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Journal articles on the topic 'Geochemical dispersion'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Diemar, Glen A., Montserrat Filella, Peter Leverett, and Peter A. Williams. "Dispersion of antimony from oxidizing ore deposits." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 9 (August 4, 2009): 1547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-10-21.

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The solubilities of brandholzite, [Mg(H2O)6][Sb(OH)6]2, and bottinoite, [Ni(H2O)6][Sb(OH)6]2, at 25 °C in water have been measured. Solubilities are 1.95(4) × 10-3 and 3.42(11) × 10-4 mol dm-3, respectively. The incongruent dissolution of romeite, Ca2Sb2O7, and bindheimite, Pb2Sb2O7, at 25 °C in 0.100 mol dm-3 aqueous HNO3 was also investigated. Equilibrium dissolved Sb concentrations were 3.3 ± 1.0 × 10-7 and 7.7 ± 2.1 × 10-8 mol dm-3, respectively. These values have been used to re-evaluate the geochemical mobility of Sb in the supergene environment. It is concluded that the element is geochemically immobile in solution and in soils. This was in part validated by an orientation soil geochemical survey over the Bayley Park prospect near Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. Anomalous soil Sb levels are confined to within 100 m of known stibnite mineralization.
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2

Wang, Jian, and Renguang Zuo. "Quantifying the Distribution Characteristics of Geochemical Elements and Identifying Their Associations in Southwestern Fujian Province, China." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020183.

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The distribution of geochemical elements in the surficial media is the end product of geochemical dispersion under complex geological conditions. This study explored the frequency and spatial distribution characteristics of geochemical elements and their associations. It quantifies the frequency distribution via mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis, followed by measuring the spatial distribution characteristics (i.e., spatial autocorrelation, heterogeneity and self-similarity) via semivariogram, q-statistic and multifractal spectrum, and further identify the elemental associations based on these distribution parameters using hierarchical clustering. A criterion was defined to identify the importance of parameters in the clustering procedure. A case study processing a geochemical dataset of stream sediment samples collected in southwestern Fujian province of China was carried out to illustrate and validate the procedure. The results indicate that studies of the frequency and spatial distribution characteristics of geochemical elements can enhance the knowledge of geochemical dispersions. The associations identified based on the frequency and spatial distribution parameters are different from those obtained by conventional cluster analysis. Spatial distribution characteristics cannot be neglected when investigating the distribution patterns of geochemical elements and their associations. The findings can enhance the knowledge of the geochemical dispersion in the study area and might benefit the following-up mineral exploration.
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3

Khalilov, A., Z. Akbarova, K. Khoshjanova, N. Atabaeva, Sh Juraev, and M. Juliev. "Results of mineralogical and geochemical investigations of rocks and ores of productive horizons of sandstone type of Dzhengeldy deposit." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1068, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1068/1/012006.

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Abstract The mineralogical and geochemical study of the productive horizons of the Dzhengeldy site was carried out from 2016 to 2020. It should be noted that each horizon has ore-bearing rocks with similar mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. We studied 2 horizons of the Dzhengeldy site (Maastricht and Lyavlyakan). Below are the results of studying the material composition and geochemical features of rocks and ores from deposits of the productive horizons of the Maastrichtian and Lavlyakan selected for various geochemical subzones: oxidized (oreless, selenium dispersion aureoles, uranium and selenium dispersion aureoles, uranium dispersion aureoles, selenium ores) and unoxidized (selenium dispersion aureoles, uranium and selenium dispersion aureoles, selenium ores, uranium ores, uranium dispersion aureoles, uranium and molybdenum dispersion aureoles, molybdenum dispersion aureoles) parts of zoning. It should be noted that the subzones of uranium-selenium, uranium-molybdenum and molybdenum mineralization localized in the grey part of the section have not been studied due to the lack of samples. The subzone of the uranium-molybdenum dispersion aureoles is represented by only one sample, the subzone of the molybdenum dispersion aureoles is represented by three samples (1 sample from the Lavlyakan horizon, 2 samples from the Maastrichtian horizon).
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4

Liu, Rui Ping, You Ning Xu, Fang He, Jiang Hua Zhang, Hua Qing Chen, Hai Ling Ke, Gang Qiao, Dong Ying Xu, and A. Ning Zhao. "Environmental Impact by Heavy-Metal Dispersion from the Fine Sediments of the Shuangqiao River, Xiaoqinling Gold Area, China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1929.

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Abstract. the sediments is the second pollution source to the water quality of river in mining area, in order to assess the pollution extent of the Shuangqiao River by anthropogenic activity, and establish the geochemical background values and the possible geochemical anomaly range, The authors use Lognormal distribution plots to study the Mercury, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Arsenic, Zinc and Iron dispersion in the fine sediments of the Shuangqiao River. The Lognormal distribution plots are applied to discriminate the geochemical background levels of eight heavy metals from the geochemical anomalies. The result shows that Mercury, Lead are the most heavily pollution which is related to anthropogenic activities, and the concluded geochemical background value is more reasonable than before.
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5

Siddeeg, Saifeldin M., Nicholas D. Bryan, and Francis R. Livens. "Behaviour and mobility of U and Ra in sediments near an abandoned uranium mine, Cornwall, UK." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 1 (2015): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4em00230j.

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6

Halley, Scott, John H. Dilles, and Richard M. Tosdal. "Footprints: Hydrothermal Alteration and Geochemical Dispersion Around Porphyry Copper Deposits." SEG Discovery, no. 100 (January 1, 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/segnews.2015-100.fea.

