Journal articles: 'Geo-electrical method'

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Meligonitis, R., D. Galanopoulos, T. Hasiotis, and A. Velegrakis. "GEO-ELECTRICAL MAPPING OF BEACHROCK IN VATERA BEACH, LESVOS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.14298.

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Beachrock (Br) is encountered on the coastal zones, playing an important but also complex role in their morphodynamic evolution. Although Br has been widely studied, two important issues require further investigation. The first concerns the importance of the interaction of the dynamically changing coastal environment with the temporal changing surficial and underground hydrogeological balance. The second has to do with the spatial distribution and the evolution of Br with respect to the specific “host” coastal zone geo environment. This paper designates the electrical resistivity method as a tool that contribute in arguing in the abovementioned issues. The research comprised subsurface measurements with the DC resistivity method along two profiles located on Vatera beach (Lesvos Island), where there is a significant Br outcrops. Twelve geoelectric soundings were carried out using the Axial Pole-Dipole electrode array. The electrical resistively measurements permitted an indirect estimation of TDS, which depicts the coastal interface of fresh water - sea water. The interpreted geoelectric model shows two thin formations attributed to Br. The first is the inland extension of the Br outcrop and the second it is believed to be a primary stage of Br build up.

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Reza, AHM Selim, Quamrul Hasan Mazumder, and Mushfique Ahmed. "Geo-electrical Resistivity Survey in the High Barind for the Delineation of Aquifer Geometry." Rajshahi University Journal of Science 39 (October 9, 2013): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v39i0.16540.

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Geo-electrical resistivity techniques have been employed in the High Barind as a reconnaissance investigation for the subsurface lithology. Out of 13 upazillas, comprising the Barind tract, Sapahar and Porsha Upazillas, situated in the High Barind are badly affected by water shortage. Vertical electrical soundings (VES) were executed using Schlumberger configuration in different areas taking the current electrode separation up to 170 meters. Direct method technique was employed to evaluate the geo-electric layer such as resistivity and thickness of the discrete layers. The results of the resistivity survey give the subsurface information consisting of three to four layers. The results of geo-electric sounding have been compared with the geological section wherever available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v39i0.16540 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 39, 27-37 (2011)

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Sumintadireja, Prihadi. "Application of Geo-electrical Method in Preliminary Study for Earth Electrode Site Selection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1031, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1031/1/012017.

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Abstract Electrical power transmission is usually done as high voltage transmission for efficiency. For that purpose, effective grounding is necessary especially at the location of the power transmission control center. To obtain a good connection to the ground, very conductive or low resistivity soil should be present up to an appropriate depth at the earth electrode site. In this paper we present the results of the geoelectrical survey performed in a candidate site in the southern part of South Sumatra province, Indonesia. The objective of this preliminary study is to delineate the most appropriate location for the grounding electrodes. Data acquisition for 2D resistivity tomography was done along several lines crossing the survey area. Low resistivity layer of 10 Ohm.m or less up to 50 m depth was found at the north-western sector of the area.

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Sheglov, D. V., E. B. Gorokhov, V. A. Volodin, K. N. Astankova, and A. V. Latyshev. "A novel tip-induced local electrical decomposition method for thin GeO films nanostructuring." Nanotechnology 19, no. 24 (May 9, 2008): 245302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/24/245302.

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L, Lantu, D. A. Suriamihardja, A. M. Imran, and Tri Harianto. "Identification of Hydrothermal Aquifer Zone using Geo-Electrical Method in Kaloling Sinjai District." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 5, no. 02 (December 20, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v5i02.284.

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Geothermal energy is one of the natural resources which emerged on the subsurface ofthe earth can be in a gaseous form (the vapor heat) or in the form of hydrothermal. The geothermal Panggo that located at watersheds of Kalamisu river, was one of the three sources of hydrothermal system existing in district Sinjai East. The existence of the geothermal system in this area will much give many advantagest if managed optimally. This research aims to map the spread of the hydrothermal aquifer zone at the subsurface and it potentials in Panggo village base on electrical properties. Methods used in this research were geo-electrical using Wenner and Schlumberger configurations.At all these research area, it is found the presence of zones which has low resistivity (< 20 Ωm), and it is interpreted as the spread of hydrothermal zones. The hydrothermal system appears at subsurface allegedly caused by the geological fault of Kalamisu across this region.

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Venderickx, K., and D. Van Gemert. "Anwendung einer geo-elektrischen Untersuchungsmethode für Mauerwerk im Rahmen eines Instandsetzungsvorhabens / Geo-Electrical Survey of Masonry for Restoration Projects." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2000-5462.

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Abstract Geo-electrical relative difference mapping is presented as a non-destructive evaluation technique for ancient masonry. The method allows to visualise the internal structure and condition of the masonry. The decision on the necessity and on the type and degree of consolidation or strengthening of the masonry wall can be based on the information, obtained from the mapping. The paper deals with the arrangement of the original measurements to make them suitable for engineering evaluation. Firstly a numerical model is presented to filter out the influence of geometrical boundary conditions: they distort the measurements, but are of no interest for the evaluation. Secondly the maps are calibrated, to eliminate the influence of measuring configuration, and moisture content. The calibration methods are presented, and applied on the resistivity measurements, executed at the restoration project of the building "Duke's Mills" (13th Century) at Aarschot (B).

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Adekoya, S. A., H. T. Oladunjoye, J. O. Coker, and O. A. Adenuga. "Identification of lithological units using geo-electrical method, Olabisi Onabanjo University Campus, Southwestern Nigeria." Scientia Africana 20, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v20i1.15.

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The study presented the results obtained from estimation of the depth to the bsement bedrock (overburden thickness) in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye using two configurations of electrical resistivity methods. The study was aimed to delineate the stratigraphy and thicknesses of the subsurface layer present in the study area for comprehensive study of the lithostratigraphic information of the area. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2-D Horizontal Electrical Profiling (HEP) techniques were used to obtain 1-D and 2-D subsurface resistivity images of the study area. The VES data were plotted manually on the Bi-log graph. The curve obtained was partially curve – matched to obtain the layer resistivities and thicknesses for further iteration. The 2-D resistivity imaging data were analyzed and processed to obtain the inverted (true) resistivity image. From the results, five (5) VES type curves weredelineated. These includes H, HA, QH and KH type. The geoelectric sections and 2-D resistivity images showed three to four geoelectric layers. These layers are topsoil/laterite, weathered basement, partly weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement. The study showed that materials with resistivity values that ranged between 10 and 298 Ωm and 152 and 589 Ωm representing clayey weathered layer and partly weathered/fractured basement were delineated beneath some sounding points. The clayey and weathered layer are indicative of soil formations that are inimical to foundation of civil engineering structure. Likewise, they can serve as reservoir for groundwater potential (if the porosity and permeability are high). Due to this, detailed lithostratigraphic evaluation through petrophysical analysis is encouraged for the purpose of mapping and correlation of the rock units before embarking on any engineering construction in the study area. The study concludes in providing assistance to subsequent research on the stratigraphic related studies in the area. Keywords: Geo-electric , Stratigraphy, Lithology, Layer,

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Dey, Sudip, Chandrani Debbarma, Prasamita Sarkar, and Sushmita Paul. "Geo-electrical mapping and groundwater potential zoning in some selected pockets of Baromura hill of Tripura (India)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i2.121.

