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Journal articles on the topic 'Geodelic languages'
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1
HERMILLER, SUSAN, DEREK F. HOLT, and SARAH REES. "STAR-FREE GEODESIC LANGUAGES FOR GROUPS." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 17, no. 02 (2007): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196707003603.
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In this article we show that every group with a finite presentation satisfying one or both of the small cancellation conditions C′(1/6) and C′(1/4) - T(4) has the property that the set of all geodesics (over the same generating set) is a star-free regular language. Star-free regularity of the geodesic set is shown to be dependent on the generating set chosen, even for free groups. We also show that the class of groups whose geodesic sets are star-free with respect to some generating set is closed under taking graph (and hence free and direct) products, and includes all virtually abelian groups.
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JOHNSGARD, KARIN. "TWO AUTOMATIC SPANNING TREES IN SMALL CANCELLATION GROUP PRESENTATIONS." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 06, no. 04 (1996): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196796000258.
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Gersten and Short showed that group presentations satisfying certain minimal small cancellation conditions are automatic. The automatic structure they described does not have unique group element representatives. It is easy, however, to modify their language to produce an automatic spanning tree of geodesics: that is, an automatic structure of geodesics which is both prefix-closed and has unique representatives. When combined with a construction showing that all geodesic representatives of a group element are encoded in a tiling of a particular geometric form, this shows that in fact the language of lexicographically least geodesics is also automatic (it is clearly a spanning tree).
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Shevshenko, G. G. "Using search methods for leveling and assessing the accuracy of elementary geodetic constructions." Geodesy and Cartography 952, no. 10 (2019): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-952-10-10-20.
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The author provides information about the search methods of adjustment and assessment of the elementary geodetic constructions accuracy on the example of a geodesic triangle under various initial conditions. An algorithm for combining Powell and DSC search methods used to solve the problem posed in the article is given. To equalize the geodesic constructions under consideration by the search method, a program for finding the minimum of the objective function is made, it implements the algorithm described in the article. This program works in the Microsoft Excel format as a macro recorded in the VBA language. Examples of equalization calculations are given. Accuracy assessment of the adjustment results by the search method of the geodesic triangle under different initial conditions is performed. The obtained adjustment results and accuracy estimates are compared with the calculations performed in the NW program by Professor Kougiya V. A. confirmed the correctness of the search method application.
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LOEFFLER, JOSEPH, JOHN MEIER, and JAMES WORTHINGTON. "GRAPH PRODUCTS AND CANNON PAIRS." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 12, no. 06 (2002): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819670200122x.
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A pair (G, A) consisting of a group G and a finite generating set A is a Cannon pair if the language of all geodesics in the associated Cayley graph is regular. We prove that the Cannon pair property is preserved by graph products and indicate applications of this result to the geodesic and spherical growth series of graph products.
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Shea, Kristina, and Jonathan Cagan. "Innovative dome design: Applying geodesic patterns with shape annealing." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 5 (1997): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400003310.
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AbstractShape annealing, a computational design method applied to structural design, has been extended to the design of traditional and innovative three-dimensional domes that incorporate the design goals of efficiency, economy, utility, and elegance. In contrast to deterministic structural optimization methods, shape annealing, a stochastic method, uses lateral exploration to generate multiple designs of similar quality that form a structural language of solutions. Structural languages can serve to enhance designer creativity by presenting multiple, spatially innovative, yet functional design solutions while also providing insight into the interaction between structural form and the trade-offs involved in multi-objective design. The style of the structures within a language is a product of the shape grammar that defines the allowable structural forms and the optimization model that provides a functional measure of the generated forms to determine the desirable designs. This paper presents an application of geodesic dome patterns that have been embodied in a shape grammar to define a structural language of domes. Within this language of domes, different dome styles are generated by changing the optimization model for dome design to include the design goals of maximum enclosure space, minimum surface area, minimum number of distinct cross-sectional areas, and visual uniformity. The strengths of the method that will be shown are 1) the generation of both conventional domes similar to shape optimization results and spatially innovative domes, 2) the generation of design alternatives within a defined design style, and 3) the generation of different design styles by modifying the language semantics provided by the optimization model.
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Chrobak, Marzena. "Komunikacja językowa w osiemnastowiecznych francuskich wyprawach naukowych do Laponii, Peru i Afryki Południowej." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 4(54) (2021): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.54.02.
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Interlingual Communication during French Scientific Expeditions to Lappland, Peru and South Africa in the 18th Century
 In this paper, I try to outline the image of the interlingual communication during scientific expeditions by detecting and analysing remarks about such instances in the narratives by the expeditions’ commanders. I analyse a narrative of Maupertuis on his geodesic mission to Lappland (1734- 1735), two narratives of La Condamine on his geodesic mission to Peru (1735-1743), and two narratives of Le Vaillant on his travels across South Africa (1781-1784). During his short stay in Lappland, Maupertuis was assisted by a Swedish astronomer and by a Laponian, both speaking French and Finnish. La Condamine and Le Vaillant learned local languages (Spanish, Quechua; Hottentot, Namaqua) in order to eliminate the intermediation of an interpreter. In linguistically fragmented areas, they worked with random natural interpreters. French scientists also made use of the native inhabitants’ familiarity with European languages: official languages of the colonies (Spanish in Peru, Dutch in South Africa) and French, the language of social, cultural and scientific discourse in the 18th century, which they acquired for pleasure.
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HERMILLER, SUSAN, DEREK F. HOLT, and SARAH REES. "GROUPS WHOSE GEODESICS ARE LOCALLY TESTABLE." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 18, no. 05 (2008): 911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196708004676.