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ABSTRACT Whole-rock lithogeochemical analyses combined with short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy provide a rapid and cost-effective method for prospecting for porphyry-type hydrothermal systems. Lithogeochemistry detects trace metals to average crustal abundance levels and allows vectoring via gradients of chalcophile and lithophile elements transported by magmatic-hydrothermal ore and external circulating fluids that are dispersed and trapped in altered rocks. Of particular use are alkalis in sericite and metals such as Mo, W, Se, Te, Bi, As, and Sb, which form stable oxides that remain in weathered rocks and soils. SWIR mapping of shifts in the 2,200-nm Al-OH absorption feature in sericite define paleofluid pH gradients useful for vectoring toward the center of the buoyant metal-bearing magmatic-hydrothermal plume.
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7

Alekseenko, Vladimir, Natalya Shvydkaya, Alexander Puzanov, and Aleksey Nastavkin. "Landscape monitoring studies of the North Caucasian geochemical province." Journal of Mining Institute 243 (June 10, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2020.3.371.

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The data on the geochemical features of the bedrocks and soils of the province are given. Considerable attention is paid to regional abundances, as well as enrichment and dispersion factors of the chemical elements in landscapes. Using the example of the North Caucasus, it is shown that for such indicators as phytomass, geological, geomorphological, and geobotanical features, it is possible to make a preliminary outlining of regional structures corresponding to geochemical provinces. At the same time, a subsequent geochemical study of these structures remains mandatory. Upon determining certain geochemical associations, geochemical provinces can be basically distinguished; to a large extent, geochemical properties of these accumulated and scattered associations of elements contribute to the regional soil geochemistry. The results of long-term monitoring studies of the North Caucasus geochemical province have shown that the key features of the regional landscapes are due to the composition of bedrock and the presence of a large number of ore deposits and occurrences. The data obtained are the basis for assessing the state of the environment in conditions of increasing anthropogenic impact, and the established regional abundances can be used to assess the degree of pollution in agricultural, residential, and mining landscapes.
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8

Stajevic, Bosko. "Geochemical haloes of Gold in the Lece ore field - southern Serbia." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, no. 65 (2003): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp0301093s.

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In the area of the Lece base-metal ore field in the SE part of the Radana Tertiary volcanic complex, prospecting researches, lasting several years was done during the last decade of the last century. In the paper some results are presented and analyzed, especially those concerning the distribution of gold relative to trace elements in the secondary lithogeochemical dispersion haloes. In the assemblage of 8 analyzed trace elements of the Lece lithogeochemical field, Au, Pb, Zn, Ag and Sb show expressive, contrasting and mutually well correlated secondary dispersion haloes. The presented results of geochemical prospecting are considered not to be clearly indicative for epithermal gold mineralization in the polymetallic ore field Lece.
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9

ΒΑΡΝΑΒΑΣ, Σ. Π. "The contribution of Geochemistry in the assessment of environmental conditions in soils and aquatic systems and in the application of remediation methodologies." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2002): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16863.

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A main present day geochemical application is the assessment of the environmental conditions prevailing in a variety of natural and anthropogenic environments and the application of remediation methodologies. For this aim geochemical studies lead to the determination of the concentration levels and the source of pollutants. In addition through biogeochemical studies the behavior of pollutants in various environments is determined (i.e. rate of enrichment or dilution in space and time, dispersion processes etc.). On the basis of the results of geochemical studies remediation methodologies and methodologies leading to prevention of toxic elements in getting into the food chain are applied while criteria are put for the quality of soils, water etc. In addition decision makers are helped to make the necessary and right decisions in the management of toxic waste.
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10

Khansivarova, Nadezda M., Yuri N. Kostyuk, and Vladislav V. Kharchuk. "Microbiological and Geochemical Problems of Urban Areas with Abundant Dispersed Rocks." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 4579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8358.

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Aim. The study of microbiological and geochemical processes occurring in the soil strata, composed of dispersed rocks, when they are in contact with the liquid wastes of industrial production in the city of Rostov-On-Don. The most important problems connected with chemical industrial pollution of the geological environment of urban territories situabed in the regions of dispersed rocks deposit evolution are discussed. Methods. Dispersed rocks of the European part of the south of Russia are investigated by the method of laboratory modeling. Results. Olt is shown that technogenic chemical elements entering geological environment with liquid industrial wastes not only worsen ecological state of the environment maintaining existence, but the are a factor of structure formation of dispersed rocks; they also can be a source of feeding for microorganisms, and hence, make more active microbiogeochemical reactions in dispersion ground strata. The number ahd composition of microflora of dispersion rocks are experimentally studied. The assessment of the possible effect of microbiological processes occurring in dispersed rocks on their engineer and geological properties is given. Findings. Chemical pollution of masses that are composed of dispersed rocks, on urban ecosystems and its intensity are the result of waste water infiltration and chemical activity of dispersion rocks. It leads to the development of engineer and geochemical processes disturbing physical–chemical and biogeochemical equilibrium in dispersed thickness and homeostasis of natural-technical system on the whole, that can worsen conditions of man vital activity as well. The assessment of the presumable influence of microbiological processes occurring in areas with dispersed rocks on the engineering-geological properties of the composing rocks has been given in the paper. These problems are urgent for all urbanized territories formed by the massives of dispersed rocks.
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11

Suliman Mostafa, Younis. "Litho chemical Prospecting for Gold Mineralization In Duweishat Mine Area-Northern Sudan." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 3, no. 1 (November 6, 2008): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v3i1.81.