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Baromura hill of Tripura is characterised by complex geology and very rugged landform. Water scarcity is a very general problem for the remote hilly villages of this area. Thus groundwater is considered as one of the most valuable natural resources in hilly villages of Baromura hill. The present study aims to prepare small area survey based geo-electrical mapping for understanding groundwater condition in some selected pockets of the study area. For that purpose one hill slope and one trough shaped low land (locally known as lunga) was selected. Soil resistivity meter was used for electrical survey. A circle plot was prepared for geo-electrical survey on the basis of which geo-electrical maps were drawn. In the studied hill slope morphology four sectors of ground water conditions were observed according to their electrical resistivity character namely shallowest zone, medium zone, deep zone and very deep zone. The trough shaped low land (lunga) is characterised by comparatively shallower condition of groundwater and it was divided into five classes namely near surface water, very shallow zone, shallow zone, medium shallow zone and medium zone. Though the depth of the water bearing strata cannot be detected by this method it is very suitable for understanding the groundwater potential zones in remote places like present study area.

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Su, Benyu, Rongfu Rao, Zhixiong Li, Lei Song, and Jianhua Yue. "Detecting Permafrost in Plateau and Mountainous Areas by Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Sensing." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081229.

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Transportation has become a key bottleneck which restricts economic development in Western China. However, during the construction of the western railway, the permafrost problem has plagued railway construction on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and has not yet been resolved. Accurately identifying permafrost by geophysical method is the most effective means to solve this problem. However, the mountainous and plateau terrain in Western China impose huge challenges in collecting geophysical data. To address this issue, this paper proposes an airborne transient electromagnetic method to collect geophysical electromagnetic data to identify permafrost in the mountains and plateaus of Western China. Based on Maxwell’s equations, the forward model of the airborne electromagnetic was derived, and the finite element method was used to calculate the two-dimensional (2D) space electromagnetic responses of different permafrost geo-electrical models. Furthermore, a coupling function was constructed to estimate the distribution of the resistivity of the permafrost by the least-squares fitting algorithm. Comparison between inversion resistivity distribution and the geo-electrical model showed that the proposed airborne transient electromagnetic method was valid for exploring the permafrost in the mountains and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in Western China.

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Abdullahi, N. "Geo-electrical Method Applied to Evaluation of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Protective Capacity of Overburden Units." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 4, no. 14 (January 10, 2014): 2024–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2014/8175.

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Hussain, Yawar, Sadia Fida Ullah, Muhammad Babar Hussain, Hernan Martinez-Carvajal, and Abdul Qayyum Aslam. "Protective Capacity Assessment of Vadose Zone Material by Geo-Electrical Method: A Case Study of Pakistan." International Journal of Geosciences 07, no. 05 (2016): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2016.75055.

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Yang, Hai Ning. "A New Approach to Quality Detecting and Measuring of Earth-Fill Dam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.421.

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Based on some at present advanced geophysical methods, a non-destructive detection method mainly depending on ground penetrating radar(GPR) has been established by combining with Rayleigh wave method and natural electrical field method. The quality of earth-fill dam not only can be evaluated and analyzed quickly, but also multi-method, multi-parameter, multi-information can be undertaken quantitative analysis through considering geo-technical test and geophysical information. After this method has been successfully applied to Xixia earth-fill dam detection, it is indicated that modern geophysical methods is effective to detect the diseases and faults in dam quality and this method is worthy of popularizing and application in the future.

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Shein, Alexandr N., and Yaroslav K. Kamnev. "GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS AT THE CALM R53 SITE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 3 (May 21, 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-2-3-69-74.

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The paper presents geophysical surveys at the CALM R53 site, where since 2016 standard measurements with a permafrost rod, electrical resistivity tomography and ground-penetrating measurementshave been carried out. The assessment of the capabilities of geo-radar and the ET method in the landscape conditions presented at the site was carried out.

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Salem, Abdel Hameed M. "Study of Seawater Intrusion in Tajoura Area." مجلة علوم البحار والتقنيات البيئية 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/jmset.v1i2.123.

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The aim of this study is to know the extent of seawater intrusion into groundwater. The geo-electrical method was used to measure the resistivity of subsurface layers. Field measurements were conducted using a resistivity device with a Schlumberger array. Variable electrodes were spread with a maximum distance of 400 m. Readings of 18 Vertical Electrical Soundings were taken in the area of study which has several wells that were formerly studied using chemical analysis method of well samples. Electrical data were analyzed and interpreted and horizontal and vertical sections of apparent resistivity were drawn, also contour maps of iso-resistivity lines were constructed. It has been clearly shown that seawater intruded into groundwater in the study area.

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Alani, Fakunle M., Abidoye L. Kolawole, Alabi O. Olalekan, and Olatona G. Ismail. "Geo-Electrical Method of Assessment of Coefficient of Permeability and Porosity of Soil of a Poultry Farmland." Annals of West University of Timisoara - Physics 63, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/awutp-2021-0007.

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Abstract Leachate collected at the bottom of dead bird’s disposal pits may leak and migrate to pollute groundwater when soils and rocks present are porous. This study assessed the coefficient of permeability (K) and porosity (Ф) of soils and rocks in poultry farmland using 2 Dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity method and soil analysis. Geo-electrical data collection was achieved by using the dipole-dipole array. The field resistivity measurement was carried out along three traverse lines (three Profiles) of 100 m long which were oriented along with East-West directions. These measurements were taken in the order of increasing in offset distance interval of 5 m. The acquired apparent resistivity data were inverted using DIPPROWIN modeling software to perform 2D data inversion. Five soil samples from different locations at depths of 0 – 15 cm and 15 – 30 cm, on the poultry farmland, were collected, transported, and tested in the laboratory. K and Ф were determined using falling head and density methods respectively. The results obtained from the processed field resistivity data from the three profiles were presented as field data pseudo-sections, theoretical pseudo-section, and 2D resistivity structures. The 2D resistivity structure revealed three structures viz; highly conductive, slightly conductive, and resistive. The resistivity values of these structures ranged from 14.1-99.0 Ω m, 100-848 Ω m, and 1350-90330 Ω m respectively. The highly conductive structures were found in profiles 1 and 3 due to the downward migration of the contaminants from the dead bird disposal pit 1 and the feces disposal site through clayey sand soil. This occurs at the depth range of few meters from the surface to greater than 20 m. The presence of the slightly conductive structure is a result of filtration of the contaminants by the soil materials which increased the resistivity of the soil. The movement of the contaminant through the soil is an indication of the porous and permeable nature of the farmland. The resistive structure is only noticeable in profiles 1 and 2 but very prominent at the depth range of 5 m to more than 20 m and 5 m to 35 m along the profile length. The results of the analysis of the five soil samples from the poultry farmland showed a high value of 0.552 and 3.554 x 10−2cm/s of porosity (Ф) and coefficient of permeability (K) respectively. A strong correlation of R 2 = 0.9878 existed between Ф and K. With these results geo-electrical method had successfully assessed Ф and K of the soil of the poultry farmland.