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A regular set of words is (k-)locally testable if membership of a word in the set is determined by the nature of its subwords of some bounded length k. In this article we study groups for which the set of all geodesic words with respect to some generating set is (k-)locally testable, and we call such groups (k-)locally testable. We show that a group is 1-locally testable if and only if it is free abelian. We show that the class of (k-)locally testable groups is closed under taking finite direct products. We show also that a locally testable group has finitely many conjugacy classes of torsion elements. Our work involved computer investigations of specific groups, for which purpose we implemented an algorithm in GAP to compute a finite state automaton with language equal to the set of all geodesics of a group (assuming that this language is regular), starting from a shortlex automatic structure. We provide a brief description of that algorithm.
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Hermiller, Susan, and Zoran Šunić. "No positive cone in a free product is regular." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 27, no. 08 (2017): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196717500527.
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We show that there exists no left order on the free product of two nontrivial, finitely generated, left-orderable groups such that the corresponding positive cone is represented by a regular language. Since there are orders on free groups of rank at least two with positive cone languages that are context-free (in fact, 1-counter languages), our result provides a bound on the language complexity of positive cones in free products that is the best possible within the Chomsky hierarchy. It also provides a strengthening of a result by Cristóbal Rivas which states that the positive cone in a free product of nontrivial, finitely generated, left-orderable groups cannot be finitely generated as a semigroup. As another illustration of our method, we show that the language of all geodesics (with respect to the natural generating set) that represent positive elements in a graph product of groups defined by a graph of diameter at least 3 cannot be regular.
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Elder, Murray. "Regular geodesic languages and the falsification by fellow traveler property." Algebraic & Geometric Topology 5, no. 1 (2005): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/agt.2005.5.129.
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Nasreddine, Kamal, and Abdesslam Benzinou. "Shape geodesics for robust sign language recognition." IET Image Processing 13, no. 5 (2019): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2018.5282.
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Charney, Ruth, and John Meier. "The language of geodesics for Garside groups." Mathematische Zeitschrift 248, no. 3 (2004): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00209-004-0666-8.
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Freden, Eric M., Teresa Knudson, and Jennifer Schofield. "Growth in Baumslag–Solitar groups I: subgroups and rationality." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 14 (February 1, 2011): 34–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s146115700900028x.
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AbstractThe computation of growth series for the higher Baumslag–Solitar groups is an open problem first posed by de la Harpe and Grigorchuk. We study the growth of the horocyclic subgroup as the key to the overall growth of these Baumslag–Solitar groups BS(p,q), where 1<p<q. In fact, the overall growth series can be represented as a modified convolution product with one of the factors being based on the series for the horocyclic subgroup. We exhibit two distinct algorithms that compute the growth of the horocyclic subgroup and discuss the time and space complexity of these algorithms. We show that when p divides q, the horocyclic subgroup has a geodesic combing whose words form a context-free (in fact, one-counter) language. A theorem of Chomsky–Schützenberger allows us to compute the growth series for this subgroup, which is rational. When p does not divide q, we show that no geodesic combing for the horocyclic subgroup forms a context-free language, although there is a context-sensitive geodesic combing. We exhibit a specific linearly bounded Turing machine that accepts this language (with quadratic time complexity) in the case of BS(2,3) and outline the Turing machine construction in the general case.
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Barot, Charlotte, Louise Chevalier, Lucie Martin, and Véronique Izard. "“Now I Get It!”: Eureka Experiences During the Acquisition of Mathematical Concepts." Open Mind 8 (2024): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00116.
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Abstract Many famous scientists have reported anecdotes where a new understanding occurred to them suddenly, in an unexpected flash. Do people generally experience such “Eureka” moments when learning science concepts? And if so, do these episodes truly vehicle sudden insights, or is this impression illusory? To address these questions, we developed a paradigm where participants were taught the mathematical concept of geodesic, which generalizes the common notion of straight line to straight trajectories drawn on curved surfaces. After studying lessons introducing this concept on the sphere, participants (N = 56) were tested on their understanding of geodesics on the sphere and on other surfaces. Our findings indicate that Eureka experiences are common when learning mathematics, with reports by 34 (61%) participants. Moreover, Eureka experiences proved an accurate description of participants’ learning, in two respects. First, Eureka experiences were associated with learning and generalization: the participants who reported experiencing Eurekas performed better at identifying counterintuitive geodesics on new surfaces. Second, and in line with the firstperson experience of a sudden insight, our findings suggest that the learning mechanisms responsible for Eureka experiences are inaccessible to reflective introspection. Specifically, reports of Eureka experiences and of participants’ confidence in their own understanding were associated with different profiles of performance, indicating that the mechanisms bringing about Eureka experiences and those informing reflective confidence were at least partially dissociated. Learning mathematical concepts thus appears to involve mechanisms that operate unconsciously, except when a key computational step is reached and a sudden insight breaks into consciousness.
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Shapiro, Michael, and Walter D. Neumann. "Regular geodesic normal forms in virtually Abelian groups." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 55, no. 3 (1997): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700034171.
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Antolín, Yago, and Laura Ciobanu. "Finite generating sets of relatively hyperbolic groups and applications to geodesic languages." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 368, no. 11 (2016): 7965–8010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/6701.
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Cleary, Sean, Murray Elder, and Jennifer Taback. "Cone types and geodesic languages for lamplighter groups and Thompson's group F." Journal of Algebra 303, no. 2 (2006): 476–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2005.11.016.
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Pachelski, Wojciech, Małgorzata Paśnicka, Karolina Szafranek, and Agnieszka Zwirowicz-Rutkowska. "Geokinematics in GGOS - Different Relations and Dependences." Artificial Satellites 46, no. 1 (2011): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10018-011-0008-0.
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Geokinematics in GGOS - Different Relations and Dependences The paper presents the preliminary results of the analysis of fundamental dependencies between different geodetic concepts related to the one of the GGOS (Global Geodetic Observation System) pillars called Geometry and Kinematics. These relationships are described using UML (Unified Modelling Language) - one of the graphical notations that can be used for information modelling. Concepts are represented as classes with their names, attributes, and different kinds of links between them. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the full description of connections between all GGOS components.
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Wu, Shuai. "A Method for Calculating the Band Change of Gauss Projection Coordinates." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (2023): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v5i1.5662.
