Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geochemical prospecting

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Geochemical prospecting'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Geochemical prospecting"

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Chen, Zhen, and Mingde Lang. "Research on Prospecting Prediction Based on Evidence Weight." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122125.

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There are many small and medium-sized orogenic copper deposits in the Jinman–Lanping area of Yunnan. In order to standardize mining, long-term planning, and unified management, it is necessary to further delineate prospecting areas. In order to improve the efficiency of prospecting, a data-driven approach is established. This paper uses the weight of evidence model to make prospecting predictions, and it then delineates the prospective prospecting area. The relevant evidence layers in the weight of evidence model are geochemical anomalies and remote sensing iron staining anomalies. Among them, the geochemical anomaly layer mainly uses the concentration-area (C-A) fractal model to separate the geochemical background and anomaly acquisition. The remote sensing iron-stained anomaly layer mainly uses bands (1, 4, 5, 7), and bands (1, 3, 4, 5) were combined for principal component analysis to extract abnormal iron staining. Finally, using the weight of evidence model, the spatial element layers (evidence layers) from different sources were combined, and the interaction between them was analyzed. It is pointed out that the area has good prospects for prospecting, and the prospective prospecting area was thus delineated.
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Garrett, R. G., C. Reimann, D. B. Smith, and X. Xie. "From geochemical prospecting to international geochemical mapping: a historical overview." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 8, no. 3-4 (November 2008): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/08-174.

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Liu, Hanliang, Bimin Zhang, Xueqiu Wang, Zhixuan Han, Baoyun Zhang, and Guoli Yuan. "Application of the Fine-Grained Soil Prospecting Method in Typical Covered Terrains of Northern China." Minerals 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121383.

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In recent years, mineral resources near the surface are becoming scarce, causing focused mineral exploration on concealed deposits in covered terrains. In northern China, covered terrains are widespread and conceal bedrock sequences and mineralization. These represent geochemical challenges for mineral exploration in China. As a deep-penetrating geochemical technology that can reflect the information of deep anomalies, the fine-grained soil prospecting method has achieved ideal test results in arid Gobi Desert covered terrain, semi-arid grassland covered terrain, and alluvium soil covered terrain of northern China. The anomaly range indicated by the fine-grained soil prospecting method is very good with the known ore body location. The corresponding relationship can effectively indicate deep ore bodies and delineate anomalies in unknown areas. Overall, the fine-grained soil prospecting method can be applied to geochemical prospecting and exploration in covered terrains.
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Gan, Jie, Hui Li, Zhengwei He, Yu Gan, Junqing Mu, Huan Liu, and Lin Wang. "Application and Significance of Geological, Geochemical, and Geophysical Methods in the Nanpo Gold Field in Laos." Minerals 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010096.

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As the main part of the Indosinian metallogenic province in the eastern part of the Tethys metallogenic domain, Southeast Asia has experienced multiple stages of tectonic magnetic activities accompanied by the formation of rich mineral resources. However, due to the undeveloped economy, low degree of geological work, dense vegetation cover, and lack of obvious prospecting marks, traditional geological prospecting work in the area is not optimal. Consequently, the combination of high-precision geophysics and geochemistry has become an important method of looking for ore bodies deep underground in this area. The Nanpo gold deposit is a hydrothermal gold deposit that occurs in the Indosinian felsic volcanic rock body, and its mineralization is closely related to felsic magmatism. This study carried out comprehensive geophysical and geochemical exploration methods of soil geochemical survey, induced polarization (IP) survey, and audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) survey. Based on the characteristics of geophysical and geochemical anomalies, geological inference, and interpretation, the integrated geophysical and geochemical prospecting criteria of the ore area have been determined: The large-scale and overlapping Au-Ag-Cu anomaly area in the host felsic magmatic rocks (mainly diorite, monzodiorite and granodiorite) is a favorable metallogenic area. Two anomalies, P1–H1 and P3–H6, with the best metallogenetic conditions and the deepest extensions of the known ore bodies, were further selected as engineering verification targets. After the study of the drill core, gold (mineralized) bodies consistent with the anomalies were found, indicating that the combined method is suitable for the exploration of mineral resources in this area, and the prospecting effect is good. At the same time, the metallogenic prediction shows that the deep part of the mining area still has great metallogenic prospects and prospecting potential. The characteristics of geophysical and geochemical anomalies and prospecting experience in the study area can provide references for the prospecting of hydrothermal gold deposits in the Luang Prabang–Loei structural belt.
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Wang, Qiang, Xueqiu Wang, Zhizhong Cheng, Bimin Zhang, Zezhong Du, Taotao Yan, Huixiang Yuan, Xiaolei Li, Yu Qiao, and Hanliang Liu. "Geogas-Carried Metal Prospecting for Concealed Ore Deposits: A Review of Case Studies in China." Minerals 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2023): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121553.

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Geogas-carried metal prospecting, an integral part of deep-penetrating geochemistry, is potentially effective in the geochemical exploration of concealed ore deposits. However, its principles and applicability remain controversial. This study summarizes and discusses the progress in geogas-carried metal prospecting in China. The method comprises three constituents: geogas, nanoparticles, and their vertical transportation. Researchers have failed to determine the exact contributions of different sources of geogas. Studies on Pb isotopes, rare earth element patterns of geogas, the comparisons between metals in soil, geogas, and ore geochemistry, and characteristics of nanoscale metals in earthgas (NAMEG), confirmed the relationship between NAMEG and concealed ore deposits. A statistical analysis of field experiments and applications showed that geogas-carried metal prospecting is applicable for the geochemical exploration of magmatic and hydrothermal Cu, Au, Zn, Pb, U, Sn, and Ag deposits and is suitable for most geochemical landscapes except deserts and cold swamps. Finally, genetic models of NAMEG anomalies were constructed. High-permeability migration channels are critical in the formation of NAMEG anomalies over concealed ore deposits. Future work entails applying geogas-carried metal prospecting to certain types of ore deposits and geochemical landscapes and studying NAMEG to provide quantitative information for targeting concealed ore deposits.
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Galyuk, S. V., and O. V. Menchinskaya. "Methodological support of design prospecting geochemical works." Prospect and protection of mineral resources, no. 11 (2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53085/0034-026x_2022_11_59.