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Zhou, Lixing, Jinjuan Xiang, Xiaolei Wang, and Wenwu Wang. "Investigation on the passivation, band alignment, gate charge, and mobility degradation of the Ge MOSFET with a GeO _x /Al₂O₃ gate stack by ozone oxidation." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/1/013101.

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Abstract Ge has been an alternative channel material for the performance enhancement of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology applications because of its high carrier mobility and superior compatibility with Si CMOS technology. The gate structure plays a key role on the electrical property. In this paper, the property of Ge MOSFET with Al2O3/GeO x /Ge stack by ozone oxidation is reviewed. The GeO x passivation mechanism by ozone oxidation and band alignment of Al2O3/GeO x /Ge stack is described. In addition, the charge distribution in the gate stack and remote Coulomb scattering on carrier mobility is also presented. The surface passivation is mainly attributed to the high oxidation state of Ge. The energy band alignment is well explained by the gap state theory. The charge distribution is quantitatively characterized and it is found that the gate charges make a great degradation on carrier mobility. These investigations help to provide an impressive understanding and a possible instructive method to improve the performance of Ge devices.

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Hasan Zaid, Hussein Ahmed, Mohd Hariri Arifin, John Stephen Kayode, Mohd Basril Iswadi Basori, Mohd Rozi Umor, and Suraya Hilmi Hazim. "Application of 2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging, and Induced Polarization Methods for Delineating Gold Mineralisation at Felda Chiku 3, Kelantan, Malaysia." Sains Malaysiana 52, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-25.

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A geophysical survey has been carried out to assess the distribution of gold minerals at the Felda Chiku 3, Gua Musang district, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. A 2-D geo-electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), combined with Induced Polarization (IP) method, and Oasis Montaj modelling were applied to delineate the potential conductive zones associated with sulphide mineralization. Most Peninsular Malaysia’s gold deposits occur in hydrothermal sulphides as discrete ore formations within the host rocks. A good correlation between the ERI and the IP profiles was observed during the interpretation of the model that successfully identifying the low resistive, and high chargeable sulphide zones, which correspond to the gold mineralization zones. The correlations could be linked to the conductive features at depth ranging from about 25 m - 135 m, trending along N-S directions. The study suggests further geo-electrical investigation to be carried out towards the south-western part of the area as more potential mineralized zones with N-S trends could be found in this region. Further studies would be able to give the extent of the gold deposits in Kelantan and by extension, allow for better informed mineral exploration and drilling operations to mine the gold in the region.

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Ashari, Bugar, Darsono D, and Darmanto D. "Pattern Spread of Aquifer using Sounding Resistivity Method with Schlumberger Configuration in Dayu Gondangrejo Karanganyar." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 4, no. 01 (May 11, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v4i01.1172.

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The research on ground water survey by using geo-electric method Schlumberger was conducted at Dayu Village, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. Geo-electric is one of the geo-physics method which learned about electrical current in or on the earth surface. The equipment used includes resistivitymeter, GPS (Global Position System), roll meter, hammer, electrodes, and cables. The purpose of this research is to determine the spread pattern of the aquifer, groundwater potential, the thickness and depth of the aquifer at Dayu Village. The thickness of the shallow aquifer in the area of Dayu is between 3 m to 12 m with a depth of less than 30 m, while the deep aquifer is having a depth of more than 30 m with thickness between 68.5 m up to more than 165.7m.There is a degradation of aquifer pattern from Jambu Village (West) to Mulyorejo Village (East).Inversely, we found an increase from Tanjung Lor Village (North) to Watudakon Village(south). Shallow aquifer that potentially contain much groundwater sources located in the village of Tanjung Kidul, Mulyorejo, Jambu, Kedung Ulo and Tanjung Lor. For deep aquiferispotentially found at Pucung village and Kedung Ulo village.

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Aminu, Mu’awiya B., Changde A. Nanfa, Jubril I. Hassan, Isah Yahuza, Simon D. Christopher, and Godwin O. Aigbadon. "Application of Electrical Resistivity for Evaluation of Groundwater Occurrence Within Adankolo Campus and Environs, Lokoja North Central, Nigeria." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.1.235.

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This study addresses the problem of determining water bearing zones in Adankolo campus of Federal University Lokoja and environs. An inquiry into groundwater was done using electrical resistivity to measure the resistivity variations of the subsurface formations with depth. A vertical electrical sounding VES that is compatible to the Schlumberger configuration were allocated to the mapped areas. The research aims at finalizing investigation on groundwater occurrence using electrical resistivity method, which has the aim of providing a geological map of the study area that can carry-out electrical resistivity sounding in some selected places within the study area to analyse the groundwater condition from geo-electrical and hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer(s) that are present within the study area.

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M. C, Ohakwere-Eze, Ahamefule C. Y, Eme U. K, and Jatto S. S. "GEO-ELECTRICAL DELINEATION FOR GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OVER GIDAN-DOYA BASEMENT AREA, CENTRAL NIGERIA." Journal of Applied Science, Information and Computing 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/jasic-2020-1-2-07.

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Groundwater development is very important in the survival of the human. This research was carried out in a newly developing area with population increase and agricultural development hence the need for this study. The objective is to carry out a geophysical investigation, delineate aquiferous zones, and groundwater potential for the study area. An electrical resistivity method for groundwater investigation using the Vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was adopted. The survey involved three profiling and seven VES points using the Schlumberger configuration to delineate the subsurface lithologies and aquiferous zones within the study area. It was observed that the study area is composed of highly weathered and fractured rocks; hence there is a tendency for groundwater migration and accumulation in the weathered fractured horizons. Two geo-electric sections and a basement map were produced. The area generally showed four to five lithology units; which include topsoil, laterite, weathered basement, fractured basement, and the fresh basement. The thickness of the overburden ranges from 0 - 12.8m and the saturated layers have resistivity values ranging from 19.7Ωm - 849.8Ωm with depths to water range of 10.5m – 61.1m respectively. VES points 2, 4, and 5 showed good potential for groundwater with aquiferous unconfined zones ranging depths of about 45.0m - 60.0m. It was also deduced that areas, where thick overburden complemented with the presence of weathering and fractures within the study area, are zones for groundwater accumulation.

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Sugiyanto, Didik, Ibnu Rusydy, Marwan Marwan, Dian Mutia Hidayati, and Asrillah Asrillah. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON AQUIFER IDENTIFICATION BASED ON GEO-ELECTRICAL DATA IN BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i3.11204.

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The aquifers exploration has been conducted at the western part of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. This research aims to explore the aquifer layer beneath the surface and to obtain the cross-section model of the aquifer. The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method was applied to investigate the aquifer layer. The VES method worked as the current penetrated into the ground using of two electrodes and the potential response due to its current being measured by another two electrodes. Ten grid points of VES has performed in western part of Krueng Aceh of Banda Aceh using the ARES (Automatic Resistivity Meter). The Res1Dinv and curve matching computer software used in VES data processing and analysis. The result shows the resistivity value of aquifer in Banda Aceh city at the range of 1 – 12 Ωm for freshwater, and 0.1 – 0.6 for brackish water layer. The first aquifer (water table) found at a depth of 0.5 to 2 meters beneath the surface. The 2-meters water table mostly located near the coastal zone or downstream zone of Krueng Aceh basin and shallow depth of 0.5 meters on the upstream. More than one aquifer layers were found beneath the surface, they were separated by aquitard layer consisting of silt to clay layers.

