Dissertations / Theses: 'Geographic Information System and Science (GIS)'

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Schuurman, Nadine Cato. "Critical GIS : theorizing an emerging science." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ48706.pdf.

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Woodard, John R. "BUILDING AN ENTERPRISE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMFROM ANENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE FOUNDATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1486043725320901.

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Chen, Wei. "Developing a Framework for Geographic Question Answering Systems Using GIS, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, and Ontologies." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388065704.

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Shesham, Sriharsha. "Integrating Expert System and Geographic Information System for Spatial Decision Making." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1216.

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Spatial decision making is a process of providing an effective solution for a problem that encompasses semi-structured spatial data. It is a challenging task which involves various factors to consider. For example, in order to build a new industry, an appropriate site must be selected for which several factors have to be taken into consideration. Some of the factors, which can affect the decision in this particular case, are air pollution, noise pollution, and distance from living areas, which makes the decision difficult. The geographic information systems (GIS) and the expert systems (ES) have many advantages in solving problems in their prospective areas. Integrating these two systems will benefit in solving spatial decision making problems. In the past, many researchers have proposed integrating systems which extracts the data from the GIS and saves it in the database for decision making. Most of the frameworks which have been developed were system dependent and are not properly structured. So it is difficult to search the data. This thesis proposes a framework which extracts the GIS data and processes it with the help of ES decision making capabilities to solve the spatial decision making problem. This framework is named GeoFilter. This research classifies various types of mechanisms that can be used to integrate these two systems.

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Wikgren, Brooke C. "A Report: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Intern and Assistant Scientist with the Marine GIS Research Group at the New England Aquarium." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1290124556.

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Talwar, Sonia. "Spatializing science and technology studies : exploring the role of GIS and interactive social research." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/755.

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This thesis is an interdisciplinary study based on the interplay between science, technology and society in order to inform the design of knowledge exploration systems. It provides a rationale for the integration of science knowledge, geographic information, with digital libraries to build knowledge and awareness about sustainability. A theoretical reconceptualization of knowledge building is provided that favours interactive engagement with information and argues against a traditional model of science production and communication that is linear and unidirectional. The elements of contextualization, classification and communication form the core of the reconceptualization. Since many information systems entrench the traditional model of science production, the three elements are considered in light of library and information science and geographic information science. The use of geographic information systems is examined to identify how they can be used as part of a social learning model for scientific, social, cultural, and environmental issues to further assist people in connecting to place and sustainability. Empirical data was collected from four case studies. One case study centred on the design and development of a web-based digital library called the Georgia Basin Digital Library, another two case studies focused on the use of part of this digital library with youth, senior and environmental groups in south-western British Columbia. The remaining case study observed a community deliberation to consider how knowledge exploration systems might support deliberation in future processes. The case study research confirms that collaborative research with communities is a fruitful way to engage with sustainability issues. Such collaborations require consideration of institutional arrangements, information collections, relationship building, technology transfer and capacity building.

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Stratton, Richard D. "A Geographic Information System Assessment Method for Fire Management: Identifying Fire Danger Areas." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7323.

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In partnership with the USDA Forest Service and the Utah Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to create a wildland fire assessment methodology. GIS layers (or themes) include topography, infrastructure, vegetation, climate, "sensitive" natural values, and fire history. Two phases of assessment are presented: a preliminary analysis designed for planning use at the landscape level, and a detailed analysis for site-specific use. Results of the phase 1 assessment are density grids delineating areas of high fire occurrence and suggesting to managers where a phase 2 assessment is needed. By using the environmental, human, and topographic information listed earlier, probability maps of wildland fire occurrence were developed with a GIS and multiple logistic regression. In both cases, high fire danger areas can be overlaid with protection areas (natural or human-made value areas) to identify critical fire danger areas. Because GIS is commonly used in land management, it facilitates the sharing and updating of geographic information between resource professionals of different agencies and organizations. Local officials will be able to use GIS spatial and tabular data for planning, zoning, and fire ordinance development. Land management specialists can locate, prioritize, and target high and critical fire danger areas for presuppression mitigation efforts such as prescribed fires, defensible-space projects, and fire-break construction (e.g., greenbelts, parkways). Furthermore, GIS assessment layers can be manipulated and exported to create the required raster GIS data themes for FARSITE (a fire growth simulator). Fire managers will be able to spatially predict fire spread, intensity, and behavior under complex topographic and climatic conditions. This method, combined with the expertise of fire specialists, offers an improved and cost-effective assessment technique for wildland fire management.

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Epperson, Ann E. "Internet GIS as a Historic Place-Making Tool for Mammoth Cave National Park." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/227.

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This project laid the groundwork for an Internet-delivered Public Participation Geographic Information System to facilitate exploration and discovery of the past communities of the Mammoth Cave Park area. The emergence of Internet Web 2.0 design along with distributed GIS services allows for anyone to interact with and add to the information found on central Internet sites. Historical geography often relies upon public participation from individuals outside the academic world to provide narrative descriptions, photographs and manuscripts of past places and events to augment information held by institutions and academia. A public-participation website for the Mammoth Cave Historic GIS (MCHGIS) created a central Internet location for dispersed and disparate data related to pre-park communities to be presented with a geographic context. The MCHGIS project allowed for visualization of the pre-park communities in unique ways and contributed new understandings of this pre-park area.

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Brundage, Robert. "Implementing an archival GIS template utilizing ARCMAP GIS software and the personal geodatabase a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of master of science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BrundageRobert/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on February 13, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Al-Ani, Haider Abdul Wahhab Hamdan. "Digital Geotechnical Maps and Classification of Soil Engineering Properties by Using GIS." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367143.

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Peat is a highly organic and extremely compressible soil. The Surfers Paradise study site area (Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, located between 27.98° and 28.01° Southing, and between 153.41° and 153.43° Easting (based on the projection of Universal Transverse Mercator UTM zone 56) has a problematic multi thickness peat layer. The peat layer ranges from 0.1 – 7.0 m at different locations and at depths between 1.1 – 40.9 m below the ground surface. To avoid the effects of the highly compressible and low shear strength peat layer, the buildings in the study area have pile foundations. The site, which lies on the beach side, has the tallest high rise buildings and skyscrapers on the Gold Coast (e.g. the Q1 Tower, Queensland’s tallest building at the time of the study); it was also considered the tallest building in Australia. The literature review was undertaken to gain a geotechnical overview of problematic peaty soils in relation to the construction of buildings over such soils. The review was divided into three categories: (1) geology of the Gold Coast; (2) engineering properties of peat (organic layer) and its effects on the engineering design; and (3) Geographic Information System (GIS) implementation in the field of the geotechnical engineering, as well as its suitability to characterise the soil profile in the production of GIS based digital zonation maps.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Meyer, Eric William. "Performing Location Allocation Measures with a GIS for Fire Stations in Toledo, Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321306102.