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Äyräs, Matti. "Geochemical gold prospecting at Vinsanmaa, northern Finland." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 39, no. 3 (March 1991): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90023-n.

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Liu, Bin, Xingtao Cui, and Xueqiu Wang. "The Delineation of Copper Geochemical Blocks and the Identification of Ore-Related Anomalies Using Singularity Analysis of Stream Sediment Geochemical Data in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and Its Adjacent Areas, China." Minerals 13, no. 11 (October 31, 2023): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13111397.

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The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its adjacent areas contain abundant mineral resources, especially porphyry–skarn–stratabound Cu–Au–Mo–Fe deposits, and still have great potential for mineral prospecting. In this paper, geochemical blocks and local singularity mapping methods were used to delineate the spatial distribution pattern of Cu and identify the geochemical anomalies related to Cu deposits. Six copper geochemical blocks, each with an area of more than 1000 km2, were all spatially consistent with the locations of the five Cu ore districts (Edongnan, Jiurui, Anqing-Guichi, Tongling, and Ningzhen) and one ore field (Dexing) in the study area. Thus, geochemical blocks delineated with low-density geochemical data can effectively track the locations of ore districts or large ore deposits. Most of the known Cu deposits in the study area were located in anomalous areas with singularity indices less than 1.741 in the Cu singularity map. The singularity analysis could reduce the anomalous areas and identify the geochemical anomalies related to Cu deposits effectively. Geochemical blocks combining a local singularity mapping method is an effective tool for identifying prospecting targets.
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Sleptsova, M. I., and A. I. Kalinin. "Geochemical Signs of Oil and Gas Potential in the North-East of Yakutia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 032034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/3/032034.

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Abstract Currently, intensive research is being carried out on the oil and gas content of the eastern Arctic region of Russia. This article discusses geochemical studies carried out in the northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is promising for hydrocarbons. This article presents the results of surface geochemical sampling of rocks, waters, and gases performed in Eastern Yakutia under the program of direct oil and gas prospecting. Geochemical studies have shown the promising oil and gas content in the north-eastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which provide an opportunity to carry out prospecting and discovery of predicted deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials.
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Yue, Wei Hao, and Jian Guo Gao. "The Deposit Features and Comprehensive Information Prospecting Model of Mengyejing Potash Deposits in Yunnan Province." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 2136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.2136.

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Mengyejing potash deposit lies in brown-red and variedness salting-in nagelfluh formation of Cenozoic Mengyejing formation which is located at the back-foreland basin of Lanping-Simao bidirectional arc zone, and it is one of the few large-scale solid potash deposits in China. By integrated study systematically, Mengyejing Potash Deposit’s different scales of mineralization geological anomalies information:geological, geophysical, geochemical, and salt spring chemistry and remote sensing were extracted. A comprehensive information prospecting model of Mengyejing potash deposit is established. Tentatively identified deposits prospecting model of Mengyejing formation, negative gravity anomaly, salt spring chemical anomaly and geochemical anomalies as the core and is of a positive significance for this type of deposit’s prospecting.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geochemical prospecting"

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Krug, Mark Alan. "Geochemical exploration in calcrete terrains." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006891.

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This work takes a look at some of the literature on calcretes and especially the problem of geochemical exploration in calcrete terrains. The conclusion that will be reached is that exploration in calcrete terrains is not futile and that provided the explorationist is aware of the types of calcrete and their genetic implications calcrete can be used as a sampling medium and anomalies can be detected through calcrete (p.1.)
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Persson, Kjell. "Integrated geophysical-geochemical methods for archaeological prospecting." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279.

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Breedt, Machiel Christoffel. "Gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains with special emphasis on Central and Western Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005578.

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The aim of this dissertation is an attempt to' provide a general guide for future gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. The dissertation includes a brief discussion of the various exploration techniques used in regional and local exploration. This provide the necessary background knowledge to discriminate between the constraints and applications and to be able to select the techniques which are more suitable for gold exploration in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. Weathering, gold geochemistry and soil formation, fields often neglected, are emphasized to illustrate the importance of the mobility and dispersion of gold in the weathering of the lateritic soil profile. A sound knowledge and experience in regolith mapping is to the advantage of the explorationist. Case studies with special emphasis on Central- and Western Africa are included to illustrate the effectiveness of some of the gold exploration techniques in tropical and sub-tropical terrains. Gold exploration is a highly complex and demanding science and to be successfull involves the full intergration of all geological, geochemical and geophysical information available. An intergrated exploration method and strategy would enhance the possibility of making viable discoveries in this highly competative environment where our mineral resources become more depleted every day. Where applicable, the reader is refered to various recommended literature sources to provide the necessary background knowledge which form an integral part of gold exploration.
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Polito, Paul A. "Exploration implications predicted by the distribution of carbon-oxygen-hydrogen gases above and within the Junction gold deposit, Kambalda, Western Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php769.pdf.

