Academic literature on the topic 'Genus Canis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Genus Canis"
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Marciszak, Adrian, Aleksandra Kropczyk, Wiktoria Gornig, Małgorzata Kot, Adam Nadachowski, and Grzegorz Lipecki. "History of Polish Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) and Their Biochronological Implications on the Eurasian Background." Genes 14, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030539.
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The remains of 12 canid species that date back ca. 4.9 myr have been found at 116 paleontological localities. Among these localities, eight are dated to the Pliocene age, 12 are dated to the Early Pleistocene age, 12 are from the Middle Pleistocene age, while the most numerous group includes 84 sites from the Late Pleistocene–Holocene age. Some, especially older forms such as Eucyon odessanus and Nyctereutes donnezani, have only been found at single sites, while the remains of species from the genus Lycaon, Canis and Vulpes have been recorded at numerous sites from the last 2 myr. Ancient canids such as Eucyon and Nyctereutes had already vanished from Poland in the Earliest Pleistocene, between 2.5 and 2.2 myr ago. Poland’s extant canid fauna is characterised by the presence of two new species, which spread into the territory due to a human introduction (Nyctereutes procyonoides) or natural expansion (Canis aureus). Research indicates a strong competition between dogs, especially between Lycaon, Canis and Cuon, with a strong lycaon-limiting effect on the wolf between 2.5 and 0.4 myr ago. After the extinction of Lycaon lycaonoides, Canis lupus evolved rapidly, increasing in number and size, and taking over the niche occupied by Lycaon. In order to reduce competition, the body size of Cuon alpinus gradually reduced, and it became an animal adapted to the forest, highland and mountain environments. Generally, the history of canids in Poland is similar to that known of Eurasia with some noteworthy events, such as the early occurrence of Canis cf. etruscus from Węże 2 (2.9–2.6 myr ago), Lycaon falconeri from Rębielice Królewskie 1A or one of the latest occurrences of L. lycaonoides from Draby 3 (430–370 kyr). Predominantly lowland or upland in the southern part and devoid of significant ecological barriers, Poland is also an important migration corridor in the East–West system. This 500–600 km wide corridor was the Asian gateway to Europe, from where species of an eastern origin penetrated the continent’s interior. In colder periods, it was in turn a region through which boreal species or those associated with the mammoth steppe retreated.
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Hmoon, Myint Myint, Lat Lat Htun, May June Thu, Hla Myet Chel, Yu Nandi Thaw, Shwe Yee Win, Nyein Chan Soe, Yadanar Khaing, Su Su Thein, and Saw Bawm. "Molecular Prevalence and Identification of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys from Dogs in Nay Pyi Taw Area, Myanmar." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (February 8, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8827206.
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Ticks are vectors of different types of viruses, protozoans, and other microorganisms, which include Gram-negative prokaryotes of the genera Rickettsiales, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Borrelia. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis and canine cyclic thrombocytopenia caused by Anaplasma platys are of veterinary importance worldwide. In Myanmar, there is limited information concerning tick-borne pathogens, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp., as well as genetic characterization of these species. We performed nested PCR for the gltA gene of the genus Ehrlichia spp. and the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Anaplasma spp. with blood samples from 400 apparently healthy dogs in Nay Pyi Taw area. These amplicon sequences were compared with other sequences from GenBank. Among the 400 blood samples from dogs, 3 (0.75%) were positive for E. canis and 1 (0.25%) was positive for A. platys. The partial sequences of the E. canis gltA and A. platys 16SrRNA genes obtained were highly similar to E. canis and A. platys isolated from different other countries.
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Nyindo, Mramba, Ibulaimu Kakoma, and Richard Hansen. "Antigenic analysis of four species of the genus Ehrlichia by use of protein immunoblot." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.08.1225.
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Summary The antigenic profile of Ehrlichia canis, E risticii, E sennetsu, and E equi was investigated by the use of protein (western) immunoblot technique. Results of analysis of serum from acutely and chronically infected animals indicated that the 4 Ehrlichia species share a unique 25- kD polypeptide in addition to other peptides. Immune sera from dogs inoculated with E canis recognized a wide range of E canis polypeptide antigens, as determined by western blot analysis. A larger number of E sennetsu polypeptides were detected when homologous antiserum and antiserum to E equi were used. The latter antiserum did not recognize antigens of E canis or E risticii. Antisera to E canis, E risticii, and E sennetsu detected E equi antigens. Data indicate that a 25-kD protein is a common antigen among the species of the genus Ehrlichia and that the ascending order of abundance of immunodominant determinants in the 4 species of Ehrlichia studied would be: E risticii → E equi → E sennetsu → E canis. Implications of these findings for diagnosis of ehrlichial infections and prophylaxis are evident.
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Panait, Luciana Cătălina, Kristýna Hrazdilová, Angela Monica Ionică, Georgiana Deak, Gabriel Bogdan Chişamera, Costică Adam, Călin Mircea Gherman, and Andrei Daniel Mihalca. "Babesia pisicii n. sp. and Babesia canis Infect European Wild Cats, Felis silvestris, in Romania." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071474.
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Haemoparasites of the genus Babesia infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Feline babesiosis is considered endemic in South Africa, while data on Babesia spp. infection in felids in Europe is scarce. Using samples from 51 wild felids, 44 Felis silvestris and 7 Lynx lynx, the study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of Babesia spp. in wild felids in Romania by analyzing the 18S rDNA and two mitochondrial markers, cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. By 18S rDNA analyses, Babesia spp. DNA was detected in 20 European wild felids. All sequences showed 100% similarity to B. canis by BLAST analysis. Conversely, Cytb and COI analyses revealed the presence of two Babesia spp., B. pisicii n. sp., which we herein describe, and B. canis. The pairwise comparison of both mitochondrial genes of B. pisicii n. sp. showed a genetic distance of at least 10.3% from the most closely related species, B. rossi. Phylogenetic analyses of Cytb and COI genes revealed that B. pisicii n. sp. is related to the so-called “large” canid-associated Babesia species forming a separate subclade in a sister position to B. rossi.
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Pagnossin, Davide, Andrew Smith, Katarina Oravcová, and William Weir. "Streptococcus canis, the underdog of the genus." Veterinary Microbiology 273 (October 2022): 109524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109524.
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Byosiere, Sarah-Elizabeth, Julia Espinosa, and Bradley P. Smith. "The function of play bows in Canis lupus and its variants: a comparison of dingo (Canis lupus dingo), dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and wolf puppies (Canis lupus)." Behaviour 155, no. 5 (2018): 369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003495.
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Abstract Play bows represent a common, highly stereotyped behaviour across the genus Canis. However, much of what we know is limited to the wolf and its domestic derivative, the domestic dog. Here we continue to look at the function of play bows among subspecies/variants of Canis lupus by including the dingo. Comparing dingoes to wolves and dogs may provide further insight into the impact of domestication on play behaviour. We analysed play bows in three-to-six month old dingo puppies and compared the results to previous studies of wolves and dogs. The function of play bows in dingoes appears consistent with those observed in dogs and wolf puppies. However, subtle intraspecific differences (such as the frequency and duration of play bows, and vocalizations during play) were apparent, and warrant further investigation in the genus Canis, as well as the Family Canidae more broadly.
