the student-user. 5. Relevant geography: within and beyond the school experience. 6. A better geography: offering a superior curriculum, and broader geographical education, when contrasted to a senior geography that omits its use. The structural and referential elements of each of these conceptions are elucidated within corresponding Categories of Description. The qualitatively different ways in which the conceptions may be experienced are illustrated through an Outcome Space, comprising a metaphoric island landscape. This structural framework reveals that for the Senior Geography students who participated in this investigation, the extent to which GIS may augment the curriculum is influenced by the nature of students' individual understandings of how GIS manages spatial data. This research project is a response to repeated calls in the literature for teachers of geography themselves to become researchers and for a better understanding of GIS within geography education. It reviews the salient literature with respect to geography and geography education generally, and GIS within geographical education specifically. The investigation has confirmed that qualitatively different conceptions of GIS exist amongst students and that these are not consistently aligned with assumptions about its use and benefits as presented by current literature. The findings of the study contribute to knowledge of the potential educational outcomes associated with the use of GIS in geography education and decisions related to current and potential geography curricula. It provides guidance for future curriculum development involving GIS and argues for additional research to inform educators and the spatial sciences industry about the actual and perceived role of GIS within geography education.
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Schatz, Rod. "Integrating a desktop Geographic Information System, GIS, with a location-allocation model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0013/MQ60185.pdf.
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Papšys, Kęstutis. "Methodology of development of cartographic information system for evaluation of risk of extreme events." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130220_160846-94374.
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The thesis describes the methodology of evaluation of extreme events and development of cartographic information system for this purpose. Existing complex risk assessment systems in the world are analysed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Author proposes original integrated risk assessment methodology based on integration of information from different geographic data sources. A cartographic information system designed by the author allows for the assessment of extreme events threats and risks. The developed methodology includes methodology of cartographic information system component development and deployment. The work describes necessary extreme events data, methods of their collection and database design principles. The created model enables the user to collect the data on extreme hazard events and to aggregate several threats into a single synthetic threat. The concepts of risks and threats and risk assessment methodology are explained. The author introduces project of an information system operating in the Lithuanian Geographic Information Infrastructure and integrated in the Lithuania spatial information portal. The system is tested with several consistent spatial data sets for Lithuania. The thesis presents experimental results that show increased geological and meteorological risk areas in Lithuania. Finally, methodological and practical conclusions about the methods and system customization, reliability and compliance with standards are presented.Disertacijoje aprašoma ekstremalių įvykių vertinimo kartografinės informacinės sistemos kūrimo metodologija. Analizuojamos pasaulyje egzistuojančios kompleksinės rizikos vertinimo sistemos išryškinami jų trūkumai ir privalumai. Atliktos analizės pagrindu sukuriama originali daugeliu duomenų šaltinių pagrįsta kompleksinio rizikos vertinimo metodologija ir aprašoma autoriaus suprojektuota informacinė sistema leidžianti vertinti ekstremalių įvykių grėsmes ir riziką. Sukurta metodologija apima kartografinės informacinės sistemos sudedamųjų dalių kūrimo ir diegimo metodiką. Aprašomi sistemos veikimui reikiamų duomenų tipai, jų surinkimas, ekstremalių įvykių duomenų bazės kaupimo principai, sukuriamas ekstremalių įvykių grėsmių skaičiavimo ir kelių grėsmių apjungimo į vieną sintetinę grėsmę modelis. Aprašomas rizikos ir grėsmės santykis ir rizikos vertinimo metodologija. Disertacijoje taip pat pateikiama visos sistemos, veikiančios Lietuvos geografinės informacijos infrastruktūroje, ir integruotos Lietuvos erdvinės informacijos portale projektas. Sistema išbandyta su Lietuvoje pasiekiamais ir realiai egzistuojančiais erdvinių duomenų rinkiniais. Pateikiami eksperimento metu gauti rezultatai, rodantys padidintų geologinių ir meteorologinių rizikos rajonus Lietuvoje. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos metodologinės ir praktinės išvados apie metodų ir sistemos pritaikymą, patikimumą ir atitikimą standartams.
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Hoover, Mark A. "Analysis of water quality in Lake Erie using GIS methods." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177438679.
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Eagleson, Serryn. "GIS applied to administrative boundary design /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001046.
