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Kim, Myung Jin. "Optimization Approaches to Political Redistricting Problems." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306896676.
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Fowler, Brandon. "Understanding Colombian Violence Through Geographic Information Systems and Statistical Approaches." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1229.
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In 2002, Colombia had the highest homicide rate of any Latin American country(Berkman, 2007). The origins of this violence, however, are complex and difficult to identify. It would be sensible to argue that it cannot be explained by any one particular factor, but rather an assortment of many factors that wholly represent the social, economic, and political conditions of Colombia. By better understanding the origins of Colombian violence, policy makers can more effectively address and alleviate this prolonged issue. This study examines the geographic nature of municipal homicide rates for Colombia in 2005. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are any discernible patterns in the geographic distribution of homicide rates across Colombia at the municipal level. It also aims to determine what combination of statistically significant predictors, if any, generates acceptable regression models for predicting the distribution of homicide rates. Spatial autocorrelation methods, particularly Global and Local Moran’s I statistics, were used to identify the clusters of high-value homicide rates. Regression models, specifically OLS and GWR, were utilized to examine the relationships between homicide rates and an assortment of geographic factors, including Coca Cultivation Density, Presidential Election Participation Rate, Displaced Persons Rate, Standard of Living Index, Terrain Ruggedness Index, FARC Armed Actions Rate, andPublic Force Armed Actions Rate.
The results of this study indicate that clusters of high-value homicide rates were indeed located in the northern, southern, western, and central regions of Colombia. Among the aforementioned geographic factors, Coca Cultivation Density, Displaced Persons Rate, Standard of Living Index, Terrain Ruggedness Index, FARC Armed Actions Rate, and Public Force Armed Actions Rate all exhibited positive correlations. The variable exhibiting a negative correlation was the Presidential Election Participation Rate.
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Faulkner, Sally. "Integrating GIS approaches with geographic profiling as a novel conservation tool." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/46763.
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Geographic profiling (GP) was originally developed to solve the problem of information overload when dealing with cases of serial crime. In criminology, the model uses spatial data relating to the locations of connected crimes to prioritise the search for the criminal's anchor point (usually a home or workplace), and is extremely successful in this field. Previous work has shown how the same approach can be adapted to biological data, but to date the model has assumed a spatially homogenous landscape, and has made no attempt to integrate more complex spatial information (eg, altitude, land use). It is this issue that I address here. In addition, I show for the first time how the model can be applied to conservation data and - taking the model back to its origins in criminology - to wildlife crime. In Chapter 2, I use the Dirichlet Process Mixture (DPM) model of geographic profiling to locate sleep trees for tarsiers in dense jungle in Indonesia, using as input the locations at which calls were recorded, demonstrating how the model can be applied to locating the nests, dens or roosts of other elusive animals and potentially improving estimates of population size, with important implications for management of both species and habitats. In Chapter 3, I show how spatial information in the form of citizen science could be used to improve a study of invasive mink in the Hebrides. In Chapter 4, I turn to the issue of 'commuter crime' in a study of poaching in Savé Valley Conservancy (SVC) in Zimbabwe, in which although poaching occurs inside SVC the majority of poachers live outside, showing how the model can be adjusted to reflect a simple binary classification of the landscape (inside or outside SVC). Finally, in Chapter 5, I combine more complex land use information (estimates of farm density) with the GP model to improve predictions of human-wildlife conflict.
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Palime, Mosiuoa Zachariah. "Implementation of non-geographic approaches to beef trade in the SADC region." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53308.
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Access to international and regional markets for beef has been an on-going problem for southern
African countries for many decades because the South African Territories (SAT) serotypes of
foot and mouth disease (FMD) viruses are endemic to wildlife populations in the southern
African region. This makes establishment of FMD-free zones, essential for accessing high-value
beef markets difficult, expensive and impractical for many locations in southern Africa. For that
reason commercialization of livestock production in the region has been inhibited.
The creation of FMD-free zones which requires use of artificial or natural boundaries and in
southern Africa it has been the construction of veterinary cordon fences (VCFs) to separate
animal populations of different FMD status which has proven successful in some countries (such
as Botswana, Namibia & South Africa) but not in others for a variety of reasons, i.e. the current
model has only been possible for a small proportion of cattle producers in southern Africa. This
means that apart from the damaging effects that some VCFs have had or have on the
environment generally and wildlife conservation in particular, only roughly 15% of the cattle
population in the mainland countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
are raised in FMD-free zones. For balanced rural development of the SADC Region, where cattle
are culturally and economically vital to the indigenous inhabitants and wildlife conservation and
associated economic activities are important contributors to regional gross domestic product, it is
essential to improve access to regional and international markets for beef and other animal
products produced in locations outside FMD-free zones.
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has introduced a partially non-geographic
FMD standard for trade in deboned beef (viz. Terrestrial Animal Health Code Article 8.8.22) that
potentially overcomes this problem; however, Article 8.8.22 contains at least one killer
requirement that makes its implementation impossible. The issues associated with this problem
have been identified in this study and possible solutions proposed. An attempt was made to gauge acceptance by SADC Member States but the responses to the
questionnaire used were inadequate to reach a reliable conclusion in this respect. It was
concluded that taking technical, logistical and financial constraints into account, non-geographic
approaches represent the best opportunity that SADC countries have of expanding access to
regional and international markets. Moreover, it is suggested that non-geographic approaches
could be integrated into the Standard Methods and Procedures in Animal Health (SMP-AH)
Programme once adopted by SADC, thereby strengthening the capacity of the Region s
competent authorities. SMP-AH Programme is at a proposal stage and has not been officially
launched in SADC. The SMP AH Programme proposes to harmonize activities of animal health
authorities of SADC Member States in respect of selected diseases that impact trade and/or
human health.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
MSc
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Alexander, Patrick James. "Environmental sustainability through participatory approaches : socio-geographic assessment of the Mathenjwa tribal authority landscape, Northern KwaZulu-Natal." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30957.
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Development, environmental sustainability, agriculture and livelihoods are dimensions
that are often considered antagonistic. By thinking at the landscape level however,
innovative opportunities arise for simultaneity as these entities manifest spatially and
require communication across disciplines. Trans-frontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs)
embrace this thinking. These are large areas that cut across two or more international
boundaries, include within them at least one Protected Area (PA) and other multiple
resource use areas, including human dwellings and cultivated areas. Similarly,
ecoagriculture is an innovative approach to land use management as it seeks to spatially
synergise agriculture, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation across space and
requires an awareness of landscape-level issues by land users, a condition which is not
necessarily met. Such landscape thinking stems from the fact that if a piece of land is
subject to rigorous conservation, it will fail if the surrounding areas are degraded.