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Bammeke, B. O. "Geochemical prospecting in a greenstone-granite complex, South West Nigeria." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636029.

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A low-density reconnaissance geochemical survey was made of the stream sediments and rocks in the Akaka/Ago-Iwoye, Egbe and Igbo-Ora districts of the southwestern basement complex, Nigeria. The areas are underlain by mainly Precambrian greenstone rocks in close association with granites, gneisses, metasediments (quartzites, quartz-mica schists) and pegmatites. Typical rain forest areas and streams are dissected by a closely and deeply developed dentritic-subdentritic drainage pattern. This study compares the three areas and includes recommendations for further prospecting. Field and mineralogical petrological evidence indicates sulphide mineralization, and geochemical trends in the amphibolites favour a tholeiitic affinity with ultrabasic igneous proliths overprinted by post-magmatic processes. The range of concentrations and geochemical characteristics of elements commonly found in rocks and sediments are reviewed. More than 350 samples were collected and analysed for 17 trace and 10 major elements by X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Analytical precision was monitored using duplicates, standards and reference materials and the statistical basis of analytical quality control examined. Computer based univariate and multivariate statistical techniques are applied to the geochemical data. Initial univariate analyses clearly establish anomalous elemental abundances. Anomalously high Mo, significant Ni and Au values are characteristic of the areas investigated. Particular geochemical patterns of single-element distribution were found. In general, multi-element associations in the sediments were similar to those discerned in the associated bed-rocks. The application of multiple regression analysis to sediments from the Egbe area revealed enhanced Cu and Ni anomalous populations which were suppressed by iron-oxide coprecipitation. R-mode analysis identified models meaningful in terms of correlation either with underlying parent rock, secondary processes of the surifical environment and mineralization. However, there are no clearly defined indications of the ore potential of the Akaka area. The fourth-factor (Au-Sr) for rock samples in the Igbo-Ora complex confirms occurrence of gold mineralization. A clear-cut association of rare-earths are shown in all the areas. The most significant findings of the present work were the identification of exploration target areas worth further investigations. Other aspects highlighted were the possibility of reliable indicator elements for ore mineralization in these areas, significant anomalies being evident in the rocks and sediments.
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Alapää, Pär. "Soil geochemical mapping of manganese in Norrbotten : Delineation of the spatial and statistical distribution of manganese and correlated elements in glacial tills." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111075.

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Information from soil geochemical mapping programmes is useful within a number of different fields including for example mineral exploration and environmental research. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between soil metal concentrations and geological factors such as bedrock lithology, structural geology, mineralizations etc. The study used data acquired in association with a nationwide soil geochemical mapping programme conducted by the Geological Survey of Sweden, SGU. These data contained both total element concentrations measured via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and acid leached concentrations measured with plasma technique. Basic statistical compilations were made, including classification of element concentrations into percentiles according to SGU standards, calculation of leachability and correlation analyses. Spatial analyses were also done, using GIS-software. The results showed that all investigated elements except zinc had elevated median values for total concentrations in the project area compared to the natural median values. The strongest correlation for total element concentrations was that between iron and cobalt with Spearman ρ=0.88. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that sampling sites superimposing volcanic rocks contained the highest total concentrations of manganese. The results also suggested that manganese content increased with increasing age of the underlying bedrock. The highest median concentration of 0.80 g/kg was found in Archean rocks. Known mineralizations were often reflected in the form of positive element anomalies in the till geochemistry. The obtained results were also consistent with the average composition of the bedrock. No clear connections with any of the other investigated geological factors could be made.
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Kagya, Meshack L. N. "The source rock and petroleum geochemistry of the Early Jurassic Poolowanna Formation, Eromanga Basin /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk118.pdf.

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Garcia, Francisco Paulo. "Avaliação da potencialidade metalogenética do Cinturão Dom Feliciano leste do Rio Grande do Sul por meio da prospecção geoquímica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156564.