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Eccles, Kristin M. "Applications of Geographic Information Systems in Landscape Ecotoxicology." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39504.
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Landscape ecotoxicology is the study of dose-response relationships to toxicants and integrating environmental factors across a defined landscape. In this thesis, I contributed new knowledge to the field of landscape ecotoxicology by adapting analytical methods to assess spatial patterns of chemical exposure among different wildlife keystone species, quantify the relationships between contaminant sources and exposures, and quantify dose-response relationships across large landscapes. Currently, there are few landscape ecotoxicology tools available for quantifying geospatial patterns of environmental toxicology data. To address this gap, I adapted spatial and statistical methods and demonstrated how they can be used to 1) integrate data and assess spatial patterns of contaminant exposure; 2) assess spatial patterns of exposure to complex mixtures; and 3) examine dose-response patterns across landscapes. I developed fur Hg as a biomarker medium as a non-invasive biomonitoring tool in river otter (Lontra canadensis) and mink (Neovison vison) by developing conversion factors that can be used to estimate internal organ Hg from fur Hg, using a meta-regression approach. Based on these results, I suggest that the fur Hg screening guideline be reduced from 20 ug/g to 15 ug/g to be more conservative. I also quantified how the distribution of fur Hg changes across the pelt of river otters. Results from this study indicate that topcoat should be used for biomonitoring as it is less variable than the undercoat and samples should be taken from the forebody (head and legs) for the most accurate organ Hg estimation. Using biomarkers of exposure, I quantified the relationship between sources of Hg and factors that promote Hg bioaccumulation with dietary Hg from stomach contents and fur Hg to establish fur as a proxy for bioavailability of environmental Hg. I also assessed spatial dose-response patterns between fur Hg and fur cortisol using a geographically weighted regression (GWR). Based on these results I use my proposed fur screening guideline of 15 µg/g to categorize fur Hg exposures and demonstrate that at low exposures (<15 µg/g) in fur, Hg has a positive relationship with cortisol. Conversely, at high exposures (>15 µg/g) in fur, Hg has a negative relationship with cortisol. This research provides a field example of heterogeneous dose-response relationships. Finally, I assessed spatial patterns of complex metal exposures in a variety of biomonitoring datasets. I used normalization and transformation techniques to effectively combine datasets comprised of different species and life stages. I then used a spatial principal components analysis (sPCA) to exemplify clusters of complex exposures associated with oil and gas development in regions of Alberta, Canada. These advancements in the field of landscape ecotoxicology will help advance evidence-based long-term ecological monitoring programs.
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Shesham, Sriharsha. "Integrating Expert System and Geographic Information System for Spatial Decision Making." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1216.
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Spatial decision making is a process of providing an effective solution for a problem that encompasses semi-structured spatial data. It is a challenging task which involves various factors to consider. For example, in order to build a new industry, an appropriate site must be selected for which several factors have to be taken into consideration. Some of the factors, which can affect the decision in this particular case, are air pollution, noise pollution, and distance from living areas, which makes the decision difficult. The geographic information systems (GIS) and the expert systems (ES) have many advantages in solving problems in their prospective areas. Integrating these two systems will benefit in solving spatial decision making problems. In the past, many researchers have proposed integrating systems which extracts the data from the GIS and saves it in the database for decision making. Most of the frameworks which have been developed were system dependent and are not properly structured. So it is difficult to search the data. This thesis proposes a framework which extracts the GIS data and processes it with the help of ES decision making capabilities to solve the spatial decision making problem. This framework is named GeoFilter. This research classifies various types of mechanisms that can be used to integrate these two systems.
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Hartt, Maxwell. "Geographic Information Systems and System Dynamics - Modelling the Impacts of Storm Damage on Coastal Communities." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19817.
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A spatial-temporal model is developed for modelling the impacts of simulated coastal zone storm surge and flooding using a combined spatial mapping and system dynamics approach. By coupling geographic information systems (GIS) and system dynamics, the interconnecting components of the spatial-temporal model are used with limited historical data to evaluate storm damage. Overlapping cumulative effects layers in GIS (ArcMap) are used for describing the coastal community’s profile, and a system dynamics feedback model (STELLA) is developed to define the interconnecting component relationships of the community. The component-wise changes to the physical environment, community infrastructure, and socioeconomic resources from the storm surge and seal level rise are examined. These changes are used to assess the impacts of the community system as a whole. For the purpose of illustrating this model, the research is applied specifically to the case of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, a vulnerable coastal city subject to considerable impacts from pending sea level rise and more frequent severe storm surge attributed to the changing climate in the coastal zone.