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In geodesy, many surveying projects are carried out on the plane, which requires the transformation of geodetic coordinates, the element on the ellipsoid, into plane coordinates, and each independent coordinate system has new contradictions due to zoning. Based on the basic geometric parameters and the mathematical description of the earth ellipsoid, this paper introduces the principle of Gauss projection method. Since Gauss Krueger projection is currently used in China, this paper introduces the principle and method of Gauss projection, and deduces the correlation between the Gauss plane coordinates (x, y) and the geodetic coordinates (L, (B)), that is, the forward and reverse calculation formulas of Gauss projection. With the help of Gauss projection as a communication "bridge", the coordinate transformation calculation is studied from geodetic coordinate transformation, and its advantages and disadvantages are compared with other methods. Based on the 1954 Beijing coordinate system and 1980 Xi'an coordinate system commonly used in China, a geodetic coordinate conversion system is compiled using C # language, and the forward and inverse calculation of Gaussian projection is realized.
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Šljivarić, Marko, Milan Rezo, Nikola Kranjčić, and Danko Markovinović. "GML based manipulation of geodetic and mechanical data." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 2 (2019): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180929165737.
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Ever since the Rulebook on cadaster of infrastructure has been published there has been constantly growing need for efficient data manipulation. However, data manipulation has been an issue for a very long period of time. This paper will provide solution in manipulation of geodetic and mechanical data for City of Zagreb gas plant. All the solutions are given in Geography markup language, GML.
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Nikonov, Anton V. "TO DISCUSSION ON APPLICATION OF TERMS ”ERROR” AND ”UNCERTAINTY” IN GEODESY." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-1-137-143.
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The article deals with the terminological question caused by the use of different terms in modern geodetic literature - ”error” and ”uncertainty”. The results of the discussion on this issue, which took place on the pages of the journal «Geodesy and Cartography» in 1970-1980s, are presented. There is a change in terms and definitions in the three metrological standards of 1970, 1999 and 2013. It is noted that to maintain the purity and rigor of the national geodetic language, it is advisable to use the terms ”error” and ”mean square error” instead of the terms ”error” and ”standard deviation”.
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Ndirangu, David Maina, Benson Kipkemboi Kenduiywo, and Edward Hunja Waithaka. "A WEB-BASED GIS PORTAL FOR SIMULATING GEODETIC CONTROL NETWORKS IN REPUBLIC OF KENYA." Geodesy and cartography 46, no. 4 (2020): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2020.11211.
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Geodetic networks development begun in Kenya and Africa as a whole at the dawn of 20th century. Consequently, enormous geodetic data has been realized. In Kenya, the data was recorded in form of paper trigonometric cards, paper topographic maps, and paper cadastral map sheets and centrally archived in the ministry of lands and physical planning headquarters in Nairobi. This was to assist locate and visualize suitable survey of Kenya geodetic pillar of interest to user. However, the user still has to commute to the headquarters in order to physically acquire coordinate information of any pillar in the country. This circumstance has fabricated a framework that has triggered accumulation of millions of paper records. The effectiveness and efficiency of serving the users is greatly undermined by the manual process. Therefore, an alternative solution is necessary to alleviate dependence on an outdated manual process. As a result, this study sought to fill this gap by designing a web geoportal for management of geodetic control networks and user access which incorporates making of payments of coordinates in different systems remotely. The geoportal comprises of an integration of a database management system, a server configuration and a website with an automated data access through a payment gateway. Java scripts and python programming languages were used. The final platform has the following capabilities: spatial visualization, co-ordinates system conversion, online payment, and request and access of data remotely. We foresee that the system will aid the ministry of lands and physical planning to disseminate geodetic information to users efficiently and effectively while tracking revenue payments.
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Bălă, Alina Corina, B. C. Drăgulescu, and Floarea-Maria Brebu. "Analyzing Rinex Data Files Using the Python Programming Language." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 14, no. 1 (2024): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2024-0021.
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Abstract The techniques and tools developed for geodetic determinations have made it possible, over the past half century, to carry out measurements using global navigation satellite systems. As the accuracy and precision of positioning solutions, such as Fast Static and RTK, improve through technological advances, more applications will become available that can provide users with positioning information over time, autonomously verify the integrity of transmitted data, and ensure sufficient accuracy for their intended purposes. In our study for the interpretation, analysis, and visualization of raw and/or processed RINEX GNSS data recorded over time at a geodetic point using the information available from the Fast Static technique, we used the GeoRinex library from the Python programming language. This library converts data to xarray.data set, for easy use in processing parameter sets, from Rinex files: of ROMPOS reference stations and of the new B10 point resulting from measurements using the Fast Static technique: pseudorange (C1, C2, P1, P2....), carrier phase (L1, L2,…), doppler (D1, D2....) and signal strength (S1, S2....). All this information will help us to analyse and interpret the degradation of the parameters associated with Rinex version 2.11 epoch positioning files 12.02.2023, time interval 12:00-14:00 (fast static) and to understand their accuracy and behavior in different environments. Based on this study, our aim was to evaluate the error in determining the positioning accuracy of the B10 point located in a crowded and heavily trafficked area, which allows sufficient coverage of the GNSS satellites.
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Noga, Karol. "Planning and Implementation of Construction Investments - The Basic Stage of Works." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 4 (2021): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0056.
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Abstract The subject of this article is the evaluation of geodetic and geotechnical works with the use of an appropriate program for this type of work. On the example of a selected investment in Podkarpacie, the research analyzed the validity of conducting current geodetic and geotechnical control works. It should be emphasized that most of the technical specifications do not recommend the use of this type of control work. The paper presents exemplary test results and calculations based on the software used.
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Al zubaidy, Riyadh Z., Hussen A. Mahdi, and Hind Sabah Hanooka. "Optimized Zero and First Order Design of Micro Geodetic Networks." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 12 (2012): 1344–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.12.05.
