Journal articles: 'Genus Canis'

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Marciszak, Adrian, Aleksandra Kropczyk, Wiktoria Gornig, Małgorzata Kot, Adam Nadachowski, and Grzegorz Lipecki. "History of Polish Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) and Their Biochronological Implications on the Eurasian Background." Genes 14, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030539.

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The remains of 12 canid species that date back ca. 4.9 myr have been found at 116 paleontological localities. Among these localities, eight are dated to the Pliocene age, 12 are dated to the Early Pleistocene age, 12 are from the Middle Pleistocene age, while the most numerous group includes 84 sites from the Late Pleistocene–Holocene age. Some, especially older forms such as Eucyon odessanus and Nyctereutes donnezani, have only been found at single sites, while the remains of species from the genus Lycaon, Canis and Vulpes have been recorded at numerous sites from the last 2 myr. Ancient canids such as Eucyon and Nyctereutes had already vanished from Poland in the Earliest Pleistocene, between 2.5 and 2.2 myr ago. Poland’s extant canid fauna is characterised by the presence of two new species, which spread into the territory due to a human introduction (Nyctereutes procyonoides) or natural expansion (Canis aureus). Research indicates a strong competition between dogs, especially between Lycaon, Canis and Cuon, with a strong lycaon-limiting effect on the wolf between 2.5 and 0.4 myr ago. After the extinction of Lycaon lycaonoides, Canis lupus evolved rapidly, increasing in number and size, and taking over the niche occupied by Lycaon. In order to reduce competition, the body size of Cuon alpinus gradually reduced, and it became an animal adapted to the forest, highland and mountain environments. Generally, the history of canids in Poland is similar to that known of Eurasia with some noteworthy events, such as the early occurrence of Canis cf. etruscus from Węże 2 (2.9–2.6 myr ago), Lycaon falconeri from Rębielice Królewskie 1A or one of the latest occurrences of L. lycaonoides from Draby 3 (430–370 kyr). Predominantly lowland or upland in the southern part and devoid of significant ecological barriers, Poland is also an important migration corridor in the East–West system. This 500–600 km wide corridor was the Asian gateway to Europe, from where species of an eastern origin penetrated the continent’s interior. In colder periods, it was in turn a region through which boreal species or those associated with the mammoth steppe retreated.

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Hmoon, Myint Myint, Lat Lat Htun, May June Thu, Hla Myet Chel, Yu Nandi Thaw, Shwe Yee Win, Nyein Chan Soe, Yadanar Khaing, Su Su Thein, and Saw Bawm. "Molecular Prevalence and Identification of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys from Dogs in Nay Pyi Taw Area, Myanmar." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (February 8, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8827206.

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Ticks are vectors of different types of viruses, protozoans, and other microorganisms, which include Gram-negative prokaryotes of the genera Rickettsiales, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Borrelia. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis and canine cyclic thrombocytopenia caused by Anaplasma platys are of veterinary importance worldwide. In Myanmar, there is limited information concerning tick-borne pathogens, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp., as well as genetic characterization of these species. We performed nested PCR for the gltA gene of the genus Ehrlichia spp. and the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Anaplasma spp. with blood samples from 400 apparently healthy dogs in Nay Pyi Taw area. These amplicon sequences were compared with other sequences from GenBank. Among the 400 blood samples from dogs, 3 (0.75%) were positive for E. canis and 1 (0.25%) was positive for A. platys. The partial sequences of the E. canis gltA and A. platys 16SrRNA genes obtained were highly similar to E. canis and A. platys isolated from different other countries.

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Nyindo, Mramba, Ibulaimu Kakoma, and Richard Hansen. "Antigenic analysis of four species of the genus Ehrlichia by use of protein immunoblot." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.08.1225.

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Summary The antigenic profile of Ehrlichia canis, E risticii, E sennetsu, and E equi was investigated by the use of protein (western) immunoblot technique. Results of analysis of serum from acutely and chronically infected animals indicated that the 4 Ehrlichia species share a unique 25- kD polypeptide in addition to other peptides. Immune sera from dogs inoculated with E canis recognized a wide range of E canis polypeptide antigens, as determined by western blot analysis. A larger number of E sennetsu polypeptides were detected when homologous antiserum and antiserum to E equi were used. The latter antiserum did not recognize antigens of E canis or E risticii. Antisera to E canis, E risticii, and E sennetsu detected E equi antigens. Data indicate that a 25-kD protein is a common antigen among the species of the genus Ehrlichia and that the ascending order of abundance of immunodominant determinants in the 4 species of Ehrlichia studied would be: E risticii → E equi → E sennetsu → E canis. Implications of these findings for diagnosis of ehrlichial infections and prophylaxis are evident.

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Panait, Luciana Cătălina, Kristýna Hrazdilová, Angela Monica Ionică, Georgiana Deak, Gabriel Bogdan Chişamera, Costică Adam, Călin Mircea Gherman, and Andrei Daniel Mihalca. "Babesia pisicii n. sp. and Babesia canis Infect European Wild Cats, Felis silvestris, in Romania." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071474.

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Haemoparasites of the genus Babesia infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Feline babesiosis is considered endemic in South Africa, while data on Babesia spp. infection in felids in Europe is scarce. Using samples from 51 wild felids, 44 Felis silvestris and 7 Lynx lynx, the study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of Babesia spp. in wild felids in Romania by analyzing the 18S rDNA and two mitochondrial markers, cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. By 18S rDNA analyses, Babesia spp. DNA was detected in 20 European wild felids. All sequences showed 100% similarity to B. canis by BLAST analysis. Conversely, Cytb and COI analyses revealed the presence of two Babesia spp., B. pisicii n. sp., which we herein describe, and B. canis. The pairwise comparison of both mitochondrial genes of B. pisicii n. sp. showed a genetic distance of at least 10.3% from the most closely related species, B. rossi. Phylogenetic analyses of Cytb and COI genes revealed that B. pisicii n. sp. is related to the so-called “large” canid-associated Babesia species forming a separate subclade in a sister position to B. rossi.

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Pagnossin, Davide, Andrew Smith, Katarina Oravcová, and William Weir. "Streptococcus canis, the underdog of the genus." Veterinary Microbiology 273 (October 2022): 109524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109524.

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Byosiere, Sarah-Elizabeth, Julia Espinosa, and Bradley P. Smith. "The function of play bows in Canis lupus and its variants: a comparison of dingo (Canis lupus dingo), dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and wolf puppies (Canis lupus)." Behaviour 155, no. 5 (2018): 369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003495.

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Abstract Play bows represent a common, highly stereotyped behaviour across the genus Canis. However, much of what we know is limited to the wolf and its domestic derivative, the domestic dog. Here we continue to look at the function of play bows among subspecies/variants of Canis lupus by including the dingo. Comparing dingoes to wolves and dogs may provide further insight into the impact of domestication on play behaviour. We analysed play bows in three-to-six month old dingo puppies and compared the results to previous studies of wolves and dogs. The function of play bows in dingoes appears consistent with those observed in dogs and wolf puppies. However, subtle intraspecific differences (such as the frequency and duration of play bows, and vocalizations during play) were apparent, and warrant further investigation in the genus Canis, as well as the Family Canidae more broadly.

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DOBROWOLSKA, ANITA, JOANNA DĘBSKA, MAGDALENA KOZŁOWSKA, and PAWEŁ STĄCZEK. "Strains Differentiation of Microsporum canis by RAPD Analysis Using (GACA)4 and (ACA)5 Primers." Polish Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 2 (2011): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2011-020.