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The studied locality lies in North state of arid to semi-arid climate, where physical-mechanical weathering and denudation processes dominate. The lithostratgraphic sequence in geochronological order (from bottom to top) as high-grade gneisses, low-grade metasedments, serpentinized altrabasic (ophiolite complex) rocks, and younger granitoidal intrusions. Results which were obtained for Au and accompanying elements (Ag, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were subjected to statistical analysis to reveral parameters such as (background value (Cb), coefficient of correlation, coefficient of variation, geochemical factors, productivities, and coefficient of dispersion). Sampling of residual soil was found to be effective in prospecting to reveal anomalous contents of chemical elements in the study area. Statistical methods interpretation of data proved to be effective and complement each other. The coefficients of correlation of Au with the accompanying elements in chip composite samples show values more reliable values for prospecting than those of the soil samples. Gold dispersion in the study area shows erratic behavior. The other mobile elements are dispersed around the mineralized quartz veins. The morphology of secondary dispersion halos of ore elements reflects more or less the morphology of the hidden ore bodies Coefficients of correlation when they are reliable can be used to define pathfinder to prospect for difficult gold. Geochemical factor can indicate horizon of mineralization and level of weathering.
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12

Huston, D. L. "Geochemical dispersion about the Western Tharsis Cu–Au deposit, Mt Lyell, Tasmania." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 72, no. 1 (January 2001): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(00)00161-8.

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13

Nuchanong, Tawsaporn, Owen P. Lavin, and Ian Nichol. "Geochemical dispersion of gold related to copper-gold mineralization in northeastern Thailand." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 40, no. 1-3 (August 1991): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90031-o.

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14

González-Álvarez, I., W. Salama, P. Hilliard, T. Ibrahimi, M. LeGras, and O. Rondon-Gonzalez. "Landscape evolution and geochemical dispersion of the DeGrussa Cu-Au deposit, Western Australia." Ore Geology Reviews 105 (February 2019): 487–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.12.008.

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15

Gilliss, M. L., T. A. Al, D. W. Blowes, G. E. M. Hall, and B. MacLean. "Geochemical dispersion in groundwater from a weathered Cu–Zn deposit in glaciated terrain." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 4, no. 4 (November 2004): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/04-206.

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16

Anand, R. R., J. E. Wildman, Z. S. Varga, and C. Phang. "Regolith evolution and geochemical dispersion in transported and residual regolith – Bronzewing gold deposit." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 1, no. 3 (August 2001): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem.1.3.265.

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17

Card, Jeffrey W., and Keith Bell. "The relationship of soil 210Po and 210Pb geochemical dispersion patterns to uranium mineralization." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 23, no. 2 (March 1985): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90021-4.

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18

Alekseenko, Vladimir, Natalya Shvydkaya, Jaum Bech, Alexander Puzanov, and Aleksey Nastavkin. "Trace element accumulation by soils and plants in the North Caucasian geochemical province." Journal of Mining Institute 247 (March 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.1.15.

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Long-term studies of the North Caucasian geochemical province allowed to establish regional abundances and calculate accumulation (dispersion) factors for chemical elements in rocks, soils, and plants. Certain natural regional patterns characterize the province. Associations of elements in high and low concentrations are often determined by the predominant composition of rocks: carbonate-terrigenous, terrigenous, and igneous. The study of the average contents of several chemical elements in the soils of the province showed that the association of accumulated elements includes metals with different migration characteristics. Thus, despite the rather close values of the ionic radii, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Li (judging by the ionic potential) are characterized by the formation of cations, while Mn, Mo, and Zr form complex ions. Such elements as Zn, Cu, and Pb are mainly accumulated on hydrosulfuric barriers, while Mo, Co, and Mn are stopped by oxygenous barriers. For Cu, Zn, Mo, and Co, biogenic accumulation plays a significant role, while for Pb and Ni it is practically absent. The absolute dispersion of the elements did not reach environmentally hazardous values, although it indicates a fairly intensive migration. In woody plants, Ba, Nb, Sc, Sr, and Zn are accumulated most intensively.
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19

Yun, Sung-Wook, Dong-Hyeon Kang, Won-Hyun Ji, Mun-Ho Jung, and Chan Yu. "Distinct Dispersion of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in Farmland Soils near Abandoned Mine Tailings: Field Observation Results in South Korea." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (August 8, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9671871.

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We investigated the characteristics of metal(loid) transport and dispersion in agricultural soils near an abandoned metal mine. Topsoil samples were collected from 162 sampling sites in the study area, including 1 in the mine tailing dumps, to analyze the total concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Zn. Subsequently, the metal(loid) transport and dispersion characteristics were investigated using geographic information system (GIS) technology. The results of this study clearly demonstrated the variation in the dispersal of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn from the mine tailing dumps to nearby agricultural soils and the element-specific spatial variability in their respective transport and dispersion characteristics. These findings suggested that compared with the migration behavior of Cd, Pb, and Zn, that of As has a farther-reaching impact on agricultural soils owing to its geochemical cycling in the soil and groundwater environment. This impact differed significantly in magnitude from that of the other investigated metals. Therefore, special consideration must be given to the migration behavior of As.
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20

Scott, K. M., and R. W. Howard. "Hydrothermal alteration and geochemical dispersion in the regolith at Panglo, Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 1, no. 4 (November 2001): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem.1.4.313.

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21

Mimba, Mumbfu Ernestine. "Geochemical Dispersion of Gold in Stream Sediments in the Paleoproterozoic Nyong Series, Southern Cameroon." Science Research 2, no. 6 (2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20140206.12.

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22

González-Álvarez, Ignacio, Carmen Krapf, Ryan Noble, David Fox, Nathan Reid, Clive Foss, Tania Ibrahimi, et al. "Geochemical dispersion processes in deep cover and neotectonics in Coompana, Nullarbor Plain, South Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22020586.2019.12072980.

