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Journal articles on the topic 'Geochemistry – New South Wales – Coleambally'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

van Niel, T. G., and T. R. McVicar. "Assessing positional accuracy and its effects on rice crop area measurement: an application at Coleambally Irrigation Area." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 4 (2001): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00140.

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If management decisions are based on geospatial data that have not been assessed for spatial accuracy, then debate about both the measurements and the decisions themselves can occur. This debate, in part, can be avoided by evaluating the spatial accuracy of geospatial data, leading to heightened confidence in both the data and the decisions made from the data. To increase the effectiveness of environmental compliance monitoring, the spatial accuracies of 2 Geographic Information System datasets were estimated at the Coleambally Irrigation Area, New South Wales. The first, high-resolution digital aerial photography acquired in January 2000, is the Geographic Information System baseline data for Coleambally Irrigation Area. The second, Digital Topographic Data Base roads data, although not a reference dataset at Coleambally Irrigation Area, is often used as a baseline dataset across Australia. Neither dataset met the National Mapping Council of Australia’s standard of map accuracy, so a new version of the digital aerial photography was created that did. The positional accuracy of the improved dataset was over 4 times more accurate than the Digital Topographic Data Base roads dataset and over 2.5 times more accurate than the original digital aerial photography. It was also found that the overall areal error of paddocks measured from the improved dataset decreased as more paddock areas were added together; a finding that has a direct impact on management decisions at Coleambally Irrigation Area. This study both provides a demonstration of how to assess and improve spatial accuracy and shows that this process is not unduly complicated.

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2

O'Neill, C. J., E. Humphreys, J. Louis, and A. Katupitiya. "Maize productivity in southern New South Wales under furrow and pressurised irrigation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (2008): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06093.

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Irrigation farmers in the Murray–Darling Basin of Australia are under considerable pressure to reduce the amount of water they use for irrigation, while sustaining production and profitability. Changing from surface to pressurised irrigation systems may provide some or all of these outcomes; however, little is known about the performance of alternative irrigation methods for broadacre annual crops in this region. Therefore, a demonstration site for comparing furrow, subsurface drip and sprinkler irrigation was established on a representative clay soil in the Coleambally Irrigation Area, NSW. The performance of maize (Zea mays L.) under the three irrigation systems was compared during the 2004–05 season. Subsurface drip irrigated maize out-performed sprinkler and furrow irrigated maize in terms of grain yield (drip 11.8 t/ha, sprinkler 10.5 t/ha, furrow 10.1 t/ha at 14% moisture), net irrigation water application (drip 5.1 ML/ha, sprinkler 6.2 ML/ha, furrow 5.3 ML/ha), net irrigation water productivity (drip 2.3 t/ML, sprinkler 1.7 t/ML, furrow 1.9 t/ML) and total water productivity (drip 1.7 t/ML, sprinkler 1.4 t/ML, furrow 1.3 t/ML). Thus, subsurface drip irrigation saved ~30% of the total amount of water (irrigation, rain, soil water) needed to produce the same quantity of grain using furrow irrigation, while sprinkler irrigation saved ~8% of the water used. The higher net irrigation with sprinkler irrigation was largely due to the lower soil water content in the sprinkler block at the time of sowing. An EM31 survey indicated considerable spatial soil variability within each irrigation block, and all irrigation systems had spatially variable water distribution. Yield variability was very high within all irrigation systems, and appeared to be more strongly associated with irrigation variability than soil variability. All irrigation blocks had large patches of early senescence and poor cob fill, which appeared to be due to nitrogen and/or water deficit stress. We expect that crop performance under all irrigation systems can be improved by improving irrigation, soil and N management.

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3

Thalhammer, O. A. R., B. P. J. Stevens, J. H. Gibson, and W. Grum. "Tibooburra Granodiorite, western New South Wales: Emplacement history and geochemistry." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 5 (October 1998): 775–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099808728432.

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4

Carr, P. F., B. Selleck, M. Stott, and P. Williamson. "NATIVE LEAD AT BROKEN HILL, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." Canadian Mineralogist 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.1.73.

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5

Birch, W. D. "Zinc-manganese carbonates from Broken Hill, New South Wales." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 355 (March 1986): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.07.