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Blinn, Christopher Michael. "Creation of a Spatial Decision Support System as a Risk Assessment Tool Based on Kentucky Tornado Climatology." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1153.

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Tornadoes are one of Mother Nature’s deadliest phenomena. They affect a large region of the United States. The risk of tornadoes is contingent on dynamic atmospheric conditions that are most likely during spring but which can occur anytime of the year, making the storms challenging to forecast. Using geographical information systems (GIS), a web-based spatial decision support system (SDSS) was created to help understand the spatial dimension of tornado risk assessment. The risk values are calculated using Tornado Days rather than taking a crude density measurement. The SDSS hosts GIS web services that are displayed on an Adobe Flex application. The web application allows users to view, research, query and extract information from the attributes of the GIS files. There is also a dynamic risk tool which gives users the ability to click anywhere inside the study area and get the percentage of risk that a tornado will occur within 25 miles of that very point. The web application eliminates users and viewers from conducting their own research and GIS work. In addition, automated updating models and macros were created to update the tornado database on an annual basis.

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Naicker, Isayvani. "Geographic information system (GIS) integration of geological, geochemical and geophysical data from the Aggeneys base metal province, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22549.

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Geographic Information System (GIS) technology aids in storage, manipulation, processing, analysis and presentation of spatial data sets. GIS can effectively interrogate large multidisciplinary exploration data sets in the search for new mineral exploitation targets. A spatial database, the AGGeneys Exploration Database (AGGED), has been created, comprising exploration data gathered during two decades of exploration for base-metals in the Aggeneys area, Bushmanland, South Africa. AGGED includes data extracted from analog maps, as well as digital remotely sensed sources, stored in vector and raster data structures, respectively. Vector data includes field based observations such as the extent of outcropping geological units, litho- and chrono-stratigraphic data; structural data; laboratory data based on regional geochemical stream sediment and traverse sampling; cadastral data and known mineral occurrences. Raster data includes Landsat satellite TM imagery and airborne magnetic data. Spatial variation within single data maps are examined. Spatial correlation between three different data maps are facilitated using colour analysis of hue, saturation and value components in a perceptual colour model. Simultaneously combining lead and zinc data with Landsat TM and geophysical magnetic data spatially delineates four new "geoscience" anomalies in the area under investigation. Two distinctive anomalies occur on the farms Aroams and Aggeneys. The Aroams anomaly (GSAl) has not been previously recognised, whereas the Aggeneys anomaly (GSA2) has been located before. The two other "geoscience" anomalies, on the farm Haramoep (GSA3 and GSA4 ), are slightly less distinct. Overlaying fold axial trace patterns and anomalies on the farm Haramoep, indicate that F2 and F3 fold structures are closely associated with these two anomalies. The location of the Aroams anomaly occurs along the same east-west trend of the four known major ore-deposits viz. Big Syncline, Broken Hill, Black Mountain and Gamsberg. Extrapolating F2 and F3 fold patterns using magnetic data locates this Aroams anomaly along the F3 axial trace extending from Big Syncline through to Gamsberg. The elevated Pb-Zn geochemical anomaly and structural data associated with the Aroams anomaly makes it a promising future exploitation target. The AGGED database can be expanded both in geographic extent to include surrounding areas, and to allow for inclusion of future surveys. Analytical processing of data in AGGED can also be continued and expanded. GIS is a burgeoning field and developments in GIS technology will impact on the explorationist. Developments in object-oriented and knowledge-based database technologies, visualisation techniques and artificial intelligence, incorporated in future GIS need to be closely monitored and evaluated by geoscience explorationists.

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Bennett, Janette E. "Conceptual and application issues in the implementation of object-oriented GIS." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2894.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 68 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-57).

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Junge, Justin Andrew. "GIS Spatial Analysis of Arctic Settlement Patterns| A Case Study in Northwest Alaska." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600719.

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Archaeologists have been interested in relationship between environmental variability and cultural change for the last six decades. By understanding how, when, and why humans adapt to environmental change, archaeologists and anthropologists can better understand the development and complexity of human cultures. In northwest Alaska, archaeologists hypothesize that environmental variability was a major factor in both growing coastal population density, with large aggregated villages and large houses, between 1000 and 500 years ago (ya), and subsequent decreasing population density between 500 ya and the contact era. After 500 ya people are thought to have dispersed to smaller settlements with smaller house sizes in coastal areas, and perhaps, upriver. This settlement pattern was identified through research at four site locations over 30 years ago. The changing geographic distribution of sites, associated settlement size, and house size has not been examined in detail. A more careful examination of changing northwest Alaskan settlement patterns is needed before larger questions about socio-economic organization can be addressed. I use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate the evidence for a geographic redistribution of Arctic peoples during the Late Holocene.

I constructed a database of settlement location and site attribute information, specifically the number of houses within each settlement and the size (m²). Data were collected from a dataset of Western Arctic National Parklands (WEAR), the Alaska Heritage Resource Survey (AHRS) database of archaeological sites in Alaska, 409 unpublished site reports and field notes curated by the National Park Service (NPS) and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and the results of recent fieldwork in northwest Alaska. A total of 486 settlements were identified within the northwest Alaska with 128 settlements having temporal and site attribute data.

I incorporated settlement size data into a GIS database and then carried out global, Moran’s I, local Moran’s I, and local Getis-Ord spatial analyses to test whether settlement redistribution occurred and if key settlement locations shifted after 500 ya. The site attribute data (number of houses and average size of houses) are used to test the additional aspects of the proposed settlement pattern change after 500 ya. A total of 83 settlements with 465 houses are used to test if the average size of settlements and average house size changed after 500 ya.