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23

Sarala, Pertti, and Vesa Nykänen. "Spatial analysis and modelling of glaciogenic geochemical dispersion – Implication for mineral exploration in Finland." Journal of African Earth Sciences 128 (April 2017): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.12.002.

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24

Eilu, Pasi, Edward J. Mikucki, and Allison L. Dugdale. "Alteration zoning and primary geochemical dispersion at the Bronzewing lode-gold deposit, Western Australia." Mineralium Deposita 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050283.

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25

Raco, B., E. Dotsika, D. Psomiadis, M. Doveri, M. Lelli, N. Zisi, K. Papakonstantinou, and A. Lazaridis. "GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AQUIFER POLLUTION FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT. THE CASE OF KOMOTINI LANDFILL (GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 4 (January 25, 2017): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11375.

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According to European legislation, environmental control and monitoring of landfills has become of crucial importance. This study includes a thorough geochemical approach aiming to evaluate the environmental impact of the landfill of Komotini, N. Greece. Samples of waters were taken from inside the working landfill as well as from the area of the neighbouring old landfill. The waters were analyzed chemically (major elements and heavy metals) and isotopically (D and 18O). Also, biogas flow was measured and the ratio CH4/CO2. Based on the geomorphological, hydrogeological and land use data of the area, we proceeded to analyses of waters both from the area of the landfill and from the wider region (drainage basin). The obtained results were used to construct digital maps (GIS) in order to determine the special dispersion of the polluted aquifers. The biogas flow in the old and new garbage burial sites was measured by accumulation chamber device for methane and carbon dioxide ratio determination. The obtained results show an important agent of pollution in the water samples downstream from the landfill and in a distance more than 2km, along the dispersion of the leachate. The land use of the area was taken into account to evaluate the importance and the criticality of the situation.
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26

Adamu, L. M., N. G. Obaje, A. A. Sidi, A. K. Aweda, and H. M. Liman. "Geochemical Evidence for the Origin of the Daranna Manganese Deposit, Kebbi State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 29, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v29i2.4.

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Inorganic and organic geochemical and geostatistical studies of manganese ore deposits exposed at Daranna, near Kaoje have been carried out with the aim of characterizing and delineating the origin of the manganese ore deposits. Data were obtained from field observations and chemical analyses of 12 ore samples. Major and trace elements and organic geochemical analyses were conducted with Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer and Rock-Eval pyrolysis method at Geo-data GmbH Garbsen, Germany. Results of the Major and trace elements, total organic carbon content abundances and the correlation among them imply that Daranna mineralizations are mainly of hydrothermal origin with little contribution from contemporaneous volcanic materials and this is confirmed by high Fe/Mn (8.274 to 24.066 wt%) and low Co/Zn ratios and trace element patterns. The significant geochemical characteristics such as high Mn content (22.660 to 62.330 wt%; average 45.919 wt%), low concentration of Fe (2.590 to 3.310 wt%; average 3.008 wt%) reveal a primary distal hydrothermal source for mineralization. The position of samples on Ni–Zn–Co and (Co/Zn)–(Co + Ni + Cu) diagrams and evaluation of these data reveals that hydrothermal activity was the main process with sedimentary influence responsible for mineralization in the Daranna manganese deposit.
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27

Britt, Allison F., Raymond E. Smith, and David J. Gray. "Element mobilities and the Australian regolith - a mineral exploration perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 1 (2001): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00054.

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Much of the Australian regolith ranges from Palaeogene to Late Cretaceous in age or even older, contrasting with the relatively young landscapes of the Northern Hemisphere. Hence, many imported geochemical exploration methods are unsuitable for Australian environments; this has led to successful homegrown innovation. Exploration geochemistry seeks to track geochemical anomalies arising from concealed ore deposits to their source. Much is known about element associations for different types of ore deposits and about observed patterns of dispersion. Element mobility in a range of Western Australian environments is discussed, drawing on field examples from the Mt Percy and Boddington gold mines and the Yandal greenstone belt, with reference to the effect of modern and past weathering regimes and the influence of groundwater on element mobility. Soil biota and vegetation affect Au mobility in the regolith, but specific processes, scale and environmental factors are unknown. Possible future synergies between biogeochemical or environmental research and regolith exploration geochemistry include determining the fundamental biogeochemical processes involved in the formation of geochemical anomalies as well as environmental concerns such as regolith aspects of land degradation. Exploration geochemists must study the work of biogeochemical and environmental researchers, and vice versa. There should also be collaborative research with regolith scientists and industry.
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28

Eilu, Pasi, and Edward J. Mikucki. "Alteration and primary geochemical dispersion associated with the Bulletin lode-gold deposit, Wiluna, Western Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 63, no. 2 (September 1998): 73–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(98)00016-8.

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29

Tonui, Eric, Roger Jones, and Keith Scott. "Regolith mineralogy and geochemical dispersion at the Northparkes Cu–Au deposits, New South Wales, Australia." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 2, no. 4 (November 2002): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-011.

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30

Akpanika, O. I., E. E. Ukpong, and M. A. Olade. "Mineralogy and geochemical dispersion in tropical residual soils overlying a talc deposit in southwestern Nigeria." Chemical Geology 63, no. 1-2 (July 1987): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90078-7.

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31

Scott, K. M., G. Rabone, and M. A. Chaffee. "Weathering and its effect upon geochemical dispersion at the polymetallic Wagga Tank deposit, N.S.W., Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 40, no. 1-3 (August 1991): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90050-5.