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McNinch, Michael D. "Geographic Information System Applications for Water Distribution Asset Management." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1254859492.
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Parsley, Scott. "Methodologies for distributed and higher dimensional geographic information." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/462.
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In today's digital era, cartography has changed its role, from that of a pure visual model of the Earth's surface, to an interface to other spatial and aspatial information. Along with this, representationa nd manipulation of graphical information in three-dimensional space is required for many applications. Problems and difficulties must be overcome in order to facilitate the move to three-dimensional models, multimedia, and distributed data. Can accurate measurements, at sufficient resolution, and using affordable resources be obtained? Will application software usefully process, in all aspects, models of the real world, sounds, and videos? Combined with this, the workplace is becoming distributed, requiring applications and data that can be used across the globe as easily as in the office. A distributed, three-dimensional, GIS is required with all the procedural and recording functionality of current two-dimensional systems. Such a GIS would maintain a model, typically comprised of solids of individual buildings, roads, utilities etc. with both external and internal detail, represented on a suitable digital terrain model. This research examines virtual reality software as part of an answer. Alternatively, can technologies such as HTML, VRML, and scripting, along with object-orientation and open systems, allow for the display and interrogation of networked data sets? The particular application of this technology, considered during this research, is the need for accurate reconstruction of historical urban monuments. The construction, manipulation, and exploration of these models is often referred to as virtual heritage. This research constructs an innovative and resource effective methodology, the Phoenix algorithm, which requires only a single image for creating three-dimensional models of buildings at large scale. The development of this algorithm is discussed and the results obtained from it are compared with those obtained using traditional three-dimensional capture techniques. Furthermore, possible solutions to the earlier questions are given and discussed.
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Caccetta, Peter A. "Remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and Bayesian knowledge-based methods for monitoring land condition." Thesis, Curtin University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/868.
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This thesis considers various aspects of the use of remote sensing, geographical information systems and Bayesian knowledge-based expert system technologies for broad-scale monitoring of land condition in the Western Australian wheat belt.The use of remote sensing technologies for land condition monitoring in Western Australia had previously been established by other researchers, although significant limitations in the accuracy of the results remain. From a monitoring perspective, this thesis considers approaches for improving the accuracy of land condition monitoring by incorporating other data into the interpretation process.Digital elevation data provide one potentially useful source of information. The use of digital elevation data are extensively considered here. In particular, various methods for deriving variables relating to landform from digital elevation data and remotely sensed data are reviewed and new techniques derived.Given that data from a number of sources may need to be combined in order to produce accurate interpretations of land use/condition, methods for combining data are reviewed. Of the many different approaches available, a Bayesian approach is adopted.The approach adopted is based on relatively new developments in probabilistic expert systems. This thesis demonstrates how these new developments provide a unified framework for uniting traditional classification methods and methods for integrating information from other spatial data sets, including data derived from digital elevation models, remotely sensed imagery and human experts.Two applications of the techniques are primarily considered. Firstly, the techniques are applied to the task of salinity mapping/ monitoring and compared to existing techniques. Large improvements are apparent. Secondly, the techniques are applied to salinity prediction, an application not previously considered by other researchers in this domain. The results are encouraging. Finally limitations of the approach are discussed.
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Vlado, Veldic. "GIS for spatial decision-making." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29747.
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Assimakopoulos, Dimitris G. "The Greek GIS community." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266121.
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Schuurman, Nadine Cato. "Critical GIS : theorizing an emerging science." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ48706.pdf.
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Rajguru, Chaitanya Shreeniwas. "Application of GIS in propagation prediction." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020256/.
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Caccetta, Peter A. "Remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and Bayesian knowledge-based methods for monitoring land condition." Curtin University of Technology, School of Computing, 1997. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11018.