The results of the spatial analyses indicate no statistically significant patterns in the spatial distribution of settlements. Site attribute analysis shows no statistical difference in the average number of houses per village or the average size of houses before or after 500 ya. The results of this work build our understanding of regional settlement patterns during the late Holocene. By testing settlement pattern change, i.e. settlement distribution, settlement size, and house size, future research into settlement pattern change can begin to evaluate likely causes for the observed changes. My method, specifically the use of GIS as a method for testing settlement pattern change, can be applied to other regions and temporal scales.

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Fowler, Brandon. "Understanding Colombian Violence Through Geographic Information Systems and Statistical Approaches." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1229.

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In 2002, Colombia had the highest homicide rate of any Latin American country(Berkman, 2007). The origins of this violence, however, are complex and difficult to identify. It would be sensible to argue that it cannot be explained by any one particular factor, but rather an assortment of many factors that wholly represent the social, economic, and political conditions of Colombia. By better understanding the origins of Colombian violence, policy makers can more effectively address and alleviate this prolonged issue. This study examines the geographic nature of municipal homicide rates for Colombia in 2005. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are any discernible patterns in the geographic distribution of homicide rates across Colombia at the municipal level. It also aims to determine what combination of statistically significant predictors, if any, generates acceptable regression models for predicting the distribution of homicide rates. Spatial autocorrelation methods, particularly Global and Local Moran’s I statistics, were used to identify the clusters of high-value homicide rates. Regression models, specifically OLS and GWR, were utilized to examine the relationships between homicide rates and an assortment of geographic factors, including Coca Cultivation Density, Presidential Election Participation Rate, Displaced Persons Rate, Standard of Living Index, Terrain Ruggedness Index, FARC Armed Actions Rate, andPublic Force Armed Actions Rate. The results of this study indicate that clusters of high-value homicide rates were indeed located in the northern, southern, western, and central regions of Colombia. Among the aforementioned geographic factors, Coca Cultivation Density, Displaced Persons Rate, Standard of Living Index, Terrain Ruggedness Index, FARC Armed Actions Rate, and Public Force Armed Actions Rate all exhibited positive correlations. The variable exhibiting a negative correlation was the Presidential Election Participation Rate.

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Hanby, Courtney Leigh. "Use of a geographic information system (GIS) to examine bottlenose dolphin community structure in southeastern North Carolina /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/hanbyc/courtneyhanby.pdf.

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Hoffer, Justin Eugene. "Exploring the Presence of Oil Skimmers in the US: An Application of Geographic Information System for the Needs of the US Coast Guard's Marine Environmental Response." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399238959.

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Nikfal, Mohammadreza. "Developing a Soil Moisture-Based Irrigation Scheduling Tool (SMIST) Using Web-GIS Technology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157621/.

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Software as a service (SaaS) is a primary working pattern and a significant application model for next generation Internet application. Web GIS services are the new generation of the Software as a service that can provide the hosted spatial data and GIS functionalities to the practical customized applications. This study focused on developing a webGIS based application, Soil Moisture-Based Irrigation Scheduling Tool (SMIST), for predicting soil moisture in the next seven days using the soil moisture diagnostic equation (SMDE) and the upcoming seven precipitation forecasts made by the National Weather Service (NWS), and ultimately producing an accurate irrigation schedule based on the predicted soil moisture. The SMIST is expected to be capable of improving the irrigation efficiency to protect groundwater resources in the Texas High Plains and reducing the cost of energy for pumping groundwater for irrigation, as an essential public concern in this area. The SMIST comprised an integration of web-based programs, a Hydrometeorological model, GIS, and geodatabase. It integrates two main web systems, the soil moisture estimating web application for irrigation scheduling based on the soil moisture diagnostic equation (SMDE), and an agricultural field delineation webGIS application to prepare input data and the model parameters. The SMIST takes advantage of the latest historical and forecasted precipitation data to predict soil moisture in the user-specified agricultural field(s). In this regard, the next seven days soil moisture versus the soil moisture threshold for normal growth would be presented in the result page of the SMIST to help users to adjust irrigation rate and sequence.

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Hartkorn, Janice M. "Using Geographic Information Systems to Select Sites for Wetland Restoration in West Central Ohio’s Agricultural Areas." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1208432317.

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Schafer, Sarah E. "A GIS Connection between Brownfield Sites, Transportation and Infrastructure: An Economic Redevelopment Tool for Toledo-Lucas County, Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321197692.

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Alrwais, Omer Abdulaziz. "Towards a New GIS Maturity Model: An Organizational Usage Perspective." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/100.

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The first condition required for an Information Technology (IT) system to produce value is that it be used by its designated target group of users. Despite the prevalence of “system use” in IS literature, it has been often limited to the individual level. The organizational perspective is rarely considered. This dissertation focuses on system usage in the GIS domain through an organizational lens. GIS is a technology with the potential to transform government by enhancing business processes and providing a platform to manage spatial and non-spatial data, which is expected to result in better decision-making. However, little is known about how this technology is actually implemented organization-wide and the environment surrounding its use. Current GIS maturity models have not examined this usage broadly or in depth. These models lack empirical validation and measurement tools to diagnose maturity are not readily available. Based on GIS, maturity models, and system usage literature, this dissertation presents a more comprehensive maturity model for evaluating local government usage of GIS along with a measurement tool. This work followed De Bruin et al., (2005) guidelines for developing maturity models. This new model was discussed with practitioners and academics, was pilot-tested, and then widely tested by Southern California local governments through an online questionnaire. Results show support for the validity of the proposed maturity model and demonstrate its utility. This dissertation revealed that system, task, user, organization and GIS department are viable dimensions of GIS usage from an organizational perspective. Results suggest that increasing actual GIS usage leads to an increase in GIS value. Results further show that the efficiency and effectiveness benefits of GIS are mostly realized; however, the societal benefits of GIS are small.

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Andersson, Claes. "Generering och testning av geografiskt data inom GIS." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36226.

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Enhetstestning mot databaser inriktade mot geografiska informationssystem kan vara ett komplicerat arbete att utföra. Det innebär både att ha tillgång till användbart data samt att använda verktyg för att utföra dessa tester på. Denna studie har undersökt hur data bestående av ytor kan genereras och hur verktyg inriktade på enhetstestning mot databaser kan användas för att uppnå en förbättrad arbetsmetodik för enhetstestning mot databaser. Arbetet har resulterat i förslag på metoder som kan användas för att generera geografiska data. En applikation har utvecklats för att generera dessa data. Dessutom har en metod för att genomföra enhetstester mot en postgreSQL databas, baserad på verktyget pgTAP, presenterats. Föreslagna metoder kan möjliggöra en förbättring av arbetsmetodiken vid enhetstestning mot databasermen det finns fortfarande många förbättringar att utforska.