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Molecular analysis of dermatophytes (based on PCR fingerprinting) revealed high clonal differentiation between the genus and species. Microsporum canis (zoophilic dermatophyte, belonging to genus Microsporum), responsible for most cases of tinea capitis in children, tinea corporis in adults and dermatophytoses in cats, is very unique in comparison with other dermatophytes. Results of most molecular studies show that there is no clonal differentiation within M. canis as distinct from other species. The aim of this study was application of (GACA)4 repetitive primer and (ACA)5 primer for typing of M. canis strains isolated from human and animals in Central Poland. Fungal strains: 32 clinical isolates of M. canis, originated from patients from Central Poland; 11 strains isolated from infected cats (6) and dogs (7), reference strains of M. canis (CBS 113480), T rubrum (CBS 120358), T mentagrophytes (CBS 120357) and E. floccosum (CBS 970.95). The genomic DNAs of the strains were used as a template in RAPD reaction. No differentiation was observed for the analyzed M. canis strains using (GACA)4 and (ACA)5 typing.

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Yevstafieva, V., K. Horb, V. Melnychuk, and O. Gorb. "Differential characters of fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) obtained from dogs." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, no. 1 (March 13, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022110.

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Fleas are the common name of the order Siphonaptera, obligate provisional nidiculous parasites of mammals and, to a lesser extent, birds, which can also feed on humans. Fleas can cause ctenocephalidosis of dogs and are carriers of many dangerous infectious and invasive diseases. Their ability to use humans as an alternative host determines the importance of these parasites in health care. Therefore, the aim of the work was to establish morphological and metric characters of adult male and female fleas of the species Ctenocephalides felis Bouche, 1835 and C. canis Curtis, 1826, isolated from domestic dogs for species identification. Morphological studies of fleas have shown that the differential features of C. felis and C. canis include the shape of the head and anterior-dorsal cuticular notch on the head. Notably, male fleas of both species have a more rounded forehead than female fleas. The metric parameters of adult fleas can be used as additional identification features, which will increase the efficiency of differential diagnosis of parasitic insects. We found differences in male fleas by 23 parameters, of which the value of 17 parameters were smaller in C. canis specimens. Males of C. felis were 9.1–21.1% larger in total body length, lengths of head and thorax, as well as lengths of mesothorax and metathorax. Differential features included size of the teeth of the main ctenidium and pronotal ctenidium: in C. felis males all eight teeth of the main ctenidium, located on the left side, were longer by 12.7–41.7%, and the first, seventh, eighth teeth were wider by 25.4–43.0% than in C. canis. In female fleas, differences were found for 24 metric parameters, of which the values of 20 parameters were also smaller in C. canis specimens. Females of C. felis were 12.1–22.2% larger in terms of total body length, head, breast, prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. All their teeth of the main ctenidium were longer by 5.6–40.6%, and the first, second, third, and eighth teeth were 18.1–48.9% wider than in females of C. canis. The obtained results add to the already existing data on morphometric features of adult fleas of C. felis and C. canis species, and will allow timely and accurate diagnosis of ctenocephalidosis in dogs caused by parasites of these species.

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Doyle, C. Kuyler, Xiaofeng Zhang, Vsevolod L. Popov, and Jere W. McBride. "An Immunoreactive 38-Kilodalton Protein of Ehrlichia canis Shares Structural Homology and Iron-Binding Capacity with the Ferric Ion-Binding Protein Family." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 1 (January 2005): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.1.62-69.2005.

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ABSTRACT Ehrlichiae are tick-transmitted, gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria that live and replicate in cytoplasmic vacuoles, but little is known about iron acquisition mechanisms necessary for their survival. In this study, a genus-conserved immunoreactive ferric ion-binding protein (Fbp) of Ehrlichia canis was identified and its iron-binding capability was investigated. E. canis Fbp was homologous to a family of periplasmic Fbp's involved in iron acquisition and transport in gram-negative bacteria. E. canis Fbp had a molecular mass (38 kDa) consistent with those of Fbp's in other bacteria and exhibited substantial immunoreactivity in its native conformation. The predicted three-dimensional structure of E. canis Fbp demonstrated conservation of important Fbp family structural motifs: two domains linked with a polypeptide “hinge” region. Under iron-binding conditions, the recombinant Fbp exhibited an intense red color and an absorbance spectrum indicative of iron binding, and it bound Fe(III) but not Fe(II). Fbp was observed primarily in the cytoplasm of the reticulate forms of E. canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis but was notably found on extracellular morula fibers in morulae containing dense-cored organisms. Although expression of Fbp is regulated through an operon of three functionally linked genes in other gram-negative bacteria, the absence of an intact fbp operon in Ehrlichia spp. suggests that genes involved in ehrlichial iron acquisition have been subject to reductive evolution.

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Duarte, Sabrina Castilho, Juliana Alves Parente, Maristela Pereira, Célia Maria de Almeida Soares, and Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares. "Phylogenetic characterization of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of Goiás, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 4 (December 2011): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000400004.

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The genus Babesia comprises protozoa that cause diseases known as babesiosis. Dogs are commonly affected by Babesia canis or Babesia gibsoni. Babesia canis is divided into the subspecies Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli and Babesia canis rossi. Among these, Babesia canis vogeli predominates in Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on Babesia isolates from dogs in Goiânia, Goiás. Blood samples were obtained from 890 dogs presenting clinical signs suggestive of canine babesiosis that were attended at a veterinary hospital of Goiás. Only samples presenting typical intraerythrocytic parasites were used in the study. These were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA, by means of PCR. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Sequences were obtained from 35 samples but only 17 of these were kept after quality assessment. Similarity analysis using BLASTn demonstrated that all 17 sequences corresponded to B. canis vogeli. Analysis using the Mega4 software showed that the isolates of B. canis vogeli from dogs in Goiânia present a high degree of molecular similarity (99.2 to 100%) in comparison with other reference isolates from other regions of Brazil and worldwide, deposited in GenBank.

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GONZÁLEZ, JORGE M., HUBERT THÖNY, and ROBERT WORTHY. "A review of the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller, 1980 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with records of recently collected specimens." Zootaxa 5418, no. 3 (February 29, 2024): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5418.3.3.

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A new record of the rare species Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides (Houlbert) from Ecuador is reported, along with range extensions for M. smalli (J. Y. Miller) and M. canis (Lathy). In addition, the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller is revised and the diagnostic phenotypic characteristics of males and females, as well as male genitalia, are illustrated. Details on its natural history, biogeography, and biology are included with the purpose of solving the confusion in the taxonomy of the genus. All taxa previously considered to be species are herein relegated to subspecific status, i.e. M. pyrrhopygoides canis stat. nov. and M. p. smalli stat. nov.

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Moura de Aguiar, Daniel, João Pessoa Araújo Junior, Luciano Nakazato, Emilie Bard, Lisandra Aguilar-Bultet, Fabien Vorimore, Vsevolod Leonidovich Popov, Edson Moleta Colodel, and Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz. "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic Strain of Ehrlichia minasensis." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110528.

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The genus Ehrlichia is composed of tick-borne obligate intracellular gram-negative alphaproteobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae. Ehrlichia includes important pathogens affecting canids (E. canis, E. chaffeensis, and E. ewingii), rodents (E. muris), and ruminants (E. ruminantium). Ehrlichia minasensis, an Ehrlichia closely related to E. canis, was initially reported in Canada and Brazil. This bacterium has now been reported in Pakistan, Malaysia, China, Ethiopia, South Africa, and the Mediterranean island of Corsica, suggesting that E. minasensis has a wide geographical distribution. Previously, E. minasensis was found to cause clinical ehrlichiosis in an experimentally infected calf. The type strain E. minasensis UFMG-EV was successfully isolated from Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and propagated in the tick embryonic cell line of Ixodes scapularis (IDE8). However, the isolation and propagation of E. minasensis strains from cattle has remained elusive. In this study, the E. minasensis strain Cuiabá was isolated from an eight-month-old male calf of Holstein breed that was naturally infected with the bacterium. The calf presented clinical signs and hematological parameters of bovine ehrlichiosis. The in vitro culture of the agent was established in the canine cell line DH82. Ehrlichial morulae were observed using light and electron microscopy within DH82 cells. Total DNA was extracted, and the full genome of the E. minasensis strain Cuiabá was sequenced. A core-genome-based phylogenetic tree of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. confirmed that E. minasensis is a sister taxa of E. canis. A comparison of functional categories among Ehrlichia showed that E. minasensis has significantly less genes in the ‘clustering-based subsystems’ category, which includes functionally coupled genes for which the functional attributes are not well understood. Results strongly suggest that E. minasensis is a novel pathogen infecting cattle. The epidemiology of this Ehrlichia deserves further attention because these bacteria could be an overlooked cause of tick-borne bovine ehrlichiosis, with a wide distribution.