Additionally, it has been shown that agriculture often benefits from the nearby presence
of natural areas for ecosystem services such as pollination, pest management, and
erosion control. As such, multifunctional landscape mosaics together with small scale
farmers, not large scale monocultures, are the key to global food security, as the former
more effectively links agricultural intensification to hunger reduction. In order to
ascertain an integrated understanding of the landscape concept, necessary for the
formalisation of ecoagriculture, this study assessed the landscape perceptions and
understandings held by local people residing within a TFCA. We employed
participatory methods within the Mathenjwa Tribal Area (MTA), an area falling within
the Lubombo TFCA and identified as holding ecoagriculture potential. Results revealed
that local people perceive landscape as a function of subsistence utility. Local people
perceive land-use multifunctionality, necessary for the formalisation of ecoagriculture, but at a smaller scale than expected depending on both social and biophysical
interpretations. Landscape scale projects should incorporate local landscape
understandings.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
MA
Unrestricted
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Schuch, Laura M. "Geospatial Approaches to Identify Neighborhood Risks to a Pediatric Population." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531694688693131.
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Ogden, Mitchell. "Communications and Methodologies in Crime Geography: Contemporary Approaches to Disseminating Criminal Incidence and Research." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3652.
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Many tools exist to assist law enforcement agencies in mitigating criminal activity. For centuries, academics used statistics in the study of crime and criminals, and more recently, police departments make use of spatial statistics and geographic information systems in that pursuit. Clustering and hot spot methods of analysis are popular in this application for their relative simplicity of interpretation and ease of process. With recent advancements in geospatial technology, it is easier than ever to publicly share data through visual communication tools like web applications and dashboards. Sharing data and results of analyses boosts transparency and the public image of police agencies, an image important to maintaining public trust in law enforcement and active participation in community safety.
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Fourie, Christoffel Ettienne [Verfasser], Sören [Akademischer Betreuer] Hese, and Feitosa [Akademischer Betreuer] Raul. "Sample supervised search centric approaches in geographic object-based image analysis / Christoffel Ettienne Fourie. Gutachter: Sören Hese ; Feitosa Raul." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080521976/34.
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Fourie, Christoffel [Verfasser], Sören [Akademischer Betreuer] Hese, and Feitosa [Akademischer Betreuer] Raul. "Sample supervised search centric approaches in geographic object-based image analysis / Christoffel Ettienne Fourie. Gutachter: Sören Hese ; Feitosa Raul." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080521976/34.
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Li, Ying, and Wei Zhang. "Predicting Future Heat-Related Mortality in Large Urban Areas in China Using GIS (Geographic Information System) and Epidemiological Approaches." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/16.
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Global climate change is anticipated to raise the overall temperatures and is likely to increase future mortality attributable to heat. China, a rapid developing nation with the world's largest population, has experienced noticeable changes in climate over the past century, with an annual increase in air temperature by 0.5-0.8°C. While increasing evidence is suggesting that climate change has posed significant health risks to Chinese population, including heat-related mortality, the extent to which climate change will affect future mortality and the sources of uncertainty in projecting prospective changes in mortality remain unexplored. Using GIS (Geographic Information System) and epidemiological approaches, this study estimates excess future premature deaths in large urban areas in China resulting from potential increases in temperature under climate change. Our projection includes 51 large Chinese cities in this study, which cover approximately one third of the total population in China. We use ArcGIS to combine temperature predictions from climate models, local temperature-mortality relationship and population forecasting and project the future excess mortality attributed to higher temperature during warm season. The study focuses on future temperature change during 2040-2050 relative to the baseline period 1950-2000 in the 51 cities selected. For future temperature projection, we ensemble outputs from 19 climate models used in the IPCC 5th Report, including outputs related to all four AR5 emission scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5). The results of this study inform decision makers of the direct health benefits of climate mitigation.
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Kernan, James T. "GIS analyses of paleo-fire regimes in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests extending spatial approaches in ecological interpretation /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10045.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 174 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Shoop, Michael. "Automation of State Climate Office Processes & Products: Developing Efficient Approaches for Data Dissemination." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3626.
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State Climate Offices (SCO’s) in the United States are critical conduits for improving weather and climate data in local communities. Two states do not have a state-recognized SCO: Tennessee and Massachusetts. Efforts are underway at East Tennessee State University to develop the Tennessee Climate Office (TCO). Currently, climate services and products are severely lacking across Tennessee. This thesis provides an improved methodology for an existing TCO product and outlines the development of a new product using Python scripting. Daily storm reports within the monthly climate report are automated and a Weather Forecasts Hazard Index (WFHI) web application is developed. Both products utilize data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with the automated daily storm reports providing substantial time savings and the WFHI providing a high resolution web application for emergency managers and others to interpret potentially hazardous forecasts for extreme temperatures, high winds, snowfall/ice accumulation, and tornado/hail events.
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Campbell, Janet C. "Geographic adventures an interdisciplinary fourth grade geography unit /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/JCampbell2007.pdf.
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Simachaya, Wijarn. "Integrated approaches to water quality management using geographic information systems and the WASP5 simulation model, application to the Tha Chin River Basin, Thailand." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/NQ40387.pdf.
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Alagan, Ramakrishnan. "Participatory GIS approaches to environmental impact assessment a case study of the Appalachian Corridor H transportation project /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5035.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-210).
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Bascompta, Massanés Marc. "Some approaches to improve the ventilation system in underground potash mines." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393897.
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Mine ventilation is a crucial factor for the sake of underground operations. Not only does it affect efficiency and effectiveness rates, but it also influence the health and safety of the employees. Despite it is a topic thoroughly analysed, every mine has its particularities and there is not much specific information concerning potash mines currently.
This thesis investigates the main characteristics of the ventilation system in two potash mines, using a room and pillar method, with the idea to analyse their specific behaviour in terms of airway particularities, heat exchange and gas concentrations. Data regarding subsurface ventilation conditions have been collected from 2008 to 2015.
First, it has been necessary to create a system able to manage such quantity of different parameters related to ventilation and obtain results from short to long term. For this purpose, it has been used a geographical information system (GIS), being able to model the behaviour of the environmental conditions as well as establish a methodology for other types of mines or underground infrastructures. This system has allowed to determine the weaknesses of the ventilation systems and where the investigations regarding efficiency and health and safety should be focused on. Part of the data managed by the GIS has been used to determine the friction factors of the airways and heat inputs of both mines.
The airways of the cases studied have a particular roughness due to the exploitation method and intrinsic characteristics of evaporitic minerals. The results achieved have given standard friction factors in potash mining applicable to other similar mines for modelling the ventilation system and know the airflow behaviour.