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Walter, Brittany. "Integrating Differential Global Positioning Systems and Geographic Information Systems for Analysis and Mapping of Skeletal Dispersals." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5550.

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Scene mapping is an integral part of processing a forensic scene with scattered human remains. By utilizing the appropriate mapping technique, investigators can accurately document the location of human remains and maintain a precise geospatial record of this evidence at a scene. Global positioning system (GPS) units have been used for years to survey the spatial distribution of large-scale archaeological sites. However, differential global positioning (DGPS) unit now provide decreased positional error suitable for small-scale surveys, such as forensic scenes. Because of the lack of knowledge concerning this utility in mapping a scene, controlled research is necessary to determine the practicality of using DGPS in mapping scattered human remains in different environments. The purpose of this research is to quantify the accuracy of a DGPS unit for mapping skeletal dispersals and to determine the applicability of this utility in mapping dispersed remains. First, the accuracy of the DGPS unit was determined using known survey markers in different environments. Secondly, several simulated scenes were constructed and mapped in open, tree-covered, and structure-obstructed environments using the DGPS. Factors considered included the extent of the dispersal, data collection time, and the use of offsets. Data were differentially postprocessed and compared in a geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the most efficient recordation methods. Results of this study show that the DGPS is a viable option for mapping human remains in open areas. Furthermore, guidelines for accurate scene mapping using a DGPS unit will be provided, along with a discussion concerning the integration of DGPS into GIS for scene analysis and presentation.
M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology

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Cromley, Gordon A. "Destroying the Jungle Republic: Counterinsurgency Theory and the Environment in South Vietnam (1967-1969)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564697803934883.

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Zhang, Li, and Xi Ren. "A two-factor evaluation of bus delays based on GIS-T database and simulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7985.

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During the urbanization process, vehicles quantity increase with expansion in population. Under this situation, bus transportation system also suffers from bus delay. Bus delay could be caused by a series of factors, for instance, overload passengers, traffic jam, traffic accident and other unpredictable situations. Therefore, choosing crucial elements to efficiently evaluate bus delay is a complex problem in bus delay researches and operation management. The thesis propose an approach to evaluate and explain bus delay by two elements: traffic congestion and passengers’ waiting time. Those two elements would represent the action of external and internal factors on bus operation. This approach could be adaptive to explain the reasons for bus delays, thus to help the optimization of bus lines and give useful information for decision making of transportation company. To achieve the research aim, a GIS-T database was created by combining the GIS database and TIS database. Spatial data as well as attribute data are combined in the database to represent the crucial information for bus delay. Based on GIS-T the database, the impact of traffic congestion and passengers’ waiting time was calculated using the bus line simulation. By implementing the above steps, the main cause of bus delay was studied. A case study application of this method is narrated; focusing on optimize the bus system of Guiyang city, South China. Different methods are used to find out the problem of system and the reason for delay. Moreover, optimization suggestion is proposed according to result. Compared with other methods, the two-factor method has the advantage of locating the reason of delay for each station. The time performance is not superior to other methods. By comparing the situation of adjacent station, the proportion of traffic congestion and overload passenger in bus delay was determined. The two-factor method is applicable for other transit system in different cities which has similar structure as Guiyang. However, for cities with other structure, a feasibility should be made to select an appropriate model.

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Wells, Kristen. "The Development and Use of a Geographic Information System for Evaluating the Association between Pesticide Exposure and Prostate Cancer." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2243.

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Abstract 1 – A Geographic Information System for Evaluating Residential Pesticide Exposure and Prostate Cancer Incidence Agricultural pesticide exposure is hypothesized to be a risk factor for prostate cancer, and such exposures are of particular concern for men living in farming communities where large-scale pesticide applications occur. Prostate cancer incidence data were obtained from the State Health Registry of Iowa for the years 1996 through 2006, and county and census tract level age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Historical crop-specific land use records and pesticide sales data for the state of Iowa during 1990 were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS), where estimates of predicted exposure to the four most commonly used pesticides in Iowa (atrazine, metolachlor, cyanazine, alachlor) were produced. Ecological correlation between pesticide exposure and prostate cancer incidence was evaluated using Spearman’s (rank) correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Statistically significant associations between prostate cancer incidence and percent of acres of corn and soybean crops were found at both the county (r=0.22, p=.031 and r=0.33, p=.001, respectively) and census tract (r=0.10, p=.007 and r=0.13, p<.001, respectively) level. The associations between percent of land exposed to the specific pesticides and prostate cancer were not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that residential proximity to corn and soybean fields, and by association the pesticides used on those crops, is correlated with increased prostate cancer risk, but that the increase in risk is not correlated with exposure to the four most commonly used pesticides in Iowa in 1990. Findings from this study underscore the need for continued investigation of the association between agricultural exposures and prostate cancer incidence. Abstract 2 – Spatial Analysis of Prostate Cancer Incidence and Residential Pesticide Exposure in Iowa A statistically significant positive association between prostate cancer incidence and residential proximity to corn and soybean fields in Iowa exists. Research suggests that exposure to pesticides used on these crops increases prostate cancer risk. The objective of this study was to investigate clustering of prostate cancer risk in the presence of potential exposure to pesticides in Iowa. Prostate cancer incidence data (1996-2006) were obtained from the State Health Registry of Iowa. Using SaTScan software, clusters of high and low prostate cancer risk were identified. Ecological correlation between exposure to the four most commonly used pesticides (atrazine, metolachlor, cyanazine, alachlor) in Iowa during 1990 and residence in a cluster of relatively high or low prostate cancer incidence was evaluated using Pearson’s chi-square test statistic and logistic regression analysis. Clusters of increased prostate cancer risk were associated with a greater percentage of land used for all crops of interest (i.e., corn and soybean farming (p <0.001), corn farming (p <0.001), soybean farming (p <0.001)) and low exposure to alachlor (p =0.032) than did clusters with decreased risk of prostate cancer. After adjustment for percent of land used for each crop type, no association between pesticide exposure and prostate cancer risk was observed. Residence in or near agricultural communities increases prostate cancer risk. Our findings suggest that residential proximity to exposures specific to corn and soybean farming increases prostate cancer risk. Evaluation of exposure to less commonly used pesticides and those used in lower quantities is needed. Abstract 3 – Multilevel Analysis of Residential Pesticide Exposure and Prostate Cancer Incidence An association between residential exposure to factors specific to corn and soybean farms in Iowa exists. The objectives of this study were to statistically assess spatial autocorrelation in prostate cancer incidence in Iowa and to evaluate the effect of residential exposure to the most commonly used pesticides for corn and soybean farms in Iowa in 1990 on prostate cancer incidence. Prostate cancer incidence data were obtained from the State Health Registry of Iowa for the years 1996 through 2006. Spatial patterning of age-adjusted incidence rates was assessed via Moran’s I global index of spatial autocorrelation. A hierarchical regression modeling approach with an assumed Poisson distribution was used to characterize the relationship between census tract level prostate cancer incidence and exposure to pesticides. Statistically significant spatial patterning of prostate cancer incidence, corn and soybean fields and pesticide use (p<.001 for all variables) was observed. After adjustment for individual and area level characteristics, prostate cancer risk increased by approximately 25% for each percentage point increase in percent of land used for corn and soybean crops. Prostate cancer risk was approximately 25% higher for Black men exposed to corn and soybean fields compared to white men exposed to corn and soybean fields. Results from this study support the need for further evaluation of residential exposure to environmental hazards specific to corn and soybean farming.