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Mafra, Claudio, Rafael Mazioli Barcelos, Cynthia Mantovani, Juliana Carrizo, Adriano Carlos Soares, Higo Nasser Sant'Anna Moreira, Natasha Lagos Maia, et al. "Occurrence of Ehrlichia canis in free-living primates of the genus Callithrix." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 24, no. 1 (March 2015): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612015001.

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Bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia are Gram-negative and coccoid-shaped microorganisms that cause ehrlichiosis – a serious infectious disease that often leads to death. These bacteria present a strong zoonotic potential and primates may act as reservoir hosts. This study involved a molecular analysis to detect these microorganisms in blood samples collected from nineteen primates of the genus Callithrix living free in an Atlantic Forest fragment in the municipality of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. One of the 19 primates was found to be infected with Ehrlichia canis. This finding points to a new wild host of E. canis with a strong potential for transmission to humans because of its increasing contact with people. This is the first report of Ehrlichia spp. in primate of the genus Callithrix.

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Basualdo, J. A., M. L. Ciarmela, P. L. Sarmiento, and M. C. Minvielle. "Biological activity of Paecilomyces genus against Toxocara canis eggs." Parasitology Research 86, no. 10 (September 22, 2000): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00008513.

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O'Dwyer, Lucia Helena. "Brazilian canine hepatozoonosis." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 3 (September 2011): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000300002.

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The genus Hepatozoon includes hundreds of species that infect birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, in all continents with tropical and subtropical climates. Two species have been described in domestic dogs: H. canis, reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and the United States; and H. americanum, which so far has only been diagnosed in the United States. In Brazil, the only species found infecting dogs is H. canis. The objective of this review was to detail some aspects of canine hepatozoonosis, caused by H. canis, and the main points of its biology, transmission, pathogenicity, symptoms, epidemiology and diagnostic methods, with emphasis on research developed in Brazil.

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Yevstafieva, V., K. Horb, V. Melnychuk, T. Bakhur, and D. Feshchenko. "Ectoparasites Ctenocephalides (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) in the Composition of Mixed Infestations in Domestic Dogs from Poltava, Ukraine." Folia Veterinaria 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0026.

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AbstractOne of the most common ectoparasites on domestic carnivores are fleas from the genus Ctenocephalides. This group of blood sucking insects are one of the most important in medical and veterinary terms, as they can serve as carriers of dangerous infectious and may cause other invasive diseases. Research studies have established a variety of fleas and other contagions parasitizing domestic dogs in Poltava, Ukraine. Certain peculiarities of these ectoparasitic studies, as a part of mixed infestations of dogs, have recently been determined. The results of the studies have shown that the species composition of the fleas was represented by two main species. The dominant species was Ct. felis, and their prevalence was 36.05 %. Another species (Ct. canis) was diagnosed less often and had a prevalence of 27.94 %. It was found that in 31.18 % of the dogs, the blood-sucking insects were mostly parasitizing in the form of an associations with: nematoda (Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Uncinaria stenocephala), Cestoda (Dipylidium caninum), protozoa (Cystoisospora canis), and another ectoparasite (Trichodectes canis). Overall, 33 types of mixed infestations were detected. Moreover, the number of different parasitic species in each dog ranged from one to seven. Fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides (in the composition of two species of parasites) were registered the most often (14.60 %). The infestation of dogs with other forms of mixed infestations was 0.69—8.01 %. The most frequent co-members for Ct. felis were Cestoda [D. caninum (13.47 %)], for Ct. canis—Cestoda [D. caninum (11.23 %)] and Nematoda [T. vulpis (8.29 %)].

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Mwaki, Daniel M., Kevin O. Kidambasi, Johnson Kinyua, Kenneth Ogila, Collins Kigen, Dennis Getange, Jandouwe Villinger, Daniel K. Masiga, Mark Carrington, and Joel L. Bargul. "Molecular detection of novel Anaplasma sp. and zoonotic hemopathogens in livestock and their hematophagous biting keds (genus Hippobosca) from Laisamis, northern Kenya." Open Research Africa 5 (June 6, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openresafrica.13404.1.

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Background: Livestock are key sources of livelihood among pastoral communities. Livestock productivity is chiefly constrained by pests and diseases. Due to inadequate disease surveillance in northern Kenya, little is known about pathogens circulating within livestock and the role of livestock-associated biting keds (genus Hippobosca) in disease transmission. We aimed to identify the prevalence of selected hemopathogens in livestock and their associated blood-feeding keds. Methods: We randomly collected 389 blood samples from goats (245), sheep (108), and donkeys (36), as well as 235 keds from both goats and sheep (116), donkeys (11), and dogs (108) in Laisamis, Marsabit County, northern Kenya. We screened all samples for selected hemopathogens by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and sequencing of PCR products amplified using primers specific to the genera: Anaplasma, Trypanosoma, Clostridium, Ehrlichia, Brucella, Theileria, and Babesia. Results: In goats, we detected Anaplasma ovis (84.5%), a novel Anaplasma sp. (11.8%), Trypanosoma vivax (7.3%), Ehrlichia canis (66.1%), and Theileria ovis (0.8%). We also detected A. ovis (93.5%), E. canis (22.2%), and T. ovis (38.9%) in sheep. In donkeys, we detected ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ (11.1%), T. vivax (22.2%), E. canis (25%), and Theileria equi (13.9%). In addition, keds carried the following pathogens; goat/sheep keds - T. vivax (29.3%), Trypanosoma evansi (0.86%), Trypanosoma godfreyi (0.86%), and E. canis (51.7%); donkey keds - T. vivax (18.2%) and E. canis (63.6%); and dog keds - T. vivax (15.7%), T. evansi (0.9%), Trypanosoma simiae (0.9%), E. canis (76%), Clostridium perfringens (46.3%), Bartonella schoenbuchensis (76%), and Brucella abortus (5.6%). Conclusions: We found that livestock and their associated ectoparasitic biting keds carry a number of infectious hemopathogens, including the zoonotic B. abortus. Dog keds harbored the most pathogens, suggesting dogs, which closely interact with livestock and humans, as key reservoirs of diseases in Laisamis. These findings can guide policy makers in disease control.

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Nabwiyah, Ika Rofiqotun, Lilis Majidah, and Hindyah Ike Suhariati. "IDENTIFIKASI Microsporum canis PADA KUCING LIAR (Studi di Dusun Ringin Pitu Jogoroto Jombang)." Jurnal Insan Cendekia 7, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35874/jic.v7i1.557.

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Pendahuluan:Dermatofitosis merupakan penyakit zoonis yang disebabkan oleh kapang yang tergolong dalam genus dermatofita, dan pada hewan lebih dikenal dengan penyakit Ringworm. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh kapang yang dikenal dengan nama Microsporum canis. Kucing merupakan hewan karnivora dan hewan predator kecil yang termasuk dalam mamalia crepuscular yang telah dijinakkan oleh manusia.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jamur Microsporum canis pada tubuh kucing liar di Dusun Ringin Pitu. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, dengan mengunakan teknik total sampling, sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 7 kerokan kulit kucing liar, variable dalam penelitian ini adalah jamur Microsporum canis, instrument yang digunakan yaitu microskopis dan pada penelitian ini mengunakan analisa data Editing, Coding, dan Tabulating. Hasil : Penelitian pada kerokan kulit kucing di Dusun Ringin Pitu menunjukkan bahwa 5 (60%) sampel kerokan kulit positif terinfeksi jamur Microsporum canis dan 2 (40%) sampel kerokan kulit negatif. Kesimpulan:Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian kecil kucing liar di Dusun Ringin Pitu positif terinfeksi jamur Microsporum canis. Saran: Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan kebersihan lingkungan kandang kucing agar terhindar dari spora jamur maupun bakteri yang dapat menginfeksi pada tubuh kucing.