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Precision is one of the main elements that control the quality of a geodetic network, which defines as the measure of the network efficiency in propagation of random errors. This research aims to solve ZOD and FOD problems for a geodetic network using Rosenbrock Method to optimize the geodetic networks by using MATLAB programming language, to find the optimal design of geodetic network with high precision. ZOD problem was applied to a case study network consists of 19 points and 58 designed distances with a priori deviation equal to 5mm, to determine the best points in the network to consider as control points. The results showed that P55 and P73 having the minimum ellipse of error and considered as control points. FOD problem was applied to three cases of selected network to analyzed using the objective function of A-Optimality and D-Optimality, with selected range of movement of 300m to each point in each direction. The first case was a free network, the second case was with P55 and P73 as control points, and the third case was with P42 and P44 as control points. The results showed that the third case was the optimal design with high precision
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Su, Hang Lu. "Formal language convexity in left-orderable groups." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 30, no. 07 (2020): 1437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196720500472.
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We propose a criterion for preserving the regularity of a formal language representation when passing from groups to subgroups. We use this criterion to show that the regularity of a positive cone language in a left-orderable group passes to its finite index subgroups, and to show that there exists no left order on a finitely generated acylindrically hyperbolic group such that the corresponding positive cone is represented by a quasi-geodesic regular language. We also answer one of Navas’ questions by giving an example of an infinite family of groups which admit a positive cone that is generated by exactly [Formula: see text] generators, for every [Formula: see text]. As a special case of our construction, we obtain a finitely generated positive cone for [Formula: see text].
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Guzmán Naranjo, Matías, and Gerhard Jäger. "Euclide, the crow, the wolf and the pedestrian: distance metrics for linguistic typology." Open Research Europe 3 (June 21, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16141.1.
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It is common for people working on linguistic geography, language contact and typology to make use of some type of distance metric between lects. However, most work so far has either used Euclidean distances, or geodesic distance, both of which do not represent the real separation between communities very accurately. This paper presents two datasets: one on walking distances and one on topographic distances between over 8700 lects across all macro-areas. We calculated walking distances using Open Street Maps data, and topographic distances using digital elevation data. We evaluate these distances. We evaluate these distance metrics on three case studies and show that topographic distance tends to outperform the other distance metrics, but geodesic distances can be used as an adequate approximation in some cases.
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Zablotskii, Vladimir. "A New Approach to Teaching C++ Programming for Cartography Students by Means Training Programs with Emphasizing Cartography and Geodesy." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-155-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A new course of C++ programming for cartographers and surveyors has been developed. Pedagogical experiments were carried out in the period of 2009–2019 in Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography. The new course focuses on the use of cartographic tasks and geodetic exercises to illustrate various programming language constructions. Direct and inverse geodetic problem, position determination via a topographic map, work with a theodolite when performing angular measurements, leveling, etc. are considered in training modules. Programs are used as supporting data during the lectures, and as tasks for practical. This is the main purpose of the training. Currently, more than fifty training programs are used in the training process. All programs contain no more than 60 lines of code to ease the understanding of the program by students. The examples the typical training programs for students studying the C++ are discussed. The first program Theodolite is designed to study the concept of class, constructor, destructor, and object-oriented programming in general. The second program focuses to solve the inverse of the geodetic task.</p>
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Zhang, Yuanhang. "The Application of Earth Art in the Landscape Design of Public Space." Highlights in Art and Design 2, no. 1 (2023): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v2i1.5324.
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The modern landscape design trend that emerged in the background of the times is a product of the continuous development of social politics, economy and As one of the more unusual ideas in modern landscape design, Earth Art was born in the wilderness in the early stages of its development and was subject to some limitations in terms of place and concept, but some of the ideas derived from its work for the earth. subject to some limitations in terms of place and concept, but some of the ideas derived from its work for the earthy landscape environment gradually took Earth art attempts to reclaim nature as a space for experience, as a space for reconstructing Earth art attempts to reclaim nature as a space for experience, as a space for reconstructing the relationship between people and the environment, and in some ways it has become an approach that can be drawn upon to develop a new language for the This thesis takes the geodesic landscape as the object of study and establishes an aesthetic paradigm for the landscape based on the study consists of three levels of the aesthetic paradigm for the landscape: the first level of the aesthetic nature of the geodesic art landscape (the first level of the aesthetic nature of the landscape) and the first level of the aesthetic nature of the landscape. the first level of the aesthetic nature of the geodesic art landscape (value theory), the second level of the aesthetic scope of the geodesic art landscape (methodology), and the third level of the third level of the aesthetic form of the geodesic art landscape (design approach). Through the study of the aesthetic thought of geodesic landscapes, a deeper understanding of geodesic landscapes will be enhanced and a reference By clarifying the aesthetic thinking of contemporary landscape development, it will enable a better By clarifying the aesthetic thinking of contemporary landscape development, it will enable a better integration of modern western landscape design thinking with China's local environment and provide a theoretical basis for China's urban landscape The thesis uses both documentary research methods and case studies to analyse and study three aspects of the aesthetic nature, The thesis uses both documentary research methods and case studies to analyse and study three aspects of the aesthetic nature, aesthetic categories and aesthetic forms of earth art landscapes.
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Slaboch, Václav. "Surveying Curriculum from the Point of View of Multidisciplinarity." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 2 (December 19, 2007): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.2.2.
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The multidisciplinarity and globalization makes fade the differencesamong professions and surveying is no exception. CLGE – CLGE has aname in two of the many European languages English and French, namely“The Council of European Geodetic Surveyors” and “Comit´e de Liaisondes Géomètres Européens”. A “Multilateral Agreement” on mutualrecognition of qualification in surveying was signed in 2005 inBrussels by representatives of Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerlandand Luxembourg. In 2006 also Slovakia joint this Agreement. Thesignature by the Czech Republic is recently under discussion.
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Elder, Murray. "A context-free and a 1-counter geodesic language for a Baumslag–Solitar group." Theoretical Computer Science 339, no. 2-3 (2005): 344–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.03.026.