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AbstractSpecimens of honey-brown to pinkish-brown globular carbonates encrusting concretionary goethite–coronadite from the oxidized zone at Broken Hill, New South Wales, have compositions in the rhodochrosite–smithsonite series. This may be the first extensive natural occurrence of this solid-solution series. Growth of the carbonates occurred in zones which have near uniform composition. The ratio MnCO3/(MnCO3 + ZnCO3) for each zone bears a linear relationship to the measured d spacing for the 104 X-ray reflections. Because cerussite is the only other mineral associated with the Zn-Mn carbonates and because of an absence of detailed locality information, the paragenetic significance of these minerals cannot be determined. The solutions depositing them may have been derived from the near-surface equivalents of the Zinc Lode horizons.

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6

Millsteed, Paul W. "Faceting Transparent Rhodonite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Gems & Gemology 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.42.2.151.

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7

Stolz, A. J. "Mineralogy of the Nandewar Volcano, northeastern New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 356 (June 1986): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.07.

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AbstractThe paper discusses the mineralogy of eruptives from the Nandewar Volcano, which range in composition from hawaiite and trachyandesite to comendite via tristanite and mafic and peralkaline trachyte. Olivine, Ca-rich pyroxene, and amphibole display marked decreases in 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios in the sequence trachyandesite to comendite, reflecting variation in host rock compositions. The presence of tscher-makitic subcalcic pyroxene and aluminous bronzite megacrysts in several trachyandesites indicates that these experienced intratelluric crystallization at elevated pressures (6–8 kbar). Some titanomagnetite and plagioclase phenocrysts in trachyandesites may also be moderate pressure cognate precipitates. Groundmass pyroxenes of some trachytes and comendites are strongly acmitic. The presence or absence of coexisting alkali amphiboles and aenigmatite appears to reflect stability over a relatively broad range of fO2 conditions. Aenigmatite rims on titanomagnetite and ilmenite microphenocrysts in several peralkaline eruptives provides support for a ‘no-oxide’ field in T-fO2 space. The Fe-Ti oxide compositional data indicate that magmas spanning the spectrum trachy-andesite-comendite crystallized under conditions of decreasing T and fO2 which broadly coincided with the FMQ synthetic buffer curve. However, a voluminous group of slightly older associated rhyolites appear to have crystallized under significantly more oxidizing conditions.

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8

Niel, T. G. Van, and T. R. McVicar. "A simple method to improve field-level rice identification: toward operational monitoring with satellite remote sensing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2003): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02182.

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Discriminating crops by remote sensing remains reasonably complex and expensive for many agricultural land managers. The current study was conducted to facilitate the operational use of remote sensing for field-level rice monitoring in Australia by determining (i) whether existing methods relating to simple moisture-based rice classification could be further simplified, and (ii) whether the high accuracies resulting from that moisture-based methodology could be further increased. First, the impact of removing the most complicated processing step, atmospheric correction, on rice classification accuracies was assessed for the 2000–01 summer growing season at the Coleambally Irrigation Area, New South Wales. The primary error sources of rice classification were then identified and simple rules developed in an attempt to reduce errors associated with confusion between unharvested winter cereals and flooded rice paddies early in the summer growing season. These newly defined rules were then used on imagery acquired in the subsequent summer growing season (2001–02) in order to assess their repeatability. The assessment of atmospheric correction showed that during the critical time frame associated with high rice identification (October–November), using non-atmospherically corrected data increased overall accuracy, although the improvement was small (about 1%). Overall accuracy also increased for every case tested for both growing seasons as a result of the rule-based classification (ranging from about 1 to 14%), revealing that the methods were sufficiently repeatable. This study moves per-field rice monitoring at the Coleambally Irrigation Area closer to an operational application and shows that simple rule-based remote sensing classifications can be very effective when site practices are known.

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9

Le Gleuher, M. "Olivine wathering in basalts near Cooma, New-South-Wales, Australia." Chemical Geology 84, no. 1-4 (July 1990): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90174-6.

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10

Moavenshahidi, A., R. Smith, and M. Gillies. "A computer model to estimate seepage rates from automated irrigation distribution channels during periods of shutdown." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 6 (May 29, 2014): 1302–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.104.