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32

Zhou, Jian, Xueqiu Wang, Lanshi Nie, Jennifer M. McKinley, Hanliang Liu, Bimin Zhang, and Zhixuan Han. "Geochemical background and dispersion pattern of the world's largest REE deposit of Bayan Obo, China." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 215 (August 2020): 106545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106545.

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33

Myagkaya, I. N., E. B. Lazareva, M. A. Gustaitis, I. S. Kirichenko, and B. Yu Saryg-ool. "Mercury in Soils and Air in Areas with Anthropogenic Dispersion Halos and High Natural Geochemical Background." Ecology and Industry of Russia 26, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-2-44-50.

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A monitoring study of Hg distribution in soils and air (pedogenic and atmospheric) in residential settlements and surrounding areas with high natural geochemical Hg background and/or affected by man-caused impacts due to mining activities has been performed. Sites of the AltaiSayan mercury province have been studied: part of the Kurai mercury zone (Aktash settlement, Kurai campo, Chazan-Uzun settlement, Altai Republic) and part of the Ursk ore field (Ursk settlement and Ursk tailing dump, Kemerovo region). The third site is located in Kuznetsk Alatau (part of the Saralinsky gold ore cluster, settlement of Priiskovy and its tailing dump, the settlement of Ordzhonikidzevsky, Republic of Khakassia). Hg background concentrations in air and soils have been detected.
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34

Belogolova, G. A., P. V. Koval, and V. D. Pampura. "Rapid geochemical assessment of agricultural-industrial pollution from stream sediment dispersion flows, South Siberia (Irkutsk Region)." Science of The Total Environment 162, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04319-v.

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35

Brand, N. W., and C. R. M. Butt. "Weathering, element distribution and geochemical dispersion at Mt Keith, Western Australia: implication for nickel sulphide exploration." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 1, no. 4 (November 2001): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem.1.4.391.

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36

Dyer, Richard D., and Peter J. Barnett. "Multimedia exploration strategies for PGEs: insights from the Surficial Geochemistry Case Studies Project, Lake Nipigon Region Geoscience Initiative, northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1169–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-031.

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The Surficial Geochemistry Case Studies Project in the Lake Nipigon region involved detailed Quaternary mapping and multimedia geochemical sampling within five case study areas. Two of these areas, Lac des Iles and Tib Lake, contain known platinum group element (PGE) mineralization. The other three case study areas feature drainage catchments with lakes that contain anomalous levels of PGEs in bottom sediment. Surficial media sampled included till, soils, stream sediment, lake sediment, peat, surface water, and groundwater. Over Archean terrain, such as at Lac des Iles and Tib Lake, there is excellent geochemical contrast between the PGE prospective rock type (mafic to ultramafic intrusive) and the surrounding rock type (e.g., granitoid rocks). This geochemical contrast is mirrored in the geochemistry of most surficial media sampled during this project. Over the Nipigon Embayment, the geochemical contrast between mafic and ultramafic rocks (e.g., “Seagull”-type intrusions) and the surrounding diabase sill rocks is inherently weaker due to the relatively high background levels for copper, palladium, and gold in the Nipigon diabase sills. However, the results of stream-water geochemistry over the Seagull and Disraeli ultramafic intrusions highlight their unique geochemical footprint on the surficial landscape, in particular with respect to Cr, Mg, and Ni, compared with the surrounding Nipigon diabase. In addition, lake sediments underlain by the Seagull, Disraeli, and Hele intrusions have distinctly elevated Cr concentrations and Gd/Yb ratios compared with the surrounding areas underlain by Nipigon diabase sills or Sibley Group rocks. Therefore, exploration value can be maximized over the Nipigon Embayment by exploiting these geochemical contrasts in surficial media to discriminate between ultramafic rocks and the surrounding Nipigon diabase sills. The results of this study highlight the importance of chromium concentrations in surficial media as a diagnostic feature for the presence of ultramafic rocks, regardless of their age or location. In general, a cost-effective exploration strategy for PGE mineralization includes targeting the associated metals (Cr, Ni) within drift deposits (C-horizon till) and drainage media (stream sediment, lake sediment) to vector to prospective mafic–ultramafic intrusive rocks, prior to detailed (property scale) follow-up, involving the determination of base metals and PGEs within soil, till, stream sediment, and peat samples. Relative to the metals copper, nickel, and chromium (ppm levels), the PGEs have significantly lower initial concentrations (ppb levels), are less mobile in the surficial environment, have significantly shorter glacial dispersion trains, and are less reliably determined at the laboratory.
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37

Burns, K. A., and S. Codi. "NON-VOLATILE HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY STUDIES AROUND A PRODUCTION PLATFORM ON AUSTRALIA'S NORTH WEST SHELF." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97038.

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In September 1994 and 1995, scientists from the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) and the Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) conducted surveys aboard the Research Vessel Lady Basten to determine the dispersion, fates and effects of Produced Formation Water (PFW) discharged from the Harriet A production platform near the Montebello Islands, on the North West Shelf of Australia. This report describes the non-volatile hydrocarbon chemistry studies.We measured the dispersion of the PFW into dissolved and particulate fractions of seawater using moored high volume water samplers, surface screen samplers and moored and drifting sediment traps. We studied bioaccumulation using transplanted oysters, and we measured dispersion into sediment with benthic grabs. Samples were analysed for total non-volatile hydrocarbons and individual hydrocarbon components using ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy (UVF), gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), and GC with mass selective detection (GC/MS). The hydrocarbon concentrations were used to calculate vertical fluxes and the total concentrations of hydrocarbons in the various ecosystem compartments. A mass balance model was then used to calculate the rates of other important dispersion and degradation processes.We estimate the potential zone of biological impact in the water column extends to a distance of approximately 0.5 nmile (900 m). Concentrations of oil in sediments were too low to indicate potential toxicity. By the collaborative application of oceanographic and geochemical techniques to marine environmental problems, we endeavour to provide effective feedback to the oil industry to gauge the effectiveness of their operational strategies in minimising impact in these pristine regions.
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38

Bussey, Steven D., Paul M. Taufen, Bart J. Suchomel, and Malcolm Ward. "Soil and stream sediment geochemical dispersion over the Bell Springs deposit, Hog Ranch Mine, Washoe County, Nevada." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 47, no. 1-3 (April 1993): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(93)90067-v.