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McLean, Chris. "Potential release site sediment concentrations related to storm water station runoff through GIS modeling a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2005. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/McLeanChris/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2005.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on January 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Okalp, Kivanc. "Soil Erosion Risk Mapping Using Geographic Information Systems: A Case Study On Kocadere Creek Watershed, Izmir." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606783/index.pdf.

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Soil erosion is a major global environmental problem that is increasing year by year in Turkey. Preventing soil erosion requires political, economic and technical actions
before these actions we must learn properties and behaviors of our soil resources. The aims of this study are to estimate annual soil loss rates of a watershed with integrated models within GIS framework and to map the soil erosion risk for a complex terrain. In this study, annual soil loss rates are estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) that has been used for five decades all over the world. The main problem in estimating the soil loss rate is determining suitable slope length parameters of USLE for complex terrains in grid based approaches. Different algorithms are evaluated for calculating slope length parameters of the study area namely Kocadere Creek Watershed, which can be considered as a complex terrain. Hickey&
#8217
s algorithm gives more reliable topographic factor values than Mitasova&
#8217
s and Moore&
#8217
s. Satellite image driven cover and management parameter (C) determination is performed by scaling NDVI values to approximate C values by using European Soil Bureau&
#8217
s formula. After the estimation of annual soil loss rates, watershed is mapped into three different erosion risk classes (low, moderate, high) by using two different classification approaches: boolean and fuzzy classifications. Fuzzy classifications are based on (I) only topographic factor and, (II) both topographic and C factors of USLE. By comparing three different classified risk maps, it is found that! in the study area topography dominates erosion process on bare soils and areas having sparse vegetation.

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Cervantes, Danielle. "Using GIS to create an interactive GeoPDF mapbook for the Big Island of Hawaii a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2009. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/CervantesDanielle/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2009.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on March 29, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.

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Whitney, Hilary. "Defining the Terroir of the Columbia Gorge Wine Region, Oregon and Washington, USA Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2396.

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The Columbia Gorge Wine Region (CGWR) is an emerging wine producing area that extends for about 100km along the Columbia River in Oregon and Washington State in which the number of vineyards, wineries and physical terroir conditions have yet to be defined. To better understand the physical factors affecting Oregon and Washington wine, this project analyzes climate, topography, geology and soil at vineyards in the CGWR. This was accomplished using Geographic Information Systems, existing earth science databases and field work. The region, which includes the Columbia Gorge American Viticulture Area (AVA) and the southwest portion of the Columbia Valley AVA, is home to 82 vineyards, 513 hectares (1268 acres), 37 wineries and 41 different varieties of Vitus Vinifera. Vineyards range in elevation from 29 to 548 meters (95 to 1799 feet). Vintner responses to a grower's survey suggest that twenty-eight grape varieties account for 98% of the estimated grape variety acreage, with Pinot Noir being the most widely planted grape variety in both AVAs. The boundaries of each climatic regime were mapped based on 1981-2010 PRISM data, the Winkler Index (Amerine and Winkler, 1944) updated by Jones et al. (2010) and climatic maturity groupings designed for Oregon (Jones et al., 2002; Jones et al., 2010). Three Winkler climate regimes are represented within the CGWR, including regions Ia, Ib, and II from the Winkler Index (Jones et al., 2010). The diversity in regimes allows for a diversity of grape varieties to be planted within the regime. The average growing season temperatures and growing degree days, respectively, from 1981-2010 calculated for vineyards ranges from 13.7°C (55.7°F) to 17.7°C (63.9°F) and 871 for °C (1567 for °F) to 1664 for °C (2994 for °F) respectively. 58% of the vineyards are characterized in an intermediate climatic regime, 29% are within a cool climatic regime, 9% are within a warm climatic regime and 4% are on the boundaries between a cool, intermediate or warm regime. 80% of the vineyards are within Regions Ia and Ib characterized by the Winkler Index, and 20% are within Region II. The growing degrees days calculated for the CGWR are similar those measured in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, Burgundy, France, Umpqua Valley AVA in Oregon and Bordeaux wine region in France. All of the soils currently being used to grow grapes are well-drained and within a xeric moisture regime, which are favorable conditions for viticulture. 30 soil series are represented among the vineyard sites, with the Chemawa Series (Underwood Mountain) and Walla Walla Series (eastern portions) being the dominant soil series used to grow grapes. Majority of the soils contain a silt loam texture. Soil Survey data for Oregon and Washington suggest that loess is extensive in the CGWR, with 46.5% of the total vineyard acreage planted on soils formed in loess. The Missoula Floods also greatly influenced the texture and age of the soil in this region, with skeletal textures being close to the Columbia River. Other common geological deposits at vineyards in the CGWR include, Quaternary Basalt (19.6%), Missoula Flood deposits (9.1%), The Dalles Formation (8.0%), Columbia River Basalt Group (7.5%), Pliocene Basalt (3.0%), Quaternary Surficial deposits (3.0%), lahars (2.3%) and Quaternary Basaltic Andesite and Andesite (0.9%). Common geological deposits, soil series, and climate conditions at vineyard sites vary spatially in the region, and therefore it is suggested that future work focus on separating the region into separate climatic sub-AVA regimes to better reflect the diversity in terroir conditions.