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DOBROWOLSKA, ANITA, JOANNA DĘBSKA, MAGDALENA KOZŁOWSKA, and PAWEŁ STĄCZEK. "Strains Differentiation of Microsporum canis by RAPD Analysis Using (GACA)4 and (ACA)5 Primers." Polish Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 2 (2011): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2011-020.
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Molecular analysis of dermatophytes (based on PCR fingerprinting) revealed high clonal differentiation between the genus and species. Microsporum canis (zoophilic dermatophyte, belonging to genus Microsporum), responsible for most cases of tinea capitis in children, tinea corporis in adults and dermatophytoses in cats, is very unique in comparison with other dermatophytes. Results of most molecular studies show that there is no clonal differentiation within M. canis as distinct from other species. The aim of this study was application of (GACA)4 repetitive primer and (ACA)5 primer for typing of M. canis strains isolated from human and animals in Central Poland. Fungal strains: 32 clinical isolates of M. canis, originated from patients from Central Poland; 11 strains isolated from infected cats (6) and dogs (7), reference strains of M. canis (CBS 113480), T rubrum (CBS 120358), T mentagrophytes (CBS 120357) and E. floccosum (CBS 970.95). The genomic DNAs of the strains were used as a template in RAPD reaction. No differentiation was observed for the analyzed M. canis strains using (GACA)4 and (ACA)5 typing.
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Yevstafieva, V., K. Horb, V. Melnychuk, and O. Gorb. "Differential characters of fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) obtained from dogs." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, no. 1 (March 13, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022110.
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Fleas are the common name of the order Siphonaptera, obligate provisional nidiculous parasites of mammals and, to a lesser extent, birds, which can also feed on humans. Fleas can cause ctenocephalidosis of dogs and are carriers of many dangerous infectious and invasive diseases. Their ability to use humans as an alternative host determines the importance of these parasites in health care. Therefore, the aim of the work was to establish morphological and metric characters of adult male and female fleas of the species Ctenocephalides felis Bouche, 1835 and C. canis Curtis, 1826, isolated from domestic dogs for species identification. Morphological studies of fleas have shown that the differential features of C. felis and C. canis include the shape of the head and anterior-dorsal cuticular notch on the head. Notably, male fleas of both species have a more rounded forehead than female fleas. The metric parameters of adult fleas can be used as additional identification features, which will increase the efficiency of differential diagnosis of parasitic insects. We found differences in male fleas by 23 parameters, of which the value of 17 parameters were smaller in C. canis specimens. Males of C. felis were 9.1–21.1% larger in total body length, lengths of head and thorax, as well as lengths of mesothorax and metathorax. Differential features included size of the teeth of the main ctenidium and pronotal ctenidium: in C. felis males all eight teeth of the main ctenidium, located on the left side, were longer by 12.7–41.7%, and the first, seventh, eighth teeth were wider by 25.4–43.0% than in C. canis. In female fleas, differences were found for 24 metric parameters, of which the values of 20 parameters were also smaller in C. canis specimens. Females of C. felis were 12.1–22.2% larger in terms of total body length, head, breast, prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. All their teeth of the main ctenidium were longer by 5.6–40.6%, and the first, second, third, and eighth teeth were 18.1–48.9% wider than in females of C. canis. The obtained results add to the already existing data on morphometric features of adult fleas of C. felis and C. canis species, and will allow timely and accurate diagnosis of ctenocephalidosis in dogs caused by parasites of these species.
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Doyle, C. Kuyler, Xiaofeng Zhang, Vsevolod L. Popov, and Jere W. McBride. "An Immunoreactive 38-Kilodalton Protein of Ehrlichia canis Shares Structural Homology and Iron-Binding Capacity with the Ferric Ion-Binding Protein Family." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 1 (January 2005): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.1.62-69.2005.
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ABSTRACT Ehrlichiae are tick-transmitted, gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria that live and replicate in cytoplasmic vacuoles, but little is known about iron acquisition mechanisms necessary for their survival. In this study, a genus-conserved immunoreactive ferric ion-binding protein (Fbp) of Ehrlichia canis was identified and its iron-binding capability was investigated. E. canis Fbp was homologous to a family of periplasmic Fbp's involved in iron acquisition and transport in gram-negative bacteria. E. canis Fbp had a molecular mass (38 kDa) consistent with those of Fbp's in other bacteria and exhibited substantial immunoreactivity in its native conformation. The predicted three-dimensional structure of E. canis Fbp demonstrated conservation of important Fbp family structural motifs: two domains linked with a polypeptide “hinge” region. Under iron-binding conditions, the recombinant Fbp exhibited an intense red color and an absorbance spectrum indicative of iron binding, and it bound Fe(III) but not Fe(II). Fbp was observed primarily in the cytoplasm of the reticulate forms of E. canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis but was notably found on extracellular morula fibers in morulae containing dense-cored organisms. Although expression of Fbp is regulated through an operon of three functionally linked genes in other gram-negative bacteria, the absence of an intact fbp operon in Ehrlichia spp. suggests that genes involved in ehrlichial iron acquisition have been subject to reductive evolution.
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Duarte, Sabrina Castilho, Juliana Alves Parente, Maristela Pereira, Célia Maria de Almeida Soares, and Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares. "Phylogenetic characterization of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of Goiás, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 4 (December 2011): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000400004.
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The genus Babesia comprises protozoa that cause diseases known as babesiosis. Dogs are commonly affected by Babesia canis or Babesia gibsoni. Babesia canis is divided into the subspecies Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli and Babesia canis rossi. Among these, Babesia canis vogeli predominates in Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on Babesia isolates from dogs in Goiânia, Goiás. Blood samples were obtained from 890 dogs presenting clinical signs suggestive of canine babesiosis that were attended at a veterinary hospital of Goiás. Only samples presenting typical intraerythrocytic parasites were used in the study. These were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA, by means of PCR. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Sequences were obtained from 35 samples but only 17 of these were kept after quality assessment. Similarity analysis using BLASTn demonstrated that all 17 sequences corresponded to B. canis vogeli. Analysis using the Mega4 software showed that the isolates of B. canis vogeli from dogs in Goiânia present a high degree of molecular similarity (99.2 to 100%) in comparison with other reference isolates from other regions of Brazil and worldwide, deposited in GenBank.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Genus Canis"
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Riegert, Stefanie. "Anatomische und biomechanische Untersuchungen am Kniegelenk (Articulatio genus) des Hundes (Canis familiaris)." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-26378.
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Berggren, Bremdal Karin. "Evolution of MHC Genes and MHC Gene Expression." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122011.