The investigations have also been focused on calculating the heat load of the system and proposing some approaches to reduce temperatures and gas concentrations in underground environments. Based on the friction factor results and the GIS created, the characteristic heat factors in the case study have been determined as well as the different heat inputs, comparing the variation in heat generation using diesel and electrical equipment. The outcomes display an important reduction in heat generation and subsequently a potential increasing improvement in the workplace conditions.La ventilación es un factor clave en la viabilidad de una mina subterránea, ya que no sólo afecta la eficiencia y efectividad de los trabajadores, sino que las condiciones ambientales que derivan del sistema de ventilación también tienen incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores. A pesar de que la ventilación es un tema recurrente en el ámbito de la minería, existiendo una gran cantidad de estudios y artículos científicos, no hay mucha información referente a las particularidades de la minería potásica. En este tesis se han estudiado las principales características del sistema de ventilación en dos minas que explotan potasa mediante un sistema de cámaras y pilares, con la idea de analizar sus especificidades. Especialmente en lo que se refiere a los conductos de ventilación, intercambio de calor y concentraciones de los contaminantes ambientales. Para este propósito se han utilizado datos recogidos entre 2008 y 2015. Inicialmente, se ha creado un sistema capaz de manejar la gran cantidad de datos obtenidos a lo largo de los años. Utilizando un sistema de información geográfica para este propósito. Este sistema permite hacer una gestión de los parámetros relacionados con la ventilación a largo plazo y extraer conclusiones. Pudiendo determinar las debilidades del sistema de ventilación y donde deberían aplicarse medidas correctoras para mejorar las condiciones ambientales de la mina. Parte de los datos almacenados han sido usados para determinar los factores de fricción y aportes de calor en las dos minas. Las galerías en los casos estudiados presentan una rugosidad particular debido al método de explotación usado y las características intrínsecas del yacimiento. Obteniendo unos factores de fricción que se pueden extrapolar en la modelización de otras explotaciones potásicas que usen un sistema de explotación similar. Otro foco de atención ha sido la determinación de las fuentes de calor que afectan a la ventilación, proponiendo varios enfoques para reducir la temperatura equivalente y el nivel de contaminantes en ambientes subterráneos. Se han analizado y comparado las variaciones que se generarían usando maquinaria diésel o equipos eléctricos. Los resultados muestran una reducción considerable en la generación de calor y contaminantes. Consiguiendo una mejora en las condiciones de trabajo y el rendimiento de los trabajadores
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Gim, Tae-Hyoung. "Utility-based approaches to understanding the effects of urban compactness on travel behavior: a case of Seoul, Korea." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50331.
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Automobile use is associated with significant problems such as air pollution and obesity. Decisions to use the automobile or its alternatives, including walk, bicycle, and public transit, are believed to be associated with urban form. However, in contrast to the hypothesis that compact urban form significantly reduces automobile travel, previous studies reported only a modest effect on travel behavior. These studies, largely built on microeconomic utility theory, are not sufficient for assessing the effect of compactness, for several reasons: (1) The studies postulate that travel invokes only disutility, but travel may also provide intrinsic utility or benefits insomuch as people travel for its own sake; (2) the studies have traditionally focused on how urban compactness reduces the distance between trip origin and destination and accordingly reduces trip time, but urban compactness also increases congestion and reduces trip speed, and thus increases trip time; and (3) the studies have mostly examined automobile commuting, but people travel for various purposes, using different travel modes, and the impact of urban compactness on the utility of non-automobile non-commuting travel has not been duly examined.
On this ground, to better explain the effects that urban compactness has on travel behavior, this dissertation refines the concept of travel utility using two additions to the microeconomic utility theory: activity-based utility theory of derived travel demand and approaches to positive utility of travel. Accordingly, it designs a conceptual model that specifies travel utility as an intermediary between urban compactness and travel behavior and examines the behavior associated with and utility derived from travel mode choices for alternative purposes of travel. Twenty individual models are derived from the conceptual model and tested within the context of Seoul, Korea, using a confirmatory approach of structural equation modeling and data from geographic information systems and a structured sample survey, which is initially designed and validated by semi-structured interviews and subsequent statistical tests. By comparing the individual models, this research concludes that the urban compactness effect on travel behavior, represented by trip frequencies and supplemented by mode shares, is better explained when travel utility is considered and if travel purposes are separately examined. Major empirical findings are that urban compactness affects travel behavior mainly by increasing the benefits of travel in comparison to its modest effect on the cost reduction and people’s behavioral response to urban compactness is to shift modes of commuting travel, decrease travel for shopping, and increase travel for leisure. These purpose-specific findings have implications for transportation planners and public health planners by assisting them in linking plans and policies concerning urban compactness to travel purposes.
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Christopoulou, K. "A geographic knowledge discovery approach to property valuation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14871/.
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This thesis involves an investigation of how knowledge discovery can be applied in the area Geographic Information Science. In particular, its application in the area of property valuation in order to reveal how different spatial entities and their interactions affect the price of the properties is explored. This approach is entirely data driven and does not require previous knowledge of the area applied. To demonstrate this process, a prototype system has been designed and implemented. It employs association rule mining and associative classification algorithms to uncover any existing inter-relationships and perform the valuation. Various algorithms that perform the above tasks have been proposed in the literature. The algorithm developed in this work is based on the Apriori algorithm. It has been however, extended with an implementation of a ‘Best Rule’ classification scheme based on the Classification Based on Associations (CBA) algorithm. For the modelling of geographic relationships a graph-theoretic approach has been employed. Graphs have been widely used as modelling tools within the geography domain, primarily for the investigation of network-type systems. In the current context, the graph reflects topological and metric relationships between the spatial entities depicting general spatial arrangements. An efficient graph search algorithm has been developed, based on the Djikstra shortest path algorithm that enables the investigation of relationships between spatial entities beyond first degree connectivity. A case study with data from three central London boroughs has been performed to validate the methodology and algorithms, and demonstrate its effectiveness for computer aided property valuation. In addition, through the case study, the influence of location in the value of properties in those boroughs has been examined. The results are encouraging as they demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and algorithms, provided that the data is appropriately pre processed and is of high quality.
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Gençay, Mehmet Ali. "A geographic optimization approach to coast guard ship basing." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45860.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis studies the problem of finding efficient ship base locations, area of operations (AO) among bases, and ship assignments for a coast guard (CG) organization. This problem is faced by many CGs around the world and is motivated by the need to optimize operational outcomes in the face of budget constraints. There is a need for a tool to optimize the placement of the available number of ships to candidate bases and the assignment of the AOs for each base. In this thesis, we developed a model that takes the objective of minimizing the weighted demand for CG services. We also used constraints to have proportionate AOs to the number of ships on each base and partition constraints. To the best of our knowledge, until now, there has yet to be a tool designed for finding both ship allocations and AOs for each base. Therefore, developing this tool is a huge step forward in this area.
