Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Genotype VII'
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Boshoff, CI, ADS Bastos, LJ Gerber, and W. Vosloo. "Genetic characterisation of African swine fever viruses from outbreaks in southern Africa (1973–1999)." Veterinary Microbiology, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000793.
Full textKaser, Georg [Verfasser]. "Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation beim leichten hereditären Faktor-VII-Mangel / Georg Kaser." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043699643/34.
Full textCampbell, Craig Thomas. "Production of synthetic genotypes of Brassica juncea via somatic and sexual hybridization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23920.pdf.
Full textFaria, Priscila Neves. "Utilização de técnicas multivariadas na análise da divergência genética via modelo AMMI com reamostragem \"bootstrap\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-24102012-151959/.
Full textIn studies of genetic diversity using multivariate approaches, the Euclidean distance is the most common measure used. This method is recommended when data are scores of principal components, such as in AMMI analysis (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis). The AMMI method allows obtaining more precise estimates for genotypic results and also permits the use of genetic diversity analysis by using agglomerative approaches. Furthermore, this method combines additive components for the main effects (genotypes and environments) and multiplicative components for genotypes x environment interaction effects in a unique model. Plant breeders understand the importance of genotype and environment interaction to obtain superior varieties and the dissimilarity estimation meets breeders\" objectives since it quantifies and determines the similarity or the divergence between pairs of individuals. However, when the number of individuals is large it is unfeasible to recognize the group homogeneity by using a visual analysis of the distances estimation. Therefore, is important to use cluster analysis to obtain dendograms based on hierarchical methods and then analyze the groups obtained. In order to determine and classify the obtained groups from hierarchical cluster analysis specifics commands in the R software were used which shows in the dendrogram rectangles and numbers for each group. In this way, the objective of this work was to analyze the genetic divergence through AMMI model, by using multivariate approaches and \"bootstrap\" resampling.
Salomon, Marcus Vinicius. "Trigo: avaliação de linhagens diaplóides obtidas via cultura de anteras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-12082002-140835/.
Full textThirty six dihaploid wheat lines, originated via anther culture from F1 hybrid plants were evaluated in two trials with eighteen lines plus two control cultivars (IAC-24 and IAC-289), in 1999 and 2000. Each trial was carried out in two locations of the State of São Paulo: trial I - Capão Bonito Agronomy Experiment Station (acid soil without lime application and upland condition) and Tatuí Agronomy Experiment Station (acid soil with lime application and sprinkler irrigation condition) and trial II - Monte Alegre do Sul and Tatuí Agronomy Experiment Station (both with acid soil with lime application and sprinkler irrigation condition). In each the genotypes were evaluated for lodging, plant height, cycle from emergence to flowering and from emergence to maturation, grain yield, resistance to disease, head length and yield components. All genotypes were also evaluated for aluminum toxicity tolerance, in nutrient solution, under laboratory condition. Considering trail I, the lines 4 (2.309 kg ha -1 ) and 5 (2.319 kg ha -1 ) originated from the cross PF70402/ALD'S'//PAT72160/ALD'S'/3/PEW'S'/4/OPATA/5/IAC-60, 9 (2.150 kg ha -1 ) from the cross MLR'S'/BUC'S'//BUC'S'/3/IAC-24, and the lines 11 (2.102 kg ha -1 ) e 12 (2.056 kg ha -1 ) from the cross TEPOCA/IAC-24, presented high grain yield. The line 13 (JUN/GEN//IAC-24) showed the shortest plants (53 cm). The lines 2, 4 and 18 originated from crosses JUN/GEN//IAC-24,PF70402/ALD'S'//PAT72160/ALD'S'/3/PEW'S'/4/OPATA/5/IAC-60 and TEPOCA/IAC-24, showed at the same time moderate resistance to the causal agents of leaf rust and leaf spot. All genotypes, with exception of the cultivar IAC-289 and the line 13 (JUN/GEN//IAC-24) , were considered tolerant to 10 mg L -1 Al 3+ , when evaluated in nutrient solutions. Considering trial II, the line 8 (ANA/IAC-24) and the cultivar IAC-289 presented high grain yield (3.311 e 3.341 kg ha -1 respectively). The line 3 (ANA/IAC-24//IAC-24) exhibited at the same time resistance to the causal agent of leaf rust, moderate resistance to the causal agent of leaf spot and immunity to the causal agent of powdery mildew. The lines 8 (ANA/IAC-24) and 14 (PF70402/ALDS//PAT72160/ALDS/3/PEWS/4/OPATA/5/IAC-60), also showed high tolerance to aluminum toxicity being associated to high grain yield, and so could be used in breeding programs with the objective to get cultivars for acid soils.