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This thesis considers various aspects of the use of remote sensing, geographical information systems and Bayesian knowledge-based expert system technologies for broad-scale monitoring of land condition in the Western Australian wheat belt.The use of remote sensing technologies for land condition monitoring in Western Australia had previously been established by other researchers, although significant limitations in the accuracy of the results remain. From a monitoring perspective, this thesis considers approaches for improving the accuracy of land condition monitoring by incorporating other data into the interpretation process.Digital elevation data provide one potentially useful source of information. The use of digital elevation data are extensively considered here. In particular, various methods for deriving variables relating to landform from digital elevation data and remotely sensed data are reviewed and new techniques derived.Given that data from a number of sources may need to be combined in order to produce accurate interpretations of land use/condition, methods for combining data are reviewed. Of the many different approaches available, a Bayesian approach is adopted.The approach adopted is based on relatively new developments in probabilistic expert systems. This thesis demonstrates how these new developments provide a unified framework for uniting traditional classification methods and methods for integrating information from other spatial data sets, including data derived from digital elevation models, remotely sensed imagery and human experts.Two applications of the techniques are primarily considered. Firstly, the techniques are applied to the task of salinity mapping/ monitoring and compared to existing techniques. Large improvements are apparent. Secondly, the techniques are applied to salinity prediction, an application not previously considered by ++other researchers in this domain. The results are encouraging. Finally limitations of the approach are discussed.
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Chan, Tai On. "The dynamics of diffusion of corporate GIS /." Connect to thesis, 1998. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001055.
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Satyanarayana, V. G. "Analysis of transit service areas using geographic information systems." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1998. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020338/.
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Ladd, Patrick J. "A chronic problem, a contemporary solution : designing a GIS-based learning environment to improve geographic literacy /." View abstract, 2000. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1593.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2000.Thesis advisor: Peter A.K. Kyem. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [153-153]).
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Fenn, Tim. "Understanding & improving GIS software selection /." Click for abstract, 1998. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1490.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1998.Thesis advisor: Professor John Harmon. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves ix-xi.
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Jones, Marion. "Data integration issues for a farm GIS-based spatial decision support system." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2003. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/data-integration-issues-for-a-farm-gisbased-spatial-decision-support-system(43bb9d53-284a-407a-93fc-659e684a8a69).html.
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Farming has a unique role to play in shaping the landscape and enhancing our environment. In recent years, the industry has declined and no longer makes a significant contribution to the national economy. The impact of animal diseases such as BSE and Foot and Mouth has reduced consumer confidence in the quality of food produced. The UK Government, through the introduction of funding schemes, is aiding the recovery of the industry by encouraging farmers to diversify their farming enterprise. One option is the conversion from intensive to organic farming practices, a decision that involves a high level of risk and uncertainty. This research proposes a role for GIS as a decision support tool for a farm manager exploring the options for organic conversion. Where data is captured and held in multiple applications, the GIS-based Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) must integrate data and models. The use of the GIS must be intuitive, allowing the farm manager to explore different scenarios for land allocation effectively. The interface must allow the amendment of input parameters and present the results from each scenario in a clear, understandable format. This functionality raises important data handling issues that are investigated through the development of a prototype GIS. The identification and assessment of relevant datasets and the seamless integration of data are fundamental to the design of the GIS. Metadata, adhering to international guidelines, are identified as the chief means for discovering, exploring and acquiring spatial datasets from diverse sources. An assessment of the quality and accuracy of the data is essential if they are to be the basis for decision support. Interoperability issues are discussed and suggestions are proposed for the successful integration of data and models for the SDSS through the GIS interface. By providing a visual medium in which alternative strategies can be evaluated, the GIS will enhance the quality of the final decision made by the farm manager.
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Adams, Christiaan Scott 1973. "An interactive, online Geographic Information System (GIS) for stakeholder participation in environmental site selection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30073.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-116).
An interactive, online geographic information system (GIS) was developed to enhance the involvement of stakeholders in the public participation processes of site selection issues in the marine environment. Displaying educational material and interactive maps of relevant data, this new tool allows users to input personal preferences for the criteria they value in the siting decision, and produces a map showing the most and least suitable sites according to the user's weighting of the criteria. Current decision-making processes focus on finding an optimum solution from a number of alternatives using an objective analysis of the criteria, but are often inaccessible to many stakeholders, and do not consider the fairness of the outcome to the stakeholders. This tool is intended to educate stakeholders and enhance their involvement in the public decision-making process. To demonstrate the interactive, online GIS concept, a website called eSite was assembled, using as its case study the hypothetical issue of siting marine reserves within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Marine resource protection is a controversial issue with many stakeholders in New England, where fishing in the Gulf of Maine has a long history, and human activities have had significant impacts on the marine environment. Marine reserves are an emerging tool for protecting marine ecosystems and enhancing marine resources, and the siting of reserves is an important emerging issue. Pre and post-surveys were conducted as part of the demonstration site to evaluate eSite. It was shown to be effective at increasing understanding of marine reserves and was perceived as a useful tool in improving the decision-making process.
by Christiaan Scott Adams.