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Wilde, Bryn. "A geographic information system approach to distributed hydrological modelling." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327722.
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Barkowsky, Thomas. "Mental representation and processing of geographic knowledge : a computational approach /." Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0817/2002042843-d.html.
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Chow, Man-hong. "An evaluation of existing open space in Hong Kong : GIS & location allocation modeling approach /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14015699.
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Kleene, J. Wesley. "Watershed nonpoint source management system : a geographic information system approach /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02272007-092409/.
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Chaudhry, Omair. "Modelling geographic phenomena at multiple levels of detail : a model generalisation approach based on aggregation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2385.
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Considerable interest remains in capturing once geographical information at the fine scale, and from this, automatically deriving information at various levels of detail and scale via the process of map generalisation. This research aims to develop a methodology for transformation of geographic phenomena at a high level of detail directly into geographic phenomena at higher levels of abstraction. Intuitive and meaningful interpretation of geographical phenomena requires their representation at multiple levels of detail. This is due to the scale dependent nature of their properties. Prior to the cartographic portrayal of that information, model generalisation is required in order to derive higher order phenomena typically associated with the smaller scales. This research presents a model generalisation approach able to support the derivation of phenomena typically present at 1:250,000 scale mapping, directly from a large scale topographic database (1:1250/1:2500/1:10,000). Such a transformation involves creation of higher order or composite objects, such as settlement, forest, hills and ranges, from lower order or component objects, such as buildings, trees, streets, and vegetation, in the source database. In order to perform this transformation it is important to model the meaning and relationships among source database objects rather than to consider the object in terms of their geometric primitives (points, lines and polygons). This research focuses on two types of relationships: taxonomic and partonomic. These relationships provide different but complimentary strategies for transformation of source database objects into required target database objects. The proposed methodology highlights the importance of partonomic relations for transformation of spatial databases over large changes in levels of detail. The proposed approach involves identification of these relationships and then utilising these relationships to create higher order objects. The utility of the results obtained, via the implementation of the proposed methodology, is demonstrated using spatial analysis techniques and the creation of ‘links’ between objects at different representations needed for multiple representation databases. The output database can then act as input to cartographic generalisation in order to create maps (digital or paper). The results are evaluated using manually generalised datasets.
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Murray, Andrew R. "A Dasymetric Approach to Estimating Domestic Groundwater Well Use in the United States." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479814340809441.
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Ferrés, Domènech Daniel. "Knowledge-based and data-driven approaches for geographical information access." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461635.
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Geographical Information Access (GeoIA) can be defined as a way of retrieving information from textual collections that includes the automatic analysis and interpretation of the geographical constraints and terms present in queries and documents. This PhD thesis presents, describes and evaluates several heterogeneous approaches for the following three GeoIA tasks: Geographical Information Retrieval (GIR), Geographical Question Answering (GeoQA), and Textual Georeferencing (TG). The GIR task deals with user queries that search over documents (e.g. ¿vineyards in California?) and the GeoQA task treats questions that retrieve answers (e.g. ¿What is the capital of France?). On the other hand, TG is the task of associate one or more georeferences (such as polygons or coordinates in a geodetic reference system) to electronic documents.
Current state-of-the-art AI algorithms are not yet fully understanding the semantic meaning and the geographical constraints and terms present in queries and document collections. This thesis attempts to improve the effectiveness results of GeoIA tasks by: 1) improving the detection, understanding, and use of a part of the geographical and the thematic content of queries and documents with Toponym Recognition, Toponym Disambiguation and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, and 2) combining Geographical Knowledge-Based Heuristics based on common sense with Data-Driven IR algorithms.
The main contributions of this thesis to the state-of-the-art of GeoIA tasks are:
1) The presentation of 10 novel approaches for GeoIA tasks: 3 approaches for GIR, 3 for GeoQA, and 4 for Textual Georeferencing (TG).
2) The evaluation of these novel approaches in these contexts: within official evaluation benchmarks, after evaluation benchmarks with the test collections, and with other specific datasets. Most of these algorithms have been evaluated in international evaluations and some of them achieved top-ranked state-of-the-art results, including top-performing results in GIR (GeoCLEF 2007) and TG (MediaEval 2014) benchmarks.
3) The experiments reported in this PhD thesis show that the approaches can combine effectively Geographical Knowledge and NLP with Data-Driven techniques to improve the efectiveness measures of the three Geographical Information Access tasks investigated.
4) TALPGeoIR: a novel GIR approach that combines Geographical Knowledge ReRanking (GeoKR), NLP and Relevance Feedback (RF) that achieved state-of-the-art results in official GeoCLEF benchmarks (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2008; Mandl et al., 2008) and posterior experiments (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2015a). This approach has been evaluated with the full GeoCLEF corpus (100 topics) and showed that GeoKR, NLP, and RF techniques evaluated separately or in combination improve the results in MAP and R-Precision effectiveness measures of the state-of-the-art IR algorithms TF-IDF, BM25 and InL2 and show statistical significance in most of the experiments.
5) GeoTALP-QA: a scope-based GeoQA approach for Spanish and English and its evaluation with a set of questions of the Spanish geography (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2006).