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Polymorphism in coding regions and regions controlling gene expression is the major determinant of adaptive differences in natural populations. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) possess a high level of genetic variation, which is maintained by selection over long coalescence times. MHC genes encode antigen-presenting molecules in the adaptive immune system, which protects the host from infectious diseases. However, MHC molecules may also present self-peptides and for most autoimmune diseases there is a genetic factor associated with the MHC. MHC genes have been used to learn about the interplay of selection and historical population events. In domestic dogs and their progenitor, the wolf, I explored factors associated with domestication and breed formation and their influence not only on MHC coding regions but also on the haplotypic structure of the class II region. Polymorphism and strong selection was demonstrated in the proximal promoters of MHC genes in dogs and wolves. Hence, genetic variation associated with MHC gene expression may have at least equal importance for a well functioning immune system. Associations between promoter sequences and particular coding alleles suggested allele-specific expression patterns. SNP haplotypes of the MHC class II region revealed ancestral as well as convergent haplotypes, in which combinations of alleles are kept by selection. Interestingly, weaker allelic associations were found between different genes and between coding regions and promoters in dogs compared to wolves. Potentially, this could cause insufficient defense against infections and predispose dogs to autoimmune diseases. For example, I identified a site in the promoter region that showed a consistent difference between haplotypes conferring susceptibility and protection to diabetes in dogs, which should be investigated further. Furthermore, I investigated how selection and demographic changes associated with glacial and inter-glacial periods have affected MHC variation in European hedgehogs and extended the prevailing knowledge concerning their population history.
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Frolovienė, Jurga. "Šunų babeziozės sukėlėjo Babesia canis 18S rRNR geno sekų palyginamoji analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140611_143551-28885.
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Šunų babeziozė – tai liga, greitai plintanti visame pasaulyje, kurią sukelia pirmuonys, priklausantys Babesia genčiai. Ligos sukėlėjus platina Dermocentor, Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis genties erkės. Lietuvoje paplitę Dermacentor reticulatus erkės - pagrindiniai Babesia canis vektoriai. B. canis patenka į raudonąsias kraujo ląsteles (eritrocitus) ir jas suardo. Kasmet sergamumas šunų babezioze visoje Europoje bei Lietuvoje stipriai auga. Darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti šunų užsikrėtimą Babesia canis patogenais ir identifikuoti Babesia canis porūšius ir padermes, panaudojant molekulinius tyrimo metodus ir filogenetinę sekų analizę. Šiame darbe buvo tiriami 20 šunų, sergančių babezioze,( pagal babeziozei būdingą klinikinę išraišką) kraujo mėginiai, kurie buvo surinkti iš Kauno apskrities Veterinarijos klinikų. Taikant molekulinį PGR (polimerazės grandininės reakcijos) metodą, 17 iš šių mėginių buvo identifikuota Babesia canis canis. Atlikus palyginamąją Babesia canis canis 18S rRNR geno sekų analizę, pasitelkus Gen Bank duomenis, buvo nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje sekvenuotos sekos nuo užsikrėtusių šunų buvo identiškos tarpusavyje ir turėjo 91-100% panašumą su sekomis, identifikuotomis sergančiuose šunyse ir D. reticulatus erkėse kitose Europos šalyse. Identifikuotos sekos priklausė vienam iš genotipų, paplitusių Europoje, kuris pasižymi didesniu virulentiškumu. Europos šalyse nustatyta 10 B. canis canis sekų variantų, identifikuotų pagal 18S rRNR geno sekų analizę.Canine babesiosis is a disease, quickly spreading worldwide, which is caused by the protozoa belonging to the genus Babesia. The disease agents are transmitted by ticks of the genera Dermocentor, Rhipicephalus, and Haemaphysalis. Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, which are widely spread in Lithuania, are the main vectors of Babesia canis. B. canis infects red blood cells (erythrocytes) and destroys them. Every year the morbidity of Babesia canis is intensely growing in the whole of Europe and Lithuania. The aim of thesis was to evaluate the canine infection with Babesia canis pathogens and identify species and subspecies of Babesia canis, using molecular methods of analysis and phylogenetic sequence. The research focused on 20 dogs infected with Babesia canis (in accordance with the clinical expression characteristic of babesiosis); the blood samples were collected in the veterinary clinics in the Kaunas region. Applying the molecular PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) method, 17 of the samples were identified as cases of Babesia canis canis. On the basis of the contrastive gene sequencing analysis of Babesia canis canis 18S rRNR and the data of Gen Bank it was determined that in Lithuania the sequential sequences of infected dogs were identical and by 91-100 percent resembled the sequences identified in infected dogs and D. reticulatus ticks in other European countries. The identified sequences belonged to one of the genotypes which is widely spread in Europe and is... [to full text]
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Niskanen, A. (Alina). "Selection and genetic diversity in the major histocompatibility complex genes of wolves and dogs." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205960.
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Abstract Hosts and pathogens are involved in a continuous evolutionary arms race, where pathogens attack and hosts defend themselves. The main tools for winning the race are natural selection and the genetic diversity that selection acts on. However, in small populations natural selection may be ineffective. Therefore, the genes taking part in immune defense may lack adaptability to new or changing pathogens. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important genomic region that includes highly polymorphic immune defense genes. In this doctoral thesis, I studied the natural selection and genetic diversity of MHC class II genes in dogs and Finnish wolves. I also used dog MHC diversity to estimate the number of founding wolves in dog domestication. The Finnish wolf population declined rapidly in size due to excessive hunting from the late 19th century until the early 20th century. After decades of a very small population size, the population started recovering in the mid-1990s. This study shows that, despite the fluctuations in population size, the diversity of the MHC loci in the Finnish wolf has remained high and comparable to the larger neighboring Russian Karelian wolf population. Unlike the neutral genetic markers, the MHC loci of the Finnish and Russian Karelian populations have not differentiated. These results indicate similar balancing selection acting on the MHC loci of the two wolf populations. In dogs, the strength of natural selection is likely weakened by artificial selection and veterinary care. The potential phases of natural selection would be during embryogenesis and fetal development. However, no strong signs of prenatal selection were found in this study. MHC diversity was estimated to be higher in Asian dogs than in dogs from Europe. A simulation study indicated a minimum of 500 founding wolves for the modern dog population. Dog MHC diversity implies an Asian origin for domestication from a large and diverse wolf population. Both natural selection and demography have an influence on the genetic diversity of a species. In small populations, random genetic drift is enforced. However, in loci with important fitness impacts, selection may be particularly strong and outweigh drift, as demonstrated in the MHC loci of a small wolf population in this studyTiivistelmä Isäntä ja taudinaiheuttajat käyvät jatkuvaa kaksinkamppailua, jossa taudinaiheuttajat hyökkäävät ja isäntä puolustautuu. Kamppailussa menestymiseen tarvitaan geneettistä monimuotoisuutta sekä sen pohjalta toimivaa luonnonvalintaa. Pienissä populaatioissa luonnonvalinnan teho voi kuitenkin heikentyä, jolloin immuunipuolustukseen osallistuvat geenit eivät kykene sopeutumaan uusiin tai muuttuneisiin taudinaiheuttajiin. MHC-alueella (major histocompatibility complex) sijaitsee suuri joukko monimuotoisia immuunipuolustukseen osallistuvia geenejä. Väitöskirjassani tutkin luokan II MHC-geeneihin kohdistuvaa luonnonvalintaa ja niiden geneettistä monimuotoisuutta koirilla ja Suomen susilla. Arvioin myös koiran kesyttämisprosessiin osallistuneiden susien määrää nykykoiran MHC-monimuotoisuuden pohjalta. Suomen susipopulaation koko pieneni nopeasti voimakkaan metsästyksen vuoksi 1800-luvun lopulta 1900-luvun alkuun. Populaatio pysyi hyvin pienenä useita vuosikymmeniä, kunnes se alkoi elpyä 1990-luvun puolivälissä. Tutkimus osoitti, että populaatiokoon vaihteluista huolimatta Suomen susien MHC-geenien monimuotoisuus on säilynyt korkeana ja on vastaavalla tasolla kuin Venäjän Karjalan susipopulaatiossa. Suomen ja Venäjän Karjalan susipopulaatioiden MHC-geenit eivät ole erilaistuneet, vaikka populaatiot poikkeavat toisistaan neutraalien geenimerkkien suhteen. Samanlainen tasapainottava valinta näyttäisi kohdistuvan näiden susipopulaatioiden MHC-geeneihin. Keinotekoinen valinta ja eläinlääketieteellinen hoito todennäköisesti heikentävät koirien MHC-geeneihin kohdistuvaa luonnonvalintaa. Luonnonvalinta voisi yhä vaikuttaa alkion- ja sikiönkehityksen aikana, mutta tästä ei tutkimuksessa löytynyt todisteita. MHC-muuntelun määrän arvioitiin olevan suurempaa aasialaisissa kuin eurooppalaisissa koirissa. Simulaatiotutkimuksen mukaan nykyisen koirapopulaation perustamiseen olisi tarvittu vähintään 500 sutta. Tulokset viittaavat koiran kesyttämisen tapahtuneen Aasiassa suuresta ja monimuotoisesta susipopulaatiosta. Sekä luonnonvalinta että demografia vaikuttavat lajien geneettiseen monimuotoisuuteen. Pienissä populaatioissa satunnaisajautuminen voimistuu. Valinta voi kuitenkin olla erityisen voimakasta ja voittaa satunnaisajautumisen geeneissä, joilla on erityisen tärkeä vaikutus yksilön kelpoisuuteen, kuten tutkimuksessa osoitettiin pienen susipopulaation MHC-geenien kohdalla
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Osorio-Morales, Lina Fernanda [UNESP]. "Identificação e análise de polimorfismos no gene que codifica a Lectina ligante de Manose (MBL) na espécie Canis lúpus familiaris." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87933.