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Within the last 10 years throughout south-eastern Australia, there has been a rapid expansion of modernisation efforts by irrigation companies that has included installation of automatic control structures, the so-called total channel control (TCC) technology. TCC includes supervisory control and data acquisition technology, which results in production of integrated databases utilising real time measurements of flow and water depth throughout the whole system. Pondage tests are acknowledged as the best direct method for seepage measurement and the recorded water level data from automated systems during periods of gate closure can be treated as pondage test data. This paper presents the development and operation of a new computer model that applies pondage test methodology to automated channel control data during periods of shut down in order to estimate seepage rates in different channel reaches. The Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in southern New South Wales was chosen as the case study, as it is one of the first irrigation districts in the world to be automated. The methodology was tested using the TCC data of the entire CIA during the 2010–11 season and was demonstrated to be successful in identifying all pondage conditions throughout the entire network as well as estimating the seepage rates for each gauge, pondage and pool.

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11

Bowyer, J. K. "Basin changes in Jervis Bay, New South Wales: 1894–1988." Marine Geology 105, no. 1-4 (March 1992): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90189-o.

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12

Ghorbani, Mohammad R., and Eric A. K. Middlemost. "Geochemistry of pyroxene inclusions from the Warrumbungle Volcano, New South Wales, Australia." American Mineralogist 85, no. 10 (October 2000): 1349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2000-1003.

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13

Morand, V. J. "Vanadium-Bearing Margarite from the Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 366 (June 1988): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.366.05.

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AbstractMargarite occurs in Ordovician black slate within the contact aureole of the Wyangala Batholith, in the Lachlan Fold Belt in New South Wales. This occurrence is the first described from New South Wales. It is a regional metamorphic mineral replacing chiastolitic andalusite, and contains up to 1.07% V2O3 and up to 0.37% Cr2O3. Vanadium and chromium here substitute for octahedral aluminium. Margarite is produced by a local reaction in which Ca and H2O are introduced into andalusite grains. There is a significant paragonite component in the margarite but negligible muscovite solid solution.

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14

Schmetzer, Karl, Franca Caucia, H. Albert Gilg, and Terrence S. Coldham. "Chrysoberyl Recovered with Sapphires in the New England Placer Deposits, New South Wales, Australia." Gems & Gemology 52, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.52.1.18.

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15

Och, D. J., E. C. Leitch, G. Caprarelli, and T. Watanabe. "Blueschist and eclogite in tectonic melange, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 4 (August 2003): 609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036740121.

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Abstract The Rocky Beach Metamorphic Melange contains metre-scale phacoids of high-P low-T metamorphic rocks embedded in chlorite-actinolite schist. The phacoids include eclogite, glaucophane schist and omphacitite and provide evidence for four episodes of metamorphism with mineral assemblages: M1 = actinolite-glaucophane-titanite-apaite, M2 = almandine-omphacite-lawsonite ±quartz, M3 = phengite- glaucophane-K-feldspar-quartz, and M4 = chlorite-actinolite-calcite-quartz-titanite-white mica ± albite ± talc. M1-M3 occurred at a Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic convergent plate boundary close to the eastern margin of Gondwana. Peak metamorphic conditions were attained during the static phase M2, with temperatures of ~560°C and pressures in excess of 1.8 GPa, equivalent to a depth of burial of at least 54 km.

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16

Coombs, Douglas S., Yosuke Kawachi, Hiroyuki Miura, and Debra Chappell. "Cerchiaraite and Ca-bearing noelbensonite from Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia." European Journal of Mineralogy 16, no. 1 (February 23, 2004): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0185.

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17

Millsteed, Paul W., Terrence P. Mernagh, Vincent Otieno-Alego, and Dudley C. Creagh. "Inclusions in Transparent Gem Rhodonite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Gems & Gemology 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.41.3.246.

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18

Bibi, Irshad, Balwant Singh, and Ewen Silvester. "Akaganéite (β-FeOOH) precipitation in inland acid sulfate soils of south-western New South Wales (NSW), Australia." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, no. 21 (November 2011): 6429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.019.

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19

Elliott, P., J. Brugger, A. Pring, M. L. Cole, A. C. Willis, and U. Kolitsch. "Birchite, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia: Description and structure refinement." American Mineralogist 93, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2008): 910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2732.

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20

Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V., Nikita V. Chukanov, Igor V. Pekov, Sergey M. Aksenov, Catherine McCammon, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Sergey N. Britvin, et al. "Ferrorhodonite, CaMn3Fe[Si5O15], a new mineral species from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 44, no. 5 (November 17, 2016): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-016-0860-3.