6) Four state-of-the-art Textual Georeferencing approaches for informal and formal documents that achieved state-of-the-art results in evaluation benchmarks (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2014) and posterior experiments (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2011; Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2015b).L'Accés a la Informació Geogràfica (GeoAI) pot ser definit com una forma de recuperar informació de col·lecions textuals que inclou l'anàlisi automàtic i la interpretació dels termes i restriccions geogràfiques que apareixen en consultes i documents. Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta, descriu i avalua varies aproximacions heterogènies a les seguents tasques de GeoAI: Recuperació de la Informació Geogràfica (RIG), Cerca de la Resposta Geogràfica (GeoCR), i Georeferenciament Textual (GT). La tasca de RIG tracta amb consultes d'usuari que cerquen documents (e.g. ¿vinyes a California?) i la tasca GeoCR tracta de recuperar respostes concretes a preguntes (e.g. ¿Quina és la capital de França?). D'altra banda, GT es la tasca de relacionar una o més referències geogràfiques (com polígons o coordenades en un sistema de referència geodètic) a documents electrònics. Els algoritmes de l'estat de l'art actual en Intel·ligència Artificial encara no comprenen completament el significat semàntic i els termes i les restriccions geogràfiques presents en consultes i col·leccions de documents. Aquesta tesi intenta millorar els resultats en efectivitat de les tasques de GeoAI de la seguent manera: 1) millorant la detecció, comprensió, i la utilització d'una part del contingut geogràfic i temàtic de les consultes i documents amb tècniques de reconeixement de topònims, desambiguació de topònims, i Processament del Llenguatge Natural (PLN), i 2) combinant heurístics basats en Coneixement Geogràfic i en el sentit comú humà amb algoritmes de Recuperació de la Informació basats en dades. Les principals contribucions d'aquesta tesi a l'estat de l'art de les tasques de GeoAI són: 1) La presentació de 10 noves aproximacions a les tasques de GeoAI: 3 aproximacions per RIG, 3 per GeoCR, i 4 per Georeferenciament Textual (GT). 2) L'avaluació d'aquestes noves aproximacions en aquests contexts: en el marc d'avaluacions comparatives internacionals, posteriorment a avaluacions comparatives internacionals amb les col·lections de test, i amb altres conjunts de dades específics. La majoria d'aquests algoritmes han estat avaluats en avaluacions comparatives internacionals i alguns d'ells aconseguiren alguns dels millors resultats en l'estat de l'art, com per exemple els resultats en comparatives de RIG (GeoCLEF 2007) i GT (MediaEval 2014). 3) Els experiments descrits en aquesta tesi mostren que les aproximacions poden combinar coneixement geogràfic i PLN amb tècniques basades en dades per millorar les mesures d'efectivitat en les tres tasques de l'Accés a la Informació Geogràfica investigades. 4) TALPGeoIR: una nova aproximació a la RIG que combina Re-Ranking amb Coneixement Geogràfic (GeoKR), PLN i Retroalimentació de Rellevancia (RR) que aconseguí resultats en l'estat de l'art en comparatives oficials GeoCLEF (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2008; Mandl et al., 2008) i en experiments posteriors (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2015a). Aquesta aproximació ha estat avaluada amb el conjunt complert del corpus GeoCLEF (100 topics) i ha mostrat que les tècniques GeoKR, PLN i RR avaluades separadament o en combinació milloren els resultats en les mesures efectivitat MAP i R-Precision dels algoritmes de l'estat de l'art en Recuperació de la Infomació TF-IDF, BM25 i InL2 i a més mostren significació estadística en la majoria dels experiments. 5) GeoTALP-QA: una aproximació basada en l'àmbit geogràfic per espanyol i anglès i la seva avaluació amb un conjunt de preguntes de la geografía espanyola (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2006). 6) Quatre aproximacions per al georeferenciament de documents formals i informals que obtingueren resultats en l'estat de l'art en avaluacions comparatives (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2014) i en experiments posteriors (Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2011; Ferrés and Rodríguez, 2015b).
27
Swienty, Olivier. "Attention-guiding geovisualisation : a cognitive approach of designing relevant geographic information." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/652641/652641.pdf.
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Shortt, Niamh Maura Kelly. "Defining regions for locality health care planning : a multidimensional geographic approach." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232848.
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Trobia, Eugene S. "An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems for Practitioners: A Graphic Approach." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/559197.
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Price, Stephen. "A systems approach to the development of large Geographic Information Systems." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17124.
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Includes bibliography.Large computer-based information systems seldom achieve unqualified success. The major problem is organisational rather than technical, hence to achieve greater success in system implementation greater emphasis must be given to organisational issues than to technology. Current practise, however, tends to focus on technical issues. The aim of this research was to investigate whether a systems-based approach would lead to better understanding of the system development process, and hence form the basis of a methodology which would lead to greater success in computer-based information system implementation. The thesis comprises four parts. In the first part (Chapters 1 - 5) the literature on systems theory in sociology with particular reference to business organisations is reviewed. This review focuses on the historical development of systems thinking, particularly in business management. Beer's Viable System Model, Checkland' s Soft Systems Methodology, and Hoebeke' s ideas on the adoption of new technology provided the main ideas for developing a conceptual model for the information system development process. In the second part (Chapters 6-9) this model is applied to the information system development process to identify the strengths and weaknesses of current methods. Each stage of system development from planning to implementation is considered from a systems perspective. This involves identifying the key stakeholders, and understanding their role in the development process. In the next part three case studies are examined in the light of the theoretical material. The impact of inter-cultural communication is highlighted in these studies as the developers and customers were from· several different cultures. The author was personally involved as project manager and chief consultant in the development of two of the systems described. He was also fully aware of the progress of the other case because that development was being undertaken in the same office. Regular exchanges of views on the progress of each project took place. In the final chapter the conclusions are presented. The main conclusion is that information system implementation must be undertaken within the overall context of the organisation, must be closely aligned with the organisational business processes, and must address the conflicting needs of the different stakeholders. Effective Communication between system developers and system users is crucial to success. A focussed effort is required to achieve effective communication in a multi-cultural environment.
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Soutar, Garron. "Target marketing : the geographical information systems approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53611.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Geodemographics has been used extensively as a decision-support tool in both the business sector and the market survey environment in the United States, the United Kingdom and numerous other countries. This has however not been the case in South Africa, partly because of the expense involved in capturing current and complete customer information. As an alternative to capturing all the required customer information, geodemographics has frequently made use of government census data to supplement the organisation-specific data. However, even the census data has its shortcomings. This research has explored a method for building an organisation-specific database using a combination of government census data and organisation-specific data. The organisation-specific data was captured using a questionnaire that was targeted to a specific group of people. The information obtained from the questionnaire and which overlapped with specific census data variables was then used to update the relevant census variables. Cluster analysis was subsequently conducted on the census data in order to identify enumerator areas within the Western Province that had demographic and economic characteristics similar to those of the surveyed areas. Once the appropriate enumerator areas had been identified, the organisation-specific information from the survey was extrapolated to these new areas outside of the surveyed areas. The methodology used in this research provides a process that allows organisations to build a unique geodatabase by making use of the good qualities of both the census data and user-specific data. The resulting geodatabase is one that contains current and pertinent information while also providing complete spatial coverage.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geodemografie word op groot skaal gebruik as n hulpmiddel vir die ondersteuning van besluitneming in die sakesektor en die markopname-omgewing in die Verenigde State, die Verenigde Koninkryk en talle ander lande. Dit is egter nie in Suid-Afrika die geval nie, deels as gevolg van die onkoste verbonde aan vaslegging van die jongste en volledige kliente-inligting. As n altematief vir die vaslegging van al die vereiste kliente-inligting maak geodemografie dikwels gebruik van sensusdata om data eie aan n organisasie aan te vul. Selfs sensusdata het egter tekortkominge. Hierdie navorsing het n metode ondersoek vir die opbou van n databasis eie aan n organisasie deur gebruik te maak van n kombinasie van sensusdata en data eie aan n organisasie. Die data eie aan ri organisasie is vasgele deur gebruik te maak van ri vraelys vir n spesifieke teikengroep. Die inligting wat uit die vraelys verkry is en wat met die spesifieke sensusdataveranderlikes ooreengestem het, is toe gebruik om die relevante sensusveranderlikes by te werk. Skakelingsanalise is daama op die sensusdata uitgevoer ten einde opnemerareas in die Westelike Provinsie te identifiseer wat soortgelyke demografiese en ekonomiese kenmerke gehad het as die areas waarin die vraelysopname gemaak is. Nadat die geskikte opnemerareas gei'dentifiseer is, is die inligting eie aan die organisasie uit die opname geekstrapoleer na hierdie nuwe areas buite die areas waar die opname gemaak is. Die metodologie wat in hierdie navorsing gebruik is, verskaf n metodologie wat organisasies in staat stel om n unieke geodatabasis op te bou deur gebruik te maak van die goeie eienskappe van beide die sensusdata en die data eie aan die gebruiker. Die geodatabasis wat hieruit voortspruit, is een wat die jongste en verbandhoudende inligting bevat en volledige ruimtelike dekking bied.