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Knauss, Mathew J. "Quantifying morphological variability through the latest ontogeny of Hoploscaphites (Jeletzkytes) from the Late Cretaceous Western Interior using geographic information systems as a morphometric tool." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1370375799.

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Steinberg, Rebecca M. "Predicting Post-Mining Hydrologic Effects of Underground Coal Mines in Ohio throughMultivariate Statistical Analyses and GIS Tool Building." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1555429886192267.

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Hudzik, Stefanie A. "A Case Study of the Spatial Relationship between Bat Pass Frequency and Artificial Light Pollution along a Bike Trail in Portage County, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1452340239.

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Ulvi, Kun. "The Use of Geographic Information Systems by Law Enforcement Agencies and Its Impact on Police Performance." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3401.

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Do we know whether the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in law enforcement agencies increases police performance? This study examines the impact of GIS use to police performance outcomes in cities and counties of the U.S. between 2000 and 2007. Current research uses computerized mapping conceptualization to operationalize its measurement. Second, the police performance methodological context is used to measure the organizational impact of GIS. Finally, a new theoretical framework, information technology capacity that combines organizational, environmental and managerial factors to explain IT applications, is used to encompass most relevant dimensions of the subject matter. Findings indicate that the use of GIS in police agencies increased sharply between 2003 and 2007. Additionally, the contribution of GIS use on police performance was found to be statistically significant, but in the opposite direction. Overall, results of the present study indicate significant links between crime rate (DV) and independent variables (IV) in law enforcement agencies. IVs are having a professional form of government andfull time specialized crime analysis personnel, police strength, the use of GIS, population, being located in the Northeast and West regions, poverty, having encouraged SARA type projects and a community policing unit.

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Bird, William. "Use of GIS technology in improving medical service delivery by volunteer drivers to VA medical facilities a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of master of science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2010. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/BirdWilliamJ/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2010.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on June 7, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.

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Hashmi, Mir Mahammed Hussain. "Explore Hyderabad : An Interactive Web-based GIS Application Prototype." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6616.

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Products are displayed in a shelf to market and sell to the public. It creates an interest and attracts people towards it. Likewise, any country or city can showcase itself by using Web over the internet which will attract the tourists from around the world. This example can be used for the city of Hyderabad. Hyderabad has truly become an international city and there are many multinational companies establishing themselves. It is rapidly becoming a hot spot for tourists from around the world because of its exotic locations and facilities provided by the government. The city has been famous for historical monuments and culture, but in the recent years it has developed into a world class IT destination for many multinational IT companies and due to this it has attained world recognition on the global scenario. The time is to reap the benefits of this image and promote the city’s tourist sector by globally marketing the tourist attractions, facilities and services in an innovative and better way so that tourists from around the world visit the city and thereby contribute to the country’s economy with the foreign currency.

This research deals with developing a Web-based GIS application that can promote the city’s tourist activities and also provide the users with an innovative way to access the spatial content of the city. GIS content forms the core component of this application as it provides the users with the spatial information about the place that is very close to reality. It supports the human tendency of “What you see is what you believe” by displaying the spatial information on the map. The application has been developed with the latest mapping server technology provided by Environmental Science Research Institute’s ArcIMS 9.1. This server software provides simple and easy methods to launch a Web-based GIS application over the Internet.

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Krpo, Ana. "GIS model for assessment of land use and urban development effects on stormwater runoff Puhinui Catchment case study : thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, February 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/KrpoA.pdf.

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Salap, Seda. "Development Of A Gis-based Monitoring And Management System For Underground Mining Safety." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609815/index.pdf.

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Mine safety is of paramount concern to the mining industry. The generation of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which can administrate relevant spatial data and metadata of underground mining safety efficiently is a very vital issue in this sense. In an effort to achieve a balance of safety and productivity, GIS can contribute to the creation of a safe working environment in underground (U/G) mining. Such a system should serve to a continuous risk analysis and be designed for applications in case of emergency. Concept for safety should require three fundamental components, namely (i) constructive safety
(ii) surveillance and maintenance
and (iii) emergency. The implementation has to be carried out in a Web-Based Geographic Information System. The process comprises first the safety concept as the application domain model and then a conceptual model was generated in terms of Entity- Relationship Diagrams. After the implementation of the logical model a user interface was developed and GIS was tested. Finally, one should deal with the question if it is possible to extend the method of resolution used to a national GIS infrastructure.

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Falconer, Lynne. "Spatial modelling and GIS-based decision support tools to evaluate the suitability of sustainable aquaculture development in large catchments." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19465.