S.M.
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Tse, To-fun. "Integrating GIS into the geography curriculum of Hong Kong schools." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31940390.
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Peng, Huifeng. "Analysis of the Beijing Greenbelts Plan using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/h%5Fpeng%5F070705.pdf.
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Chen, Wei. "Developing a Framework for Geographic Question Answering Systems Using GIS, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, and Ontologies." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388065704.
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Jia, Xudong. "A client/server-based intelligent GIS shell for transportation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20756.
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Wei, Xinguo. "Object-oriented electric distribution system data modeling in a GIS context /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5845.
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CASAGRANDE, GIANLUCA. "Variable level semantics for advanced implementations in geographic information systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1400.
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Gli attuali Sistemi di Informazione Geografica consentono di sviluppare processi analitici e rappresentazioni estremamente sofisticati. La “visione del mondo” nel loro utilizzo, tuttavia, è ancora prevalentemente legata a quella che Adalberto Vallega definiva “grammatica razionalista” della geografia. Ciò è dovuto non tanto a limitazioni di natura tecnica, quanto al persistere di “costanti teoriche” nel processo di elaborazione. Alcuni studi, peraltro, hanno già dimostrato come gli attuali strumenti possano essere idonei a rappresentazioni di tipo non cartesiano.
L’attuale fase di sviluppo di queste tecnologie crea tuttavia i presupposti per nuove opportunità anche nel campo della grammatica umanistica. Oggi vengono intensamente ricercate l’interoperabilità, sia tecnica che semantica, e crescenti livelli di interattività e multimedialità nelle rappresentazioni.
La prima linea di progresso ha condotto al perfezionamento di applicazioni dotate di capacità semantiche; queste, se da un lato rispondono all’esigenza primaria di favorire la condivisione di conoscenza geografica, dall’altro hanno portato ad utili perfezionamenti nel campo dell’ "automatic reasoning" e delle concettualizzazioni di dominio in base a categorie qualitative.
La seconda linea di progresso conduce all’avvento di nuove modalità di fruizione dell’informazione geografica che consentono un sempre più efficace coinvolgimento dell’utilizzatore.
Future implementazioni avanzate di sistemi GIS che sviluppino ulteriormente entrambe le linee avranno il probabile effetto di permettere più facili transizioni da analisi quantitative a descrizioni qualitative. Così facendo, potranno contribuire ad una più completa e corretta rappresentazione della realtà geografica.Present-day Geographic Information Systems are capable of sophisticated analytical processes and representations. However, the “worldview” in their use is mainly connected to the scientific approach which Adalberto Vallega called the “rationalistic grammar of geography”. This is due to widespread “theoretical constants” more than to technical limitations. As a matter of fact, several studies have shown that the available tools can be used effectively to develop non-Cartesian geographic representations. The current development of GIS technologies creates new opportunities in the field of humanistic geography. Significant efforts are in progress: on the one hand, to foster technical and semantic interoperability; on the other hand, to develop more effective and interactive representations. The first development line led to the design of systems provided with semantic capabilities. Their main purpose, as of today, is the integration of knowledge derived from dispersed data sources. As a virtuous side effect, though, better tools and techniques for “automatic reasoning” and for quality-based domain conceptualizations are now available. The second development line is leading to the rise of new concepts about the representation of geographic reality beyond traditional cartographic approaches. Future, advanced GIS implementations, able to exploit the potential of technologies along these two development lines, are likely to give fundamental contributions to geographic science, by allowing easier transitions between quantitative analyses and qualitative descriptions.
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Dakowicz, Maciej. "A unified spatial data structure for GIS." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-unified-spatial-data-structure-for-gis(1e1d3b0e-586a-4b1d-9027-f03c61b30a68).html.
