Academic literature on the topic 'Gentamicin Physiological effect'

Background/Aim: Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity by damaging the kidneys due to high relative blood flow. In this study, the protective and therapeutic effects of CoQ10 and vitamin E on GM-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated. Methods: Fifty Wistar Albino rats were used as live material in this study, which were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 animals. These groups, and the treatment they received, were as follows: a) control group: Physiological saline (i.p) for 8 days, b) GM group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/i.p for 8 days, c) GM+CoQ10 group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/i.p+ CoQ10 10 mg/kg/day/ i.p for 8 days, d) GM+ Vit E group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/i.p+ Vit E 250 mg/kg /day/ip administrated for 8 days, and e) GM+CoQ10+Vit E group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/ip + CoQ10 10 mg/kg/day/ip + Vitamin E 250 mg/kg /day/ip for 8 days. Following the test period, urea, creatinine, K, Na, Cl, retinol, vitamin D, and vitamin E levels of the subjects were measured in plasma, while MDA, GSH, AOPP, nitrite, nitrates, CAT, SOD, and GPx activities were measured in kidney tissues. Results: A severe nephrotoxic effect of GM administration in rats were detected as part of this study. The administration of CoQ10 and vitamin E, alone or in combination, was not sufficient to repair the kidney damage at the histopathological level. However, the renal tissue enzyme levels, along with other related to oxidative stress and plasma biochemical parameter analyses, were found to have improved greatly with the administration of vitamin E. Conclusion: CoQ10 and vitamin E can be suggested as supplementary agents to gentamicin treatment to prevent cell degeneration in the kidney and ensure healing

Revision surgeries several years after the implantation of the prosthesis are unfavorable from the patient’s point of view as they expose him to additional discomfort, to risk of complications and are expensive. One of the factors responsible for the aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is the gradual degradation of the cement material as a result of working under considerable loads, in an aggressive environment of the human body. Contaminants present in the surgical field may significantly affect the durability of the bone cement and, consequently, of the entire bone-cement-prosthesis system. The paper presents the results of an analysis of selected mechanical properties of two medium-viscosity bone cements DePuy CMW3 Gentamicin and Heraeus Palamed, for the samples contaminated with saline and blood in the range of 1–10%. The results obtained for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were subjected to statistical analysis, which estimated the nature of changes in these parameters depending on the amount and type of contamination and their statistical significance.

Five isolates of luminous bacteria from aquatic organisms of the Azov and the Black Seas were isolated. The study of morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical properties showed that isolates M1 and M4 were the representatives of the species harveyi, and isolates Fb, Sh1, and B were the representatives of the species P. leiognathi. It was found that the strain P. leiognathi Sh1 was the most sensitive to zinc sulfate when studying its effect on allocated luminescent bacteria. The effective concentration that reduced the bioluminescent index (BLI) by 50% (EC50) for zinc sulfate, when exposed to the test strain, was 4,0 0,1 g/ml. Experimental data allowed to consider the strain P. leiognathi Sh1 to be the test-object for determining the antimicrobial activity of benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and ceftriaxone. The results of evaluating the effect of antibiotics on the test object, revealed that after 15 minutes of incubation, the BLI values decreased by 50% only in samples containing benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Their EC50 were 500.0, 283.0 and 28.5 g/ml respectively. It was found that the exposure of test-strain to all antibacterial agents demonstrated resulted in decrease in BLI by 100% as compared to the control values. Strain P. leiognathi Sh1 can be used as a test-object for determining the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics.

The current study describes the elaboration of a hybrid drug delivery platform for an intravesical application based on curcumin/gentamicin sulfate simultaneously loaded niosomes incorporated into thermosensitive in situ gels. Series of niosomes were elaborated via the thin film hydration method, evaluating the impact of non-ionic surfactants’, cholesterol’s, and curcumin’s concentration. The formulation composed of equimolar ratio of Span 60, Tween 60, and 30 mol% cholesterol was selected as the optimal composition, due to the high entrapment efficiency values obtained for both drugs, and appropriate physicochemical parameters (morphology, size, PDI, and zeta potential), therefore, was further incorporated into Poloxamers (407/188) and Poloxamers and chitosan based in situ gels. The developed hybrid systems were characterized with sol to gel transition in the physiological range, suitable rheological and gelling characteristics. In addition, the formed gel structure at physiological temperatures determines the retarded dissolution of both drugs (vs. niosomal suspension) and sustained release profile. The conducted microbial studies of selected niosomal in situ gels revealed the occurrence of a synergetic effect of the two compounds when simultaneously loaded. The findings indicate that the elaborated thermosensitive niosomal in situ gels can be considered as a feasible platform for intravesical drug delivery.