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21

Ishak, A. K., and A. C. Dunlop. "Drainage sampling for uranium in the Torrington district, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 24, no. 1 (September 1985): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90006-8.

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22

Zhou, B., and D. J. Whitford. "Geochemistry of the Mt Wright Volcanics from the Wonominta Block, northwestern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 4 (August 1994): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099408728142.

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23

Li, Z. X., P. W. Schmidt, and B. J. J. Embleton. "Paleomagnetism of the Hervey Group, Central New South Wales and its tectonic implications." Tectonics 7, no. 3 (June 1988): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc007i003p00351.

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24

STEVENS, B., R. BARNES, R. BROWN, W. STROUD, and I. WILLIS. "The Willyama Supergroup in the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks, New South Wales." Precambrian Research 40-41 (October 1988): 297–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(88)90073-3.

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25

Sutherland, Frederick L., Ian T. Graham, Stephen J. Harris, Terry Coldham, William Powell, Elena A. Belousova, and Laure Martin. "Unusual ruby–sapphire transition in alluvial megacrysts, Cenozoic basaltic gem field, New England, New South Wales, Australia." Lithos 278-281 (May 2017): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2017.02.004.

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26

Kawachi, Y., D. S. Coombs, and H. Miura. "Noélbensonite, a new BaMn silicate of the lawsonite structure type, from Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 399 (April 1996): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.399.11.

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AbstractNoélbensonite, a new mineral, is the barium manganese analogue of lawsonite. It is described from the Woods ornamental rhodonite mine, 30 km NNE of Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia, where it occurs as aggregates of blocky to sometimes lamellar crystals ranging from a few micrometres to (rarely) 100 µm in length. It replaces NaMn amphibole, namansilite, and pectolite, and also occurs as tiny monomineralic veinlets 0.05–0.25 mm thick. Rare euhedral crystals are dominated by {100} and {011}, with (011) ^ = 68°. The mineral is orthorhombic, space group apparently Cmcm; a = 6.325(1), b = 9.120(1), c = 13.618(1) Å, V = 785.6(1) Å3, with a : b : c = 0.694 : 1 : 1.493. Noélbensonite is brittle, fracture irregular, Mohs hardness about 4, cleavage and twinning not observed, colour dark brown, streak paler yellow-brown, lustre earthy on some veinlet surfaces to brilliantly vitreous, calculated density 3.87 g/cm3, refractive indices α = 1.82(1),β (calculated from 2V) = 1.835(10), γ = 1.85(1), biaxial negative 2Vα = 46°(3°), strong dispersion r > v, straight extinction to plane of flattening, {100}, α ∥ c, β ∥ b, γ ∥ a with pleochroism in very thin sections: α = orange yellow, β = orange, γ = brownish orange, absorption γ > β ⇐p; α. The average of 23 electron microprobe analyses (wt.%) is SiO2 26.02, Al2O3 0.17, TiO2 0.01, Fe2O3 0.19, Mn2O3 34.76, CaO 0.31, Na2O 0.14, BaO 29.08, SrO 1.51, H2Ocalc 7.87, total 100.06, leading to the simplified formula . Up to 15% Sr and 9% Ca substitute for Ba in the large-cation sites. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [(Iobs) dobs/Å hkl] (100) 4.85 111; (50) 4.557 020; (59) 4.322 021; (77) 3.416 113,004; (80) 2.869 202; (47) 2.849 114; (82) 2.729 024; (45) 2.543 132; (48) 2.428 222; (38) 2.255 223,041. The name is for William Noél Benson (1885–1957), in honour of his classic researches in the New England Fold Belt and of his tenure of the Chair of Geology at the University of Otago.

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27

Frost, B. R., S. M. Swapp, and R. W. Gregory. "PROLONGED EXISTENCE OF SULFIDE MELT IN THE BROKEN HILL OREBODY, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." Canadian Mineralogist 43, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.1.479.

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28

Cundari, A., and G. Salviulo. "Ti solubility in diopsidic pyroxene from a suite of New South Wales leucitites (Australia)." Lithos 22, no. 3 (March 1989): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(89)90055-8.

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29

Neef, G. "Rod-like and orbicular structure in mid Devonian feldspar porphyries, New South Wales, Australia." Lithos 27, no. 3 (December 1991): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(91)90013-b.