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Guzmán Naranjo, Matías, and Gerhard Jäger. "Euclide, the crow, the wolf and the pedestrian: distance metrics for linguistic typology." Open Research Europe 3 (July 2, 2024): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16141.2.
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It is common for people working on linguistic geography, language contact and typology to make use of some type of distance metric between lects. However, most work so far has either used Euclidean distances, or geodesic distance, both of which do not represent the real separation between communities very accurately. This paper presents two datasets: one on walking distances and one on topographic distances between over 8700 lects across all macro-areas. We calculated walking distances using Open Street Maps data, and topographic distances using digital elevation data. We evaluate these distance metrics on three case studies and show that from the four distances, the topographic and geodesic distances showed the most consistent performance across datasets, and would be likely to be reasonable first choices. At the same time, in most cases, the Euclidean distances were not much worse than the other distances, and might be a good enough approximation in cases for which performance is critical, or the dataset cover very large areas, and the point-location information is not very precise.
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Holubinka, Nadiya. "LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXT TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN (ON THE MATERIAL OF GEODESIC TERMINOLOGY)." Acta Neophilologica 2, no. XX (2019): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.3640.
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 This article analyzes typical problems that arise when translating scientific and technical texts in the field of geodesy from the Russian language into Ukrainian. The analysis of complex cases that appear in the process of translation of scientific texts gives us grounds to assert that their distribution into lexical and grammatical aspects is rather conditional, since in each language, including Ukrainian, the grammatical is combined with the lexical, and transmission methods in the translation of grammatical forms and structures often depends on their lexical content. The ways of overcoming these problems are suggested, which will contribute to the process of affirming in the scientific style specific traditions, inherent in the Ukrainian language, both at the lexical and grammatical levels. These traditions have taken the back seat under the influence of a long period of the Russian language dominating in the field of science.
 
 
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Mikhailov, V. I., and N. O. Kuprienko. "Geodetic Measurement of Deformations of Load-Bearing Supports and Structures of the Komarovsky Market Building during its Operation." Science & Technique 23, no. 1 (2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2023-23-1-5-12.
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Komarovsky market is the largest covered market in Belarus and Europe. It started working in 1980. Until 2000, the operation of the market building was carried out without taking into account the uniqueness and increased requirements for objects of such type. The technical conditions and operating rules for the precast-monolithic reinforced concrete pavement shell with dimensions of 103´103 m have not been met. This led to the fact that individual elements were in a pre-emergency state. Scientists and specialists of the Belarussian State Polytechnical Academy carried out work on the examination of the technical condition and operational suitability of the Komarovsky market building. It is recommended to carry out geodetic control of coating shell deflections, deformations of side elements and supports at least once a quarter. To do this, a geodetic planned and high-altitude justification was created along the perimeter of the market building and on its mezzanines, from which deformations of the coating shell and side elements were measured. Therefore, the height position of the mezzanines was checked by the class-IV leveling. For mathematical processing of the results of high-precision geodetic observations in the Visual Basic language of the Excel editor, a complex “Geodetic Programs” was compiled, which is located on the Belarusian National Technical University website and in the local network of the University. For 21 years, the software package has been used by the authors not only to solver scientific and production problems, but also in the educational process. It is advisable to introduce programs in other educational institutions and industrial enterprises of the Republic of Belarus to solve the problems of engineering geodesy. The settlement measurements of the pile foundations of the market building were carried out by the class-II geometric leveling using КоNi 007 instrument. The coating shell deflections were determined by trigonometric leveling with a 2Т2 theodolite and a Leica TCR 1201 electronic tacheometer according special technique. An accuracy of the order of 1–2 mm was ensured by short sighting beams. The displacements of the onboard elements were measured with a theodolite and electronic tacheometer using the polar method and circular technique. During the geodetic control, the measured values of deflections of the coating shell, deformations of the side elements and pile supports did not exceed the established tolerances, which indicates the stability of all load-bearing structures of the Komarovsky market building.
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Voytenko, A. V. "Realization of the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique and its accuracy." Geodesy and Cartography 927, no. 9 (2017): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-927-9-42-49.
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The article notes that the replacement of the English name «Precise Point Positioning» (PPP) in Russian-language sources is possible using the term «accurate differential positioning» (TDP) technique. The author proposes to use both terms. This article contains information about the practical implementation of the PPP in the on-line service. The author has analyzed the research on the accuracy of PPP foreign and domestic experts and scholars. The author analyzed the data about the convergence time for PPP solutions. These data belong to another Russian scientist. The results of evaluating the accuracy of the PPP of different scientists led to the next. The author of this article gave the mean square errors topocentric coordinates of the geodetic points. The coordinates of the points must be obtained by dual-frequency GPS-measurements for a period of 24 hours with the help of PPP. The author proposed a formula for the calculation of the mean square error of the spatial position of geodetic point, if its position is obtained in the processing of dual-frequency GPS-observations of less than 24 hours. The article written conclusions about the features, defects and PPP development.
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Hrybinyk, Yuliia, Tetiana Halai, Nadia Yesypenko, and Ihor Bloshchynskyi. "Approaching Metaphorical Terms in Subject-specific Terminologies (Geologic and Geodetic): Semantic and Structural Aspects." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 6 (2022): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n6p470.
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Terminological metaphors appear as a result of terminologisation, the process when commonly used words acquire special meaning, specific to a certain area of science. The mechanism of metaphoric representation of subject-specific concepts is based on certain associations (form, shape, function, structure, etc.). Terminological metaphors constitute an essential part of professional vocabulary being the means that help to facilitate nomination and understanding of subject-specific concepts, objects and processes for both specialists and non-professionals. This paper examines metaphorical terms in the domain of two subject-specific terminologies – geodetic and geological. The main objective of the research is to analyze terminological units of metaphorical character extracted from dictionaries and related reference literature in geodesy and geology, to determine their structural and semantic peculiarities, as well as their productivity. Metaphors under study have been investigated in accordance with semantic, structural and morphological approaches. The quantative analysis and the method of calculations have been applied to establish the productivity of different semantic and structural models of the terms. It has been found out that anthropological metaphorical terms prevail in geodetic and geologic terminologies. The vocabulary under study comprises one-stem terms, compound terms and terminological word combinations of metaphorical character. The latter ones turned out to be dominant. The results of the data analysis indicate that the number of noun models exceeds in both terminological systems.