The interest in multifunctional biomaterials to be implanted are also able to release drugs that reduce pain and inflammation or prevent a possible infection has increased. Bioactive materials such as silica (SiO2) containing surface silanol groups contribute to the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in a physiological environment. Regarding biocompatibility, the spherical shape of particles is the desirable one, since it does not cause mechanical damage to the cell membrane. In this work, the synthesis of SiO2 microspheres was performed by the modified Stöber method and they were used for the biomimetic growth of HAp on their surface. The effect of the type of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyethylene glycol (PEG)), and heat treatment on the morphology and size of SiO2 particles was investigated. Monodisperse, spherical-shaped SiO2 microparticles with an average particle size of 179 nm, were obtained when using PEG (SiO2-PEG). The biomimetic growth of HAp was performed on this sample to improve its biocompatibility and drug-loading capacity using gentamicin as a model drug. Biomimetic growth of HAp was confirmed by FTIR-ATR, SEM-EDX and TEM techniques. SiO2-PEG/HAp sample had a better biocompatibility in vitro and gentamicin loading capacity than SiO2-PEG sample.

Skeletal muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) have been thoroughly investigated and already used in preclinical studies. However, therapeutic potential of MDSPCs isolated using preplate isolation technique for acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been evaluated. We aimed to characterize rat MDSPCs, compare them with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and evaluate the feasibility of MDSPCs therapy for gentamicin-induced AKI in rats. We have isolated and characterized rat MDSPCs and BM-MSCs. Characteristics of rat BM-MSCs and MDSPCs were assessed by population doubling time, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, and multipotent differentiation capacity. Gentamicin-induced AKI model in rat was used to examine MDSPCs therapeutic effect. Physiological and histological kidney parameters were determined. MDSPCs exhibited similar immunophenotype, stem cell gene expression, and multilineage differentiation capacities as BM-MSCs, but they demonstrated higher proliferation rate. Single intravenous MDSPCs injection accelerated functional and morphological kidney recovery, as reflected by significantly lower serum creatinine levels, renal injury score, higher urinary creatinine, and GFR levels. PKH-26-labeled MDSPCs were identified within renal cortex 1 and 2 weeks after cell administration, indicating MDSPCs capacity to migrate and populate renal tissue. In conclusion, MDSPCs are capable of mediating functional and histological kidney recovery and can be considered as potential strategy for AKI treatment.

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of two culture media on the production of in vitro embryos in alpacas (Vicugna pacos). The ovaries were transported at 10.52° C in 0.9% saline solution supplemented with gentamicin. The ovaries were transported at 10.52° C in 0.9% physiological saline solution supplemented with gentamicin. 492 ovaries were used throughout the experiment. 2142 oocytes of quality I, II and III were recovered. The oocytes were matured in vitro for 32 h and were subsequently fertilized (incubated for 18 h) with sperm obtained from the tail of the epididymis and selected with a 45/90 percoll gradient. Then, the presumed zygotes were denuded from the cumulus cells, to later be cultured in two culture media: synthetic oviductal fluid medium (SOFaa) and simple optimized potassium medium (KSOMaa) and incubated at 38.5 ° C, 5 % CO2, 5%, O2, and 90% relative humidity for 7 days. Morula and blastocyst rate evaluation was performed at the end of embryo culture. The morula rate at 7 days was 41.49 ± 10.52 and 41.51 ± 6.50% for KSOMaa and SOFaa, respectively (P <0.05). The blastocyst rate for the two culture media KSOMaa and SOFaa, was 14.08 ± 5.17 and 11.73 ± 5.69 %, respectively, and there were no statistical differences (P˃0.05). The embryonic quality in KSOMaa and SOFaa media did not show statistical differences. In conclusion, the KSOMaa and SOFaa culture medium can be used in the production of in vitro embryos of alpacas