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000754644.pdf: 3573059 bytes, checksum: 23125aff6588402fafc80234890dc262 (MD5)As leishmanioses são um grupo de doenças parasitárias estendidas a nível mundial e representam uma grande variedade de manifestações clínicas que vão desde leishmaniose visceral que é a forma mais grave da doença e com letalidade próxima aos 100% sem tratamento, e a leishmaniose cutânea que é de evolução usualmente benigna. As diferentes formas clínicas dependem da espécie de Leishmania que produz a doença e da resposta imune que estabelece cada hospedeiro. A lectina ligante de manose (MBL), é uma proteína que potencialmente desempenha um papel na infecção podendo levar a doença, já que ela é capaz de facilitar a infecção, promovendo a fagocitose desses parasitos intracelulares. Mutações no exon 1 e no promotor do gene da MBL humana resultam em níveis séricos baixos da proteína, o que pode proteger contra o desenvolvimento da doença. O presente estudo avaliou o papel da MBL em cães infectados com leishmaniose visceral (LVC), no Brasil, na população de Teresina – PI. (cidade endêmica para leishmaniose visceral). A procura de polimorfismos foi realizada na região promotora do gene que codifica a mbl canina, (mbl A). O DNA usado foi extraído de amostras de medula óssea de cães infectados provenientes da região. Foram encontradas apenas duas mutações do tipo SNPs na região promotora do gene da MBL. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a sequência do promotor de cães com a doença são bastante estáveis podendo ser usados como base numa possível comparação com cães sadios. Essas informações, juntamente com dados dos níveis séricos no plasma sanguíneo podem revelar a correlação entre a Leishmaniose visceral e a MBL
Leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic diseases extended worldwide and represent a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from visceral leishmaniasis - the most severe form of the disease with mortality close to 100 % without treatment , and cutaneous leishmaniasis which evolution is usually benign . The different clinical forms depend on the kind of Leishmania which produces the disease and the immune response that establishes each host. The mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a protein that plays a potential role on how the infection may lead to disease, because it is capable of facilitating infection by promoting phagocytosis of these intracellular parasites . Mutations in exon 1 and the promoter of the gene for human MBL result in low serum levels of the protein, which can protect against the development of disease. The present study evaluated the role of MBL in dogs infected with visceral leishmaniasis ( VL), in Brazil, in the population of Teresina - PI . (city with visceral leishmaniasis endemic) . It was looked for polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MBL gene encoding the canine (MBL A). The DNA used was extracted from bone marrow samples from dogs infected from that region. We found only two mutations for SNPs in the promoter region of the MBL gene . Our results suggest that the promoter sequence of dogs with the disease are very stable and can be used as the basis of comparison with healthy dogs . This information, together with data of serum blood plasma can reveal the correlation between the Leishmaniasis visceral and MBL
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Osorio-Morales, Lina Fernanda. "Identificação e análise de polimorfismos no gene que codifica a Lectina ligante de Manose (MBL) na espécie Canis lúpus familiaris /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87933.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Martins RibollaBanca: Hiro Goto
Banca: Carlos Magno F.
Resumo: As leishmanioses são um grupo de doenças parasitárias estendidas a nível mundial e representam uma grande variedade de manifestações clínicas que vão desde leishmaniose visceral que é a forma mais grave da doença e com letalidade próxima aos 100% sem tratamento, e a leishmaniose cutânea que é de evolução usualmente benigna. As diferentes formas clínicas dependem da espécie de Leishmania que produz a doença e da resposta imune que estabelece cada hospedeiro. A lectina ligante de manose (MBL), é uma proteína que potencialmente desempenha um papel na infecção podendo levar a doença, já que ela é capaz de facilitar a infecção, promovendo a fagocitose desses parasitos intracelulares. Mutações no exon 1 e no promotor do gene da MBL humana resultam em níveis séricos baixos da proteína, o que pode proteger contra o desenvolvimento da doença. O presente estudo avaliou o papel da MBL em cães infectados com leishmaniose visceral (LVC), no Brasil, na população de Teresina - PI. (cidade endêmica para leishmaniose visceral). A procura de polimorfismos foi realizada na região promotora do gene que codifica a mbl canina, (mbl A). O DNA usado foi extraído de amostras de medula óssea de cães infectados provenientes da região. Foram encontradas apenas duas mutações do tipo SNPs na região promotora do gene da MBL. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a sequência do promotor de cães com a doença são bastante estáveis podendo ser usados como base numa possível comparação com cães sadios. Essas informações, juntamente com dados dos níveis séricos no plasma sanguíneo podem revelar a correlação entre a Leishmaniose visceral e a MBL
Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic diseases extended worldwide and represent a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from visceral leishmaniasis - the most severe form of the disease with mortality close to 100 % without treatment , and cutaneous leishmaniasis which evolution is usually benign . The different clinical forms depend on the kind of Leishmania which produces the disease and the immune response that establishes each host. The mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a protein that plays a potential role on how the infection may lead to disease, because it is capable of facilitating infection by promoting phagocytosis of these intracellular parasites . Mutations in exon 1 and the promoter of the gene for human MBL result in low serum levels of the protein, which can protect against the development of disease. The present study evaluated the role of MBL in dogs infected with visceral leishmaniasis ( VL), in Brazil, in the population of Teresina - PI . (city with visceral leishmaniasis endemic) . It was looked for polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MBL gene encoding the canine (MBL A). The DNA used was extracted from bone marrow samples from dogs infected from that region. We found only two mutations for SNPs in the promoter region of the MBL gene . Our results suggest that the promoter sequence of dogs with the disease are very stable and can be used as the basis of comparison with healthy dogs . This information, together with data of serum blood plasma can reveal the correlation between the Leishmaniasis visceral and MBL
Mestre
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Moraes, Ludmila Coutinho. "Presença de genes de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos em saliva, biofilme supragengival e canais radiculares infectados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87614.