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Pawełczyk, Olga, Damian Kotela, Marek Asman, Joanna Witecka, Peter Wilhelmsson, Paulina Bubel, and Krzysztof Solarz. "The First Records of Canine Babesiosis in Dogs from Dermacentor reticulatus—Free Zone in Poland." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111329.

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Tick-borne microorganisms belong to important etiological agents of many infectious diseases affecting humans and animals. Among them, there are haemoprotozoans of the Babesia genus, which infect erythrocytes of a host and may cause many clinical symptoms. Canine babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease in Southern and Central Europe. In this study, we report two cases of symptomatic canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis in domestic dogs from the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, as well as the presence of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks detected on one of the Babesia-infected dogs (D. reticulatus-free zone). The molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Babesia canis in the dogs’ blood, and the sequencing analysis showed that the obtained sequence is 100% identical to the sequence of Babesia canis isolate 3469 (sequence ID: KX712122.1). Our findings should raise awareness of B. canis infection among dog owners and veterinarians in the region where B. canis was not previously reported in residential, non-traveling dogs, as well as ensuring that adequate diagnostic methods are available.

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Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal, Jonas Niemann, Jose A. Samaniego Castruita, Filipe G. Vieira, Christian Carøe, et al. "Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis." Current Biology 28, no. 21 (November 2018): 3441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.041.

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Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal, Jonas Niemann, Jose A. Samaniego Castruita, Filipe G. Vieira, Christian Carøe, et al. "Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis." Current Biology 29, no. 23 (December 2019): 4152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.009.

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Fox, Karen F., Alvin Fox, Madan Nagpal, Paul Steinberg, and Karen Heroux. "Identification of Brucella by Ribosomal-Spacer-Region PCR and Differentiation of Brucella canis from Other Brucella spp. Pathogenic for Humans by Carbohydrate Profiles." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 11 (1998): 3217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.11.3217-3222.1998.

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Molecular and chemical characteristics often provide complementary information in the differentiation of closely related organisms. The genus Brucella consists of a highly conserved group of organisms. Identification of the four species pathogenic in humans (Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus,Brucella suis, and Brucella canis) is problematic for many clinical laboratories that depend primarily on serology and phenotypic characteristics to differentiate species. PCR amplification of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA interspace region was evaluated for species-specific polymorphism. B. abortus,B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. canis produced identical PCR interspace profiles. However, these PCR products were unique to brucellae, allowing them to be readily distinguished from other gram-negative bacteria (includingBartonella spp. and Agrobacterium spp.). Carbohydrate profiles differentiated B. canis from the other three Brucella species due to the absence of the rare amino sugar quinovosamine in the three other species. PCR of the rRNA interspace region is useful in identification of the genusBrucella, while carbohydrate profiling is capable of differentiating B. canis from the otherBrucella species.

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Miller, Brian J., Henry J. Harlow, Tyler S. Harlow, Dean Biggins, and William J. Ripple. "Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 1 (January 2012): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-115.

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When large carnivores are extirpated from ecosystems that evolved with apex predators, these systems can change at the herbivore and plant trophic levels. Such changes across trophic levels are called cascading effects and they are very important to conservation. Studies on the effects of reintroduced wolves in Yellowstone National Park have examined the interaction pathway of wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) to ungulates to plants. This study examines the interaction effects of wolves to coyotes to rodents (reversing mesopredator release in the absence of wolves). Coyotes ( Canis latrans Say, 1823) generally avoided areas near a wolf den. However, when in the proximity of a den, they used woody habitats (pine or sage) compared with herbaceous habitats (grass or forb or sedge)– when they were away from the wolf den. Our data suggested a significant increase in rodent numbers, particularly voles (genus Microtus Schrank, 1798), during the 3-year study on plots that were within 3 km of the wolf den, but we did not detect a significant change in rodent numbers over time for more distant plots. Predation by coyotes may have depressed numbers of small mammals in areas away from the wolf den. These factors indicate a top–down effect by wolves on coyotes and subsequently on the rodents of the area. Restoration of wolves could be a powerful tool for regulating predation at lower trophic levels.

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Hijazin, Muaz, Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff, Osama Sammra, Jörg Alber, Christoph Lämmler, Peter Kämpfer, Stefanie P. Glaeser, et al. "Arcanobacterium canis sp. nov., isolated from otitis externa of a dog, and emended description of the genus Arcanobacterium Collins et al. 1983 emend. Yassin et al. 2011." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_9 (September 1, 2012): 2201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.037150-0.

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A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on an unidentified Arcanobacterium -like Gram-stain-positive bacterium isolated from otitis externa of a dog. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacterium belonged to the genus Arcanobacterium and was most closely related to the type strains of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (97.2 %), Arcanobacterium hippocoleae (96.5 %) and Arcanobacterium phocae (96.4 %). The presence of the major menaquinone MK-9(H4) supported the affiliation of this strain to the genus Arcanobacterium . The polar lipid profile contained the major lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified phospholipid (PL2). Major fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 2ω6,9c/anteiso-C18 : 0 (detected as a summed feature). C10 : 0 and C12 : 0 were present in minor amounts. The results of physiological and biochemical testing clearly distinguished the unknown bacterium from other species of the genus Arcanobacterium . Based on these tests, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium should be classified in the novel species Arcanobacterium canis sp. nov. The type strain of Arcanobacterium canis is P6775T ( = CCM 7958T = CCUG 61573T = CIP 110339T). An emended description of the genus Arcanobacterium is also provided.

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Hegarty, Barbara C., Michael G. Levy, Robin F. Gager, and Edward B. Breitschwerdt. "Immunoblot Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Ehrlichia Canis in Dogs: An International Survey." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 9, no. 1 (January 1997): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879700900106.

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Historically, considerable variation has been reported in the type and severity of clinical and hematologic abnormalities associated with canine ehrlichiosis. Because of difficulties associated with the isolation of intracellular monocytic Ehrlichia species in tissue culture systems, few E. canis isolates are available for comparative microbiologic studies. To address the issue of potential E. canis antigenic diversity in different regions of the world, dog sera reactive by indirect fluorescent antibody testing to E. canis (Florida) antigen were obtained from France, Israel, Italy, the United States, the Virgin Islands, and Zimbabwe. Ehrlichia canis proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and at least 5 sera from each region were stained by western immunoblotting. Antibody immunodominance was scored based upon staining intensity. There was relative homogeneity in the immunogenic protein reactions to E. canis antigens. Of the 58 E. canis reactive sera, 54 samples resulted in immunoblot patterns indicative of chronic ehrlichiosis. Four reactive sera (reciprocal titers of 160–2,560) did not recognize any genus-specific antigens resulting in protein bands between 22 and 29 kD, indicating serologic cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. Relatively homogenous immunoblot patterns, consistent with the reported immunoblot response of dogs with experimental chronic ehrlichiosis, were observed with sera from Arizona, France, Israel, North Carolina, Texas, and the Virgin Islands. In contrast, unique major proteins were observed in dog sera from Italy and Zimbabwe. Our results indicate that although relatively homogeneous, antigenic diversity may exist among E. canis organisms in different regions of the world.

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Vieira, Rafael Felipe da Costa, Alexander Welker Biondo, Ana Marcia Sá Guimarães, Andrea Pires dos Santos, Rodrigo Pires dos Santos, Leonardo Hermes Dutra, Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva Diniz, et al. "Ehrlichiosis in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 1 (March 2011): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000100002.