Abstract Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early onset dementia characterized by progressive atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal lobes. FTD is highly heritable with mutations in progranulin accounting for 5–26% of cases in different populations. Progranulin is involved in endocytosis, secretion and lysosomal processes, but its functions under physiological and pathological conditions remains to be defined. Many FTD-causing non-sense progranulin mutations contain a premature termination codon (PTC), thus progranulin haploinsufficiency has been proposed as a major disease mechanism. Currently, there is no effective FTD treatment or therapy. Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that possess a less-known function to induce eukaryotic ribosomal readthrough of PTCs to produce a full-length protein. The aminoglycoside-induced readthrough strategy has been utilized to treat multiple human diseases caused by PTCs. In this study, we tested the only clinically approved readthrough small molecule PTC124 and 11 aminoglycosides in a cell culture system on four PTCs responsible for FTD or a related neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We found that the aminoglycosides G418 and gentamicin rescued the expression of the progranulin R493X mutation. G418 was more effective than gentamicin (~50% rescue versus &lt;10%), and the effect was dose- and time-dependent. The progranulin readthrough protein displayed similar subcellular localization as the wild-type progranulin protein. These data provide an exciting proof-of-concept that aminoglycosides or other readthrough-promoting compounds are a therapeutic avenue for familial FTD caused by progranulin PTC mutations.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at elucidating the physiological basis of bacterial antibiotic tolerance. By use of a combined phenotypic and gene knockout approach, exogenous nutrient composition was identified as a crucial environmental factor which could mediate progressive development of tolerance with markedly varied drug specificity and sustainability. Deprivation of amino acids was a prerequisite for tolerance formation, conferring condition-specific phenotypes against inhibitors of cell wall synthesis and DNA replication (ampicillin and ofloxacin, respectively), according to the relative abundances of ammonium salts, phosphate, and nucleobases. Upon further depletion of glucose, this variable phase consistently evolved into a sustainable mode, along with enhanced capacity to withstand the effect of the protein synthesis inhibitor gentamicin. Nevertheless, all phenotypes produced during spontaneous nutrient depletion lacked the sustainable, multidrug-tolerant features exhibited by the stationary-phase population and were attributed to complex interaction between starvation-mediated metabolic and stress protection responses on the basis of the following reasons: (i) the nutrition-dependent tolerance characteristics observed suggested that adaptive biosynthetic mechanisms could suppress but not fully avert tolerance under transient starvation conditions; (ii) formation of specific phenotypes could be inhibited by suppressing protein synthesis prior to nutrient depletion; (iii) bacteriostatic drugs produced only weak tolerance in the absence of starvation signals; and (iv) the attenuation of the stringent and SOS responses, as well as the functionality of other putative tolerance determinants, including rpoS, hipA, glpD, and phoU, could alter the induction requirement and drug specificity of the resultant phenotypes. These data reveal the common physiological grounds characteristic of starvation responses and the onset of antibiotic tolerance in bacteria.

Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). In this study, we verified the effectiveness of amikacin or gentamicin and ascorbic acid (AA) co-therapy in eliminating uropathogenic cells, as well as searched for the molecular basis of AA activity by applying chromatographic and fluorescent techniques. Under simulated physiological conditions, a combined activity of the antibiotic and AA supported the growth (threefold) of the P. mirabilis C12 strain, but reduced catheter colonization (≤30%) in comparison to the drug monotherapy. Slight modifications in the phospholipid and fatty acid profiles, as well as limited (≤62%) 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, corresponding to the hydroxyl radical level, allowed for the exclusion of the hypothesis that the anti-biofilm effect of AA was related to membrane perturbations of the C12 strain. However, the reduced (≤20%) fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide, as a result of a decrease in membrane permeability, may be evidence of P. mirabilis cell defense against AA activity. Quantitative analyses of ascorbic acid over time with a simultaneous measurement of the pH values proved that AA can be an effective urine acidifier, provided that it is devoid of the presence of urease-positive cells. Therefore, it could be useful in a prevention of recurrent CAUTIs, rather than in their treatment.