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Kulupa, Martyna, Paulina Magda, and Maria Mrówczyńska. "Accuracy Characteristics of the Selected Diagnostics Methods and the Adjustment of Geodetic Observations." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 4 (2021): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0055.
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Abstract The article presents the results of the adjustment of the experimental horizontal geodetic network using the classical method and the estimation of strengths in identifying observations with gross error and analyzing the accuracy of the obtained results. The presented analyses were made considering the possibility of their use in implementation networks and measurement and control networks used for monitoring building structures. The paper’s subject was a horizontal network established on the Morasko campus (Poznań). While creating it, the practical needs and economics of measurements were taken into account. The obtained results of numerical analyzes confirmed the benefits of using the methods of estimating strengths in the equalization process, which give satisfactory results in the case of outliers.
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Lakhov, A. Y., and K. A. Lakhov. "TRANSLATION OF GEOMETRIC MODELS OF SINGLE-CONTOUR GEODESIC DOMES FROM ARCHICAD TO A NEUTRAL STEP FORMAT." Construction and industrial safety, no. 21 (73) (2021): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1873-2021-21-107-114.
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The methods of data exchange between CAD and CAE systems are described. The first method is using direct conversion, the second method is using neutral formats. The description of the modular system for designing and analysis the strength and stability of single-contour and double-contour geodesic shells GeoTran is given. The direct translation of geometric models from ArchiCAD to Patran/Nastran / Dytran has the disadvantage of having to develop translators for each data exchange scheme. It is proposed to implement the translation of geometric models in a neutral STEP format, which reduces the number of required translators. It is noted that the STEP format is recognized by various CAE systems that implement the finite element method (Autodesk Mechanical Desktop, Bentley Microstation, CATIA V4, CATIA V5, MSC Patran/Nastran, UGS PLM Solutions NX). The characteristics of the OBJ format used for storing a geometric model in the ArchiCAD CAD system and the STEP format used for data exchange with CAE systems are studied. A translator of geometric models of single-contour geodesic shells from ArchiCAD to STEP format in the Visual Basic programming language has been developed. For this purpose a syntactically oriented approach was used. The translator has a graphical user interface that makes it easier to use. The translator allows you to automate the exchange of data between the ArchiCAD CAD system and various CAE systems designed for strength analysis and supporting import from the STEP format. The applicability of the translator for the exchange of data on geometric models of single-contour geodesic domes with triangular plates between ArchiCAD and the Delcam Exchange converter program is verified. It is demonstrated that the STEP file format generated by the OBJSTEPTranslator is recognized by an external program.
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Kluykov, A. A. "Determination of vector Euler parameters." Geodesy and Cartography 932, no. 2 (2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-932-2-2-9.
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Improving the accuracy of points coordinates determination from geodetic networks with the use of modern space geodesy techniques (GPS, SLR, VLBI, DORIS) identified factors that were earlier considered as insignificant. Such factors include the movement of tectonic plates. This made possible the transition from the static coordinate system model to the kinematic one. For the effect of the tectonic plates movement on the points coordinates you must know kinematic parameters of the tectonic plates movement – the Euler vector parameters – angular velocity of the tectonic plates rotation and the poles rotation coordinates (latitude and longitude) of tectonic plates. Many modern kinematic models of tectonic plates are used observations, performed by geophysical methods, to estimate kinematic parameters of the tectonic plates movement. The article presents the algorithm that allows to estimate the parameters of the tectonic plates movement from mathematical processing of geodetic measurements carried out at points distributed over the surface of tectonic plates. Based on the presented algorithm the EULER program was developed in the algorithmic FORTRAN language, which was experimentally tested. The analysis results showed that the parameters of the Euler vector obtained by the EULER program are in good agreement with the results obtained by using ITRF 2005 and ITRF 2008 models.
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Drusa, Marian, Jan Mihalik, Juraj Muzik, Filip Gago, Martin Stefanik, and Jaroslaw Rybak. "The Role of Geotechnical Monitoring at Design of Foundation Structures and their Verification – Part 2." Civil and Environmental Engineering 17, no. 2 (2021): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2021-0067.
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Abstract The main aim of the article is demonstrating successful design of spread foundations of a commercial centre building, where geotechnical monitoring allows us to check design efficiency and calculate reliability in comparison with real vertical deformation of building. Introduction to the case study area and building structure and foundations was done in previously published first part of the article in which engineering geological conditions were described. There was also presented a comparison of calculated vertical settlement of selected footings with the real geodetic measurement provided during construction time till the period of two years’ operation time after completion of civil works. Geotechnical engineers do not have many opportunities to evaluate their designs, especially when everything passes successfully. Our presented case study is one of the examples, which could be evaluated from the point of view of reliability index of design adjusted with real geodetic measurement. Index of reliability of selected foundations was calculated by deterministic probability methods. In order to evaluate thousands of statistical data combinations, programing tool in Python language was developed for batch processing calculation of vertical displacement of foundation in Plaxis software. Discussion part of the article contains the actual state of reliability theory in structural standards in Europe.
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Kuchkarova, Dilarom, Dilnoza Achilova, Bakhtier Ismatov, and Shahzod Suyunov. "Algorithms for selecting a hydraulic structure design based on expert assessments." Рroblems of engineering and professional education 73, no. 2 (2024): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2220-685x-2024-73-2-15-28.