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Most GIS systems use separate thematic "layers" to store different types of spatial data. Each of them contains specific characteristics of the area, so there are separate layers for the distribution of buildings, the road network or the relief of the terrain. The spatial information used in GIS can be grouped into four main groups: polygonal maps, terrain models, networks and discrete, unconnected objects. Polygonal maps and terrain models are considered to be "field" models of space, covering the whole map, so there is some kind of information available at every location. On the other hand, networks and discrete objects are representations of the "object" model of space, in which the map is populated by entities and the space between them is empty. Choropleth maps are the most common examples of polygonal maps and the three main representations of terrain models are Triangular Irregular Networks (TINs), grids and contour lines. Networks consist of connected edges, while discrete objects can be points, lines or polygons. In networks, polygonal maps and surfaces there is some model of connectivity available. Polygons are adjacent to each other, as are the elements in terrain models. Network data is connected along the edges and junctions are defined. Unconnected objects need have no connectivity information, but in that case the possible spatial queries are limited. The layers can be stacked on top of each other to perform various operations and analyses on them. However, there is no consistent method applicable to all data types because GIS has traditionally separated field and object layers and used different data structures to represent them. This thesis presents a unified spatial data model for these most common types of spatial information and intends to show that it has clear advantages for geographical analysis. The idea is to represent discrete object models as fields, so there is information available at all locations. The model is based on the Voronoi Diagram (VD) and the dual Delaunay Triangulation (DT), two well studied geometric structures. Depending on the application it may be appropriate to represent the data on the map by the simple VD/DT, or their derivatives - the Constrained DT (CDT), the Line Segment VD (LSVD) or the crust and the skeleton. All of these are directly related to each other and may be handled in a single manner in the computer. Algorithms and the storage of these various forms of the VD using the quad-edge data structure is described. This structure may be updated locally, and dynamic algorithms for each of these representations are presented. This allows for the development of a common interactive framework for what are traditionally considered to be distinct data types. The unified model is illustrated by a variety of GIS applications, and the implementation of several traditional GIS operations and queries is discussed.
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Sener, Basak. "Landfill Site Selection By Using Geographic Information Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605409/index.pdf.
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One of the serious and growing potential problems in most large urban areas is the shortage of land for waste disposal. Although there are some efforts to reduce and recover the waste, disposal in landfills is still the most common
method for waste destination. An inappropriate landfill site may have negative environmental, economic and ecological impacts. Therefore, it should be selected carefully by considering both regulations and constraints on other
sources. In this study, candidate sites for an appropriate landfill area in the vicinity of Ankara are determined by using the integration of Geographic Information Systems and Multicriteria Decision Analysis. For this purpose, sixteen input map layers including topography, settlements (urban centers and villages), roads (Highway E90 and village roads), railways, airport, wetlands, infrastructures (pipelines and power lines), slope, geology, land use, floodplains, aquifers and surface water are prepared and two different MCDA methods
(Simple Additive Weighting and Analytic Hierarchy Process) are implemented in GIS environment. Comparison of the maps produced by these two different methods shows that both methods yield conformable results. Field checks also
confirm that the candidate sites agree well with the selected criteria.
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Sirinyildiz, Tunc. "Integration Of Geophysical - Geological Data Using Geographic Information Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1206374/index.pdf.
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This study attempts to integrate geophysical data with other spatial data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study is carried out in a part of Galatean Volcanic Province, north of Ankara. Gravity, magnetic, topographic, rock type and volcanic eruption center data are the data layers used in the study. All data layers are converted to raster format with a grid spacing of 100 m.
The first step in the analysis is the pair-wise analyses of all data layers. For the geophysical data, different layers for the depths of 1 to 5 km are generated. All paired analyses indicate that geophysical and other data sets are correlative among each other but show no relationship for any two layers from different sets.
In the second step of the analyses, two geophysical data are combined and overlaid with layers from the other set. These analyses indicate that relationship between geophysical data with other spatial data becomes more evident and that the geophysical data can be successfully integrated with other data sets. Accuracy of the results is highly dependent on the accuracy of both data sets. Analyses have shown GIS can contribute to the investigation of spatial distribution of buried planar structures using geophysical data.
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Epperson, Ann E. "Internet GIS as a Historic Place-Making Tool for Mammoth Cave National Park." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/227.