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Sahito, Wasayo Sanam, and Rabeea W Bazuhair. "Behavior of electrical resistivity against different soil properties." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, no. 2 (April 3, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2302.10.

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Any construction must be designed and built after the subsurface soil has been determined. The subsurface qualities of the soil are rendered by expensive, time-consuming, and risky operations, which on the other hand, raise the project's capital expenditure while also getting the engineering properties of distinct soil materials. Standard sampling techniques for boreholes are used for the assessment of the engineering properties of soil. But it is pretty costly, intrusive, and takes too much time. Therefore, a different method of determining the subsurface soil parameters is required. An alternate strategy for borehole sampling is to use geo-electrical techniques, such as electrical resistivity (ER). This research aims to ascertain the relationship between the electrical resistivity of various soils and their engineering characteristics. Without using the borehole sample method, appropriate correlations will aid in determining the subsurface soil parameters. Good correlations are obtained for the relationship of electrical resistivity against friction angle, cohesion and moisture content with an R2 value of 0.79, 0.41 and 0.66, respectively. The correlation of resistivity with unit weight showed a weak relationship due to typical soil behavior.

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Sucipta, Bella Septian Lestari, Risdiana Setiawan, and Sutrisno. "Identification of Sandstone Layer beneath the Demonstration Disposal Site at Nuclear Serpong Area Using Resistivity Geo-electrical Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1198, no. 7 (April 2019): 072001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1198/7/072001.

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Olubusola, Ilugbo Stephen, Ajayi Christopher Ayodele, Madukwe Henry Yemagu, Adebo Babatunde A, Talabi Abel Ojo, Oyedele Akintunde Akinola, OJO Olufemi Felix, Ajisafe Yemisi Christianah, and Talabi Joseph Ifeoluwa. "GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION FOR POST-FOUNDATION ASSESSMENT WITHIN EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY, ADO EKITI, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA." Malaysian Journal of Geosciences 6, no. 2 (2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2022.88.96.

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This study has evaluated the post-construction subsoil integrity of a distressed building in Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria, to decipher the in-situ lithology and structural disposition. Four traverses of 100 m length were established in approximately E-W direction with an inter-station spacing of 10 m. Two Geophysical methods were deployed including the ground magnetic method using Proton Precession Magnetometer and Electrical Resistivity method utilizing 2D Electrical Imaging and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques. Twelve (20) VES station points were acquired within the investigated area using Schlumberger configuration which gave relevant information on layer stratification and geoelectric parameters. The obtained results from the VES showed four geo-electric layers comprises topsoil, clayey layer, weathered layer, fractured bedrock, and fresh basement. Low apparent resistivity was delineated from the 2D imaging exhibiting unfit materials at distance between 50 to 75 m and 80 to 100m. The magnetic results showed a series of bedrock ridges and depressions. The integration of results revealed that the majority of the study areas are unsuitable except for central parts which indicate appreciable competence and stability.

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Jia, Zhuo, and Jian Min Zhang. "The Application of High-Density Resistivity Method to the Evaluation on the Stability of Gongchangling Open Pit's Slope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.327.

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High-density resistivity method is a new, efficient electrical prospecting method, which can complete a two-dimensional (vertical and horizontal) prospecting process, possesses certain imaging functions for the geo-electric structure, and integrates electric profiling method with electric sounding method together. In this paper, the basic principle, data processing, and result explanation and inference of high-density resistivity method are introduced by taking the application of high-density resistivity method to the prospecting project in the slope of Gongchangling Open Pit, Liaoyang. The result of the prospecting result map analysis showed that the prospecting result was basically in line with the actual situation and proved the great significance of high-density resistivity method to the evaluation on the slope stability of Gongchangling open pit.

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Yaoning, Liu, Liu Shucai, Li Maofei, Liu Xinming, and Guo Weihong. "A Study on Transient Electromagnetic Interpretation Method Based on the Seismic Wave Impedance Inversion Model." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0047.

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Abstract A comprehensive transient electromagnetic interpretation method based on seismic wave impedance inversion has been proposed according to the advantages of seismic and transient electromagnetic exploration methods to mitigate of hidden water inrush disasters in coalmines. Combined seismic wave impedance inversion results and resistivity logging data, the method was used to establish a geo-electric model. The stratigraphic horizon and the stratigraphic electrical characteristics were determined by the wave impedance inversion data and the resistivity logging data respectively. Furthermore, the structure and water-bearing property in the stratum were estimated by the analysis of the difference between the measured transient electromagnetic data and the calculated data from the forward model. The numerical calculation of the fault-containing model shows that the comprehensive interpretation method could determine the water-bearing capability of the fault as well as it tendency. An advantage of this new method is the effective avoidance of the influence of low-impedance overburden on the data interpretation. The practical application can accurately explain the location and the water-bearing property of the disaster-causing factors of the hidden water inrush in the coalmines.

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Antarissubhi, Lawalenna Samang, Tri Harianto, and Indrabayu. "Study of Soil Layer Stratigraphy Based on Georesistivity and Geological Techniques." Materials Science Forum 998 (June 2020): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.998.335.

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The purpose of study was to determine the structure of the studied soil layer based on measurement of geo-resistivity with the Wenner configuration and geotechnical drilling method. Geotechnical drilling was one way of soil/rock investigations to determine the parameters soil layers. Based on the objective, field tests and laboratory tests were carried out to support scientific investigations. The results of measurements in the field using geo-resistivity were performed to a depth of 23 meters, resulted in 2 types of soil sediment layers namely clay and sand. At a depth of approx. 8 meters, the groundwater level was found and through laboratory tests, the results of geotechnical drilling gave 2 types of soil classification to a depth of 15 meters, i.e CH and ML. In general, the results of the geo-electrical and drilling tests represented the soil real conditions in developing the stratigraphy of the subsurface layer of the soil. It showed that in the first layer, the sediment layer resulting from the breakdown of the initial rock or sediment layer which had undergone transportation of sedimentary layers in the form of clay, silt or sand and did not experience compaction so that it has a large resistivity value. The next layer associated with regional geological maps are dominated by sand.

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Aldulaimi, Mohammed Hasan, Ibrahim Najem, Tabarak Ali Abdulhussein, M. H. Ali, Asaad Shakir Hameed, M. Altaee, and Hatira Gunerhan. "Intelligent Load Identification of Household-Smart Meters Using Multilevel Decision Tree and Data Fusion Techniques." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 12, no. 1 (2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.090102.