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Nos últimos anos, estudos de prospecção geoquímica aliados à análise estatística e a técnicas de geoprocessamento tornaram-se imprescindíveis na busca por novos depósitos minerais. O Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM) executou o levantamento geoquímico na porção leste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em uma área de aproximadamente 32.481 km², e disponibilizou dados de sedimentos de corrente e de concentrado de bateia. A área desse estudo está situada sobre o Escudo Sul-rio-grandense, mais especificamente no Cinturão Dom Feliciano Leste. Trata-se de uma área formada por um volumoso magmatismo granítico com características de retrabalhamento crustal, na qual predominam rochas de idades proterozóicas. Apesar de pesquisas pontuais haverem encontrado indícios para a descoberta de novas ocorrências minerais na porção leste do escudo, esta tem sido pouco estudada. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou investigar possibilidades de novos alvos a partir da identificação de valores anômalos nesta região, empregando técnicas estatísticas e de geoprocessamento. Foram analisadas 1528 amostras de sedimentos de corrente e 1477, de concentrados de bateia, disponibilizadas no banco de dados digital da CPRM (Geobank) Determinaram-se os limiares para elementos químicos de sedimentos de corrente que possibilitaram identificar áreas anômalas. Os dados de concentrados de bateia foram tratados de forma distinta, a partir da construção de mapas de densidade do tipo Kernel. As áreas anômalas foram apresentadas de duas formas distintas. As Anomalias Puramente Estatísticas correspondem às regiões que apresentaram elementos químicos com valores acima do limiar e consideram apenas a posição geográfica destes, independentemente da afinidade existente entre os mesmos. Já as Anomalias Prospectivas foram assim denominadas, pois a delimitação da área anômala foi baseada no agrupamento de elementos que possuem afinidade, utilizando conceitos de prospecção como assinatura geoquímica e elementos farejadores. Os resultados encontrados apontam para seis áreas anômalas na porção leste do escudo sul-riograndense, os quais apresentam assinaturas de depósitos IOCG, Pórfiro-epitermal e depósitos relacionados a granitos estaníferos. Este estudo geoquímico de escala regional revelou áreas anômalas inéditas no escudo sul-riograndense. Fica claro que existe um alto potencial na área da metalogenia a ser ainda estudado.
In the last few years, geochemical prospective studies allied to statistical analysis and geoprocessing techniques became indispensable in the search for new mineral deposits. The Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM) performed a geochemical survey in the eastern portion of the Rio Grande do Sul State, in an area that covers 32.481 km², and provided stream sediment and pan concentrate data. The studied area is situated in the Rio Grande do Sul’s Shield, more specifically in the Dom Feliciano Eastern belt. The area is constituted by a massive granitic magmatism with crustal reworking characteristics, in which rocks of Proterozoic age prevail. Although some researches had found clues of new mineral occurrences in the eastern part of the Shield, it is still understudied. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possibilities of new targets from the identification of anomalous values in the region, employing statistical and geoprocessing techniques. 1528 stream sediment and 1477 pan concentrate samples are available in the digital database of CPRM (Geobank) were analysed. The threshold values for stream sediment chemical elements were determined, which allowed identifying the anomalous areas The pan concentrate data was analysed differently, from the construction of Kernel density maps. The resulting anomalous areas of this study were presented in two different ways, as Purely Statistical Anomalies (PSA) and Prospective Anomalies (PA). The regions that presented chemical elements above the threshold value, considering just their geographical position, regardless of the chemical affinity between the elements, were denominated Purely Statistical Anomalies. In the Prospective Anomalies, the delimitation of the anomalous area was based on the grouping of the elements that had chemical affinity, using prospective concepts as geochemical signature and pathfinder elements. The results pointed to six anomalous areas in the Sul-Riograndense Shield, which presented signatures of Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), porphyry-epithermal and stanniferous granites deposits. This regional scale geochemical study revealed unprecedented anomalous areas in the Sul-Riograndense Shield. Besides that, it became clear that there is a great metallogenic potential that still need to be studied.
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Hartzler, Joy R. "The geological exploration of kimberlitic rocks in Québec /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101135.

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Diamonds have been discovered in a variety of potassic ultramafic rocks including group-I and group-II kimberlites, olivine lamproites and aillikites, all of which are macroscopically similar and can be difficult to differentiate when viewed under the microscope. However, group-I kimberlites, and to a much lesser extent group-II kimberlites and olivine lamproites, are known to contain economic concentrations of diamonds. This study addresses the problem of distinguishing among different types of kimberlitic and related rocks by developing a geochemically-based method for classifying them.
Geochemical methods have been largely ignored in the classification of kimberlites and related rock types due to high concentrations of xenoliths. However, this problem can be largely overcome by only selecting matrix material for analysis. An evolving kimberlitic magma will become enriched or improvished in Si due to the fractionation of olivine and phlogopite, depending on the initial Si concentration of the magma. As they have low Si concentrations, group-I kimberlites and aillikites can be separated from group-II kimberlites and meimechites, which have higher Si concentrations for any Mg content. Furthermore, since aillikites and meimechites are relatively rich in Fe compared to group-I and group-II kimberlites, these rock types form four separate fields on a Si vs. Fe discrimination diagram. Similar rock-type separation is observed when the ratio of La to Yb is plotted against the ratio of Sm to Yb. Kimberlite and other potassic ultramafic rocks were sampled from nine areas in Quebec: the Otish Mountains, Wemindji, Torngat Mountains, Desmaraisville, Temiscamingue, Ile Bizard, Lac Leclair, Baie James and Ayer's Cliff regions. Major and selected trace element concentrations were determined by XRF analysis for all samples, while a subset of representative samples was selected for trace element analysis by ICP-MS. Electron microprobe analyses of unaltered olivine and phlogopite were also conducted.
Of the 37 samples that were classified both mineralogically and chemically, 23 or 62% were correctly classified using Fe and Si. This number increases to 84%, if the REE are used in conjunction with Si and Fe. The Si vs. Fe discrimination diagram separates group-I kimberlite from most aillikite and meimechite rocks and group-II kimberlite/olivine lamproite rocks from most aillikite and meimechite rocks. Therefore, major and trace element geochemistry offers an important tool for the classification of kimberlitic rocks.
Vasilenko et al. (2002) and Francis (2003) both suggested that diamond grades can be correlated with the major element compositions of the kimberlites. The data collected in this study confirm the inverse relationship between TiO2 concentration and diamond grade. The lowest TiO 2 values were obtained on samples from the Otish Mountains and Renard samples in particular. Other areas of Quebec are characterized by higher TiO2 contents with most samples containing greater than 2 wt% TiO 2. Therefore, the kimberlitic rocks from the Renard locality have the greatest potential for an economic diamond deposit. The origin of this correlation needs to be explored, however, because it is unclear whether this is a feature of the mantle source, or reflects the survivability of diamonds within the kimberlites.
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Wavrek, David A. "Role of sulphur in altering maturity-dependent biomarker transformations - a quantitative approach /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1992. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9222155.

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Books on the topic "Geochemical prospecting"

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J, Janatka, and Ústřední ústav geologický (Czech Republic), eds. Methods of geochemical prospecting: Extended abstracts : International Symposium on Geochemical Prospecting. Prague: Geological Survey, 1990.