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Land, water and natural resources are under increasing pressure due to rising demands for food and energy from the rapidly growing global population. Across a catchment there can be multiple stakeholders with conflicting opinions over how space and resources should be used and managed. Consequently, it is important to consider the suitability of a catchment for a particular purpose to optimise use of the area and minimise potential conflicts and impacts on the wider environment. Aquaculture is a significant contributor to world food supply and as fisheries are unlikely to increase it is expected that the industry will continue to grow and expand in the future to help meet food security requirements. As a result, it is essential that the sector aims for sustainable development within the most suitable locations. However, it can be difficult to assess the suitability of multiple large catchments and some issues may not be immediately apparent. This project aimed to show how spatial models could be used as decision support tools to evaluate the suitability of large catchments for sustainable aquaculture. Four large areas of importance to aquaculture were selected; covering 10,148km2, 26,225km2, 48,319km2 and 66,283km2 in Bangladesh, China, Thailand and Vietnam respectively. Asia is by far the most dominant aquaculture region in the world and each of the four study areas contribute to local, regional and global food supplies. The study area in Bangladesh was located in Khulna region in the south west of the country and the main species of focus were prawn and shrimp. The Chinese study area was located in the south eastern province of Guangdong and the main species covered were tilapia and shrimp. Similarly, in Thailand, the main species evaluated were tilapia and shrimp whilst the study area extended across the Central region. Finally, the largest study area was the Mekong Delta in Vietnam and the main species of focus in this area were pangasius catfish and shrimp. One of the challenges in modelling large catchments is model applicability and data availability. Often, the required data are not available (or accessible) and it would be difficult, time consuming and expensive to collect new information. Furthermore, when assessing multiple areas is it vital that a representative and unbiased approach is used where no one catchment is favoured over the other due to higher quality data. Therefore, this study used data that are available for almost any area in the world; allowing future application of the models and enabling effective and unbiased decision support. Four modelling stages were employed in this study to evaluate the suitability of large catchments for sustainable aquaculture development. The first stage was the classification of seasonal land use models from satellite imagery. This provides information on what the land is used for and how aquaculture could impact or be impacted by the wider environment. The second step was the development of seasonal models of site suitability using optimal values within a GIS-based multi-stage framework. These models identify which locations are best for culture and can also be used to estimate the availability of areas for food production. The next stage investigated the use of Maxent as a novel approach in site suitability modelling to evaluate the conditions experienced by existing farms. The information from Maxent can be used to identify trends, opportunities and concerns related to sustainable management and farm locations. Finally, qualitative models of non-point source pollution (NPSP) were developed which assess the risk of NPSP within a catchment. NPSP is an issue which can impact both aquaculture and the wider environment. Thus, it is important to understand the areas within a catchment where NPSP risk is higher enabling the establishment of monitoring and/or mitigation procedures. The models support the ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) and enable objective planning and management strategies to enhance productivity across large catchments without negatively impacting the environment. In order to meet growing food requirements, large areas will need to be used for agriculture and aquaculture; therefore, analysis at a wider catchment level, which complements assessment at a local scale, is required as it allows a holistic view of the situation. The work presented here illustrates the potential use of spatial models across large catchments and considers the suitability of the areas for aquaculture development.

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Walterscheid, Steven K. "Climate classification for the earth's oceanic areas using the KӦppen System." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9194.

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Master of Arts
Department of Geography
John A. Harrington Jr
The objective of this thesis is classify climate for the Earth’s ocean areas. The classifica-tion task is accomplished in part by using monthly average sea surface temperature and precipita-tion data from 1980-2008. Coast-to-coast coverage of the needed data were obtained from the reanalysis product produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Köppen’s classification scheme was implemented in the ArcGIS suite of software, which was used to analyze and display all of the classified map products. Russell’s ‘climatic years’ concept was used and separate classifications were produce for each year of available data. Findings indicate that the oceans are very different from land areas when it comes to the location and extent of varying climate types. Some main findings include the idea that A, C, and E climates dominate the geography of the oceans and that there are zero continental, or D, climates. Also, the Southern Oscillation plays an important part in tropical ocean dynamics and climate, but summarizing twenty nine years of mapped patterns into a summary product removes any major effect from yearly climate system anomalies. A key finding is an argument that supports the establishment of a unique Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. There are polar, ET and EF, climate subtypes surrounding both the Arctic and Antarctic poles, but only the north has the well established Arctic Ocean. Oceanic E climate areas are more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere with circumpolar rings around the Antarctic continent. Classification results support the idea of a Southern Ocean based on the spatial pattern of climate types and in view of the fact that that the climate of the Southern Ocean area is so different from the temperate, or C, climate and its subtypes. This research is important for many reasons, the primary being that climate classification helps us better understand the world around us. It is difficult to see change in the environment without first knowing what the state of the system used to be. Classification will also help depict the changes that have happened, when these shifts in climate occurred, and with that information we can better predict what the future will hold.

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Mekonnen, Addisu Dereje. "Wind Farm Site Suitability Analysis in Lake Erie Using Web-Based Participatory GIS (PGIS)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1392975809.

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Troesch, Emma Linette. "Safety Analysis in Transportation Planning: A Planning and Geographic Information Systems Internship with the Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1429606326.

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Barré, Brent A. "Techniques for the Visualization of Positional Geospatial Uncertainty." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1720.

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Geospatial data almost always contains some amount of uncertainty due to inaccuracies in its acquisition and transformation. While the data is commonly visualized (e.g. on digital maps), there are unanswered needs for visualizing uncertainty along with it. Most research on effectively doing this addresses uncertainty in data values at geospatial positions, e.g. water depth, human population, or land-cover classification. Uncertainty in the data’s geospatial positions themselves (positional uncertainty) has not been previously focused on in this regard. In this thesis, techniques were created for visualizing positional uncertainty using World Vector Shoreline as an example dataset. The techniques consist of a shoreline buffer zone to which visual effects such as gradients, transparency, and randomized dots were applied. They are viewed interactively via Web Map Service (WMS). In clutter testing with human subjects, a transparency-gradient technique performed the best, followed by a solid-fill technique, with a dots-density-gradient technique performing worst.

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Yun, David In. "Utilization of Geographic Information System for Research, Management, and Education in the Natural Resources Management Department at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/449.

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Geographic Information System (GIS) is “an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information” (ESRI, 1997a). The Natural Resources Management Department at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, hereafter NRM, was one of the early users of GIS technology. Although GIS was primarily used as an educational tool, it was also used for cataloging and displaying resource information for management planning and research projects. As the computing technology advanced, GIS became more powerful and easier to use. NRM faculty and students realized that GIS is the best tool to manage spatial information. In addition, GIS can also manage temporal data. While we are proud of past achievements using GIS, its future prospects for managing time and space information promise even more exciting possibilities and tangible benefits. This scholarly project is a compilation of GIS achievements in NRM.

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Cho, Chun Man. "Study on effects of resident-perceived neighborhood boundaries on public services accessibility & its relation to utilization using Geographic Information System, focusing on the case of public parks in Austin, Texas /." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/59.

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Karlsson, Ann-Sophie. "GIS-baserad analys av äldres tillgänglighet i närmiljön : -en studie i Gävle kommun." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11955.