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39

Barago, Nicolò, Elena Pavoni, Federico Floreani, Matteo Crosera, Gianpiero Adami, Davide Lenaz, Francesca Larese Filon, and Stefano Covelli. "Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) as a Tool for Environmental Characterisation and Management of Mining Wastes: Benefits and Limits." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 12189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312189.

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Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) is one of the main geochemical techniques employed in multi-elemental analysis screening for contaminated sites management. As the confidence of pXRF analyses are matrix-specific, efforts are made to provide studies of pXRF quality on different geochemical datasets, focusing on less investigated elements such as mercury (Hg) and antimony (Sb), to help both new and experienced users. The analysis of environmental solid samples from two decommissioned mining sites in NE Italy, characterised by Pb-Zn and (Hg-rich) Cu-Sb ore deposits, were prepared with two different protocols and compared with traditional destructive analyses. Sample composition was found strictly dependent to the occurrence of false positives and overestimation at low concentrations. In contrast, milling the sample did not produce major variations in the overall quality. Lead (Pb), Sb, and Zn reached the definitive data quality in at least one of the two datasets. Consequently, as far as a thorough QA/QC protocol is followed, pXRF can rapidly produce chemical data that is as accurate as that produced by destructive standard laboratory techniques, thus allowing to identify potential sources of contamination that could be reprocessed for the extraction of valuable elements and mitigating the dispersion of contaminants and ecological or health risks.
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Chua, Lloyd H. C., Edmond Y. M. Lo, Teik Thye Lim, Alexander P. Robertson, Eng Ban Shuy, and Soon Keat Tan. "Geochemical changes during recharge with tertiary-treated wastewater at a coastal sandfill." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.450.

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Results of experiments investigating geochemical changes during artificial recharge of treated wastewater at a coastal sandfill, reclaimed with sand dredged from the seabed, are reported in this paper. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted using secondary effluent (SE) and SE treated with an additional ultrafiltration process (UF), and wastewater treated by reverse osmosis (RO) process, mixed with surface sand obtained from the sandfill. Experiments with RO showed a net increase of 0.41 meq/L, 0.12 meq/L and 0.31 meq/L for Ca2 + , Mg2 + and HCO3−, respectively. UF and SE also exhibited net increase in Ca2 + , Mg2 + and HCO3− indicating carbonate mineral dissolution. All three waters were found to be over-saturated with respect to calcite. Carbonate dissolution reactions were observed in the field experiments. However, the presence of imported clays from the borrow source gave rise to ion exchange reactions where Na+ attached to the clay particles were exchanged for Ca2 + and Mg2 + inducing mineral dissolution, driven by sub-saturation conditions. This resulted in an increase in pH with maximum values in excess of 9.0. It was also found that the sodium adsorption ratio remained high (>10) even after the groundwater had been diluted sufficiently to freshwater levels (ionic strength, I<0.015) indicating a potential for the dispersion of clay particles. This could have a deleterious consequence on porosity and hydraulic conductivity.
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Moreira, Ricardo Cosme Arraes, Geraldo Resende Boaventura, Sandra Alves Nunes, Luciano de Almeida Pinheiro, Carlos Tadeu Carvalho do Nascimento, Davi Rodrigues da Silva, and Christiane de Pinna Lira. "Geochemical and Geophysical Study in a Degraded Area Used for Disposal of Sludge from a Water Treatment Plant." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/489182.

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The effects of disposal of sludge from water treatment plant (WTS) in area damaged by laterite extraction and its consequences to soil and groundwater were investigated. Therefore, the presence and concentration of anthropogenic elements and chemical compounds were determinated. WTS disposal's influence was characterized by electroresistivity method. The WTS's geochemical dispersion was noticed in the first meters of the nonsaturated zone from the lending area. Lateritic profiles were characterized due to the large variation in chemical composition between the horizons. Infiltration and percolation of rainwater through the WTS have caused migration of total dissolved solids to the groundwater. WTS's disposing area has more similarities to local preserved vegetation than to gravel bed area. WTS can be considered a noninert residue if disposed in degraded areas located in regions with similar geological and hydrochemical characteristics.
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42

Gavryliv, Liubomyr, Vitalii Ponomar, Marko Bermanec, and Marián Putiš. "The Taxonomy of Mineral Occurrence Rarity and Endemicity." Canadian Mineralogist 60, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 731–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2200010.