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30

Cohen, D. R., C. M. Silva-Santisteban, N. F. Rutherford, D. L. Garnett, and H. M. Waldron. "Comparison of vegetation and stream sediment geochemical patterns in northeastern New South Wales." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 66, no. 3 (September 1999): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(99)00042-4.

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31

Khan, Mohammad Riaz, and D. J. Barber. "Composition-related microstructures in zinc-bearing carbonate assemblages from Broken Hill, New South Wales." Mineralogy and Petrology 41, no. 2-4 (April 1990): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01168497.

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32

Scott, Keith M. "Rutile geochemistry as a guide to porphyry Cu–Au mineralization, Northparkes, New South Wales, Australia." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 5, no. 3 (July 19, 2005): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/03-055.

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33

James, S. D., J. A. Pearce, and R. A. Oliver. "The Geochemistry of the Lower Proterozoic Willyama Complex Volcanics, Broken Hill Block, New South Wales." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 33, no. 1 (1987): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.033.01.27.

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34

Lottermoser, B. G., P. M. Ashley, and D. C. Lawie. "Environmental geochemistry of the Gulf Creek copper mine area, north-eastern New South Wales, Australia." Environmental Geology 39, no. 1 (November 22, 1999): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050437.

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35

Elliott, P., P. Turner, P. Jensen, U. Kolitsch, and A. Pring. "Description and crystal structure of nyholmite, a new mineral related to hureaulite, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 73, no. 5 (October 2009): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2009.073.5.723.

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AbstractNyholmite, Cd3Zn2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·4H2O, from the Block 14 Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is a new Cd-Zn arsenate species, isostructural with the minerals of the hureaulite group. The mineral occurs in a quartz-garnet-arsenopyrite matrix as white globules, tufted aggregates of fibrous crystals and radiating hemispheres of thin, colourless, bladed crystals. Associated minerals are goldquarryite, lavendulan-sampleite, scorodite-strengite and gypsum. Individual crystals are up to 0.2 mm in length and 0.05 mm across. The mineral is transparent to translucent with a vitreous lustre. It is brittle with an uneven fracture and a white streak. The Mohs hardness is 3–3.5 and the calculated density is 4.23 g cm–3 for the empirical formula. Electron microprobe analyses yielded CdO 34.58, ZnO 9.72, MnO 3.59, CuO 3.39, Al2O3 0.20, CaO 0.16, PbO 0.37, As2O5 34.55, P2O5 6.29 totalling 92.85 wt.%. The empirical formula, based on 20 oxygen atoms, is Ca0.03Pb0.02 Cd2.80Al0.04Zn1.24-Cu0.44Mn0.53[(AsO4)3.13(PO4)0.92]Σ4.05H1.91·3.79H2O. Nyholmite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 18.062(4) Å, b = 9.341(2) Å, c = 9.844(2) Å, β = 96.17(3)°, V = 1651.2(6) Å3 (single-crystal data, at 123 K). The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d(Å),I,(hkl)]: 8.985,30,(200); 8.283,85,(110); 6.169,25,(111); 4.878,25,(002); 3.234,100,(2, 420); 3.079,65,(222, 511); 2.976’45’(113). The crystal structure was solved by Patterson methods and refined using 2045 observed reflections to R1(F) = 3.73%. The structure is characterized by a kinked, five-membered chain of edge-sharing Mφ6 (φ = unspecified anion) octahedra, or pentamer, that extends in the a direction. The pentamers link by sharing corners to form a sheet in the (001) plane. Pentamers are also linked, via corner-sharing, by (As,P)O4 groups forming thick slabs in the (001) plane. The slabs link in the c direction by cornersharing between octahedra and tetrahedra to form a dense heteropolyhedral framework. Moderate to weak hydrogen-bonding provides additional linkage between the slabs.

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36

Kent, A. J. R. "Geochronology and geochemistry of Palaeozoic intrusive rocks in the Rockvale region, southern New England Orogen, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 4 (August 1994): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099408728145.

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37

Deen, Tara, and Karsten Gohl. "3‐D tomographic seismic inversion of a paleochannel system in central New South Wales, Australia." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 5 (September 2002): 1364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512741.