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This article discusses general algorithms for the design of hydraulic structures and algorithms for selecting the optimal design based on the quality indicators required for them. Several hydraulic structure projects are being created that can compete with each other based on various criteria. Algorithms have been developed to automate the process of evaluating these projects using the expert method. Based on the Delphi and Pareto methods, a methodology for selecting the most appropriate project option has been developed. The proposed algorithms are adapted to programming languages. Universality lies in the sequence of easily formalized steps, starting from the analysis of geodetic data to Pareto optimization of the resulting projects. The proposed sequence of steps ensures the generation of multiple projects based on initial data and the selection of the most acceptable from the point of view of the decision maker.
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Bykasov, D. A., A. V. Zubov, and M. G. Mustafin. "Applying Newton’s second order optimization method to define transition keys between planar coordinate systems." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022401003.
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The article considers the theoretical component of Newton’s second-order method, its main advantages and disadvantages when used in geodesy. The algorithm for determining the minimum of target functions by the Newton method of the second order was studied and analyzed in detail. Parameters of connection between flat rectangular coordinate systems are calculated. The task of determining the transition keys is relevant for geodesy. Comparative analysis of Newton’s method with the method of conjugated gradients was carried out. The algorithm for solving this problem was implemented in the Visual Basic for Applications software environment. The obtained data allow us to conclude that the Newton method can be used more widely in geodesy, especially in solving nonlinear optimization problems. However, the successful implementation of the method in geodetic production is possible only if the computational process is automated, by writing software modules in various programming languages to solve a specific problem.
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ADAMS, COLIN C., and ALAN W. REID. "Systoles of hyperbolic 3-manifolds." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 128, no. 1 (2000): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004199003990.
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Let M be a complete hyperbolic n-manifold of finite volume. By a systole of M we mean a shortest closed geodesic in M. By the systole length of M we mean the length of a systole. We denote this by sl (M). In the case when M is closed, the systole length is simply twice the injectivity radius of M. In the presence of cusps, injectivity radius becomes arbitrarily small and it is for this reason we use the language of ‘systole length’.In the context of hyperbolic surfaces of finite volume, much work has been done on systoles; we refer the reader to [2, 10–12] for some results. In dimension 3, little seems known about systoles. The main result in this paper is the following (see below for definitions):
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Wang, X. W., and F. Wang. "THE PRECISION OF GOOGLE EARTH MAP ANALYSIS WITH THE COORDINATES OF IGS STATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 8, 2020): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-1053-2020.
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Abstract. This paper identifies the location of global IGS reference station on Google Earth map, and raises a method of identifying the location and analysis the precise position accuracy. The Google Earth map supports WGS-84 geodetic coordinates. Acquire the WGS-84 Precise Geodetic Coordinates of the Global IGS reference station on IGS Website. The IGS reference station is labeled on the Google Earth map exactly in KML markup language. Using Google Earth ruler tool, calculated the map distance, ground distance and azimuth angle of the Google Earth map position and the labeled position from the precision IGS reference station. Identifying the deviations between the exactly point location of IGS station and the recognized location of Google Earth. About 1,054 IGS stations which covering all over the world are using as samples for data statistics. With a series of statics graph, analysis the accuracy and recognition rate. It shows that the recognition rate is 71.8% and the average accuracy is about 4.38 meters. The accuracy from 2m to 4m occupied 18.76%; the accuracy from 4m to 6m occupied 41.0%; the accuracy from 6m to 8m occupied 6.34%; the accuracy from 8m to 10m occupied 3.70% etc. The accuracy in China region is about 1.5–2 meters and it’s reach up to 1 meter in the cities of the United States, Europe and Japan etc. So that Google Earth map could be used for high-precision positioning services, such as, field reconnaissance, survey network design and the description of station etc.
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Berceanu, Stefan. "Coherent states and geometry on the Siegel–Jacobi disk." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 04 (2014): 1450035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887814500352.
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The coherent state representation of the Jacobi group [Formula: see text] is indexed with two parameters, [Formula: see text], describing the part coming from the Heisenberg group, and k, characterizing the positive discrete series representation of SU(1,1). The Ricci form, the scalar curvature and the geodesics of the Siegel–Jacobi disk [Formula: see text] are investigated. The significance in the language of coherent states of the transform which realizes the fundamental conjecture on the Siegel–Jacobi disk is emphasized. The Berezin kernel, Calabi's diastasis, the Kobayashi embedding and the Cauchy formula for the Siegel–Jacobi disk are presented.
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Dorogova, I. E., and K. S. Dukhovnikov. "Software, services and open source software for solving geodynamic problems." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1 (May 18, 2022): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-1-138-145.
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The article reviews some software products that have functionalities useful in solving geodynamic research problems. Commercial software, scientific software complexes, online services, open-source software are considered. The available software products allowing the analysis and modelling of deformations (two and three dimensional) by the finite elements method are considered in particular detail. As a result of the analysis of the available software, the authors have identified a goal for further work - the development of a geodynamic module using the Python programming language, which solves a wide range of tasks based on the results of geodetic measurements. The first problem to be solved in the module is the finite element analysis of Earth’s crust deformations, which does not have significant limitations on the number of points of the geometric model, based on the open-source developments in the article.
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Fazilova, Dilbarkhon Sh, and Lola V. Sichugova. "Deformation analysis based on GNSS measurements in Tashkent region." E3S Web of Conferences 227 (2021): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122704002.
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This paper presents the results of the GNSS geodetic network deformation analysis in the Tashkent region, as an example of an urban area, where obtaining reliable information for assessing hazard risk is of great importance. A software package in Delphi language has been developed for the assessment of the datum differences between 2009 and 2011 by implementing the 3D Helmert transformation method. The result revealed that there is significant translation and rotation in the network, while the scale of the network remains almost constant during two years period. The area strain was estimated by the finite element method. Most of the Tashkent region can be considered to be in a high compression (negative dilatation) strain state with maximum value -230cl0-8. On the contrary, remarkable positive dilatation strain is concentrated on the coastline of the Charvak water reservoir, where large strain is about 351.l0-8.