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The DTA-LI system's fusion data method is crucial in the monitoring of appliance loads for the purposes of improving energy efficiency and management. Common home electrical devices are identified and classified from smart meter data through the analysis of voltage and current variations, allowing for the measurement of energy usage in residential buildings. A load identification system based on a decision tree algorithm may infer information about the residents of a building based on their energy usage habits. Better power savings rates, load shedding management, and overall electrical system performance are the results of the clusters' ability to capture families' purchasing patterns and geo-Demographic segmentation. The DTA-LI system's fusion data method presents a promising avenue for improving residential buildings' energy performance and lowering their carbon footprint, especially in light of the widespread use of smart meters in recent years.

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Olatunji, Saminu, Ahmed Muyiwa Emiola, and Adewale Warith Adebisi. "AQUIFER VULNERABILITY EVALUATION IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA FROM AHP-GODT MODEL USING GEO-ELECTRICAL DERIVED PARAMETERS." Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika 22, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v22i1.764.

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The study aimed to determine the exposure levels of the subsurface aquiferous layers, owing to the alarming rate of contamination of the groundwater within 8.150 0N - 8.156 0N and 4.244 0E - 4.248 0E. Thus, aquifers' overlying layers, resistivity, and thickness anomalies were determined to generate an aquifer vulnerability map. A multi-criteria decision method of estimated Groundwater confinement, Overlying strata, Depth to Aquifer, and Topography index approach was implemented. Schlumberger's Vertical Electrical Sounding technique was implemented to acquire 30 Vertical Electrical Sounding points under a maximum half-current electrode separation (AB/2) of 65 m. IP2Win geophysical software packages were used to analyze the varying layer resistivity, depth, thickness, and also the sounding curves of the study area. The 2D model revealed a maximum of four geo-electric layers. The layers' resistivity and thickness ranges are clayey silt topsoil (52.5-1104 Ωm; 0.5-9.59 m), weathered layer (10.3-804 Ωm; 0.6-12.1 m), fractured basement (5.5-50832 Ωm; 6.7-18.1 m) and fresh basement (8.3-27348 Ωm; infinity m). On the Groundwater Overlying Strata Depth to Aquifer and Topography model scale, the area is generally characterized by the moderate vulnerability. Implying here is that aquifers have a moderate protective capacity in which the overlying strata above the aquifer are mostly impermeable layers (clay and silt) of high thickness and low porosity.

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Onyekwelu, C. C., C. N. Onwubuariri, T. I. Mgbeojedo, L. S. Al-Naimi, B. I. Ijeh, and C. C. Agoha. "Geo-electrical investigation of the groundwater potential of Ogidi and environs, Anambra State, South-eastern Nigeria." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 3 (March 2021): 1053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01119-z.

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AbstractThe electrical resistivity method was used to determine the groundwater potential of Ogidi and its environs. Thirteen soundings were carried out at thirteen different locations using the ABEM terrameter (SAS 1000), and adopting the Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode spacing of 1000 m. The lithologic logs for the boreholes were used to delineate the geologic sections. The results revealed six to nine geo-electric layers comprising laterite, clayey sandstone, sandstone, water-saturated sandstone and shale. The water-saturated sandstone forms the aquiferous unit. This unit was found to have resistivity values ranging from 363Ωm to 9107Ωm. It is deeply seated in some areas with a depth of 33.2–103 m. It was observed that the hydraulic conductivity varies between 0.001 and 0.066 m/day, while the transmissivity values vary between 0.01 and 4.7 m2/day. Among all the VES points studied, it was observed that VES 1 has the highest transmissivity value and the highest aquifer thickness. In view of the foregoing, it is expected that water will flow more from aquifer in VES 1 since groundwater flow from an aquifer is directly proportional to transmissivity.

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Osele, Chika, Ajana Onwuemesi, Emmanuel Anakwuba, and Augustine Chinwuko. "Application of vertical electrical sounding (VES) for groundwater exploration in Onitsha and environs, Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 4, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v4i1.5594.

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Surface geo-electrical survey using vertical electrical sounding (VES) method has been carried out in Onitsha and environs in southwestern part of Anambra state in order to determine the aquifer characteristics and groundwater potential of the area. Eleven vertical electrical soundings were carried out within the area of study using schlumberger array configuration. The interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) data revealed three to five geoelectric units with depth to the aquiferous layers ranging from 21 to 78m and resistivity of the saturated layers varying between 20 and 5600 ohm-m. Aquifer characteristics such as transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity calculated from interpretated VES result ranged from 2.55m2/day to 29.01m2/day and 0.03m/day to 1.37m/day respectively. This result shows that the water saturated sandstone units of the study area is hydrological good and capable of producing optimum groundwater yield. Furthermore, borehole could be drilled at depth between 40 and 110m in the area for sustainable water supply and hydrochemical study carried out to determine the water quality for domestics and municipal purposes.

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Bo, Wang, Zhang Xiayang, Liu Shengdong, Lu Tuo, and Chen Mulan. "Composite Advanced Detection for Coal Seam Thickness in Coal Roadway." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101508010153.

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The thickness change of coal seam can be resulted from several reasons, like primary sedimentary environment and later tectonic deformation. The thickness change ahead of driving face may have an impact on the efficiency and safety of the mining progress, thus the advanced prediction of seam thickness is important. However, it is hard to predict the seam thickness with a single advanced detection method. This paper combines three methods, e.g., MSP, MRP, and MTEM to perform a joint detection, and makes data fusion through wavelet analysis, which makes use of the elastic wave field and geo-electrical field characteristics. A field test indicates that the prediction of seam thickness by means of integrated advanced detection is approximately accurate with an error less than 5%.

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Wang, Xiao Xue, Ping Dong Wang, Lang Shi, and Jian Lin Rao. "Interference on Geoelectrical Resistivity Observation from DC Power Transmission Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1137.

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The interference on the geo-electrical resistivity observation from DC power lines is a key issue puzzling seismic monitoring. According to the working principle of geoelectrical resistivity observation instrument,the reason of interference on geoelectrical resistivity observation is analyzed.The calculation formulas of potential in soil, which is represented as horizontal two-layer electrical model, are derived by equivalent complex image method which responding to the ground electrodes of DC power line with various models: one vertical ground electrode, horizontal double-ring ground electrode and four vertical ground electrodes.In this way, the values of interference on geoelectrical resistivity observation from DC power lines under various situations are calculated and researched.The results show that the value of interference could be reduced 50% for horizontal double-ring ground electrode, and four vertical ground electrodes could be reduced 75%.

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Idris, Syafrizal, Muhammad Syukri, Muhammad Syukri Surbakti, Marwan ., Muchlis ., Ibnu Rusydy, and Nurul Aflah. "ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE AT GEOTHERMAL AREA OF IE JUE USING RESISTIVITY METHOD." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 1 (February 3, 2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i1.9676.