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Bakgrund: Tillgänglighet till service och resurser i närmiljön har betydelse för människors hälsa och livskvalitet. Äldre människor är särskilt beroende av god tillgänglighet i närområdet då det utgör den huvudsakliga vistelsemiljön för många äldre, samtidigt som åldrandet ofta medför en försämrad rörelseförmåga. Begreppet tillgänglighet innefattar flera faktorer, exempelvis avstånd och antal faciliteter som finns inom ett visst område, hur bekvämt och obehindrat man kan ta sig till faciliteterna och i vilken utsträckning faciliteterna uppfyller invånarnas behov. God tillgänglighet till faciliteter i närmiljön som främjar äldres hälsa och höjer deras livskvalitet förbättrar möjligheterna att uppnå ett gott åldrande. Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen var att beskriva tillgängligheten i närmiljön för äldre som bor i seniorboende samt studera skillnader i tillgänglighet i olika närområden. Studien belyste särskilt tillgängligheten till grönområden, livsmedelsbutiker, sociala mötesplatser för äldre och kollektivtrafik och fokuserades speciellt på faktorer relaterade till ”de fyra hörnpelarna för ett gott åldrande”, d v s fysisk aktivitet, god kosthållning, social gemenskap och stöd samt meningsfullhet och delaktighet. Metod: I studien ingick fyra seniorboenden i Gävle kommun, två belägna i centrala Gävle och två lokaliserade i perifera stadsdelar. Tillgängligheten analyserades med hänsyn till gångavstånd och beskrevs utifrån aspekterna rumslig fördelning, gångvägens beskaffenhet samt faciliteternas individuella kvaliteter. Kartläggningen av tillgängligheten gjordes med hjälp av geografiska informationssystem och fältstudier. Resultat: Tillgängligheten var likartad i de olika närområdena beträffande den rumsliga fördelningen av faciliteter. Samtliga undersökningsområden hade god tillgänglighet till grönområden, livsmedelsbutiker, sociala mötesplatser för äldre och kollektivtrafik med hänsyn till avstånd. Analysen av gångvägars beskaffenhet och faciliteters kvaliteter visade emellertid på vissa skillnader mellan områden. Mest framträdande var hur det mest centralt belägna området skilde sig från de övriga på flera sätt. Slutsatser: Analysen av resultatet visade att närområdena stödjer de fyra hörnpelarna för ett gott åldrande, speciellt vad gäller fysisk aktivitet, social gemenskap och meningsfullhet. Hörnpelaren ”god kosthållning” hade ett sämre stöd i samtliga områden.
Background: Accessibility to services and resources in the neighborhood is important for peoples health and their quality of life. Elderly people are especially dependent on good access in the neighborhood because it is the principal residence environment for many elderly. The concept of accessibility includes several factors such as distance and number of facilities that exist in a given area, how comfortable it is to reach the facilities and how the facilities provide for the residents needs. Good accessibility to facilities in the neighborhood which promote health of the elderly and increases their quality of life improves the chances of healthy ageing. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the accessibility in the neighborhood for elderly living in senior housing. The research focused on accessibility to green open spaces, supermarkets, social venues and public transportation. Method: The study included four senior housings, two in urban areas and two in suburban areas. The accessibility was analyzed with regard to walking distance and was described based on spatial aspects of accessibility, how comfortable it was to reach the facilities and how the facilities provided for the elderly persons needs. The accessibility was analysed by geographical information systems and field studies. Result: The accessibility to the facilities was similar in the neighborhood areas concerning the spatial distribution of facilities. All neighborhoods had good accessibility to green open spaces, supermarkets, social venues and public transportation regarding distance. The analysis of the other aspects of accessibility, however, showed some differences between areas in terms of the areas “walkability” and the quality of facilities. The most remarkable finding was how the most centrally located area differed from the others in several ways. Conclusion: The analysis of results showed that the neighborhoods had the potential to support healthy ageing, especially with regard to physical activity, social support and participation.

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Jahangir, Muhammad Nasir, and Muhammad Fahadullah. "Statistical Analysis of Team Training in Emergency Management Simulator System." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51990.

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In this thesis work, we compare the results obtained from two kinds of teams forming a hierarchical organization participating in a fire fighting simulation environment called as C3Fire. First kind of teams used paper-based maps for spatial reasoning of the command tool while the other kind of teams has GIS based maps with full access to positioning data of the fire fighting units as well as sensor information about fire break.

The collected data was from 11 teams of each kind having 6 members in each team making a total of 132 participants belonging to different parts of the world.

We made a statistical analysis on the data with help of T-Test statistical medhod and a tool is designed by using Java as programming language and PostgreSQL database for importing data from log files and then applying statistical T-Test method on the fetching data from log files.The results are stored in database as well as excel files. Then a comparison is done to analyze the unit performance, communication and efficiency of both kinds of teams.

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Brorson, Johan. "Den smarta kartan : En teoretisk diskussion om geografiskt informationssystem i ledningssystem." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1173.

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Den pågående utvecklingen med informationssystem och den ökade tillgången till information via dessa system ökar kraven på den militära personalen att hantera denna stora mängd information. Information om aktörer i ett stridsområde samt den terräng aktörerna befinner sig i är en förutsättning för att genomföra militära operationer. Som följd av denna informationsmängd behöver informationssystemen utvecklas för att kunna ge bättre beslutsunderlag. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken militär nytta man skulle kunna uppnå med ett geografiskt informationssystem (GIS) för beslutsfattarna i en militär insats. Dessutom skall uppsatsen undersöka hur ett GIS bör vara utformat för att stödja personalen med beslutsfattande. Undersökningen sker genom både komparativ litteraturstudie och beskrivning av teorier och metoder. Resultatet pekar på att GIS bör kunna bidra till den militära nyttan med att möjliggöra ett informationsöverläge gentemot en motståndare. Vidare pekar resultaten på att rätt design på GIS underlättar för användaren men att det ändå krävs utbildning för att nyttja GIS fullt ut.
The ongoing development of information systems and the increased availability of information through these systems increase the demands on the military personnel to handle this large amount of information. Information on participants in a battle area and the terrain actors find themselves is a prerequisite to conduct military operations. As a result of all this increased informa-tion the information systems needs to developed to provide a better basis for deci-sions. The purpose of this paper is to examine which military benefit could be achieved with a geographic information system (GIS) for decision makers in a military opera-tion. In addition, the paper will investigate how a GIS should be designed to support staff with decision making. The survey is done by both comparative literature and description of theories and methods. The results indicate that GIS should be able to contribute to the military benefit to enable information superiority over an adversary. Furthermore, the results show that the correct design of GIS makes it easier for the user but it still requires training to use GIS in full.

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Cathcart, Steven C. "A Group-based Spatial Decision Support System for Wind Farm Site Selection in Northwest Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1320431690.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geographic Information System and Science (GIS)'

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