There is a significant current need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the side-effects caused by widely-used pharmaceuticals. Examples include the acute nephrotoxicity and irreversible ototoxicity promoted by the cationic drugs gentamicin and cisplatin. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the prevention and treatment of life-threatening gram-negative bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and meningitis. Cisplatin is used to treat a broad spectrum of cancers including head and neck, ovarian, cervical, stomach, bladder, sarcoma, lymphoma, testicular cancer and others. The objective of this study is to design and synthesize rhodamine derivatives that can be used for the construction of geometrically well-defined cationic drug conjugates. The long-term goal is to use the conjugates as tools to aid in elucidating the properties and identities of ion channels involved in the uptake of cationic pharmaceuticals into kidney and cochlear hair cells. This will shed light on the origin and potential prevention of unwanted side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity associated with specific cationic drugs. A series of extended rhodamine analogs with reactive groups for biomolecule conjugation has been synthesized. These fluorophores show similar spectral properties to their prototype, Texas Red succinimidyl ester (TR-SE). However, they contain rigid linkers between the fluorophore and amine-reactive moiety. The resultant gentamicin conjugates of these materials are rigidified enabling one to assess channel pore dimensions without the confounding issue of conjugate folding. Preliminary cell studies are promising, as one observes reduced gentamicin uptake in both kidney and sensory hair cell upon systematically increasing the dimension of the fluorophore. This work has enabled us to tentatively assign the maximum dilated MET channel pore size as between 1.44 nm to 1.56 nm. However, this preliminary finding, though encouraging, needs further validation via ongoing studies with larger diameter fluorophore conjugates, A cisplatin-Texas Red conjugate has also been synthesized to enable studies of cellular uptake mechanisms. This conjugate preserves not only the spectral properties of Texas Red after conjugation, but also the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. This has been validated in zebrafish. The series of rhodamine probes that have been conjugated to gentamicin should be similarly useful for cisplatin studies. These studies are planned. Additional future work includes the synthesis of semi-flexible (glycol) and flexible (alkyl) linkers to evaluate structure-activity relationships.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000749218.pdf: 1017688 bytes, checksum: 4223bbf012271b042bc6f6dc3a3fa8fb (MD5)
O presente estudo comparou a eficácia “in vitro” e “in vivo” da cefoperazona sódica, gentamicina e ciprofloxacino no tratamento intramamário de casos de mastite clínica bovina. Foram utilizadas 30 vacas com mastite clínica, não sistêmica, divididas em três grupos de dez animais. Em cada grupo foi utilizado um dos antimicrobianos citados, para o tratamento convencional da mastite (três aplicações a cada 12 horas) e o tratamento estendido (seis aplicações a cada 12 horas). Os principais micro-organismos isolados dos quartos mamários com mastite foram Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococus spp., Streptocccus spp. e enterobactérias. A eficácia da cura clínica do tratamento convencional foi de 50% para o grupo tratado com cefoperazona sódica, 70% para o grupo tratado com gentamicina e 50% para o grupo tratado com ciprofloxacino. Para os mesmos grupos, a eficácia da cura clínica do tratamento estendido foi 90%, 100% e 80%, respectivamente. A eficácia da cura bacteriológica foi de 100% para o grupo tratado com cefoperazona sódica e de 90% para os grupos utilizando a gentamicina e ciprofloxacino no tratamento convencional. Para os mesmos grupos, foi observado 100% de cura bacteriológica para a gentamicina e 90% para os grupos com cefoperazona sódica e ciprofloxacino no tratamento estendido. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (P>0,01) para a cura clínica e cura bacteriológica dentro de cada grupo e entre os grupos de antimicrobianos, tampouco entre os tratamentos convencional e estendido dentro do mesmo grupo ou entre os grupos. Os resultados do presente estudo reforçam a importância da lactocultura e do teste de sensibilidade microbiana “in vitro” como respaldo para os tratamentos intramamários de vacas com mastite clínica. Inferiu-se também a boa eficácia na cura clínica e bacteriológica da cefoperazona sódica, gentamicina e ciprofloxacino no tratamento ...
This study compared the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin for the intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis in cows. Thirty cows suffering from non-systemic, clinical mastitis were divided into three groups of ten animals each. One of the above mentioned antibiotics was used in each group for conventional (i.e., three administrations of the drug, each 12 hours) and extended (i.e., six administrations of the drug, each 12 hours) treatments of mastitis. The most common microorganisms isolated from cows were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococus spp., Streptocccus spp. and enterobactéria. The efficacy of clinical cure of the conventional treatment was 50%, 70% and 50% for the groups treated with sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Regarding the extended treatment, efficacy was 90%, 100% and 80%, for sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Efficacy of bacteriological cure was 100% for sodium cefoperazone, and 90% for both gentamicin and ciprofloxacin using the conventional treatment. By using the extended treatment, efficacy of bacteriological cure was 100% for gentamicin and 90% for both cefoperazone and ciprofloxacin. Statistical differences (p>0.01) were not found in clinical or in bacteriological cure into the same group or among groups. Similarly, statistical differences between the conventional and extended treatments were not found. The results from this study reinforce the importance of performing microbiological culture of milk and in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity tests for supporting the intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis in cows. The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin in lactating cows was also observed in both conventional and extended treatments provided the use of sensitivity tests in vitro. Extended treatments should be used in selected cases of bovine mastitis