32
Agarwal, Pragya. "RO-Geo-Place : Reference ontology for geographic place using a principled approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410171.
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Ivanovic, Stefan. "Quality based approach for updating geographic authoritative datasets from crowdsourced GPS traces." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1068/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ces dernières années, le besoin de données géographiques de référence a significativement augmenté. Pour y répondre, il est nécessaire de mettre jour continuellement les données de référence existantes. Cette tâche est coûteuse tant financièrement que techniquement. Pour ce qui concerne les réseaux routiers, trois types de voies sont particulièrement complexes à mettre à jour en continu : les chemins piétonniers, les chemins agricoles et les pistes cyclables. Cette complexité est due à leur nature intermittente (elles disparaissent et réapparaissent régulièrement) et à l’hétérogénéité des terrains sur lesquels elles se situent (forêts, haute montagne, littoral, etc.).En parallèle, le volume de données GPS produites par crowdsourcing et disponibles librement augmente fortement. Le nombre de gens enregistrant leurs positions, notamment leurs traces GPS, est en augmentation, particulièrement dans le contexte d’activités sportives. Ces traces sont rendues accessibles sur les réseaux sociaux, les blogs ou les sites d’associations touristiques. Cependant, leur usage actuel est limité à des mesures et analyses simples telles que la durée totale d’une trace, la vitesse ou l’élévation moyenne, etc. Les raisons principales de ceci sont la forte variabilité de la précision planimétrique des points GPS ainsi que le manque de protocoles et de métadonnées (par ex. la précision du récepteur GPS).Le contexte de ce travail est l’utilisation de traces GPS de randonnées pédestres ou à vélo, collectées par des volontaires, pour détecter des mises à jours potentielles de chemins piétonniers, de voies agricoles et de pistes cyclables dans des données de référence. Une attention particulière est portée aux voies existantes mais absentes du référentiel. L’approche proposée se compose de trois étapes : La première consiste à évaluer et augmenter la qualité des traces GPS acquises par la communauté. Cette qualité a été augmentée en filtrant (1) les points extrêmes à l’aide d’un approche d’apprentissage automatique et (2) les points GPS qui résultent d’une activité humaine secondaire (en dehors de l’itinéraire principal). Les points restants sont ensuite évalués en termes de précision planimétrique par classification automatique. La seconde étape permet de détecter de potentielles mises à jour. Pour cela, nous proposons une solution d’appariement par distance tampon croissante. Cette distance est adaptée à la précision planimétrique des points GPS classifiés pour prendre en compte la forte hétérogénéité de la précision des traces GPS. Nous obtenons ainsi les parties des traces n’ayant pas été appariées au réseau de voies des données de référence. Ces parties sont alors considérées comme de potentielles voies manquantes dans les données de référence. Finalement nous proposons dans la troisième étape une méthode de décision multicritère visant à accepter ou rejeter ces mises à jour possibles. Cette méthode attribue un degré de confiance à chaque potentielle voie manquante. L’approche proposée dans ce travail a été évaluée sur un ensemble de trace GPS multi-sources acquises par crowdsourcing dans le massif des Vosges. Les voies manquantes dans les données de références IGN BDTOPO® ont été détectées avec succès et proposées comme mises à jour potentiellesNowadays, the need for very up to date authoritative spatial data has significantly increased. Thus, to fulfill this need, a continuous update of authoritative spatial datasets is a necessity. This task has become highly demanding in both its technical and financial aspects. In terms of road network, there are three types of roads in particular which are particularly challenging for continuous update: footpath, tractor and bicycle road. They are challenging due to their intermittent nature (e.g. they appear and disappear very often) and various landscapes (e.g. forest, high mountains, seashore, etc.).Simultaneously, GPS data voluntarily collected by the crowd is widely available in a large quantity. The number of people recording GPS data, such as GPS traces, has been steadily increasing, especially during sport and spare time activities. The traces are made openly available and popularized on social networks, blogs, sport and touristic associations' websites. However, their current use is limited to very basic metric analysis like total time of a trace, average speed, average elevation, etc. The main reasons for that are a high variation of spatial quality from a point to a point composing a trace as well as lack of protocols and metadata (e.g. precision of GPS device used).The global context of our work is the use of GPS hiking and mountain bike traces collected by volunteers (VGI traces), to detect potential updates of footpaths, tractor and bicycle roads in authoritative datasets. Particular attention is paid on roads that exist in reality but are not represented in authoritative datasets (missing roads). The approach we propose consists of three phases. The first phase consists of evaluation and improvement of VGI traces quality. The quality of traces was improved by filtering outlying points (machine learning based approach) and points that are a result of secondary human behaviour (activities out of main itinerary). Remained points are then evaluated in terms of their accuracy by classifying into low or high accurate (accuracy) points using rule based machine learning classification. The second phase deals with detection of potential updates. For that purpose, a growing buffer data matching solution is proposed. The size of buffers is adapted to the results of GPS point’s accuracy classification in order to handle the huge variations in VGI traces accuracy. As a result, parts of traces unmatched to authoritative road network are obtained and considered as candidates for missing roads. Finally, in the third phase we propose a decision method where the “missing road” candidates should be accepted as updates or not. This decision method was made in multi-criteria process where potential missing roads are qualified according to their degree of confidence. The approach was tested on multi-sourced VGI GPS traces from Vosges area. Missing roads in IGN authoritative database BDTopo® were successfully detected and proposed as potential updates
34
Cavanaugh, Kenneth J. Jr. "The design of a geographic information system utilizing the systems engineering approach." Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41851.
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Cavanaugh, Kenneth J. "The design of a geographic information system utilizing the systems engineering approach /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020429/.
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Cammarota, George V. "In search of the dingus a geographic approach to The maltese falcon /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464417.