Full textAbstract:
Embora diferentes estudos indiquem que há um aumento da resistência dos microrganismos aos agentes antimicrobianos prescritos, pouco se sabe a respeito da sua distribuição na cavidade oral. A presente dissertação está dividida em dois capítulos, representados por dois diferentes manuscritos. No manuscrito I, uma revisão sistemática foi realizada e teve como objetivo determinar quais genes de resistência a antimicrobianos foram pesquisados em saliva (S), no biofilme supragengival (SB) e canal radicular (RC). Os termos foram usados em várias combinações nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas (MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI, SCOPUS e OPENGREY). Após seleção dos títulos e análise dos resumos, o texto integral de cada estudo foi obtido. Foram estabelecidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Dados epidemiológicos, características metodológicas e os resultados foram obtidos a partir dos estudos. Devido à falta de padronização da metodologia entre os trabalhos, não foi possível realizar uma meta-análise. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados. Um total de 151 títulos foram identificados para análise preliminar. Quarenta e nove resumos foram selecionados e 22 textos completos foram obtidos. Sete artigos contemplavam aos critérios de inclusão (S = 2; SB = 0 , e RC = 5). Vinte e seis diferentes genes-alvo foram avaliados. Os genes de resistência mais frequentemente descritos foram os relacionados às tetraciclinas e lactâmicos (5/7). Observa-se que poucos artigos foram selecionados pela estratégia de busca adotada para esta revisão sistemática. Este fato demonstra a falta de padronização nas metodologias dos estudos que utilizam técnicas moleculares para a detecção de genes de resistência bacteriana, tanto em condições de saúde ou doença. No manuscrito II, um estudo de observação clínica e laboratorial foi desenvolvido para detectar a presença de espécies-alvo de Prevotella e o gene cfxA/cfxA2 em amostras de saliva (S), biofilme supragengival (SB) e canais radiculares infectados (RC). Amostras pareadas de S, SB e RC foram coletadas de 42 indivíduos. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo I - sem infecção aguda/crônica primária do canal radicular (n = 15), Grupo II - presença de infecção aguda primária no canal radicular (n = 12 ) e Grupo III - presença de infecção crônica no canal radicular (n = 15). Foram coletadas amostras de RC apenas para os Grupos II e III. Após o isolamento do DNA, a presença de Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella tannerae e do gene cfxA/cfxA2 foi detectada através de PCR. Comparou-se a frequência das espécies e do gene de resistência, considerando diferentes ambientes e condições clínicas. A análise estatística foi realizada. Todas as amostras de S, SB e RC foram positivos para a detecção de DNA bacteriano. As taxas de detecção para espécies de Prevotella foram: S= 53,97%; SB=47,62%, e RC=34,56%. O gene cfxA não foi detectado simultaneamente em três ambientes do mesmo paciente. A presença ou ausência de sintomas espontâneos não influenciou as taxas de detecção para as espécies-alvo e para o gene cfxA/A2 em amostras de RC (teste exato de Fisher , P> 0,05). Espécies de Prevotella e o gene cfxA/cfxA2 foram frequentemente detectados na saliva, placa dental e amostras de canais radiculares.Although different studies indicate that there is an increased resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents prescribed in Endodontics, little is known about their distribution in the oral cavity. The present dissertation was divided into two chapters, represented by two different manuscripts. In manuscript I, a systematic review was conducted and aimed to determine which antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated in saliva (S), the supragingival biofilm (SB) and root canal (RC). The terms were used in various combinations in the following electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI, SCOPUS and OPENGREY). After title screening and abstract analysis, the full text of each study was obtained. The relevance of each study to the question of interest was determined through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Epidemiologic data, methodological characteristics and results were collected from the studies. Due to lack of methodology standardization among the papers, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Descriptive data analysis was performed. A total of 151 titles were identified for preliminary analysis. Forty-nine abstracts were selected, and full texts of 22 studies were obtained. Seven articles matched the inclusion criteria (S=2; SB= 0; and, RC=5). Twenty-six different targeted genes have been evaluated. The most frequently investigated groups of resistance genes were related to tetracycline and lactamics (5/7). Few articles in the literature fit in the search strategy adopted by this systematic review, demonstrating the lack of standardization in the methodologies of studies using molecular techniques for the detection of bacterial resistance genes to antibiotics in oral cavity, either in health or disease conditions. In the manuscript II, an observational clinical and laboratorial study was developed to identify the presence of targeted Prevotella species and the cfxA/cfxA2 gene in samples from saliva (S), supragingival biofilm (SB) and infected root canals (RC). Paired samples of S, SB and RC were collected from 42 subjects. Patients were divided into three groups: Group I - no acute or chronic root canal infection (n = 15); Group II - presence of acute root canal infection (n = 12), and Group III - presence of chronic root canal infection (n=15). RC samples were collected for Groups II and III. After DNA isolation, the presence of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella tannerae and the cfxA/cfxA2 gene was detected through gene-specific PCR. The frequency of the species and of the resistance was compared, considering different environments and clinical conditions. Statistical analysis was carried out. All samples from S, SB and RC were positive for the presence of bacteria. The overall detection rates for Prevotella species were: S = 53.97%; SB = 47.62%; and, RC = 34.56%. The cfxA gene was not detected simultaneously in the three environments from the same patient. The presence of absence of spontaneous symptoms had not influenced the detection rates for the targeted species and for the cfxA/A2 gene in RC samples (Fisher Exact Test, P>.05). Prevotella species and the gene cfxA/cfxA2 were frequently detected in saliva, dental plaque and root canal samples.
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Greco, Claudia <1976>. "Genomic characterization of the italian wolf (Canis lupus): the genes involved in black coat colour determination and application of microarray technique for snps detection." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1729/1/GRECO__CLAUDIA_TESI.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides a comprehensive genetic overview on the endangered Italian wolf population.
In particular, it focuses on two research lines.
On one hand, we focalised on melanism in wolf in order to isolate a mutation related with black
coat colour in canids.
With several reported black individuals (an exception at European level), the Italian wolf population
constituted a challenging research field posing many unanswered questions. As found in North
American wolf, we reported that melanism in the Italian population is caused by a different
melanocortin pathway component, the K locus, in which a beta-defensin protein acts as an
alternative ligand for the Mc1r. This research project was conducted in collaboration with Prof.
Gregory Barsh, Department of Genetics and Paediatrics, Stanford University.