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ABSTRACT Nearly a half of known IMA-approved minerals (as of November 2021) are reported from four localities or fewer and so may be considered rare mineral species. These minerals form a continuum with more common species (e.g., rock-forming minerals), all of which constitute important constituents of Earth and contributors to its dynamics. To better understand the taxonomy of mineral rarity, evaluations have been made on the basis of k-means clustering and kernel density estimation of one-dimensional data on mineral occurrence metrics. Results from second- and third-degree polynomial regression analyses indicate the presence of a divergence between the observed number of endemic minerals discovered since 2000 and those that are likely to represent “true” endemic species. The symmetry index, calculated using the approach of Urusov for each rarity cluster, reveals a gradual decrease from ubiquitous to endemic from 0.64 to 0.47. A network analysis of element co-occurrences within each rarity cluster suggests the existence of at least three different communities having similar geochemical affinities; the latter may reflect the relative abundance of minerals their elements tend to form. The analysis of element co-occurrence matrices within each group indicates that crustal abundance is not the only factor controlling the total number of minerals each element tends to form. Other significant factors include: (1) the geochemical affinity to the principal element in the group (i.e., sulfur for chalcophile and oxygen for lithophile elements) and (2) dispersion of the principal element through geochemical processes. There is a positive correlation between the lithophile element group's abundance in the Earth's crust and the number of common minerals they tend to form, but a negative correlation with the number of rare species.
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43

Lindagato, Philemon, Yongjun Li, Gaoxue Yang, Fenghao Duan, and Zuopeng Wang. "Application of geostatistical analyst methods in discovering concealed gold and pathfinder elements as geochemical anomalies related to ore mineralisation." Geologos 24, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2018-0010.

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Abstract The study area in the West Junggar Basin is known to be rich in hydrothermal gold deposits and occurrences, even though there has been minimum exploration in the area. It is here hypothesised that this area could host more gold deposits if mineral exploration methods were to be reinforced. This research is aimed at identifying geochemical anomalies of Au, and determining possible factors and conditions which facilitate the formation of anomalies by referring to As and Hg as gold pathfinders. Geostatistical analyst techniques have been applied to 9,852 stream sediments and bedrock data collected on a total surface of 1,280 km2 of West Junggar, Xinjiang (northwest China). The kriging interpolation and quantile-quantile plot methods, combined with statistical methods, successfully identified both Au and its pathfinders’ anomalies. In the present study, median was considered as background values (10.2 ppm for As, 9.13 ppb for Hg and 2.5 ppb for Au), whereas the 95th percentile were threshold values (28.03 ppm for As, 16.71 ppb for Hg and 8.2 ppb for Au) and values greater than thresholds are geochemical anomalies. Moreover, the high concentrations of these three discovered elements are caused primarily by hydrothermal ore mineralisation and are found to be controlled mainly by the Hatu and Sartohay faults of a northeast-southwesterly direction as well as their related secondary faults of variable orientation, which facilitate the easy flow of hydrothermal fluids towards the surface resulting in the formation of geochemical anomalies. Most of anomalies concentration of Au are found near the mining sites, which indicates that the formation of new Au anomalies is influenced by current or previous mining sites through geological or weathering processes. In addition, the low concentration of gold and its pathfinders found far from active gold mine or faults indicates that those anomalies are formed due to primary dispersion of hosting rock.
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44

Wei, W., A. Varavei, A. Sanaei, and K. Sepehrnoori. "Geochemical Modeling of Wormhole Propagation in Carbonate Acidizing Considering Mineralogy Heterogeneity." SPE Journal 24, no. 05 (May 6, 2019): 2163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/195593-pa.

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Summary Matrix acidizing is a widely used stimulation process during which acid is injected into the formation at pressures that are less than the fracturing pressure. The purpose of matrix acidizing is to improve formation permeability or to bypass damaged zones through rock dissolution. Because of precipitation and diagenesis, carbonate rocks might contain different compositions, including calcite (CaCO3), dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2], and other minerals. When acid is injected into the formation, reactions between acid and multiple minerals of carbonate rocks occur simultaneously. In this paper, a two–scale continuum model is implemented in UTCOMP, a 3D compositional reservoir simulator, coupled with IPhreeqc, a generalized code of PHREEQC as a module. PHREEQC is an open–source program that performs a wide variety of geochemical calculations (Charlton and Parkhurst 2011). For the UTCOMP/IPhreeqc coupled model, the two–scale continuum model describes the mechanisms of convection and dispersion, whereas IPhreeqc is used for the calculation of reactions between aqueous phase and minerals. We have validated the simulation model through comparison with the analytical solution. We also compared the UTCOMP/IPhreeqc coupled model with a simple–reaction model, in which the reaction is assumed to be a first–order reaction between acid and calcite, by modifying the IPhreeqc database to obtain consistent results. On this basis, we have investigated the effects of mineral compositions on acidizing efficiency and the wormhole–propagation process. It is found that mineralogy heterogeneity is a key factor that affects acidizing efficiency and the dissolution structure. This work contributes to simulating the acidizing process with complex geochemical reactions considering the chemistry of the aqueous solution interacting with minerals. The presented model improves our understanding of carbonate–acidizing optimization.
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45

Barros, Renata, David Kaeter, Julian F. Menuge, Thomas Fegan, and John Harrop. "Rare Element Enrichment in Lithium Pegmatite Exomorphic Halos and Implications for Exploration: Evidence from the Leinster Albite-Spodumene Pegmatite Belt, Southeast Ireland." Minerals 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080981.