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Buried paleochannels are of significant interest for understanding hydrological mechanisms and their potential as alluvial gold deposits. Seismic tomographic methods are a suitable solution for resolving the vertical and horizontal structure of such features. We assess a method for seismic 3‐D tomographic inversion from refraction arrivals with reflection control over a suspected paleochannel adjacent to the Wyalong gold fields in the Lachlan fold belt of central New South Wales, Australia. A standard multichannel engineering seismic recording and cable–receiver system was used on a 3‐D field geometry of multiple linear arrays. More than 3000 P‐wave first‐arrival traveltime values were inverted using a regularized inversion scheme for which simplified 2‐D models served as initial velocity–depth models for the complete 3‐D inversion. Seismic reflection arrivals provided additional depth estimates to the bedrock and compensated for a lack of refraction phases at that depth. Correlating the 3‐D seismic velocity–depth data with existing drillhole and nonseismic geophysical data resulted in a detailed structural and compositional interpretation of the paleochannel and the incised regolith. The model suggests the presence of a system of deposits from meandering channels overlying a metasedimentary bedrock formation. The general paleodrainage deposit is relatively conductive in electromagnetic surveys, indicating a potential saline storage or transport mechanism.

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38

Parr, J. "Fluctuations in a magmatic sulphur isotope signature from the Pinnacles Mine, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralium Deposita 27, no. 3 (June 1992): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00202543.

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39

Duggan, M. B. "Zirconium-rich Sodic Pyroxenes in Felsic Volcanics from the Warrumbungle Volcano, Central New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 367 (September 1988): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.367.07.

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AbstractSoda-rich pyroxenes in felsic rocks from the Warrumbungle Volcano, central New South Wales, contain up to 14.5 wt. % ZrO2, which is more than double the previously reported maximum ZrO2 in pyroxene. Zr is believed to enter aegirine as the component Na(Fe2+,Mn,Mg)0.5Zr0.5Si2O6 via the coupled substitution: (Fe2+,Mn,Mg)VI+ZrVI = 2(Fe3+)VI. This component exceeds 50 mol. % in some analyses.Pronounced pyroxene Zr-enrichment is restricted to rocks in which sodic amphibole is the major ferromagnesian mineral, with pyroxene only a minor late-stage phase. The Zr-rich pyroxenes resulted from a combination of host lava peralkalinity, low oxygen fugacity, rapid disequilibrium crystallization and low mobility of the Zr ion. These factors collectively led to the development of interstitial Zr-enriched microdomains in the felsic hosts during their final stages of crystallization.

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40

Kawachi, Y., P. M. Ashley, D. Vince, and M. Goodwin. "Sugilite in manganese silicate rocks from the Hoskins mine and Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 393 (December 1994): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.18.

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AbstractSugilite relatively rich in manganese has been found at two new localities, the Hoskins and Woods mines in New South Wales, Australia. The occurrences are in manganese-rich silicate rocks of middle to upper greenschist facies (Hoskins mine) and hornblende hornfels facies (Woods mine). Coexisting minerals are members of the namansilite-aegirine and pectolite-serandite series, Mn-rich alkali amphiboles, alkali feldspar, braunite, rhodonite, tephroite, albite, microcline, norrishite, witherite, manganoan calcite, quartz, and several unidentified minerals. Woods mine sugilite is colour-zoned with pale mauve cores and colourless rims, whereas Hoskins mine sugilite is only weakly colour-zoned and pink to mauve. Within single samples, the chemical compositions of sugilite from both localities show wide ranges in Al contents and less variable ranges of Fe and Mn, similar to trends in sugilite from other localities. The refractive indices and cell dimensions tend to show systematic increases progressing from Al-rich to Fe-Mn-rich. The formation of the sugilite is controlled by the high alkali (especially Li) and manganese contents of the country rock, reflected in the occurrences of coexisting high alkali- and manganese-bearing minerals, and by high fo2 conditions.

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41

Degeling, P. R., L. B. Gilligan, E. Scheibner, and D. W. Suppel. "Metallogeny and tectonic development of the Tasman Fold Belt System in New South Wales." Ore Geology Reviews 1, no. 2-4 (November 1986): 259–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(86)90011-9.

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42

Cohen, D. R., X. C. Shen, A. C. Dunlop, and N. F. Rutherford. "A comparison of selective extraction soil geochemistry and biogeochemistry in the Cobar area, New South Wales." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 61, no. 1-3 (May 1998): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(97)00052-6.