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Dillingham, Iain. "Exploring the geographic uncertainty associated with crowdsourced crisis information : a geovisualisation approach." Thesis, City, University of London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17897/.
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New information and communications technologies, such as mobile phones and social media, have presented the humanitarian community with a dilemma: how should humanitarian organisations integrate information from crisis-affected communities into their decision-making processes whilst guarding against inaccurate information from untrustworthy sources? Advocates of crisis mapping claim that, under certain circumstances, crowdsourcing can increase the accuracy of crisis information. However, whilst previous research has studied the geography of crisis information, the motivations of people who create crisis map mashups, and the motivations of people who crowdsource crisis information, the geography of, and the uncertainty associated with, crowdsourced crisis information has been ignored. As such, the current research is motivated by the desire to explore the geographic uncertainty associated with, and to contribute a better understanding of, crowdsourced crisis information. The current research contributes to the fields of GISc (Geographic Information Science) and crisis informatics; crisis mapping; and geovisualisation specifically and information visualisation more generally. These contributions can be summarised as an approach to, and an understanding of, the geographic uncertainty associated with crowdsourced crisis information; three geovisualisation software prototypes that can be used to identify meaningful patterns in crisis information; and the design, analysis, and evaluation model, which situates the activities associated with designing a software artefact-and using it to undertake analysis-within an evaluative framework. The approach to the geographic uncertainty associated with crowdsourced crisis information synthesised techniques from GISc, geovisualisation, and natural language processing. By following this approach, it was found that location descriptions from the Haiti crisis map did not 'fit' an existing conceptual model, and, consequently, that there is a need for new or enhanced georeferencing methods that attempt to estimate the uncertainty associated with free-text location descriptions from sources of crowdsourced crisis information.
38
Heredia, Manuel. "Méthodologies d’analyse environnementale des filières bioénergie : approches par analyse de cycle de vie et nouvelles approches spatiales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14551/document.
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Cette thèse vise à fournir des bases d’informations et des outils qui font actuellement défaut dans l’analyse environnementale des filières biocarburant, en particulier dans l’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV). Ce travail comprend deux volets complémentaires. Le premier volet s’intéresse aux filières biocarburants à l’échelle internationale. Une étude descriptive permet de définir le système PEC (Production, Elaboration, Consommation) pour représenter ces filières. Dans cette représentation, un outil de reconstitution des filières basé sur les flux d’échanges internationaux en bioproduits est développé. Appliqué aux consommations de biodiesel de l’Union Européenne (UE), cet outil montre que les surfaces agricoles mobilisées au sein l’UE passent de 72% du total en 2004 à 24 % en 2009. Les surfaces agricoles « distantes » (hors UE) sont à la fois mobilisées par importations de bioproduits (22 à 46%) et à travers les importations directes de biodiesel (0 à 40%). Cet outil produit des matrices d’allocations d’impacts basées sur les consommations nationales, utiles pour l’ACV. Le deuxième volet s'intéresse aux zones de production de matières premières en considérant une échelle locale afin d’intégrer leurs hétérogénéités spatiales et leurs spécificités territoriales. Les zones de production sont localisées dans les principaux pays producteurs approvisionnant les filières biocarburants de l’UE. L’examen de ces situations de production permet d’identifier la nature des impacts locaux in situ et d’en analyser la criticité en fonction du contexte national et territorial. Des approches spatialisées à partir de Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) sont appliquées aux filières bioéthanol au Brésil. Ces approches aboutissent à la caractérisation des zones d’emprises dues aux unités de bioéthanol au Brésil, ainsi qu’à la mesure d’indicateurs propres aux différents bassins de production identifiés (stabilité spatiotemporelle de l’expansion de la canne à sucre). La compréhension des structurations et des interactions à l’échelle des filières couplée à la mise en œuvre d’approches spatialisées conduit à mieux prendre en compte les aspects spatiaux prépondérants dans l’analyse environnementale et les études ACV des biocarburants consommés en EuropeThis work aims to provide informations and tools that are currently lacking in the environmental analysis of biofuels, especially in the life cycle analysis (LCA). This work includes two complementary parts. The first part focuses on biofuels supply chains at international scale. A descriptive study allows us to define the PEC system (Production, Elaboration, Consumption) to represent these supply chains. A tool is developed to describe and quantify PEC entities from biofuel consumption to areas of primary crops production. This tool is applied to biodiesel consumption in the EU using bioproducts flows data taken from international trade databases. It shows that biodiesel consumption involves a rapidly growing contribution of crop areas outside the EU (Non-EU), increasing from 28% in 2004 to 76% in 2009. Non-EU crop areas are indeed simultaneously mobilised through imports of bioproducts (22-46%) and through direct imports of biodiesel (0-40%). This tool eventually produces allocation matrices, based on national consumption, which are useful for LCA. The second part focuses on primary crops areas by considering a local level in order to integrate their spatial heterogeneities and territorial specificities. Primary crop areas in major producing countries supplying EU's biofuel consumptions are localised. Examination of the production situation in important countries allows to identify the nature of in situ local impacts and to study criticality of impacts in the national and territorial context. Then, spatial approaches based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are applied to bioethanol industries in Brazil. In this approach, about 620 ethanol plants in Brazil are localised using GIS and their supply areas are characterised. This leads to the measurement of specific indicators, such as spatiotemporal patterns of sugarcane expansion. These results are a contribution to the understanding of the structure and interactions among supply chains and to a better consideration of the spatial aspects in environmental analysis and LCA studies of biofuels consumed in Europe
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Kim, Kamyoung. "Spatial analytical approaches for supporting security monitoring." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186593136.
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Yamak, Cagatay. "Investigation Over A National Fire Danger Approach For Turkey With Geographic Information Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608030/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study was to investigate Meteorological Fire Danger Indices for Turkey. A number of internationally implemented fire danger indices were calculated with Fire Danger Processing software and their performances
were tested with Mandallaz and Ye&rsquos Performance Score Method. As a result, among other meteorological fire danger indices that have been applied by several fire fighting administrations and services, the U.S. National Fire Danger Rating System, Mc.Arthur&rsquo
s Fuel Moisture Model and Forest Fire Weather Index, BEHAVE Fine Fuel Moisture Model and Keetch Byram Drought Index, the Canadian Fire Weather Index was selected as the best performing fire danger index for Turkey. Calibrated with monthly fire history data of the last 5 years&rsquo
records, the results during the determined fire season were integrated with vegetation cover data for Turkey, derived from GLC 2000 global land cover data. Besides, daily performance of the Canadian Fire Weather Index was observed by three consecutive days in August 2006 and the outcomes were evaluated with the information about fire events compiled from newspaper archives. The study is a first attempt for further fire related analysis at the national scale
an attempt to establish an early warning system and a spatial base for mitigation effort for the wild fire phenomenon in Turkey.