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Pegmatitic deposits of critical metals (e.g., Li, Ta, Be) are becoming increasingly significant, with growing interest in understanding metal enrichment processes and potential vectors to aid the discovery of new resources. In southeast Ireland, the Leinster pegmatite belt comprises several largely concealed Li-Cs-Ta albite-spodumene-type pegmatites. We carried out detailed mineralogical characterization and whole-rock geochemical analyses of six drill cores intersecting pegmatite bodies and their country rocks. Exomorphic halos 2–6 m thick, enriched in Li, Rb, Be, B, Cs, Sn and Ta, are identified in both mica schists and granitic rocks adjacent to spodumene pegmatites. Metasomatism in wall rocks visible to the naked eye is restricted to a few tens of centimeters, suggesting country rock permeability plays a key role in the dispersion of these fluids. We propose that halos result from the discharge of rare element-rich residual fluids exsolved near the end of pegmatite crystallization. Halo geochemistry reflects the internal evolution of the crystallizing pegmatite system, with residual fluid rich in incompatible elements accumulated by geochemical fractionation (Be, B, Cs, Sn, Ta) and by auto-metasomatic resorption of spodumene and K-feldspar (Li, Rb). The possibility of identifying rare-element enrichment trends by analysis of bedrock, stream sediments and soils brings opportunities for mineral exploration strategies in Ireland and for similar albite-spodumene pegmatites worldwide.
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46

Kryuchenko, N. O., E. Ya Zhovinsky, O. A. Zhuk, P. S. Paparyga, M. V. Kuhar, K. E. Dmytrenko, and T. A. Popenko. "Geochemistry of micro elements in brown soils with moss cover of the Carpatian biosphere reserve." Geochemistry and ore formation, no. 43 (2022): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gof.2022.43.107.

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The microelement composition (Pb, V, Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu) of the mountain-podzolic brown earth soils of the Chornohir and Marmarо reserve massifs of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve was determined: background, under wet and dry moss (Sphagnum palustre L.). The increased content of trace elements (Cu, V, Zn, Mn) in the upper soil layer of the Chornohir massif was determined, which is explained by the presence of a clay component, and the lower content in the Marmaros massif — the presence of carbonates. Ranked series were constructed by the dispersion coefficient of microelements in soils covered with wet and dry moss Sphagnum palustre L. It was established that the soil under dry moss is practically not depleted of microelements, but in the presence of rains it becomes wet again and the sorption process resumes. It was found that the soils under the wet moss of the Chornohir massif are most depleted in Mn, Cu, and Zn; and the Marmaros massif — Mn, Pb, and V. The geochemical behavior of the studied microelements in soils under wet moss was analyzed. It was concluded that wet moss has a selective ion exchange, is a geochemical barrier, and that is why lithochemical search and monitoring works should be carried out in the areas covered with wet moss, taking into account the established features.
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47

Dinelli, E., N. Morandi, and F. Tateo. "Fine-grained weathering products in waste disposal from two sulphide mines in the northern Apennines, Italy." Clay Minerals 33, no. 3 (September 1998): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985598545723.

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AbstractFrom mineralogical and chemical characterization of two waste-rock piles from Vigonzano and Libiola sulphide mines in the northern Apennines, two types of fine-grained weathering products were recognized, One, from the Vigonzano mine, has a typical blue colour and consists of the Cu-Al sulphate of the woodwardite group. Its formation is related to an alkaline geochemical barrier, it is rather stable in acidic solution, and it controls Cu and Zn dispersion in the surrounding environment. The other group of sediments has a typical ochreous colour. Vigonzano samples consist mostly of goethite, whereas ferrihydrite is abundant in the Libiola sample. The ochreous sediments are enriched in Co, As, Mo, Se and Mn, thus significantly reducing the potential environmental hazard of the site, whereas solubility tests indicated possible problems due to AI dissolution at Libiola.
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48

Henne, Anicia, Nathan Reid, Robert L. Thorne, Samuel C. Spinks, Tenten Pinchand, and Alistair White. "Multi-Media Geochemical Exploration in the Critical Zone: A Case Study over the Prairie and Wolf Zn–Pb Deposits, Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia." Minerals 11, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111174.

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In this study, we compared traditional lithochemical sample media (soil) with hydrochemical (groundwater), biogeochemical (plant matter of mulga and spinifex), and other near-surface sample media (ferro-manganese crust), in a case study applied to mineral exploration in weathered terrain, through the critical zone at the fault-hosted Prairie and Wolf Zn–Pb (Ag) deposits in Western Australia. We used multi-element geochemistry analyses to spatially identify geochemical anomalies in samples over known mineralization, and investigated metal dispersion processes. In all near-surface sample media, high concentrations of the metals of interest (Zn, Pb, Ag) coincided with samples proximal to the mineralization at depth. However, the lateral dispersion of these elements differed from regional (several km; groundwater) to local (several 100′s of meters; solid sample media) scales. Zinc in spinifex leaves over the Prairie and Wolf deposits exceeded the total concentrations in all other sample media, while the metal concentrations in mulga phyllodes were not as pronounced, except for Ag, which exceeded the concentrations in all other sample media. These observations indicate potential preferential metal-specific uptake by different media. Pathfinder elements in vegetation and groundwater samples also indicated the Prairie Downs fault zone at the regional (groundwater) and local (vegetation) scale, and are, therefore, potentially useful tools to trace fault systems that host structurally controlled, hydrothermal Zn–Pb mineralization.
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Freire Ávila, P., J. M. Santos Oliveira, E. Ferreira da Silva, and E. Cardoso Fonseca. "Geochemical signatures and mechanisms of trace elements dispersion in the area of the Vale das Gatas mine (Northern Portugal)." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 85, no. 1 (January 2005): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2004.09.001.

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50

Kříbek, Bohdan, Vladimír Majer, Ilja Knésl, Josef Keder, Benjamin Mapani, Frederick Kamona, Martin Mihaljevič, et al. "Contamination of soil and grass in the Tsumeb smelter area, Namibia: Modeling of contaminants dispersion and ground geochemical verification." Applied Geochemistry 64 (January 2016): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.07.006.

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