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43

Crawford, A. J., B. P. J. Stevens, and M. Fanning. "Geochemistry and tectonic setting of some Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian volcanics in western New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 6 (December 1997): 831–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728358.

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44

Hine, Kate, and James Macnae. "Comparing induced polarization responses from airborne inductive and galvanic ground systems: Lewis Ponds, New South Wales." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 6 (November 2016): B179—B188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0204.1.

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We have evaluated the mapping of polarizable material using a Cole-Cole model to fit second-order effects in concentric-loop airborne electromagnetic system responses. At Lewis Ponds in New South Wales, an inverted ground dipole-dipole array data has accurately imaged in 3D disseminated sulfide extending above and around ore grade massive sulfides. The polarizable zone is present in the near-surface, where, from modeling, airborne systems may have sensitivity to the small inductive induced polarization effects. Although the inverted chargeability measured from galvanic current injection into the ground was spatially coincident with the mineralized target, the estimated chargeabilities from induced polarization effects in an airborne versatile time-domain electromagnetic survey were substantially displaced to the east. The airborne induced polarization response may be associated with finer grained mineralization in the hanging wall of the sulfide deposits, or have a quite different source, such as clays associated with faulting.

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45

Agnew, Michael W., Ross R. Large, and Stuart W. Bull. "Lewis Ponds, a hybrid carbonate and volcanic-hosted polymetallic massive sulphide deposit, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralium Deposita 39, no. 8 (February 3, 2005): 822–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-004-0456-6.

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46

Yangs, K., O. A. R. Thalhammer, and P. K. Seccombe. "Distribution of platinum group elements in the Great Serpentinite Belt of New South Wales, Eastern Australia." Mineralogy and Petrology 54, no. 3-4 (1995): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01162861.

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McQueen, K. G., and Sara Box. "Mineralization at the Wallah Wallah Silver Mine, Rye Park, New South Wales and its metallogenic significance." Mineralogy and Petrology 39, no. 3-4 (December 1988): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01163041.

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48

Melchiorre, Erik B., Peter A. Williams, and Richard E. Bevins. "A low temperature oxygen isotope thermometer for cerussite, with applications at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, no. 15 (August 2001): 2527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00604-4.

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49

Lin Sutherland, F., and Robert R. Coenraads. "An unusual ruby-sapphire-sapphirine-spinel assemblage from the Tertiary Barrington volcanic province, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 401 (August 1996): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.401.08.

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AbstractRuby-sapphire-sapphirine-spinel forms small, corroded, crystalline aggregates in corundum bearing alluvials shed from the Tertiary Barrington basalt shield volcano. Sapphirine is near a 7:9:3 (MgO-Al2O3-SiO2) composition and, together with the corundum, shows reaction rims of pleonaste spinel. Spinel in the aggregates has a compositional range Sp 68–73 Hc 27–29 Cm 0–3. The aggregates give new insights into the ruby-sapphire source rocks. Potential origins include metamorphic recrystallization of aluminous material (below 1460°C) or high temperature-high pressure crystallization reactions related to lamprophyric or basaltic magmas (up to 1300°C and 20 kbar). Sapphirine-spinel thermometry suggests final crystallization temperatures for the aggregates around 780 to 940°C and reaction with host magmas at over 1000°C.The Barrington gemfield includes two distinct corundum suites. One, typical in eastern Australia, is dominated by blue-green, well-crystallized, growth-zoned sapphire, commonly containing rutile silk and Ferich spinel inclusions (Hc 51–73, Mt 18–35, Mf 6–8, Usp 2–6). The other, an unusual suite, is dominated by ruby and pastel coloured sapphires, with little crystal shape or growth zonation and restricted mineral inclusions, mostly chromian pleonaste and pleonaste. The ruby-sapphire-sapphirine-spinel aggregates provoke new thoughts on the origin of rubies and sapphires and their indicator minerals in eastern Australian and southeastern Asian volcanic gemfields.

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Ashley, P. M., N. D. J. Cook, R. L. Hill, and A. J. R. Kent. "Shoshonitic lamprophyre dykes and their relation to mesothermal AuSb veins at Hillgrove, New South Wales, Australia." Lithos 32, no. 3-4 (July 1994): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(94)90043-4.

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