On the other hand, we performed analysis on a high number of SNPs thanks to a customized Canine
microarray useful to integrate or substitute the STR markers for genotyping individuals and
detecting wolf-dog hybrids. Thanks to DNA microchip technology, we obtained an impressive
amount of genetic data which provides a solid base for future functional genomic studies. This
study was undertaken in collaboration with Prof. Robert K. Wayne, Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
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Greco, Claudia <1976>. "Genomic characterization of the italian wolf (Canis lupus): the genes involved in black coat colour determination and application of microarray technique for snps detection." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1729/.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides a comprehensive genetic overview on the endangered Italian wolf population.
In particular, it focuses on two research lines.
On one hand, we focalised on melanism in wolf in order to isolate a mutation related with black
coat colour in canids.
With several reported black individuals (an exception at European level), the Italian wolf population
constituted a challenging research field posing many unanswered questions. As found in North
American wolf, we reported that melanism in the Italian population is caused by a different
melanocortin pathway component, the K locus, in which a beta-defensin protein acts as an
alternative ligand for the Mc1r. This research project was conducted in collaboration with Prof.
Gregory Barsh, Department of Genetics and Paediatrics, Stanford University.
On the other hand, we performed analysis on a high number of SNPs thanks to a customized Canine
microarray useful to integrate or substitute the STR markers for genotyping individuals and
detecting wolf-dog hybrids. Thanks to DNA microchip technology, we obtained an impressive
amount of genetic data which provides a solid base for future functional genomic studies. This
study was undertaken in collaboration with Prof. Robert K. Wayne, Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
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Costa, Marcos Rodrigo Jeronimo da. "Efeito do estresse térmico no relógio biológico de Danio rerio: um elo entre temperatura , luz, canais termoTRPs e genes de relógio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-07122016-093720/.
Full textAbstract:
A adaptação temporal é fundamental para a sobrevivência de espécies que precisam coordenar sua fisiologia e comportamentos ajustando-se a sinais externos. Ritmos biológicos não são simplesmente uma resposta às mudanças de 24 horas no ambiente físico impostas pela rotação da Terra sobre o seu próprio eixo, ao contrário, surgem a partir de um sistema de cronometragem endógeno. No teleósteo Danio rerio, ainda não foi identificada a presença de uma região que atue como relógio central; alguns estudos têm evidenciado a existência de células e tecidos que contêm relógios circadianos autônomos, fotossensíveis, comprovando um outro tipo de regulação dos ritmos circadianos onde a percepção do ambiente e o ajuste do período circadiano são efetivados diretamente em nível celular. As consequências deletérias do aumento da temperatura são impedidas, em certa medida, por uma resposta adaptativa que assegura a sobrevivência celular na presença de calor. Esta via de sobrevivência ativada por calor, conhecida como resposta ao choque térmico, é composta por uma cascata de eventos que conduzem à indução de proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) que minimizam a lesão celular aguda. Acredita-se que os sistemas de percepção dos ciclos diários de temperatura e luminosidade sofreram as mesmas pressões seletivas em sua co-evolução, resultando em sua associação. As bases da sensação térmica estão em um grupo de canais altamente conservados, presente em todos os metazoários estudados até o momento e envolvidos em uma série de modalidades sensoriais, os canais de potencial receptor transiente (TRP); os que respondem a estímulos térmicos foram agrupados em uma subfamília e denominados termoTRPs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência do pulso de temperatura (33 ºC) na expressão de genes de relógio e de proteínas de choque térmico, bem como o papel do canal TRPV1, em células embrionárias de blástula de Danio rerio, denominadas ZEM-2S, submetidas a escuro constante (DD) ou ciclos claro-escuro (LD 12:12). Através de PCR em tempo real (quantitativo) demonstrou-se que as células ZEM-2S expressam os genes dos seguintes canais TRP: trpA1a, trpA1b, trpV1/2, trpV4, trpC6, trpM2, trpM4a, trpM4b/c e trpM5. Após um pulso de temperatura, observou-se um aumento no transcrito de hsp90 aa1 em células mantidas tanto em DD como em LD, sendo a expressão de hsp90 aa1 em LD, no ponto uma hora, duas vezes menor quando comparada a sua expressão no mesmo ponto temporal em DD. O pulso de temperatura não promoveu efeito em nenhum dos genes do relógio estudados (bmal1a, bmal1, bmal2, cry1a, cry1b, per1, per2) quando as células foram mantidas em DD. Porém, o transcrito de per2 aumentou em resposta ao pulso de temperatura quando as células foram sincronizadas pelos ciclos claro-escuro. A inibição do canal TRPV1 não alterou o efeito induzido pelo pulso de temperatura na expressão do gene hsp90 aa1 em células ZEM-2S mantidas em DD. Por outro lado, nossos dados permitem afirmar que o mesmo participa parcialmente na indução do aumento da expressão do gene per2 pelo estímulo térmico em células mantidas em LD, tendo em vista um decaimento significativo na resposta deste gene. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho abrem uma nova perspectiva sobre a investigação da relação temperatura e genes de relógio, colocando um novo “ator” na regulação deste fenômeno: o canal TRPV1Temporal adaptation is essential for the survival of species which need to coordinately adjust their physiology and behavior to external signals. Biological rhythms are not just a response to the 24 hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the rotation of the Earth around its own axis, but they arise from an endogenous timing system. In the teleost Danio rerio, there has not been identified so far a region in the nervous system that could act as a central clock; some studies have reported the existence of cells and tissues which contain photosensitive, autonomous circadian clocks, demonstrating the existence of another type of circadian rhythm regulation in which environment perception and entrainment of the circadian period are directly effected at cell level. The deleterious consequences of temperature increase are prevented by an adaptive response which assures cell survival in the presence of heat. This survival pathway activated by heat, known as response to temperature shock, is signaled by a cascade of events leading to the induction of thermal shock proteins (HSPs) which attenuate the acute cell lesion. It is believed that the systems perceiving temperature and light daily cycles were subject to the same selective pressures during their co-evolution, resulting in their association. The base of thermal sensation is a family of highly conserved channels, present in all metazoans studied to date, and involved in a variety of sensorial modalities, the transient receptor potential channels (TRP); those responding to thermal stimuli were grouped in a sub-family named thermo-TRPs. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of a temperature pulse (33 ºC) on the expression of clock and heat shock protein genes, as well as the role of TRPV1 channel, in blastula embryonic cells of Danio rerio, named ZEM-2S, subject to constant dark (DD) or light-dark cycles (LD). Using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that ZEM-2S cells express genes for the following TRP channels: trpA1a, trpA1b, trpV1/2, trpV4, trpC6, trpM2, trpM4a, trpM4b/c and trpM5. After the pulse of temperature, we observed an increase of hsp90 aa1 transcripts in DD as well as in LD; hsp90 aa1 expression 1 hour after the stimulus was two-fold lower in LD than in DD. Temperature pulse did not affect the expression of any of the studied clock genes (bmal1a, bmal1, bmal2, cry1a, cry1b, per1, per2), when the cells were kept in DD. However, per2 transcript increased in response to the temperature pulse when the cells were synchronized by light-dark cycles. Inhibition of TRPV1 channel did not change the effect induced by the temperature pulse on hsp90 aa1 in ZEM-2S cells kept in DD. On the other hand, our data suggest that this channel participates, at least partially, in the temperature-induced increase of per2 in cells maintained in LD, as indicated by the significant decay observed in the gene response in the presence of the inhibitor. Our results open new investigative perspective about the relationship between temperature and clock genes, placing a new “actor” in the regulation of the phenomenon: the TRPV1 channel
Books on the topic "Genus Canis"
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William, Jardine, and Charles Hamilton Smith. Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus Canis of Authors. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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William, Jardine, and Charles Hamilton Smith. Natural History of Dogs : Canidae or Genus Canis of Authors; Including Also the Genera Hyaena and Proteles: 2. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Genus Canis"
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SHELDON, JENNIFER W. "Genus Canis." In Wild Dogs, 22–61. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-639375-0.50009-2.