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Kadaj, Roman. "Getchell’s method for conversion of Cartesian-geocentric to geodetic coordinates – Its properties and Newtonian alternative." Journal of Applied Geodesy 15, no. 1 (2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2020-0034.
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AbstractThe paper concentrates on the iterative Getchell’s method (formulated in 1972) and its alternative Newtonian implementation for conversion of Cartesian geocentric coordinates into geodetic coordinates. The same basic equation formulated in the Getchell’s method is used in both cases. The equation has a stable form in the whole range of argument (latitude) variation \langle -\pi /2,\pi /2\rangle . The original Getchell’s method (somehow “forgotten”) has a simple geometric interpretation and its applications turn out to be particularly effective. Many studies on iterative algorithms usually omit theoretical proofs of convergence replacing them with conclusions based on numerical examples. This paper presents theoretical proofs of algorithms convergence both for the Getchell’s method and the Newton procedure. The convergence parameter and numerical error of results were estimated in each case. Numerical tests were carried out for a set of points distributed on the Earth’s space, also for extreme h values. For typical practical applications of the Getchell’s method, sufficiently accurate results are obtained after 1–3 iterations, while in the Newton procedure already after one iteration, assuming the same numerical error and initial conditions. The accuracy of the geodetic coordinates determinations meets all practical requirements with some margin. For example an absolute numerical error for latitude is approx. 0.4\cdot {10^{-13}} [rad] i. e. about 0.00026 mm in the length of the meridian arc. The proposed methods were compared with other methods (algorithms), including in terms of stability and non-singularity in the entire usable space of the Earth, but excluding the near geocenter, which has no practical significance. Both the modification of the Getchell method and its Newtonian alternative are very good determined in this area (in the Earth’s poles, the final solution is directly the starting value of iterative algorithms). The discussed algorithms were implemented in the form of procedures in DELPHI language.
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DELGADO, MANUEL, STUART MARGOLIS, and BENJAMIN STEINBERG. "COMBINATORIAL GROUP THEORY, INVERSE MONOIDS, AUTOMATA, AND GLOBAL SEMIGROUP THEORY." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 12, no. 01n02 (2002): 179–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196702000924.
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This paper explores various connections between combinatorial group theory, semigroup theory, and formal language theory. Let G = <A|R> be a group presentation and ℬA, R its standard 2-complex. Suppose X is a 2-complex with a morphism to ℬA, R which restricts to an immersion on the 1-skeleton. Then we associate an inverse monoid to X which algebraically encodes topological properties of the morphism. Applications are given to separability properties of groups. We also associate an inverse monoid M(A, R) to the presentation <A|R> with the property that pointed subgraphs of covers of ℬA, R are classified by closed inverse submonoids of M(A, R). In particular, we obtain an inverse monoid theoretic condition for a subgroup to be quasiconvex allowing semigroup theoretic variants on the usual proofs that the intersection of such subgroups is quasiconvex and that such subgroups are finitely generated. Generalizations are given to non-geodesic combings. We also obtain a formal language theoretic equivalence to quasiconvexity which holds even for groups which are not hyperbolic. Finally, we illustrate some applications of separability properties of relatively free groups to finite semigroup theory. In particular, we can deduce the decidability of various semidirect and Mal/cev products of pseudovarieties of monoids with equational pseudovarieties of nilpotent groups and with the pseudovariety of metabelian groups.
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Mikhailov, V. G. "THE ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF RECEPTION OF LONGITUDINAL PROFILE OF ROADS." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2018-2-13-21.
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The analysis of methods of reception of longitudinal biases/profile of road important for carrying out of modelling of movement of the vehicle on the basis of geodetic charts, gaugings of roads by means of the geodetic equipment, use mobile laboratories is carried out, radar scanning of the earth, data read-out from the electronic control package of the car and the estimation of their accuracy is given. It is noticed that the listed modes are labour-consuming and Expenses and not always provide necessary accuracy. So in case of use of the popular data of radar scanning of the earth from companions the error can reach 30–50%. Though in the future in process of perfection of accuracy of sounding and availability of the information the given mode is represented to the most perspective.The method of registration of cross-sections/biases of the big sites of roads in the course of movement of the vehicle on the basis of microcontroller Arduino Due, the gauge of speedups and discharge angles MPU-6050 and data recording on a SD- card is offered, application of the combined processing of the information on the basis of the developed programs in language With in the microcontroller and in module S-Function Builder in package Matlab/Simulink is considered.By means of the offered methods registration of biases of road of difficult character by extent of 10 km is spent. And for the same road the method of use of a chart of radar scanning of the earth constructs a road cross-section. Comparison of results of methods of use of speedups and radar scanning of the earth is spent.Good coincidence of character of change of a cross-section of road and sredne-quadratic and maximum values of heights of a cross-section of the road, received on the offered methods (a toe-out of 7–20%) is revealed.
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Bezrodny, M. K., and S. O. Oslovskyi. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF USING A CON-DITIONING SYSTEM BASED ON A GROUND HEAT PUMP." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 44, no. 1 (2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2022.6.
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The article is devoted to the study of the energy efficiency of the air conditioning system using a ground heat pump. The analysis of the English-language literary sources, which highlighted the features of the use of heat pump air conditioning systems in various climatic conditions. It is shown that the greatest effect from the use of such a scheme will be when the duration of the cold and hot periods is equal. The main temperatures at the nodal points of the circuit and the efficiency coefficient are determined. The dependences of the determining quantities on the parameters of the system are constructed. The proposed system has a significant positive effect compared to a standard split system, but it also has a drawback: for an air conditioning system with a ground source heat pump, the requirements for the thermal insulation of a building will be more stringent. Using the system all year round can significantly reduce the energy consumption for air conditioning. The application of such a solution at the design and geodetic development stage of the site will give a significant positive effect both in terms of operation and in terms of capital costs for the installation of the system.