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This project laid the groundwork for an Internet-delivered Public Participation Geographic Information System to facilitate exploration and discovery of the past communities of the Mammoth Cave Park area. The emergence of Internet Web 2.0 design along with distributed GIS services allows for anyone to interact with and add to the information found on central Internet sites. Historical geography often relies upon public participation from individuals outside the academic world to provide narrative descriptions, photographs and manuscripts of past places and events to augment information held by institutions and academia. A public-participation website for the Mammoth Cave Historic GIS (MCHGIS) created a central Internet location for dispersed and disparate data related to pre-park communities to be presented with a geographic context. The MCHGIS project allowed for visualization of the pre-park communities in unique ways and contributed new understandings of this pre-park area.
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Almarhoon, Zahra M. B. S. "Geographic Variation in the Utilization of Antihyperglycemic Therapies in the U.S. Medicaid Program at State-Level Using Geographic Information System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553618550167677.
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Shekhawat, Pururajsingh. "Geographical Information System (GIS) web applications for data visualization of Drinking Water pipelines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84529.
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Robust decision support tools that aid water utilities to make informed, swift and precise decisions are becoming the need of the hour. Application of sophisticated models to aid the process of condition assessment and risk analysis on water pipelines have been limited owing to the lack of scalability, inability to incorporate external open source datasets and mathematically complicated output results. Interactive visualization of resultant model output is the key element in extracting valuable information to support decision making. This thesis presents a framework for visualization of data related to drinking water pipelines. Critical components of strategic, tactical and operational level decision making are explored in context with data presentation and information depiction. This thesis depicts various aspects of developing GIS web applications and their important functionalities for query and visualization of data. Multiple facets of data storage, standardization and application development are highlighted in this document. Publishing of application geo processing services in web environment is done through Virginia Tech enterprise geodatabase. Risk assessment and Performance models developed by a utility are projected in the application environment through help of widgets. Applications are coded into links on a Drupal website (www.pipeid.org) for model dissemination and utility engagement purposes.Master of Science
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Rock, Amy E. "Identifying the spatial patterns of homelessness in Summit County, Ohio using GIS." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou----------.
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Preston, Richard Michael. "RADGIS - an improved architecture for runtime-extensible, distributed GIS applications." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006497.
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A number of GIS architectures and technologies have emerged recently to facilitate the visualisation and processing of geospatial data over the Web. The work presented in this dissertation builds on these efforts and undertakes to overcome some of the major problems with traditional GIS client architectures, including application bloat, lack of customisability, and lack of interoperability between GIS products. In this dissertation we describe how a new client-side GIS architecture was developed and implemented as a proof-of-concept application called RADGIS, which is based on open standards and emerging distributed component-based software paradigms. RADGIS reflects the current trend in development focus from Web browser-based applications to customised clients, based on open standards, that make use of distributed Web services. While much attention has been paid to exposing data on the Web, there is growing momentum towards providing “value-added” services. A good example of this is the tremendous industry interest in the provision of location-based services, which has been discussed as a special use-case of our RADGIS architecture. Thus, in the near future client applications will not simply be used to access data transparently, but will also become facilitators for the location-transparent invocation of local and remote services. This flexible architecture will ensure that data can be stored and processed independently of the location of the client that wishes to view or interact with it. Our RADGIS application enables content developers and end-users to create and/or customise GIS applications dynamically at runtime through the incorporation of GIS services. This ensures that the client application has the flexibility to withstand changing levels of expertise or user requirements. These GIS services are implemented as components that execute locally on the client machine, or as remote CORBA Objects or EJBs. Assembly and deployment of these components is achieved using a specialised XML descriptor. This XML descriptor is written using a markup language that we developed specifically for this purpose, called DGCML, which contains deployment information, as well as a GUI specification and links to an XML-based help system that can be merged with the RADGIS client application’s existing help system. Thus, no additional requirements are imposed on object developers by the RADGIS architecture, i.e. there is no need to rewrite existing objects since DGCML acts as a runtime-customisable wrapper, allowing existing objects to be utilised by RADGIS. While the focus of this thesis has been on overcoming the above-mentioned problems with traditional GIS applications, the work described here can also be applied in a much broader context, especially in the development of highly customisable client applications that are able to integrate Web services at runtime.