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Mogensen, Jens Ancher. Geochemical manual. 2nd ed. [s.l.]: Sally's Little Printing Shop, 1985.

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M, Oesterlen P., Nachsel-Weschke G, and Zimbabwe Geological Survey, eds. Exclusive prospecting orders. Harare: Zimbabwe Geological Survey, 1998.

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Solovov, A. P. Geochemical prospecting for mineral deposit. Moscou: Mir, 1987.

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Solovov, A. P. Geochemical Prospecting for Mineral Deposits. Moscow: Mir, 1987.

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Solovov, A. P. Geochemical prospecting for mineral deposits. Moscow: Mir, 1987.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Geochemical exploration for uranium. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1988.

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P, Oland Gustav, Orris G. J, Geological Survey (U.S.), Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (U.S.), and Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geológico-Mineras, eds. Geochemical data from Colombia. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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P, Oland Gustav, Orris G. J, Geological Survey (U.S.), Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (U.S.), and Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geológico-Mineras., eds. Geochemical data from Colombia. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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R, Barefoot R., ed. Analytical methods for geochemical exploration. San Diego: Academic Press, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geochemical prospecting"

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Liangquan, Ge. "Chapter 7. Geochemical Prospecting." In Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, 141–73. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847558640-00141.

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Baker, Edward T. "Hydrothermal Plume Prospecting: Hydrographic and Geochemical Techniques." In Gorda Ridge, 155–67. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3258-2_10.

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Krimmel, M. "Geochemical Detail Prospecting for Base-Metal and Barite Mineralizations in the Left Rhenish Slate Mountains." In The Rhenish Massif, 113–31. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-01886-5_10.

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Jiachong, Yang, Li Dade, Zhang Duoxun, Li Shuiming, Li Xinyi, and Lu Xiuffeng. "Geochemical Characteristics of Indicator Elements and Prospecting Criteria for the Danchi Polymetallic Mineralized Belt of the Dachang Tin Field." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 339–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_24.

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van der Zwan, Froukje M., Colin W. Devey, and Nico Augustin. "Hydrothermal Prospection in the Red Sea Rift: Geochemical Messages from Basalts." In Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea, 221–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6_10.

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Williams, Neil. "Light-Element Stable Isotope Studies of the Clastic-Dominated Lead–Zinc Mineral Systems of Northern Australia and the North American Cordillera: Implications for Ore Genesis and Exploration." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 329–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_11.

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AbstractClastic-dominated lead–zinc (CD Pb–Zn) deposits are an important source of the world’s Pb and Zn supply. Their genesis is contentious due to uncertainties regarding the time of ore formation relative to the deposition of the fine-grained carbonaceous strata that host CD Pb–Zn mineralization. Sulfur-isotopic studies are playing an important role in determining if ore minerals precipitated when hydrothermal fluids exhaled into the water column from which the host strata were being deposited, or when hydrothermal fluids entered the host strata during diagenesis or even later after lithification. Older conventional S-isotopic studies, based on analyses of bulk mineral-separate samples obtained by either physical or chemical separation methods, provided data that has been widely used to support a syngenetic-exhalative origin for CD Pb–Zn mineralization. However, with the advent in the late 1980’s of in situ S-isotopic studies using micro-analytical methods, it soon became apparent that detailed S-isotopic variations of genetic importance are blurred in conventional analytical data sets because of averaging during sample preparation. Clastic-dominated Pb–Zn mineralization in the North Australian Proterozoic metallogenic province and the North American Paleozoic Cordilleran province has been the subject of many stable isotope studies based on both bulk and in situ analytical methods. Together with detailed mineral texture observations, the studies have revealed a similar sulfide mineral paragenesis in both provinces. The earliest sulfide phase in the paragenesis is fine-grained pyrite that sometimes has a framboidal texture. This pyrite typically has a wide range of δ34S values that are more than 15‰ lower than the value of coeval seawater sulfate. These features are typical of, and very strong evidence for, pyrite formation by bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) either syngenetically in an anoxic water column or during early diagenesis in anoxic muds. The formation of this early pyrite is followed by one or more later generations of pyrite that often occur as overgrowths around the early pyrite generation. The later pyrite generations have δ34S values that are much higher than the early pyrite, often approaching the value of coeval seawater sulfate. Later pyrite formation has been variously attributed to BSR in a more restricted diagenetic environment, to sulfate driven-anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM) and to abiotic thermal sulfate reduction (TSR), with all three mechanisms again involving coeval seawater sulfate. The main sulfide ore minerals, galena and sphalerite, either overlap with or postdate later pyrite generations and are most often attributed to TSR of seawater sulfate. However, in comparison with pyrite, there is a dearth of in situ δ34S data for galena and sphalerite that needs to be rectified to better understand ore forming processes. Importantly, the available data do not support a simple sedimentary-exhalative model for the formation of all but part of one of the Northern American and Australian deposits. The exception is the giant Red Dog deposit group in Alaska where various lines of evidence, including stable isotopic data, indicate that ore formation was protracted, ranging from early syn-sedimentary to early diagenetic sulfide formation through to late sulfide deposition in veins and breccias. The Red Dog deposits are the only example with early sphalerite with extremely low negative δ34S values typical of a BSR-driven precipitation mechanism. By contrast, later stages of pyrite, sphalerite and galena have higher positive δ34S values indicative of a TSR-driven precipitation mechanism. In CD Pb–Zn deposits in carbonate-bearing strata, carbon and oxygen isotope studies of the carbonates provide evidence that the dominant carbonate species in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids was H2CO3, and that the fluids were initially warm (≥ 150 °C) and neutral to acid. The δ18O values of the hydrothermal fluids are ≥ 6‰, suggesting these fluids were basinal fluids that evolved through exchange with the basinal sedimentary rocks. Known CD Pb–Zn deposits all occur at or near current land surfaces and their discovery involved traditional prospecting, geophysical and geochemical exploration techniques. Light stable isotopes are unlikely to play a significant role in the future search for new CD Pb–Zn deposits deep beneath current land surfaces, but are likely to prove useful in identifying ore-forming hydrothermal fluid pathways in buried CD Pb–Zn systems and be a vector to new mineralization.
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"Geochemical prospecting methods." In Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Deposits, 147–86. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-99515-5.50013-2.