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Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by rickettsial organisms belonging to the genus Ehrlichia. In Brazil, molecular and serological studies have evaluated the occurrence of Ehrlichia species in dogs, cats, wild animals and humans. Ehrlichia canis is the main species found in dogs in Brazil, although E. ewingii infection has been recently suspected in five dogs. Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA has been detected and characterized in mash deer, whereas E. muris and E. ruminantium have not yet been identified in Brazil. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by E. canis appears to be highly endemic in several regions of Brazil, however prevalence data are not available for several regions. Ehrlichia canis DNA also has been detected and molecularly characterized in three domestic cats, and antibodies against E. canis were detected in free-ranging Neotropical felids. There is serological evidence suggesting the occurrence of human ehrlichiosis in Brazil but its etiologic agent has not yet been established. Improved molecular diagnostic resources for laboratory testing will allow better identification and characterization of ehrlichial organisms associated with human ehrlichiosis in Brazil.

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Guimarães, Andresa, Juliana Macedo Raimundo, Raisa Braul Rodrigues, Maristela Peckle Peixoto, Huarrisson Azevedo Santos, Marcos Rogério André, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, and Cristiane Divan Baldani. "Ehrlichia spp. infection in domestic cats from Rio de Janeiro State, southeast Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120180088.

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Abstract Ehrlichiosis is caused by agents belonging to Ehrlichia genus. Despite the frequent reports on the serological and molecular detection of E. canis in dogs in Brazil, there is scant data on ehrlichiosis in brazilian cats. This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. in domestic cats from Greater Rio de Janeiro, and evaluating hematological changes associated with this rickettsial infection. We searched for IgG antibodies against E. canis on blood samples of 216 cats by Indirect Fluorescence Assay (IFA). Additionally, we performed nested PCR (nPCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) assays targeting E. canis-16S rRNA and dsb gene, respectively. Fifty-seven (26.4%) cats were seropositive for Ehrlichia spp. by IFA. Ehrlichia spp.-16S rRNA gene fragments were detected in 3 cats (1.4%). Although the obtained 16S rRNA sequences showed 99 to 100% identity with E. canis, cats were negative in qPCR. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, left shift neutrophil and hyperproteinemia were observed. Anemia was statistically associated with seropositivity to E. canis and kittens showed lower positivity rates (p<0.05). This study showed that Ehrlichia spp. occur in domestic cats from Greater Rio de Janeiro. Further studies involving culture isolation are much needed to more precisely characterize these organisms.

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Грубіч, П. Ю., А. Ф. Курман, Л. В. Лепета, and Є. А. Пархоменко. "Розробка ПЛР тест-системи для видової ідентифікації збудників бабезіозу тварин." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2013.02.27.

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Розроблена система олігонуклеотидних праймерів, що дозволяє ампліфікувати в ПЛР ділянки гену 18S рРНК 6 видів роду Babesia. Наведено особливостіконструювання праймерів та випробування мультиплексної ПЛР тест-системи для ідентифікації представників роду Babesia. Визначені довжини ампліфікованих фрагментів – від 299 до 258 пар нуклеотидів для Babesia canis, Babesia divergens, Babesia caballi, Babesia major, Babesia bovis. Досліджено 342 зразки крові від різних видів тварин і встановлено 100 % збіг із результатами мікроскопічних досліджень. The system of oligonucleotide primers that allow PCR amplified in section 18S rRNA gene 6 species of the genus Babesia. The article presents the features and design of primers tested multiplexed PCR test systems for the identification of the genus Babesia. Yznacheni in amplified fragment length - From 299 to 2 5 8 pairs for Babesia canis, Babesia divergens, Babesia caballi, Babesia major, Babesia bovis. Studied 342 blood samples from different animal species and is 100% coincidence with the results of microscopic studies.

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Saleh, Mostafa A., and Mohammad I. Basuony. "Mammals of the Genus Canis Linnaeus , 1758 ( Canidae , Carnivora ) in Egypt." Egyptian Journal of Zoology 62 (December 2014): 49–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0009337.

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Sammra, O., A. Balbutskaya, S. Zhang, M. Hijazin, S. Nagib, C. Lämmler, A. Abdulmawjood, E. Prenger-Berninghoff, M. Kostrzewa, and M. Timke. "Further characteristics of Arcanobacterium canis, a novel species of genus Arcanobacterium." Veterinary Microbiology 167, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.017.

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Lord, Kathryn, Mark Feinstein, Bradley Smith, and Raymond Coppinger. "Variation in reproductive traits of members of the genus Canis with special attention to the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)." Behavioural Processes 92 (January 2013): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.10.009.

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Stanilov, Iskren, Alexander Blazhev, and Lyuba Miteva. "Anaplasma and Ehrlichia Species in Ixodidae Ticks Collected from Two Regions of Bulgaria." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030594.

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The aim of the study was to determine prevalence of Anaplasmataceae-infected ticks in the Black Sea Coast and the Pleven regions of Bulgaria. A total of 350 ticks from different tick species were collected. Two hundred fifty-five ticks were removed from dogs in the Black Sea Coast region, and 95 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected by flagging vegetation with a white flannel cloth in two areas in the region of Pleven. After the DNA isolation of the ticks, a genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify Anaplasmataceae. Second PCRs were performed with species-specific primers to identify Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum). The results showed that 26.9% of the Ixodes ricinus ticks were infected with Anaplasmataceae in the Black Sea Coast region and 36.8% in the Pleven region. The infection with E. canis was detected in 35.7% and A. phagocytophilum in 25.0% of positive ticks from the Black Sea Coast region. In the Pleven region, 22.9% of ticks were positive for E. canis, while 42.9% were positive for A. phagocytophilum. The molecular identification of E. canis in ticks collected from Bulgaria was performed for the first time. In conclusion, the present study revealed a higher prevalence of ticks infected with Anaplasmataceae, particularly A. phagocytophilum, in the Pleven region than in the Black Sea Coast region.

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JACKSON, STEPHEN M., PETER J. S. FLEMING, MARK D. B. ELDRIDGE, SANDY INGLEBY, TIM FLANNERY, REBECCA N. JOHNSON, STEVEN J. B. COOPER, et al. "The Dogma of Dingoes—Taxonomic status of the dingo: A reply to Smith et al." Zootaxa 4564, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.7.

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Adopting the name Canis dingo for the Dingo to explicitly denote a species-level taxon separate from other canids was suggested by Crowther et al. (2014) as a means to eliminate taxonomic instability and contention. However, Jackson et al. (2017), using standard taxonomic and nomenclatural approaches and principles, called instead for continued use of the nomen C. familiaris for all domestic dogs and their derivatives, including the Dingo. (This name, C. familiaris, is applied to all dogs that derive from the domesticated version of the Gray Wolf, Canis lupus, based on nomenclatural convention.) The primary reasons for this call by Jackson et al. (2017) were: (1) a lack of evidence to show that recognizing multiple species amongst the dog, including the Dingo and New Guinea Singing Dog, was necessary taxonomically, and (2) the principle of nomenclatural priority (the name familiaris Linnaeus, 1758, antedates dingo Meyer, 1793). Overwhelming current evidence from archaeology and genomics indicates that the Dingo is of recent origin in Australia and shares immediate ancestry with other domestic dogs as evidenced by patterns of genetic and morphological variation. Accordingly, for Smith et al. (2019) to recognise Canis dingo as a distinct species, the onus was on them to overturn current interpretations of available archaeological, genomic, and morphological datasets and instead show that Dingoes have a deeply divergent evolutionary history that distinguishes them from other named forms of Canis (including C. lupus and its domesticated version, C. familiaris). A recent paper by Koepfli et al. (2015) demonstrates exactly how this can be done in a compelling way within the genus Canis—by demonstrating deep evolutionary divergence between taxa, on the order of hundreds of thousands of years, using data from multiple genetic systems. Smith et al. (2019) have not done this; instead they have misrepresented the content and conclusions of Jackson et al. (2017), and contributed extraneous arguments that are not relevant to taxonomic decisions. Here we dissect Smith et al. (2019), identifying misrepresentations, to show that ecological, behavioural and morphological evidence is insufficient to recognise Dingoes as a separate species from other domestic dogs. We reiterate: the correct binomial name for the taxon derived from Gray Wolves (C. lupus) by passive and active domestication, including Dingoes and other domestic dogs, is Canis familiaris. We are strongly sympathetic to arguments about the historical, ecological, cultural, or other significance of the Dingo, but these are issues that will have to be considered outside of the more narrow scope of taxonomy and nomenclature.