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It has been conducted a geo-electrical resistivity survey at geothermal area of Ie Jue, Aceh Besar. The survey aims to measure resistivity value in the area. It is expected that the values of resistivity will image the subsurface structure in the area. In addition geological features in the area are shown after we process it. The data acquisition in this study was acquired using a SuperSting R8/IP resistivitymeter and its data processing using EarthImager 2D software to get the image of resistivity pseudosection. The two lines of measurement crossed the surface geothermal manifestation. Each line has 330 m in length, and 56 electrodes with electrode space of 6 m. The result of resistivity pseudosection model interpreted based on geological condition and observation in the area. Resistivity pseudosection model shows the study is water-saturated (<64.0 Ωm) to a depth of ±65 m and a highly conductive zone (0.6-3.5 Ωm) with a thickness of 30-50 m. This conductive layers below the embodied surface at a distance of 158-160 m on the IJ-Y1 line and at a range of 130-185 m on the IJ-Y2 line. This conductive zone is indicated as a weak zone where geothermal fluids are transported to the surface.Keywords: Geothermal, Ie Jue, geo-electrical resistivity survey, resistivityREFERENCES Bennet, J.D., Bridge, D.McC., Cameron, N.., Djunuddin, A., Ghazali, S.A., Jeffrey, D.H., Kartawa, W., Rock, M.N.S., Thomson, S.J., Whandoyo, R., 1981. PetaGeologiLembar Banda Aceh, Sumatera, Puslitbang Geologi. Bandung.Syukri, M., Saad, R., Nordiana, M., & Azwin, I. 2014. Preliminary Study of Sumatera Fault Using 2-D Resistivity Imaging Method. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19.Knödel, K., Lange, G., & Voigt, H.J., 2007. Environmental geology: Handbook of field methods and case studies: Springer Science & Business Media.Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., Sheriff, R. E. 1990. Applied Geophysics Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, USAMarwan, M., Rusydy, I., Nugraha, G.S. and Asrillah, A., 2014. Study of Seulawah Agam’s Geothermal Source Using Gravity Method. Jurnal Natural, 14(2)Asrillah, A., Marwan, M., Rusydy, I. and Nugraha, G.S., 2014. Application of Magnetics Method to Mapping the Geothermal Source at Seulawah Agam Area. Jurnal Natural, 14(2).Ismail, N.,Ramadhan, S., 2013. Karakterisasi Struktur Dangkal pada Lapangan Panas Bumi Seulawah Agam Menggunakan Metode Very Low Frequency (VLF). Prosiding Semirata FMIPA Universitas Lampung. Lampung, Indonesia.

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Liu, Weiqiang, and Liangyong Yang. "A New Method for Geophysical Induced Polarization Inversion Based on Stochastic Medium Model and Sample-Compressed Artificial Neural Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2025, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2025/1/012010.

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Abstract Induced polarization (IP) is a near-surface geophysical exploration method. Inverting the electrical properties of the underground medium from surface apparent IP parameters is a highly nonlinear problem. To further improve the accuracy, the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm is applied to the two-dimensional (2D) IP data inversion for the first time. We firstly produced smooth geo-electric models based on the stochastic medium theory, and obtained the corresponding theoretical responses through forward modelling. Then, we compressed the responses and models through image compression technology. Finally, the above compressed responses and models were used as input and output samples to train an optimal network system for inversion. We tested the algorithm with synthetic examples. The results show that ANN can improve the longitudinal resolution of the inversion results and make the inversion results more focused.

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Agbasi, Okechukwu Ebuka, Nadia Ahmed Aziz, Zaidoon Taha Abdulrazzaq, and Sunday Edet Etuk. "Integrated Geophysical Data and GIS Technique to Forecast the Potential Groundwater Locations in Part of South Eastern Nigeria." Iraqi Journal of Science 60, no. 5 (May 26, 2019): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.5.11.

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The objective of this research is to select the most suitable drilling location of new groundwater exploration wells, with a decision-making tool from Geographic Information System (GIS). The optimum location will be evaluated base on the hydro-geoelectrical parameter derived from Vertical Electrical Sound (VES) including Longitudinal Conductance, the thickness of the aquifer, the apparent resistivity and Transmissivity. From the Geo-electrical method (VES) the finds shows that the aquifers in the study area have Apparent Resistivity ranging from 0.32 to 40.24 Î©m, Thickness between 0.21 m to 15.06 m, Longitudinal Conductance ranging from 0.006 to 10.246Î©-1 and Transmissivity ranging from 0.14 to 10.38m2/day. Hydro-geoelectrical data were integrated into GIS to precisely determine the best location for groundwater borehole. Finally, the study location was classified into three classes; not suitable, moderately suitable and highly suitability with respect to the input factors using the Fuzzy overly combing method. Itâ€™s evident that the middle part of the area in study represents the optimum location for the drilling of groundwater boreholes.

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Simpen, I. Nengah. "Estimation of the position and potential of aquifers using geo-electrical methods in the framework of drill wells in volcanic areas." International journal of physical sciences and engineering 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijpse.v6n3.13816.

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Water sources in volcanic areas are rather difficult to obtain. For this reason, a method is needed to determine the existence of a water source. One of them is the Geoelectric method. In this study, the obtained resistivity physical quantities are used to determine the position and calculate the aquifer potential. In this study, three groups of rocks were found, namely, the rock group with resistivity values of 174 Ω.m – 400 Ω.m, this group is thought to have no water, not suitable for drilling. The rock group by resistivity 115 Ω.m - 174 Ω.m, this group is suspected of having water but little, not suitable for drilling. Rock group by the resistivity of 115 Ω.m below, namely at position 115-155 this area is the position of the aquifer, suitable for drilling, in this area, it is suspected that there is an aquifer with an average depth monitored by the tool 16.5 - 42.5 m or a thickness of 26 m. The transmissivity value obtained was 15.47 (m2/day).

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Padmini, P., S. Senthamilperarasu, B. Shanmuganathan, N. R. R. Anbusagar, and P. Sengottuvel. "An Investigation of the Influences of EDM Parameters and Tool Geometries on Radial Overcut for Monel 400 Material with Tungsten Copper Electrode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.908.

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Electrical-discharge Machining (EDM) is a nonconventional machining process utilizing an electric spark discharge from the electrode (-) towards the work piece (+) through the dielectric fluid. The Dimensional accuracy in this is very important consideration for the accuracy of the finished product. The objective of this experimental study is to determine parameters that offer the best dimensional accuracy in electrical discharge machining (EDM). Discharge current (A), Pulse On Time (Ton), Pulse Off Time (Toff ) and Circle,Rectangle,Triangle and Square Tool Geometrical Shapes (Geo) are taken as machining parameters. The experimental investigations are carried out on Monel 400 material using Tungsten copper electrode. The response of ROC is considered for improving the machining efficiency. Optimal combination of parameters was obtained Taguchi Optimization technique. The confirmation experiments results shows that the significant improvement in Radial Overcut was obtained. ANOVA have been used to analyze the contribution of individual parameters on ROC. The experimental result demonstrates that the Taguchi method satisfies the practical requirements

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MAKINDE, V., A. O. ERUOLA, S. A. GANIYU, O. T. OLURIN, O. O. ADELEKE, and D. O. AIKHUELE. "EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL OF ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA." Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 15, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v15i1.1767.

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Evaluation of groundwater potential in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria, has been carried out in this study using Vertical Electrical Sounding method. The study area is underlain by Precambrian Basement Complex rocks of Southwestern Nigeria. These rocks are inher-ently characterized by low porosity and permeability. The interpretation of thirty (30) vertical electrical sounding (VES) conducted using the Schlumberger electrode array shows four geo-electric layers in the subsurface within the study area. The overburden thickness varies from 5.9 to 39 m across the study area. This was used to prepare the groundwater potential map which assisted in the zoning of the area into low, medium and high groundwater potential zones. The study showed that about 60% of the study area falls within the low/medium rated groundwater potential zone while the remaining 40% constituted the high groundwater potential zone. Hence, the groundwater potential rating of the area is generally low.