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Luis Manrique Carreño, John. "Geochemistry Applied to the Exploration of Mineral Deposits." In Geochemistry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103941.

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Geochemistry can be applied to the exploration of mineral deposits, for which it is necessary to understand the fundamentals of geochemical prospecting, the geochemical dispersion of elements based on their chemical properties. This chapter presents the basics of geochemical prospecting including: element mobility depending on ionic potential, pH, and Eh, with examples of Cu mobility during supergenic alteration of a primary sulfide deposit, a brief overview of sampling/geochemical prospecting methods, as well as a case study of the geochemical prospecting study carried out in the vanadium (V), uranium (U), and zinc (Zn) sedimentary mineral deposit of Puyango, Ecuador, in which anomalous and subanomalous values were detected in rock samples of various pathfinder elements of V and U.
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"Classification of Geochemical Prospecting Methods." In Geochemical Methods of Prospecting and Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas, 42–46. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.8501458.6.

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Wackernagel, Hans, and Henri Sanguinetti. "Gold Prospecting With Factorial Cokriging In The Limousin, France." In Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085938.003.0008.

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In geochemical prospecting for gold a major difficulty is that many values are below the chemical detection limit. Tracers for gold thus play an important role in the evaluation of multivariate geochemical data. In this case study we apply geostatistical methods presented in Wackernagel (1988) to multielement exploration data from a prospect near Limoges, France. The analysis relies upon a metallogenetic model by Bonnemaison and Marcoux (1987, 1990) describing auriferous mineralization in shear zones of the Limousin. The aim of geochemical exploration is to find deposits of raw materials. What is a deposit? It is a geological anomaly which has a significant average content of a given raw material and enough spatial extension to have economic value. The geological body denned by an anomaly is generally buried at a specific depth and may be detectable at the surface through indices. These indices, which we shall call superficial anomalies, are disposed in three manners: at isolated locations, along faults, and as dispersion halos. These two definitions of the word "anomaly" correspond to a vision of the geological phenomenon in its full continuity. Yet in exploration geochemistry only a discrete perception of the phenomenon is possible through samples taken along a regularly meshed grid. A superficial anomaly thus can be apprehended by one or several samples or it can escape the grip of the geochemist when it is located between the nodes of the mesh. A geochemical anomaly, in the strict sense, only exists at the nodes of the sampling grid and we shall distinguish between: a pointwise anomaly defined on a single sample, and a groupwise anomaly defined on several neighboring samples. This distinction is important both upstream, for the geological interpretation of geochemical measurements, and downstream, at the level of geostatistical manipulation of the data. It will condition an exploration strategy on the basis of the data representations used in this case study. A pointwise anomaly, i.e., a high, isolated value of the material being sought, will correspond either to a geological phenomenon of limited extent or to a well hidden deposit.
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Conference papers on the topic "Geochemical prospecting"

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Kopylov, I. S. "HYDROGAS GEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE OIL AND GAS POTENTIALITY OF THE TUNGUSKA BASIN." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Perm State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2023.122.

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Hydro-gas-geochemical oil and gas prospecting studies were carried out in the west of the Siberian platform in the basin of the river. Podkamennaya Tunguska. 2.7 thousand sources of groundwater and watercourses were studied in terms of water- dissolved gases. The main informative hydro-gas geochemical indicators in the Tunguska basin in the upper hydrodynamic zone are: methane and heavy hydrocarbons. 40 methane anomalies and 48 heavy hydrocarbons anomalies have been identified, mainly associated with geodynamic active zones and local tectonic structures.
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V. Stadnik, E. "Oil and gas prospecting by geochemical methods in a system ´overproductive thickness - Surface formations´." In 56th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201410244.

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Ye, Rong, and Mei Lu. "Macro appearance and micro evidence of geochemical anomalies using geogas prospecting for concealed gold deposit." In 15th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 31 July-3 August 2017. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2017-315.

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Gachenko, S. V., A. V. Parshin, and A. E. Budyak. "Joint Processing and Interpretation of UAV-Geophysical and Geochemical Data in Prospecting for Gold Ores." In GeoBaikal 2020. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202052069.

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Karin, Yuriy, Svetlana Bortnikova, and Nataliya Yurkevich. "INTEGRATION OF ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING METHODS AND GEOCHEMICAL TESTING FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF TAILING DUMPS MODELS." In 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/1.2/s05.077.

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Alva Huamán, Daniel Alejandro, Jhonatan Luis Marquina Alfaro, Juan Francisco Gonzales Medina, and Alex Patricio Marinovic Pulido. "Geochemical prospecting for the generation of exploration targets in the district of Caravelí, Arequipa 2020." In 20th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology: “Education, Research and Leadership in Post-pandemic Engineering: Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Actions”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2022.1.1.288.

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Kopylov, I. S. "GAS-GEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF OIL AND GAS CONTENT IN THE ABOVE-SALT COMPLEX IN THE WEST OF THE SIBERIAN PLATFORM." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Perm State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2023.129.