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Chen, Lijian. "Spatial analysis of housing markets using the hedonic approach with geographic information systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11989.
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Wang, Mian. "Extending geographic information systems to urban morphological analysis with a space syntax approach." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13384.
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Branches of complexity theory have been widely employed in geographic information systems (GIS) to explore phenomena that appear in urban environments. Among these, space syntax, as an urban morphological application of complexity theory, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Accordingly, many computer-based tools have been developed to realize related analysis spatially, especially those that can be integrated as functions with GIS. In this thesis, a space syntax tool – Axwoman – is redeveloped and tested as an extension of ESRI ArcGIS Desktop in order to fulfill certain specific needs in urban morphological analysis. It is primarily used to calculate all space syntax measures for several urban systems and to explore the relationships between these measures. To meet the needs for this new version of Axwoman, several functions have been updated and changed, for drawing, coloring, and classifying axial lines as maps for visual thinking; ticking overpasses and excluding them from computing space syntax parameters; and integrating AxialGen and Axwoman. In accordance with this, several case studies have been performed on the urban street networks in large cities. In this paper, Stockholm was chosen as the study object at both the urban level and the building level. After the scaling analysis and time efficiency analysis, the results are also interpreted from a structural point of view and in terms of how the function of space is subject to its morphological structure. Finally, the connectivity of axial lines (a spatial measurement in space syntax theory) was found to follow a power-law distribution. Through this work, the new edition of Axwoman generating satisfactory outputs, the research have proved that the connectivity of axial lines follows a lognormal distribution or a power-law-like distribution, which is one of the heavy-tailed distributions. In addition, it was have found that axial lines better for capture the underlying urban morphologies showed in their study on redefining the generated axial lines from street center lines. Moreover, fewer longest axial lines will show up on the maps, just as coincidental as the shape of mental maps, which proved that the axial line representations can be a powerful tool for urban studies.
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Serrallés, Roberto Juan. "Electricity, policy and landscape : an integrated geographic approach to renewable electric energy development /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3153797.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-236). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Sill, Paul E. (Paul Eric). "Assessing Regional Gully Erosion Risk: A Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332453/.
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Gully erosion has been established as a major source of sediment pollution in the upper Trinity River watershed in north-central Texas. This fact, along with a lack of models appropriate for a large-area gully erosion analysis established a need for a gully erosion study in the upper Trinity basin. This thesis project attempted to address this need by deriving an index indicative of gully erosion risk using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) methodology. In context of previous field studies, the coarse spatial resolution of the input GIS data layers presented a challenge to prediction of gully prone areas. However, the remote sensing/GIS approach was found to provide useful reconnaissance information on gully risk over large areas.
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Brook, Orian. "Explaining cultural participation in the UK : a geographical approach." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11382.
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This thesis addresses the subject of cultural participation, specifically attendance at cultural venues in the UK. This is a topic that interests sociologists, in terms of the social construction of cultural judgements, and how cultural consumption reinforces and perpetuates social stratification. It also interests cultural funders, in understanding who benefits from the public subsidy of cultural organisations. However, the relationship between cultural participation and geographical access to cultural facilities, a conceptually simple idea, has hardly been addressed in either of these literatures. Within geography there is extensive evidence for the significant effect of distance on use of public facilities. The differences in provision of public services or “spatial equity” that people experience according to where they live means that neighbourhoods act as “opportunity structures”. The empirical work in this thesis is presented in four chapters written as standalone papers. Nonetheless the thesis represents a unified piece of work, addressing common research questions, as elaborated in the conceptual framework and research design chapters, through four case studies. This thesis overall, and in each study, extends the explanation of cultural participation being driven by social stratification, to understand the effect of access to cultural infrastructure on participation. Using both survey and administrative data, covering Scotland and London, a range of analytical techniques and innovative accessibility measures are used to assess the impact of access to facilities on participation. The effect of access, as well as other spatial variables including access to public transport, commuting behaviour and competing destinations, are found to be highly significant, with comparable effects to the social stratification previously identified. These findings have important implications for cultural policy. Arts funders may justify the continued regional differences in levels of cultural funding on their support of the creative industries, which demonstrate spatial agglomeration. However, on the evidence presented here, it is not sustainable to continue to claim that the supply of arts venues has little effect on cultural participation (Marsh et al. 2010b, 112).
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Chow, Man-hong, and 周文康. "An evaluation of existing open space in Hong Kong: GIS & location allocation modeling approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893545.
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Gonzago, Kevin. "Hazweb: An Internet approach to mapping hazardous locations." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2747.
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The purpose of the project was to develop a Web application using GIS data that would map addresses or coordinate information and then find any hazardous areas that may fall within a given distance to this location. The geographic area of this project covers the extent of cities San Bernardino, Redlands, and Yucaipa, California.
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Morris, Andrew Justin. "A visual approach to the development of spatial query languages for geographic information systems." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289419.
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Kapo, Katherine E. "Eco-Epidemiological Analysis for Screening-Level Ecological Risk Assessment: A Geographic Information Systems Approach." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1246903901.
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Agnarson, Lars. "Estonia's health geography : West versus east - an ethnic approach." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-162.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose with this essay is to explore the social changes in relation to changes in mortality for the two largest ethnic groups in Estonia; ethnic Estonians and the Russian minority. Since this is a geographical essay, my purpose is also to explore these changes in relation to the country’s internal geography. As these changes appear over time in space, the content is partly rooted in a time geographical point of view. It is also rooted in a regional geographical point of view, since I have been comparing the mentioned changes between different areas in Estonia (with considerations on developments abroad).
Two different development lines can be seen as a consequence of the social changes taking place in the 1990s. While the ethnic Estonians situation has improved, the Russian minority’s situation has instead declined regarding to social existence and health. As a result the mortality has increased enormously for the Russian minority. The ethnic Estonians had also a mortality increase in practically all studied causes of death in all studied areas, but this increase wasn’t as high as for the Russian minority. Nevertheless, when comparing two different counties with each other as well as with the country as whole, the pattern seems to be more complicated. The Russians living in the western county of Läänemaa, have been affected more favourably by the social change than those living in the north-eastern county of Ida-Virumaa. Except for mortality by alcohol poisoning, the Russians living in Läänemaa had a much lower mortality increase than those living in Ida-Viruma and even compared with the country as whole.
It seems as those Russians living in the western parts of Estonia have been affected more favourably than those living in the north-eastern parts. These structures are very much depending on the history, since most of the Russians living in the north-eastern area immigrated during the Soviet era, while the western parts had a much earlier immigration of Russians. Considering the time and place of the Russian immigration, one can divide the Russian minority in two groups; those in the west, and those in the east.