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Eisenberg, Tobias, Carsten Heydel, Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff, Ahmad Fawzy, Ulrike Kling, Valerij Akimkin, Torsten Semmler, et al. "Streptobacillus canis sp. nov. isolated from a dog." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004086.

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From a phlegmon in a dog an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium was isolated in 2019 in Germany that stained Gram-negative and showed a pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming appearance. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain IHIT1603-19T was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus with sequence similarities of 98.6, 98.0, 97.9, 97.1 and 94.4 % to the type strains of Streptobacillus felis , Streptobacillus notomytis , Streptobacillus ratti , Streptobacillus moniliformis and Streptobacillus hongkongensis , respectively. Strain IHIT1603-19T could also clearly be differentiated from other Streptobacillus species by rpoB, groEL and recA gene, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses as well as by core genome phylogeny. Regarding DNA–DNA relatedness, strain IHIT1603-19T demonstrated an average nucleotide identity of 83.00 and 82.28 % compared to S. felis 131000547T and S. moniliformis DSM 12112T, respectively. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data of strain IHIT1603-19T were in congruence with other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae , represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in unequivocally discriminating strain IHIT1603-19T from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus . On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus canis sp. nov. with the type strain IHIT1603-19T (=DSM 110501T=CCUG 74118T=CIP 111795T). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 26.6 mol%, genome size is 1.60 Mbp.

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Foster, Jeffrey T., Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Talima Pearson, James S. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Patrick S. G. Chain, Francisco F. Roberto, Jonathan Hnath, Tom Brettin, and Paul Keim. "Whole-Genome-Based Phylogeny and Divergence of the Genus Brucella." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 8 (February 6, 2009): 2864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01581-08.

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ABSTRACT Brucellae are worldwide bacterial pathogens of livestock and wildlife, but phylogenetic reconstructions have been challenging due to limited genetic diversity. We assessed the taxonomic and evolutionary relationships of five Brucella species—Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, and B. ovis—using whole-genome comparisons. We developed a phylogeny using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 13 genomes and rooted the tree using the closely related soil bacterium and opportunistic human pathogen, Ochrobactrum anthropi. Whole-genome sequencing and a SNP-based approach provided the requisite level of genetic detail to resolve species in the highly conserved brucellae. Comparisons among the Brucella genomes revealed 20,154 orthologous SNPs that were shared in all genomes. Rooting with Ochrobactrum anthropi reveals that the B. ovis lineage is basal to the rest of the Brucella lineage. We found that B. suis is a highly divergent clade with extensive intraspecific genetic diversity. Furthermore, B. suis was determined to be paraphyletic in our analyses, only forming a monophyletic clade when the B. canis genome was included. Using a molecular clock with these data suggests that most Brucella species diverged from their common B. ovis ancestor in the past 86,000 to 296,000 years, which precedes the domestication of their livestock hosts. Detailed knowledge of the Brucella phylogeny will lead to an improved understanding of the ecology, evolutionary history, and host relationships for this genus and can be used for determining appropriate genotyping approaches for rapid detection and diagnostic assays for molecular epidemiological and clinical studies.

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Nakonechnyi, I. V., L. V. Perots’ka, I. V. Pyvovarova, and V. A. Chornyi. "Ecological and epizootic roles of Golden jackal, genus Canis aureus in the Northwest of Black Sea coast." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 94 (July 30, 2019): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9407.

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Penetration of jackal, typical representative of Asia Minor-Balkan group, genus Canis aureus into the territory of the Northwest Black Sea coast - has become a rather unexpected phenomenon and led to environmental, zoogeographical and epizootic issues. The last one may lead to the development of potentially dangerous epizootic processes, the assessment of the threat and possible consequences require systematic researches. The purpose of this work was to study the ecological and epizootic role of Canis aureus in the territory of the Northwest Black Sea coast. The investigations concerning epizootic status of jackal were carried out during 2014–2018 in the territory of Odesa and Mykolayiv Regions with means of laboratory control samples of the materials which were selected and taken from hunters. The results of researches have shown that there is a complete, self-regulating and rather dense population of C. aureus in this region, it does not lose the rate of intensive reproduction and has a clearly expressed western line of genus penetration. In the process of migratory settlement, jackal demonstrates clear and static dependences on humidified and hydro morphed landscapes. When the bodies of animals were observed, we could find the presence of ticks and several types of fleas that could act as a biological transmission objects in the circles of spontaneous circulation of naturally occurring zoonotic pathogens, ensuring their inter-species migration and short-term reservation. According to the results of laboratory examinations of 9 samples of jackals’ blood serum, the presence of antibodies to the causative agent of erysipelas was determined in 5 (55.5%) cases. In response to a single brucellosis antigen The specific antibodies were not found in the reaction with single brucellosis antigen. The investigations on the presence of leptospirosis were carried out with test strains of 9 serogroups. Specific anti-lepidopteran antibodies were found in all investigated serum samples. The predominance of antibodies to the Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Sejroe, Bataviae serogroups, mice field rodents are their host, indicates the trophic nature of antigenic contacts. The new species for Ukraine – jackal Cainis aureus carries a significant potential epizootic threat as a host and carrier of pathogens natural-focal zoonotic infections and invasions, the most dangerous among them is rabies.

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Mylonakis, Mathios E., and Konstantina N. Theodorou. "Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment." Acta Veterinaria 67, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acve-2017-0025.

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AbstractCanine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tick-borne disease of worldwide distribution. The major causative agent is Ehrlichia canis, a gram-negative, obligate intracellular, pleomorphic bacterium of the genus Ehrlichia, which infects monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, forming intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound bacterial aggregates, called morulae. After an incubation period of 8-20 days, the course of E. canis infection, can be sequentially divided into acute, subclinical and chronic phases, although these phases can hardly be distinguished in the clinical setting. Clinical recovery is the typical outcome of acutely infected dogs, entering the subclinical phase, during which they show no or minimal clinical signs and/or mild hematological abnormalities. Immunocompetent dogs may eliminate the infection during the acute or subclinical phases, but an unpredictable proportion of dogs will eventually develop the chronic phase, characterized by aplastic pancytopenia and high mortality, due to septicemia and/or severe bleeding. This article outlines briefly the pathogenesis of CME due to E. canis, and more thoroughly reviews the recent scientific literature pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease.

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Bulatov, V. P., T. P. Petrova, I. N. Cherezova, and T. P. Makarova. "Clinic and diagnosis of toxocariasis in children." Kazan medical journal 81, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96721.

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Toxocariasis is a zoonotic invasion with a long relapsing course (from several months to several years) and polymorphic clinical manifestations of an immunological nature. The causative agents of toxocariasis belong to the class of roundworms of the genus Toxocara. Two species of this genus are known: T. canis is a helminth of the canine family and T.cati is a helminth of the cat family. The role of T. canis in human pathology has been firmly established, and T. cati is still under discussion. These nematodes are widespread in cats and dogs. Affected animals excrete a huge number of eggs with feces, causing a high contamination of the soil. Up to 50% of samples from children's sandboxes contain invasive toxocara eggs, which are very resistant and persist in the soil for several years. Children under 5 years of age are most commonly infected. The main source of infestation for children are dogs, especially puppies. Infection occurs through direct contact with an infested animal whose coat is infected with infective eggs. Children with geophagy are most at risk of infection, especially when playing in the sand or with a dog.

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Rubić, Ivana, Richard Burchmore, Stefan Weidt, Clement Regnault, Josipa Kuleš, Renata Barić Rafaj, Tomislav Mašek, et al. "Multi Platforms Strategies and Metabolomics Approaches for the Investigation of Comprehensive Metabolite Profile in Dogs with Babesia canis Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031575.