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Gas-geochemical oil and gas prospecting studies have been carried out in the west of the Siberian platform within the Baikal anteclise. The above-salt complex was studied as part of the Upper-Middle Cambrian, Ordovician deposits and partly Silurian. More than 5000 samples of rocks represented by siltstones, sandstones, dolomites, limestones, marls were selected. Numerous anomalies in methane and heavy hydrocarbons have been established. As a rule, they are small in area, manifest themselves by tectonic disturbances, partially coincide with local positive structures.
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"Analysis of Geochemical Characteristics Prospecting Prospects of Nickel Polymetallic Ore in Langmuri Dulan County of Qinghai." In 2020 International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Sustainability and Green Technologies. Association for Computer, Electronics and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48062/978-1-7773850-0-2.002.

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Hikov, Atanas, Kalin Kouzmanov, Silvia Chavdarova, and Milen Stavrev. "GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGANESE MINERALIZATION FROM THE POZHAREVO DEPOSIT, WESTERN SREDNOGORIE ZONE, BULGARIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/1.1/s01.04.

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The increased demand for raw materials requires to reassess some deposits that were not of economic interest in the past. Complex of modern geochemical and mineralogical methods (SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS, QUEMSCAN) are used to study the ore mineralization in the small scale Pozharevo manganese deposit, Western Srednogorie Zone, Bulgaria. The deposit is formed in the contact zone between Late Cretaceous andesite pyroclastic rocks and overlying volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks. Manganese mineralization forms colloform textures of alternating compositions from manganeserich phases (birnessite, hollandite, pyrolusite etc.), mixed silicon-manganese phases to silicon-rich phases and often brecciates volcanic clasts. In situ LA-ICP-MS study of trace elements shows significant amounts of Cu, Li, As, Sr, Mo, Ba, W, Tl, REE, some of them defined as critical raw materials. QUEMSCAN study demonstrates join deposition of Mn, K and Ba with volcanogenic-sedimentary origin while later pyrolusite probably is hydrothermal. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics show hydrothermal-sedimentary origin of Mn mineralization but also it has common features with modern deep-sea polymetallic nodules and proposes similar paleogeodinamic environments. Our study shows that the Pozharevo manganese deposit has good potential for prospecting of critical elements.
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Xi, Mingjie, Keqiang Zhao, and Shengming Ma. "Gold Geochemical Anomaly and Prospecting Prediction in the Southern Section of Jiaojia Fault Zone, Jiaodong Gold Province, Eastern China." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2912.

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Reports on the topic "Geochemical prospecting"

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McMartin, I., D. E. Kerr, M. B. McClenaghan, A. Duk-Rodkin, T. Tremblay, M. Parent, and J. M. Rice. Introduction and Summary. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331419.

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This bulletin summarizes surficial geology knowledge and data produced by the Geo-mappingfor Energy and Minerals (GEM) program in the last decade and provides an updated understanding of the nature, distribution, and history of surficial deposits in various glacial terrain types of Canada's North. The advancement in various aspects of surficial geology and the evolution of certain concepts and methods form the subject of the papers that make up this bulletin. Specifically, the papers discuss the status of surficial geology mapping in northern Canada and the development of standards to facilitate map release; highlights from selected GEM surficial geochemical and indicator mineral surveys and the establishment of protocols for drift prospecting; and the revised glacial histories and surficial geology in various regions, from the Mackenzie Mountains to the Labrador coast. This introductory paper to Bulletin 611 describes the scope of the publication and provides a summary of major surficial geology contributions to the GEM program in northern Canada. Remaining knowledge gaps and outstanding issues suggest ideas for future research topics and regions of interest that could inform decisions on mineral exploration and land-use management.
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McMartin, I., D. E. Kerr, M. B. McClenaghan, A. Duk-Rodkin, T. Tremblay, M. Parent, and J. M. Rice. Introduction et Sommaire. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331427.

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This Bulletin summarizes surficial geology knowledge and data produced by the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program in the last decade, and provides an updated understanding of the nature, distribution, and history of surficial deposits in various glacial terrain types of Canada's North. The advancement in various aspects of surficial geology and the evolution of certain concepts and methods form the subject of the papers that make up this bulletin. Specifically, the status of surficial geology mapping in northern Canada and the development of standards to facilitate map release; highlights from selected GEM surficial geochemical and indicator mineral surveys and the establishment of protocols for drift prospecting; and the revised glacial histories and surficial geology in various regions, from the Mackenzie Mountains to the Labrador coast, are discussed. This introductory paper to Bulletin 611 describes the scope of the publication and provides a summary of major surficial geology contributions to the GEM program in northern Canada. Remaining knowledge gaps and outstanding issues suggest ideas for future research topics and regions of interest that could inform decisions on mineral exploration and land-use management.
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Manor, M. J., and S. J. Piercey. Whole-rock lithogeochemistry, Nd-Hf isotopes, and in situ zircon geochemistry of VMS-related felsic rocks, Finlayson Lake VMS district, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328992.