Orientador: Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
Banca: Antonio Carlos Paes
Banca: Geraldo Nardi Júnior
Resumo: O presente estudo comparou a eficácia "in vitro" e "in vivo" da cefoperazona sódica, gentamicina e ciprofloxacino no tratamento intramamário de casos de mastite clínica bovina. Foram utilizadas 30 vacas com mastite clínica, não sistêmica, divididas em três grupos de dez animais. Em cada grupo foi utilizado um dos antimicrobianos citados, para o tratamento convencional da mastite (três aplicações a cada 12 horas) e o tratamento estendido (seis aplicações a cada 12 horas). Os principais micro-organismos isolados dos quartos mamários com mastite foram Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococus spp., Streptocccus spp. e enterobactérias. A eficácia da cura clínica do tratamento convencional foi de 50% para o grupo tratado com cefoperazona sódica, 70% para o grupo tratado com gentamicina e 50% para o grupo tratado com ciprofloxacino. Para os mesmos grupos, a eficácia da cura clínica do tratamento estendido foi 90%, 100% e 80%, respectivamente. A eficácia da cura bacteriológica foi de 100% para o grupo tratado com cefoperazona sódica e de 90% para os grupos utilizando a gentamicina e ciprofloxacino no tratamento convencional. Para os mesmos grupos, foi observado 100% de cura bacteriológica para a gentamicina e 90% para os grupos com cefoperazona sódica e ciprofloxacino no tratamento estendido. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (P>0,01) para a cura clínica e cura bacteriológica dentro de cada grupo e entre os grupos de antimicrobianos, tampouco entre os tratamentos convencional e estendido dentro do mesmo grupo ou entre os grupos. Os resultados do presente estudo reforçam a importância da lactocultura e do teste de sensibilidade microbiana "in vitro" como respaldo para os tratamentos intramamários de vacas com mastite clínica. Inferiu-se também a boa eficácia na cura clínica e bacteriológica da cefoperazona sódica, gentamicina e ciprofloxacino no tratamento ...
Abstract: This study compared the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin for the intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis in cows. Thirty cows suffering from non-systemic, clinical mastitis were divided into three groups of ten animals each. One of the above mentioned antibiotics was used in each group for conventional (i.e., three administrations of the drug, each 12 hours) and extended (i.e., six administrations of the drug, each 12 hours) treatments of mastitis. The most common microorganisms isolated from cows were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococus spp., Streptocccus spp. and enterobactéria. The efficacy of clinical cure of the conventional treatment was 50%, 70% and 50% for the groups treated with sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Regarding the extended treatment, efficacy was 90%, 100% and 80%, for sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Efficacy of bacteriological cure was 100% for sodium cefoperazone, and 90% for both gentamicin and ciprofloxacin using the conventional treatment. By using the extended treatment, efficacy of bacteriological cure was 100% for gentamicin and 90% for both cefoperazone and ciprofloxacin. Statistical differences (p>0.01) were not found in clinical or in bacteriological cure into the same group or among groups. Similarly, statistical differences between the conventional and extended treatments were not found. The results from this study reinforce the importance of performing microbiological culture of milk and in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity tests for supporting the intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis in cows. The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of sodium cefoperazone, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin in lactating cows was also observed in both conventional and extended treatments provided the use of sensitivity tests in vitro. Extended treatments should be used in selected cases of bovine mastitis
Mestre