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Canine babesiosis is an important tick-borne disease worldwide, caused by parasites of the Babesia genus. Although the disease process primarily affects erythrocytes, it may also have multisystemic consequences. The goal of this study was to explore and characterize the serum metabolome, by identifying potential metabolites and metabolic pathways in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The study included 12 dogs naturally infected with B. canis and 12 healthy dogs. By combining three different analytical platforms using untargeted and targeted approaches, 295 metabolites were detected. The untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics approach identified 64 metabolites, the targeted UHPLC-MS/MS metabolomics approach identified 205 metabolites, and the GC-MS metabolomics approach identified 26 metabolites. Biological functions of differentially abundant metabolites indicate the involvement of various pathways in canine babesiosis including the following: glutathione metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; cysteine and methionine metabolism; and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. This study confirmed that host–pathogen interactions could be studied by metabolomics to assess chemical changes in the host, such that the differences in serum metabolome between dogs with B. canis infection and healthy dogs can be detected with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Our study provides novel insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of B. canis infection.

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Makhvatova, N. V. "Clinical experience with the use and efficacy evaluation of new Insacar Total C Plus for dogs and Insacar Total K Plus for cats." Russian Journal of Parasitology 17, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-265-275.

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The purpose of the research is to study the efficacy of new multicomponent drugs for dogs and cats against arachnoentomosis and helminthosis.Materials and methods. The efficacy of new four-component Insacar Total C Plus Drops for Dogs and Insacar Total K Plus Drops for Cats was studied on target animal species. The experiment included 90 dogs and 82 cats including 38 dogs and 37 cats with monoinfection by ticks (Sarcoptes canis, Demodex canis, Notoedres cati, Otodectes cynotis, family Ixodidae), 39 dogs and 31 cats with monoinfection by insects (Ctenocephalides sp., Linognathus setosus, Trichodectes canis), 13 dogs and 14 cats with infection by helminths (Toxocara canis, T. cati, Toxascaris leonina, Taenia sp.), and 13 dogs and 10 cats with mixed infections. The drug was applied to the skin of the animals in dosages as specified in the instructions for use. The therapy effectiveness was monitored on days 14 and 28, and in case of Notoedres cati and Sarcoptes canis, on day 40.Results and discussion. The efficacy of multicomponent drugs against monoinfections with insects, ixodid ticks, ticks of the genus Demodex and helminths, as well as mixed infections of the dogs and cats was 100% in clinical studies. The efficacy in the cats with notoedric mange was 80%, and 83.4% in the dogs with sarcoptic mange. The advantage of four-component Insacar Total C Plus Drops for Dogs and Insacar Total K Plus Drops for Cats is the presence of several components, namely, imidacloprid, praziquantel, pyriproxyfen, and moxidectin. The unique combination of active ingredients ensures the efficacy of drugs against external and internal parasites including ixodid ticks, and preventive efficacy against entomosis and ixodid ticks for 30 days. The drops for dogs and cats are advisable against mixed infections.

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Suzuki, Michio, Kaoru Umeda, Masanobu Kimura, Koichi Imaoka, Shigeru Morikawa, and Ken Maeda. "Capnocytophaga felis sp. nov. isolated from the feline oral cavity." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004176.

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Four strains, KC07070T, KC07105, 11 025B-8C and 11 026B-8-C, were isolated from the oral cavity of cats in 2007 or 2011 in Japan. These strains were Gram-stain-negative rods, exhibited gliding motility, grew in air with 5 % CO2 and showed catalase and oxidase activity. The sequences of 16S rRNA genes of the four strains were 100 % identical. Additionally, the sequences of 16S rRNA genes of KC07070T had identity to those of the type strains of Capnocytophaga canimorsus (97.7 %), Capnocytophaga cynodegmi (97.8 %) and Capnocytophaga canis (97.4 %) and 91.2–93.8% identity to those of other species of the genus Capnocytophaga . The major cellular fatty acids of KC07070T were iso-C15 : 0 (56.2 %) and summed feature 11 (14.9 %). The G+C content of the DNA from KC07070T was 35.6 mol%, and the genome size was 2.88 Mbp. KC07070T had digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 26.2–27.6% and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 75.4–83.3 % to the type strains of the closest relatives, C. canimorsus , C. cynodegmi and C. canis . These results of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, cellular fatty acids compositions and dDDH and ANI values indicate that strain KC07070T represents a novel species, for which we propose the name Capnocytophaga felis sp. nov., with type strain KC07070T (=JCM 32681T=DSM 107251T).

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Duarte, S. C., J. A. Parente, O. J. Silveira Neto, V. S. Jayme, T. S. A. Bastos, and G. F. C. Linhares. "Molecular diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis in symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiania, Goiás, Brazil." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 6 (December 2016): 1431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8855.

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ABSTRACT More than 300 species have been described in the genus Hepatozoon, occurring in different vertebrates. Among these, only Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum are seen in dogs. Different methods may be used for laboratory diagnosis. The most common of these is direct parasitological examination of parasite stages in blood smears. The aim of this investigation was to conduct a phylogenetic study on Hepatozoon isolates from symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 40 symptomatic dogs that had been referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás. Among these, only two samples were positive for Hepatozoon spp. using the direct parasitological method. These samples were then subjected to a DNA extraction process and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA by means of PCR. Subsequently, the PCR products from each sample were purified and sequenced. The sequences obtained were then analyzed using the BLASTn algorithm, which identified both sequences of this study as Hepatozoon canis. By applying the Mega4 software, it was confirmed that these isolates of H. canis from dogs in Goiânia are similar to other reference isolates of the same species from other regions of Brazil and worldwide.

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Mokryi, Yu O., I. M. Ksyonz, P. Yu Grubich, P. O. Kasala, and O. M. Lysak. "Індикація та видова диференціація найпростіших роду Babesia за методом ПЛР у кліщах, знятих з тварин." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 78 (April 6, 2017): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7820.

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The article presents the study results on the indication and species differentiation of the Babesia genus protozoa in the organism of ticks taken off dogs and cattle. Diagnostic tests were performed using a multiplex PCR test system, being a self-engineering product, which allows to determine the DNA presence of 6 Babesia genus species in any biological samples, namely: B. canis, B. divergens, B. caballi, B. major, B Bigemina, B. bovis, three of them being species-specific, by the bands’ size at the amplification products’ electrophoregrams. The above test system contains 2 direct and 3 reverse primers flanking the DNA fragments of the gene encoding the 18S rRNA of the Babesia genus protozoa.The subject of the study were ticks obtained from 17 dogs of different breeds and sex-age status and 12 units of livestock (cattle). As a result, the babesial DNA was detected in 11 samples, eight of which were differentiated as Babesia canis, two as Babesia bovis and one as Babesia divergens. Based on the results obtained, the animals, whose ticks, taken off them, had babesia detected, one or another strategy was developed for treatment and prophylaxis measures.The approach suggested in the present article permits identifying the possible risks of babesia invasion at the earliest stages of the disease. Presence or absence of the Babesia genus protozoa in the body of sanguivorous ticks permits avoiding treatments rather toxic for the organism, or to carry out preventive therapy long before the babesiosis clinical symptoms’ manifestation. It is vitally important for pregnant females and especially sensitive to babesiosis dog breeds.The prospect of further research is development of the PCR test systems for indicating and differentiating other tick-borne infections and invasions.

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Eleni, Claudia, Alessia Mariacher, Goffredo Grifoni, Elena Cardini, Sara Tonon, Andrea Lombardo, Antonino Barone, and Gianluca Fichi. "Pathology of Urinary Bladder in Pearsonema spp. Infected Wildlife from Central Italy." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040474.