Full text
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Buskirk, Steven W. "Population ecology." In Carnivoran Ecology, 173–92. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863249.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Carnivorans differ from other mammals in some aspects of their population ecology. Carnivorans tend to die from proximate causes that differ from herbivores. Unsurprisingly, they die less from predation and more from interspecific killing than do herbivores. Carnivoran demography has made slow progress because most carnivoran reproduction occurs in protected dens or cavities hidden from view. Dates of parturition, litter sizes, and neonatal survival are difficult to estimate. Relatively few carnivoran species are known well enough to submit to matrix demographic modeling. Most of those are large-bodied species of conservation concern. Carnivorans have larger home ranges, disperse longer distances, and can return to their home ranges (homing) from longer distances than can herbivores, adjusting for body size. Seasonal migration is relatively uncommon for terrestrial carnivorans, in part because of the demands of territory maintenance, as well as challenges of raising altricial neonates. Pinnipeds undergo dramatic seasonal migrations, covering thousands of kilometers of ocean. Landscape genetics connects movement ecology to evolution, and carnivorans show a wide range of population-genetic patterns, including panmixia, isolation by distance, isolation by barrier, and isolation by ecology. Hybridization occurs across named carnivoran species, especially within Genus Canis. Deep introgression between nominal taxa is less common, but some cases involve domestic–wild crosses that have conservation implications. Carnivorans display life histories that do not differ markedly in their variety from those of herbivores. They display a remarkable range of social and mating systems. Many examples of microevolution in carnivorans involve character displacement of body size.
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Macdonald, D. W., and O. Courtenay. "Wild and domestic canids as reservoirs of American visceral leishmaniasis in Amazonia." In Mammals as Predators, 465–79. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540670.003.0024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Leishmaniasis remains one of the great protozoological scourges of mankind and occurs, in its various forms, throughout most of tropical and subtropical America, Africa, India, parts of Eastern Asia, Central Asia, the Mediterranean basin and some neighbouring European countries. The causative agents are species of the protozoan genus Leishmania (Kineto plastida: Trypanosomatidae), and the vectors, with no known exception, are phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). Cutaneous leishmaniasis may cause considerable mutilation, and the mucocutaneous form can totally destroy the tissues of the nose, palate and pharynx. The visceral disease is very frequently fatal, unless treated, and largely affects children younger than 15 years.
Conference papers on the topic "Genus Canis"
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Masalkova, Yu Yu. "SPECIES COMPOSITION OF HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC CARNIVORES DETECTED IN THE SOIL OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE NORTHERN PART OF BELARUS." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.295-299.
Full textAbstract:
There are not so many comprehensive studies for helminthological contamination
of urbanized environment of the northern part of Belarus with eggs of helminths
of carnivores including domestic ones. The routine examination for environmental
contamination by helminth eggs carried out by the Sanitary and Epidemiological
Services is limited to foci of incidence in humans. This determines the need for
constant monitoring of parasitic contamination of environmental objects on
urbanized territories of the northern part of Belarus. The article contains data on
the species diversity of helminths in domestic carnivores found in the soil of the
selected area. 813 soil samples were taken and analyzed. Twelve helminth genera
were identified, namely, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris spp., E. granulosus, Taenia spp.,
Dipylidium spp., Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichocephalus
spp., Capillaria spp., Mesocestoides sp., and Alaria sp., which belong to three classes,
Trematoda, Cestoda, and Nematoda. The highest prevalence in both urban and
rural areas was observed for representatives of the genus Toxocara. The helminth
species diversity in urban areas exceeded that in rural areas. The found species were
represented by bio- and geohelminths. Eight of the species found belong to the group
of zoonotic helminths: T. canis, T. leonina, D. caninum, A. caninum, U. stenocephala,
T. vulpis, E. granulosus, and A. alata.
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Kipen, V. N., and E. V. Snytkov. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR IN SILICO GENOTYPING — VALIDATION ON SEQUENCING RESULTS FOR CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS *." In OpenBio-2023. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-5.
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Fonseca, Cláudia Toscano, Felipe Torres Costa Silva, and Marcela Paulina Barbosa. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE CINCO GENES COM EXPRESSÃO DIFERENCIAL SIGNIFICATIVA NA FASE MEIÓTICA DA ESPERMATOGÊNESE." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biologia Molecular On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/3154.
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Introdução: A espermatogênese é um processo cíclico formado por três fases: espermatogonial ou mitótica; espermatocitária ou meiótica e espermiogênica ou fase de diferenciação. Cada uma delas requer a atuação de diferentes agrupamentos de transcritos, envolvendo a ativação e o silenciamento de diferentes genes. As técnicas de macro e micro arranjo são úteis na elucidação destes agrupamentos, contribuindo para a análise simultânea da expressão de vários genes. Devido à grande produtividade e à facilidade de acesso aos órgãos produtores dos gametas masculinos, temos na espermatogênese um bom modelo para o estudo dos genes relacionados ao controle do ciclo celular e com a gametogênese masculina, incluindo aqueles relacionados, especificamente, com fase meiótica. Objetivos: Visamos revelar a identidade de cinco genes selecionados de uma biblioteca de cDNA de células germinativas masculinas, que em trabalho prévio demonstraram-se cruciais na promoção da fase meiótica da espermatogênese. Material e métodos: Identificamos, através da contraposição com os bancos de dados das plataformas: BLASTn e GerOnline, cinco sequências gênicas, selecionadas de um trabalho desenvolvido previamente, que demonstraram modificar sua expressão em mais de 10 vezes na fase meiótica da espermatogênese. Resultados: Das cinco sequências analisadas, três mostraram superexpressão: CBFA2T3, repressor gênico; COA1, proteína da membrana mitocondrial interna reconhecidamente importante no processo de obtenção de energia, vem sendo relacionada, também, com a proliferação celular e PHF7, regulador da transcrição gênica. Duas, ao contrário, mostraram-se reprimidos: PEX11B, proteína formadora de canais em membrana em peroxissomas e CSGALNACT1, enzima envolvida na síntese de sulfato de condroitina, molécula que tanto pode formar proteoglicanas de matriz quanto podem participar da recepção de citocinas na membrana celular. Conclusão: Apenas o somatório das contribuições obtidas através de diferentes estudos experimentais poderá criar um panorama de expressão gênica próximo da realidade de cada fase do processo espermatogênico. Ainda assim, cada contribuição é importante para o avanço no entendimento da progressão do ciclo celular, bem como para explicar diversas patologias que podem levar à infertilidade e também ao câncer.