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Chen, Hanbo, Bin Xiong, Yang Yang, Yu Han, and Ziyu Cheng. "3D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling using an edge-based finite element method with a block Krylov iterative solver." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0366.

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Abstract An edge-based finite element method for the numerical modeling of electromagnetic fields in complex media is presented. We used the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous half space to develop a source correct factor to reduce the influence of source singularity and boundary conditions on the numerical accuracy, so that we can minimize the time required to construct the field source term in the scattered field formula. The modeling domain was discretized using an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. We transformed the complex equations of the electrical field into two real-valued equations by decomposing the field into real and imaginary components. Thereafter, we adopted a block conjugate orthogonal conjugate gradient (BL_COCR) iterative solver with an incomplete LU decomposition preconditioner, which was robust for ill-conditioned systems and efficient for multiple source electromagnetic modeling to solve the real-valued equation systems. Using the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous layer model, we evaluated the accuracy of our numerical forward solution and the results showed that the source correct factor can reduce forward modeling errors associated with boundary effects and source singularities. We also applied the developed algorithm to compute the CSEM responses for typical 3D marine geo-electric models with different number of sources and compared with different iterative solvers, and the results showed that the BL_COCR solver has high computational efficiency when solving multiple right-hand term problems.

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Budi Waspodo, Roh Santoso. "Groundwater Exploration to Discover the Aquifer Location and Distribution using Geo-electrical Method (Resistivity) at Kertasari and Meraran Village, Taliwang Sub-district, Sumbawa Besar District." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.06.3.255-262.

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Gizzi, F. T., V. Lapenna, N. Masini, and E. Rizzo. "Historical damage pattern and causes of differential damage: an approach based on combining geophysical prospecting, geological and historical-technical data." Advances in Geosciences 19 (November 14, 2008): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-19-23-2008.

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Abstract. We describe a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary method to analyse the causes of differential macroseismic effects caused by an earthquake in a historical town. We illustrate the method with a case study based on analysing the damage caused by the 1930 Irpinia earthquake (Me=6.7) in Melfi, a town in southern Italy. A damage pattern map was already available for this site. To understand the anomalies of Melfi damage, we used an integrated approach that combines geological surveys, geophysical prospecting and analysis of unpublished technical-historical data. Geo-electrical prospecting was adopted to infer the geological set-up and to estimate the thickness of shallow deposits. The results of the geophysical surveys were compared with detailed geological information derived from both in situ surveys and boreholes. Finally, cross-correlation among these data and technical reports coeval to the earthquake allowed us to create a complete picture of the possible causes of uneven damage.

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Ezung, Meripeni, Temsulemba Walling, and C. Chelladura C. Chelladura. "Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding for Subsurface Characterization to Determineslope Instability at Perizie, Nagaland." Current World Environment 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.3.14.

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Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique which employs the Schlumberger depth sounding method was used to investigate the subsurface conditions at the landslide in Perizie colony, Kohima. The interpretation of the VES curves shows differing lithology consisting of weathered shales with associated clay, which is considered an important factor for slope instability. The shear strength of the slope materials, including the country rocks and the soil cover, is also significantly reduced and easily detached due to the effects of weathering and erosion, causing the landslides. Three to six possible geo-electric layers are delineated from the variations in the resistivity values, with the lithologies consisting of topsoil followed by alternate layers of weathered and fractured rocks of varying thickness. The analysis also points to the presence of a weak zone at a depth of about 10 m, which is not apparent from the surface. The formation of groundwater aquifers in the fractured zones indicates high risk for slope failure as this accelerates the weak country rocks to weather. The results obtained by this study correspond well with the available borehole data of the area.

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Carrier, A., F. Fischanger, J. Gance, G. Cocchiararo, G. Morelli, and M. Lupi. "Deep electrical resistivity tomography for the prospection of low- to medium-enthalpy geothermal resources." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 2056–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz411.

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SUMMARY The growth of the geothermal industry sector requires innovative methods to reduce exploration costs whilst minimizing uncertainty during subsurface exploration. Until now geoelectrical prospection had to trade between logistically complex cabled technologies reaching a few hundreds meters deep versus shallow-reaching prospecting methods commonly used in hydro-geophysical studies. We present a recent technology for geoelectrical prospection, and show how geoelectrical methods may allow the investigation of medium-enthalpy geothermal resources until about 1 km depth. The use of the new acquisition system, which is made of a distributed set of independent electrical potential recorders, enabled us to tackle logistics and noise data issues typical of urbanized areas. We acquired a 4.5-km-long 2-D geoelectrical survey in an industrial area to investigate the subsurface structure of a sedimentary sequence that was the target of a ∼700 m geothermal exploration well (Geo-01, Satigny) in the Greater Geneva Basin, Western Switzerland. To show the reliability of this new method we compared the acquired resistivity data against reflection seismic and gravimetric data and well logs. The processed resistivity model is consistent with the interpretation of the active-seismic data and density variations computed from the inversion of the residual Bouguer anomaly. The combination of the resistivity and gravity models suggest the presence of a low resistivity and low density body crossing Mesozoic geological units up to Palaeogene–Neogene units that can be used for medium-enthalpy geothermal exploitation. Our work points out how new geoelectrical methods may be used to identify thermal groundwater at depth. This new cost-efficient technology may become an effective and reliable exploration method for the imaging of shallow geothermal resources.

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Nagaraj, S., P. Saravana Pandian, P. Christy Nirmala Mary, R. Geetha, and A. Gurusamy. "Assessing spatial variability of soil and drawing location-specific management zones for coastal saline soils in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15, no. 1 (March 19, 2023): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4223.

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The production of crops in saline and alkali-degraded areas is difficult due to the heterogeneous and spatial variation of soil fertility. First, their spatial variability was analyzed and maps of the spatial distribution were created using Geostatistical techniques. The fuzzy k-mean clustering analysis was then used to define Management zones in the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. One hundred and fifty geo-referenced soil samples (30 cm depth) were taken and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (ECe) in the saturated paste extract (USSL method), organic carbon (OC) (Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (Rapid titration method) and available phosphorus and extractable micronutrients (Multinutrients extraction method), revealing significant variation in soil characteristics throughout the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district. The most significant factors, which together accounted for four principal components and 69% of the overall variability, were pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), calcium Carbonate and available zinc. According to Geostatistical analysis, the Exponential (pH, OC (organic carbon), P, Fe, Mn and Zn) and Stable (ECe) was the best fit semivariogram ordinary kriging model with weak to moderate spatial dependence. Fuzzy k-mean clustering was also used to identify zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3. For every soil property, there was a significant difference between MZ1(zone 1), MZ2(zone 2) and MZ3(zone 3). These results also showed that cluster analysis gave farmers a chance to use location-specific nutrient management strategies by minimizing variability within the zone. The management zones can decrease agricultural inputs and environmental pollutants while increasing crop productivity.