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The genus Pearsonema, in the nematode family Capillariidae, includes several species that parasitize the urinary bladders of wild and domestic carnivores. The infection has been reported worldwide from several wildlife species, including canids, mustelids, and felids, but the pathological aspects have seldom been investigated. In order to assess the presence and severity of the lesions in Pearsonema-infected wildlife, we performed a parasitological and pathological examination of urinary bladders from 72 animals, belonging to the families Canidae (red fox Vulpes vulpes, n = 28, and wolf Canis lupus, n = 29) and Mustelidae (beech marten Martes foina, n = 3; pine marten Martes martes, n = 2; and European badger Meles meles, n = 10). A greater prevalence of infection for canids (64.91%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 52.52–77.30%) than for mustelids (13.33%) (p < 0.001) was recorded. The prevalence of infection in red foxes was 75.0% (95% CI, 58.96–91.04%), in accordance with other reports from European countries, supporting the role of this species as a reservoir for infection. Eosinophilic cystitis was observed in 34 out of the 72 examined animals (47.22%). The influence of Pearsonema sp. infection on the occurrence of eosinophilic cystitis was statistically significant in wolves (p < 0.01), which were also affected by more severe histological lesions compared to foxes.

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Udell, Monique A. R., and Clive D. L. Wynne. "Ontogeny and phylogeny: both are essential to human-sensitive behaviour in the genus Canis." Animal Behaviour 79, no. 2 (February 2010): e9-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.11.033.

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Da Silva, Thayssa Keren, Carolina Moreira Blanco, Maria Ogrzewalska, Mariana Barbosa de Souza, Jairo Dias Barreira, Namir Santos Moreira, Maria Angelica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia, and Elba Regina S. de Lemos. "Investigation of Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. in ectoparasites collected from domestic animals, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." Virus Reviews & Research 22 (September 6, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v22i1.333.

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The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of emerging arthropod-borne pathogens Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia infection in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) collected from dogs and horses within municipality of Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro State, Southern Brazil. Samples from 280 ticks and two fleas were subjected to family or/and genus specific PCR for Anaplasmataceae, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia, followed by DNA sequencing to ensure pathogen identity. In ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus collected from dogs the DNA of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis was detected in 6.8% and 2.2% samples respectively. In two R. sanguineus confection with two pathogens was observed. In Dermacentor nitens ticks, collected from horses Francisella-like endosymbiont was found in 42.8% samples. DNA of Rickettsia felis and Wolbachia pi-petens was detected in fleas Ctenocephalides canis fleas. No DNA of Rickettsia was found in tested ticks. The findings contribute to our knowledge of tick-borne bacteria, ticks and endosymbionts distribution in Brazil.

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Barman, D., BC Baishya, D. Sarma, A. Phukan, and TC Dutta. "A Case Report of Canine Ehrlichia Infection in a Labrador Dog and its Therapeutic Management." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 12, no. 2 (December 24, 2014): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21298.

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Ehrlichiosis is an important protozoan disease in canine caused by an intracellular gram negative bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia, under the family Anaplasmataceae. The important species under the genus Ehrlichia are E. canis, E. ewingii and E. chaffeensis. Another two bacteria within the family Anaplasmataceae are Anaplasma platys (Syn: E. platys) and A. phagocytophilum ; on the other hand, E. platys and A. phagocytophilum are synonymous. Prevalence of ehrlichiosis remains high in north eastern region of India especially Assam but it remains undiagnosed due to lack of owners awareness. The incidences of ehrlichiosis in dog in Guwahati caused by E. canis and E. platys are recorded which are primarily responsible for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and canine thrombocytic as well as granulocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively. A case of ehrlichiosis in canine was diagnosed based on clinical signs, blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The dog was treated with two doses of diminazine diaceturate deep intramuscularly at 48 hours interval and doxycycline tablet orally for one month besides supportive therapy rendered during the period. After a month of treatment the dog showed recovery and by two months it recovered completely. Thus it can be inferred that, doxycycline along with other supportive medication for about a month could cure a critical case of canine ehrlichiosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21298 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 237-239

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Santos, Marcos Antônio Bezerra, Lucia Oliveira de Macedo, Domenico Otranto, Carlos Alberto do Nascimento Ramos, Ana Gabriela de Oliveira do Rêgo, Alessio Giannelli, Leucio Câmara Alves, Gílcia Aparecida de Carvalho, and Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos. "Screening of Cercopithifilaria bainae and Hepatozoon canis in ticks collected from dogs of Northeastern Brazil." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0069.

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Abstract Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most widespread ixodid ticks and is a competent vector of several vector-borne pathogens of veterinary and medical concern. For instance, this tick species transmits nematodes of the genus Cercopithifilaria and protozoa of the genus Hepatozoon to carnivores, including dogs. Here we investigated the occurrence of Cercopithifilaria spp. and Hepatozoon spp. in a population of ticks collected from naturally infested dogs living in rural areas of Northeastern Brazil. From August 2016 to June 2017, 758 tick specimens (mean ticks per month = 68.9 ± 71.4) were sampled from 75 dogs (mean ticks per dog = 10.11 ± 5.2) and dissected under a stereomicroscope in order to visualize Cercopithifilaria spp. larvae and Hepatozoon spp. oocysts and sporocysts. R. sanguineus s.l. was the only species collected, peaking in September (n = 273) and decreasing in February 2017 (n = 39). Different larval stages of Cercopithifilaria bainae were identified in 7 out of 758 (0.93%) ticks. In addition, 4 specimens (0.53%) were positive for oocysts and free sporocysts of Hepatozoon canis. The identity of both species of parasites was molecularly confirmed. These results account for the predominance of R. sanguineus (s.l.) in domestic dogs from rural locations of the study area, as well as for the presence C. bainae and H. canis in these tick populations.

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Moyaert, H., A. Decostere, P. Vandamme, L. Debruyne, J. Mast, M. Baele, L. Ceelen, R. Ducatelle, and F. Haesebrouck. "Helicobacter equorum sp. nov., a urease-negative Helicobacter species isolated from horse faeces." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64279-0.

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Gram-negative, curved, motile bacteria (strains EqF1T and EqF2) were isolated from faecal samples from two clinically healthy horses. Both strains possessed a single, monopolar, sheathed flagellum and were urease-negative. The novel strains grew at 37 °C under microaerobic conditions and were positive for oxidase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The isolates reduced nitrate to nitrite, but γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was not detected. The novel isolates did not grow at 42 °C or on media containing 1 % glycine. They were resistant to cephalotin and nalidixic acid and susceptible to metronidazole. Analysis of the 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences of the two novel strains identified them as representing a single species within the genus Helicobacter. In terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis were the most closely related species (98 % similarity). 23S rRNA gene sequence analysis also classified strains EqF1T and EqF2 within the enterohepatic division of the genus Helicobacter, but only 94 % similarity was detected with H. pullorum and H. canadensis, which are helicobacters with unsheathed flagella. The most closely related species in terms of 23S rRNA gene sequence similarity was Helicobacter canis (95 %). Numerical analysis of whole-cell protein extracts by SDS-PAGE was performed and the novel isolates were clearly differentiated from H. pullorum, H. canadensis, H. canis and other species of the genus Helicobacter. This finding was also confirmed by sequence analysis of the hsp60 gene. On the basis of these genetic, biochemical and protein data, the isolates are classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Helicobacter equorum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain EqF1T=LMG 23362T=CCUG 52199T).

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Vandamme, Peter, Barry Holmes, Hervé Bercovier, and Tom Coenye. "Classification of Centers for Disease Control Group Eugonic Fermenter (EF)-4a and EF-4b as Neisseria animaloris sp. nov. and Neisseria zoodegmatis sp. nov., respectively." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64142-0.

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A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on isolates classified as Centers for Disease Control Group Eugonic Fermenter (EF)-4a and EF-4b. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that group EF-4a and EF-4b belong to the genus Neisseria with Neisseria canis and Neisseria dentiae as the nearest phylogenetic neighbours. DNA–DNA hybridizations and biochemical analyses demonstrated that isolates of group EF-4a and EF-4b represent two novel species within this sublineage of the genus Neisseria. Based on the results of the present study, isolates of group EF-4a and EF-4b are classified as Neisseria animaloris sp. nov. (type strain LMG 23011T=NCTC 12228T) and Neisseria zoodegmatis sp. nov. (type strain LMG 23012T=NCTC 12230T), respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Genus Canis'

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