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Machado, Ana Sofia, Maria Vieira-Coelho, Alexandra Sousa, Vânia Rocha, and Miguel Bragança. "EXPLORACIÓN DE BIOMARCADORES EPIGENÓMICOS RELACIONADOS CON LA ESQUIZOFRENIA EN EL TRASTORNO PSICÓTICO INDUCIDO POR CANNABIS." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021o002.
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Objetivos: El trastorno psicótico inducido por cannabis (CIP) es cada vez más frecuente sin embargo no tiene una intervención terapéutica dirigida ni específica. La CIP puede tener una evolución aguda benigna o evolucionar a un trastorno psicótico funcional crónico como la Esquizofrenia (SZE). A pesar de que los estudios en animales proporcionan evidencia de que el cannabis desencadena mecanismos epigenéticos que interfieren con el desarrollo de procesos neurológicos y el uso de cannabis se considera un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de SZE, la información sobre la epigenética de la psicosis inducida por cannabis es escasa. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la presencia de mecanismos epigenéticos en genes relacionados con la SZE en pacientes con un trastorno psicótico inducido por cannabis y determinar la estabilidad de los marcadores epigenéticos con el tratamiento habitual frente a la intervención con psicoterapia grupal. Material y métodos: Proponemos un ensayo de diseño mixto que incluirá un grupo de pacientes con Trastorno por Consumo de Cannabis (CUD) y un grupo de pacientes con CUD y CIP. En la línea de base habrá una evaluación inicial con una entrevista clínica extensa para identificar factores ambientales específicos, evaluar síntomas negativos y positivos, estado cognitivo y funcional y consumo de cannabis y con recolección de muestras de sangre para análisis de cambios epigenéticos. Un grupo seleccionado de pacientes se inscribirá en psicoterapia grupal CANDIS. Esto se repetirá a los 12 meses junto con un nuevo análisis epigenético. Resultados y conclusiones: Este estudio nos ayudará a comprender la relación entre el cannabis y la psicosis. Además, esperamos identificar factores de riesgo ambientales y clínicos para el desarrollo de la psicosis con el consumo de cannabis y / o la evolución clínica a un trastorno psicótico crónico, así como, otros fatores para mejorar el tratamiento de estos pacientes.
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Lameira, Regiany Calazans, ELIZETH MIYASHIRO ALEXANDRE MARQUES, WILMA LÚCIA MARQUES STIVAL PINA, THOMAS ANTÔNIO MACHADO DOS SANTOS, and IKLEZIA HENRIQUE PEREIRA MARTINS MARINHO. "ANÁLISE GENÉTICA E IMUNOLÓGICA DA ESCLEROSE LATERAL AMIOTRÓFICA." In I Congresso Nacional de Pesquisas e Estudos Genéticos On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/geneticon/9128.
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Introdução: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa que gera fraqueza e atrofia muscular por comprometimento dos neurônios motores. Apresenta-se de forma hereditária ou esporádica com incidência rara de 2/100.000 pessoas ao ano. A maioria das pessoas acometidas pela doença possuem mais de 50 anos, com média de sobrevida de 2 a 5 anos. Seu mecanismo fisiopatológico se dá por um conjunto de alterações bioquímicas e celulares que induzem a degeneração dos motoneurônios. O diagnóstico baseia-se na anamnese do paciente, exames neurofisiológicos de imagem, laboratoriais e genéticos. Não há cura para a doença, por isso, o tratamento é sintomatológico e visa melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. Objetivo: Compreender a etiopatogenia em relação aos aspectos genéticos e imunológicos que desencadeiam a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica de artigos sobre a ELA encontrados nas plataformas digitais Google Acadêmico, Scielo e pelo Sistema de informação do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: A ELA esporádica possui um mecanismo etiopatogênico multifatorial, destacando-se, a excitotoxicidade do neurotransmissor glutamato. Já a ELA familiar segue um padrão de herança autossômica dominante, identificando mutações em 16 locus, sendo os mais comuns nos genes C9orf72 e SOD1. O gene SOD1 codifica a enzima superóxido dismutase podendo ser correlacionada a autoimunidade, assim como, sua participação na ELA pode ocorrer através de uma ação tóxica pelo acúmulo intracelular devido ao recrudescimento da ligação com a proteína ubiquitina, pela alteração de proteassomos, efeito amiloide e ocorrência de lesão secundária nas mitocôndrias. Portanto, estima-se que o sistema imunológico esteja ligado a doença, uma vez que vários autoanticorpos são encontrados na ELA, nos quais são direcionados, por exemplo, contra canais de cálcio e neurofilamentos. Conclusão: Assim, a ELA é uma doença neurodegenerativa relacionada a um fator genético, o qual sua expressão clínica relaciona-se com algum fator de exposição dessa pessoa, como um gatilho para o desenvolvimento degenerativo do motoneurônio. Além disso, tem causa multifatorial e apresenta expressiva visibilidade da mídia, do público, que acaba promovendo novos estudos.
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Silveira, Rodrigo Rabelo Dias, and Maria Teresa Prata Amaral. "VITAMINA D E SUA PARTICIPAÇÃO EM VIAS METABÓLICAS." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Bioquímica Humana On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/conbraqui/13.
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Introdução: A vitamina D, embora tenha sido designado esse nome, seria mais apropriado ser classificada como um pré-hormônio devido ao fato de que ela pode ser produzida no organismo, além de realizar diversas ações em diferentes sítios. A 1,25 (OH) 2D tem sua atuação por meio de receptores intracelulares, portanto, vai interferir sobre a transcrição gênica. Os receptores nos quais a vitamina D atua são identificados em quase todos os tecidos, esses receptores são chamados de VDR. Os principais locais de ações metabólicas da vitamina D são os órgãos em que ocorrem a maior parte das ativações do VDR, entre eles são listados os intestinos, rins, paratireoides e ossos. Devido a natureza apolar da 1,25 (OH) 2D vai estabelecer ligações com receptores intracelulares, ou seja, vai ter sua atuação sobre a transcrição gênica. A vitamina D tem papel fundamental sobre a absorção intestinal de cálcio. A partir do momento em que ocorre a ligação da 1,25 (OH) 2D ao VDR intestinal, vai haver a estimulação dos enterócitos, resultando em uma produção de diversas proteínas envolvidas na absorção intestinal do cálcio. Além de ter participação nos canais Ca2+ ATPase que realizam o transporte do cálcio do intestino para a corrente sanguínea. Objetivos: Esse trabalho objetiva demonstrar o mecanismo de ação da vitamina D, detalhando as características fisiológicas e bioquímicas de sua participação no metabolismo. Material e métodos: Artigo de revisão literária baseado em bibliografias, tendo como fonte SciELO e Google Acadêmico. A pesquisa foi realizada de 20/08/2021 à 16/01/2022. Resultados: As ações da 1,25 (OH) 2D são evidenciadas melhor em determinados locais, como nos intestinos, rins, paratireoide e ossos, apesar da existência de receptores VDR em toda a extensão corpórea, pois quando essas moléculas chegarem as células desses tecidos transportada pela DBP, poderão acontecer transcrições genéticas fundamentais para o organismo. Conclusão: A vitamina D possui ação intracelular, atuando na transcrição de mais de 2000 genes, tendo como principal benefício a regulação da absorção de cálcio e sendo essencial na prevenção de doenças, como a osteoporose.