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Olajide, O. R., I. A. Adeyemo, and S. O. Olaogun. "Geo-spatial Classification of Vulnerability Zones using Lithological, Elevation and Geoelectric Parameters in a Typical Basement Complex Environment." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 29, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v29i1.2.

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Lithology, elevation and four (4) geoelectric parameters were utilized in assessing the groundwater vulnerability at northwestern part of Akure, southwestern Nigeria. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique of electrical resistivity method was adopted for this work. A total of 224 VES data was acquired and interpreted both qualitatively and quantitatively. Three to five geo-electric layers were delineated across the area which corresponds to four geologic layers. The resistivity of the layers varies respectively from 6.9 - 550 Ohm-m, 60 - 2500 Ohm-m, 20 - 650 Ohm-m and 220 - 7900 Ohm-m in the topsoil, weathered layer, partially weathered basement/partially fractured basement and presumed fresh basement. Likewise, the layer thicknesses also vary respectively from 0.4 - 4.0 m, 0.7 - 19.0 m and 4.0 -60 m in the topsoil, weathered layer and partially weathered basement/partially fractured basement. The results were presented as topsoil (resistivity and thickness) and weathered layer (resistivity and thickness) maps. The six parameters consisting of lithology, elevation, topsoil (resistivity and thickness) and weathered layer (resistivity and thickness) were synthesized using an additive model in order to generate the aquifer vulnerability model map. The aquifer vulnerability model map shows that the area is of very low to moderate vulnerability with 5% of the area having very low vulnerability, 30% low vulnerability and 65% moderate vulnerability. This implies that the groundwater resources in the area are moderately safe.

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Irfan, Muhammad, Salma Hamza, Muhammad Waqar Azeem, Shaista Mahmud, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, and Anwar Qadir. "Groundwater Characterization and Salinity Intrusion Studies using Electrical Resistivity Survey (ERS)-Winder, Balochistan, Pakistan." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 37, no. 1 (2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.1.4.

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The groundwater resources have always been explored for its utilization in domestic and agriculture purposes. In this study, Winder area in Balochistan which is along the coast of Offshore Indus Basin has been explored using electrical resistivity method for deeper understanding of hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical conditions. Schlumberger electrode arrays have been used to acquire vertical electrical sounding data for 23 different sites in this area. The field data were calibrated with theoretical curves during processing using software with graphical interface. The true resistivities, depths, thicknesses, aquifer attributes, soil type and groundwater quality has been extracted from the processed data. Pseudo-sections and geo-electrical lithology sections have been generated for lateral distribution of hydrogeological settings. Furthermore, Dar-zarrouk parameters calculations have been made and 3D surfaces generated at 30m and 60 m depth for transverse resistance (T), longitudinal conductance (S) and anisotropy (λ) plotted for resistivity distribution and coastal salinity intrusion analysis. The soundings results depict five layers mainly composed of silty sand, sandy clay, sand, and sandy gravel and the depth ranges from 0-110m. The interpretation illustrates that freshwater unconfined aquifer are present in the quaternary sand and sandy gravel deposits. The water table is at shallow depth along the river and deeper in northeast and away from Winder river. The resistivity ranges 29-1091 Ωm in layer-3 interpreted as saturated zone. The approximate range of water table is 19-30 m. The higher value of T greater than 10000 shows fresh water and low value 8200 for salinity intrusion in southwest toward sea.

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Cruz Júnior, Antenor Oliveira, Cosme Ferreira da Ponte-Neto, and André Wiermann. "Design and construction of an automated and programmable resistivity meter for shallow subsurface investigation." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-15-2023.

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Abstract. Geoelectrical resistivity is an excellent method to investigate the structural composition of shallow subsurfaces. However, existing commercial equipment is typically expensive and often requires proprietary accessories and software to provide full system functionality. The objective of this study was to develop a multichannel, modular, automated, and programmable geo-resistivity meter capable of user customization and programming. To this end, a conceptual prototype was built based on free software and open hardware technologies as a low-cost alternative to commercial equipment while maintaining the accuracy and quality of the data at the same level. The prototype was based on electrode multiplexing to make the switching process more efficient by reducing cabling complexity, whereas synchronous demodulation for signal detection was employed, providing strong rejection of spurious electrical noise, typical of urban areas where such equipment is frequently used. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this project and an important academic contribution to open-source instrumental research.

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Lashari, Lashari, Rini Kusumawardani, Togani Cahyadi Upomo, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Ajiwirani Mugiayulhaq. "Application of 2D spatial imaging method for identification of a fault lines and subsurface landslide at “Taman Unnes”, Semarang, Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925803005.

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In the last five years, landslide occurred many times in this area. The worst landslide was in 2014, which destroyed many houses and infrastructure such as road, water supply utilities and electricity. This study proposed an identification of landslide method by using of geo electricity as subsurface investigation of landslide. This study aims to identify the type of landslide and slip surface potential by using emergence of 2D spatial imaging. The application of geophysical has not been used as a result of landslide identification. The well-known argument state that geophysical is the only way to make images on the type and rock by using resistivity. The geological and soil physical properties required by engineers to analyse landslide potential are not well presented. As a consequence, the solution of soil reinforcement on landslide prone area to minimize the risk is presented as an engineering judgment of problem solving. Therefore, this paper discusses about soil properties and imaging to identify the area affected by future landslide. By using a multi-electrode electrical array, the 2D geophysical imaging was used to investigate the complex structure of soil stratigraphy and geological properties. The results showed that the area of the study was shown as a stable area with andesite intrusion. In addition, some areas were suspected as landslide prone area which was indicated resources by saturated clay of soil beneath.

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Mebrahtu, Gebreslassie, Solomun Atsbaha, and Berihu Abadi Berhe. "Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) investigation for road failure along Mekelle – Abi-Adi road segment, northern Ethiopia." Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 13, no. 1 (August 15, 2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v13i1.7.

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Roads constructed along the mountainous terrains of Ethiopia are susceptible to landslides mostly during rainy season. Mekelle – Abi Adi road is one of the economically important road corridors that connects many towns with Mekelle city. However, the asphalt road segment is heavily affected by quasi-translational type of landslide which hinders traffic flow of the area. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) method was applied to investigate subsurface geology of the road failure along Mekelle – Abi-Adi asphalt road, northern Ethiopia. The geo-electric section result revealed that the shallow subsurface geology of the site is characterized by four distinct geological formations, from top to bottom are: shale, shale-limestone intercalation, limestone and shale-gypsum units. The subgrade of the failed road section is shale unit which is overlain by jointed sandstone unit. The sandstone unit serves as a recharge zone to the bottom shale layer by percolating water via sub-base fill materials which in turn blocks vertical percolation and promote seepage force to the overlying soil mass. Hence, the road failure in the study area seems to be caused due to the development of pore water pressure in the shale layer which soaked water during heavy rainfall. The recommended remedial method for the road failure is re-designing of the affected route from chainage 48 km+850 m to 49 km+250 m towards the northwest of the study area and excavates the top 6 m shale unit.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Geo-electrical method'

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