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The Finlayson Lake district in southeastern Yukon is composed of a Late Paleozoic arc-backarc system that consists of metamorphosed volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks of the Yukon-Tanana and Slide Mountain terranes. These rocks host >40 Mt of polymetallic resources in numerous occurrences and styles of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization. Geochemical and isotopic data from these rocks support previous interpretations that volcanism and plutonism occurred in arc-marginal arc (e.g., Fire Lake formation) and continental back-arc basin environments (e.g., Kudz Ze Kayah formation, Wind Lake formation, and Wolverine Lake group) where felsic magmatism formed from varying mixtures of crust- and mantle-derived material. The rocks have elevated high field strength element (HFSE) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and evolved to chondritic isotopic signatures, in VMS-proximal stratigraphy relative to VMS-barren assemblages. These geochemical features reflect the petrogenetic conditions that generated felsic rocks and likely played a role in the localization of VMS mineralization in the district. Preliminary in situ zircon chemistry supports these arguments with Th/U and Hf isotopic fingerprinting, where it is interpreted that the VMS-bearing lithofacies formed via crustal melting and mixing with increased juvenile, mafic magmatism; rocks that were less prospective have predominantly crustal signatures. These observations are consistent with the formation of VMS-related felsic rocks by basaltic underplating, crustal melting, and basalt-crustal melt mixing within an extensional setting. This work offers a unique perspective on magmatic petrogenesis that underscores the importance of integrating whole-rock with mineral-scale geochemistry in the characterization of VMS-related stratigraphy.
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Corriveau, L., J. F. Montreuil, O. Blein, E. Potter, M. Ansari, J. Craven, R. Enkin, et al. Metasomatic iron and alkali calcic (MIAC) system frameworks: a TGI-6 task force to help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329093.

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Australia's and China's resources (e.g. Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag and Bayan Obo REE deposits) highlight how discovery and mining of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide±apatite (IOA) and affiliated primary critical metal deposits in metasomatic iron and alkali-calcic (MIAC) mineral systems can secure a long-term supply of critical metals for Canada and its partners. In Canada, MIAC systems comprise a wide range of undeveloped primary critical metal deposits (e.g. NWT NICO Au-Co-Bi-Cu and Québec HREE-rich Josette deposits). Underexplored settings are parts of metallogenic belts that extend into Australia and the USA. Some settings, such as the Camsell River district explored by the Dene First Nations in the NWT, have infrastructures and 100s of km of historic drill cores. Yet vocabularies for mapping MIAC systems are scanty. Ability to identify metasomatic vectors to ore is fledging. Deposit models based on host rock types, structural controls or metal associations underpin the identification of MIAC-affinities, assessment of systems' full mineral potential and development of robust mineral exploration strategies. This workshop presentation reviews public geoscience research and tools developed by the Targeted Geoscience Initiative to establish the MIAC frameworks of prospective Canadian settings and global mining districts and help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. The knowledge also supports fundamental research, environmental baseline assessment and societal decisions. It fulfills objectives of the Canadian Mineral and Metal Plan and the Critical Mineral Mapping Initiative among others. The GSC-led MIAC research team comprises members of the academic, private and public sectors from Canada, Australia, Europe, USA, China and Dene First Nations. The team's novel alteration mapping protocols, geological, mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical framework tools, and holistic mineral systems and petrophysics models mitigate and solve some of the exploration and geosciences challenges posed by the intricacies of MIAC systems. The group pioneers the use of discriminant alteration diagrams and barcodes, the assembly of a vocab for mapping and core logging, and the provision of field short courses, atlas, photo collections and system-scale field, geochemical, rock physical properties and geophysical datasets are in progress to synthesize shared signatures of Canadian settings and global MIAC mining districts. Research on a metamorphosed MIAC system and metamorphic phase equilibria modelling of alteration facies will provide a foundation for framework mapping and exploration of high-grade metamorphic terranes where surface and near surface resources are still to be discovered and mined as are those of non-metamorphosed MIAC systems.
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Corriveau, L., and E. G. Potter. Advancing exploration for iron oxide-copper-gold and affiliated deposits in Canada: context, scientific overview, outcomes, and impacts. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332495.

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The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) and Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) programs conducted extensive collaborative research on mineral systems with iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and affiliated deposits in prospective settings of Canada. Regional alteration mapping as well as geochemical and geophysical modelling undertaken under the GEM program documented the evolution of polymetallic metasomatic systems with iron-oxide and alkali-calcic alteration and led to an increased recognition of the mineral potential of poorly explored areas and historic deposits of the Great Bear magmatic zone in the Northwest Territories, thus providing a solid framework for exploration. Early and barren albitite corridors form across the mineral systems and locally host uranium mineralization associated with telescoping of alteration facies by tectonic activity during the metasomatic growth of the systems. Subsequent to albitization, high-temperature Ca-Fe and Ca-K-Fe alteration form iron oxide-apatite (± rare-earth element) mineralization and IOCG variants rich in cobalt and other critical metals, respectively. Systems that further mature to K-Fe alteration form IOCG mineralization and can evolve to mineralized near-surface phyllic alteration and epithermal caps. Transitional facies also host polymetallic skarn mineralization. Rare-earth element enrichments within iron oxide-apatite zones are strongest where remobilization has occurred, particularly along deformation zones. The TGI projects documented the pertinence for a GEM activity in the Great Bear magmatic zone and subsequently synthesized GEM geoscientific data into a system-scale, ore-deposit model, and outlined criteria for mineral resource assessment. This model, and newly developed field-mapping and lithogeochemical tools were shown to be efficient mineral exploration and regional mapping methods in Canada and were also applied to the archetype IOCG deposit, Olympic Dam, and other deposits in the Olympic Cu-Au metallogenic province of Australia. Case examples also include the Romanet Horst in the Trans-Hudson Orogen (second phase of GEM), the Central Mineral Belt in Labrador (TGI), the Wanapitei Lake district in Ontario (private sector exploration results used by TGI), and the Bondy gneiss complex in Quebec (TGI).
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NURE geochemical and geophysical surveys; defining prospective terranes for United States placer exploration. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2097.

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