González, Vivallo Francisco Andrés. "Mecanismos fisiológicos de respuesta del genotipo de vid 140 Ruggeri al déficit de hierro y la presencia de bicarbonato en la solución nutritiva." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148003.
Full textLa clorosis férrica es uno de los principales problemas nutricionales que afectan a viñedos injertados sobre portainjertos híbridos de Vitis americana establecidos en zonas calcáreas, las cuales se caracterizan por la presencia de elevados contenidos de carbonato de calcio y bicarbonatos en los suelos. El presente trabajo evalúa, a nivel fisiológico y bioquímico, las respuestas del portainjerto de vid 140 Ruggeri a la presencia de bicarbonato, en condiciones de déficit de Fe en la solución nutritiva. Plantas del genotipo 140 Ruggeri fueron crecidas en condiciones hidropónicas, con dos niveles de Fe y bicarbonato (-Fe, +Fe; 0, 10 µM de Fe; -BIC, +BIC; 0 y 5mM de KHCO 3 respectivamente). Determinaciones de crecimiento y peso de la planta, índice SPAD y clorofila, fotosíntesis y conductancia estomática, pH de la solución, actividad enzimática de raíces (PEPC, MDH, CS, NADP + −IDH) y concentración de proteínas, concentración de ácidos orgánicos en raíces y líquido xilemático fueron realizadas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el genotipo de vid 140 Ruggeri cuando es sometido a un déficit directo de Fe, responde activamente disminuyendo el crecimiento del brote y la biomasa de la parte aérea, e incrementando la concentración de ácidos orgánicos y sus enzimas de síntesis en raíces. Además, el efecto del déficit de Fe directo se manifiesta mediante una reducción en el contenido de clorofila, la fotosíntesis neta y la conductancia estomática de las hojas. Por su parte, la presencia de bicarbonato en la solución nutritiva induce una reducción en el crecimiento del tallo y las feminelas, y un incremento en la biomasa radical. Adicionalmente, la presencia de bicarbonato incrementa la concentración de clorofila foliar, y la concentración de ácido tartárico en el líquido xilemático. Los resultados confirman la probabilidad de que la presencia de bicarbonato en la solución nutritiva contribuye a mitigar el efecto del estrés en las plantas sometidas a déficit de Fe. Lo anterior se fundamenta en que, ante un déficit de Fe, las plantas cultivadas en presencia de bicarbonato muestran una menor actividad de la PEPC y concentración de ácido tartárico en raíces, asimilándose al control. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el genotipo tolerante al déficit de Fe 140 Ruggeri responde con mecanismos correspondientes a una planta de Estrategia I en condiciones limitantes de Fe. Además frente presencia de bicarbonato, presenta respuestas similares a la especie calcícola Parietaria diffusa como la reducción del crecimiento, mayor biomasa radical, y aumento de la concentración de ácidos orgánicos, sin embargo más investigaciones son necesarias para determinar con precisión el rol del bicarbonato en el metabolismo del portainjerto 140 Ruggeri.
Iron (Fe) chlorosis is one of the main nutritional disorders in vineyards grafted on Vitis americana hybrids rootstocks established in calcareous zones which are characterized by high levels of calcium carbonates and bicarbonates in the soil. The present work determine, at physiological and biochemical level, the responses of the grapevine rootstock 140 Ruggeri to the presence of bicarbonate under Fe deficiency conditions. The 140 Ruggeri plants were grown in hydroponic conditions, and were submitted to two levels of Fe and bicarbonate (-Fe, +Fe; 0, 10 µM de Fe; -BIC, +BIC; 0 y 5mM de KHCO 3, respectively). Determinations regarding the plants biomass and growth, chlorophyll content and SPAD value, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, nutrient solution pH, enzyme activity (PEPC, MDH, CS, NADP + −IDH) and protein concentration in roots and organic acids content in roots and xylem sap were done during the experiment. The results obtained indicate that the grapevine genotype 140 Ruggeri, when it was submitted to a direct Fe depletion in the nutrient solution, reacted reducing the length and biomass of the shoots, and increasing the organic acids concentration and the activity their related enzymes in roots. Moreover, Fe deficiency reduced the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthesis, and the stomatal conductance of the leaf. In addition, the presence of bicarbonate in the nutrient solution induced a reduction in the main and lateral shoots growth, and increased the root biomass. Moreover, the presence of bicarbonate increased the leaf chlorophyll content, and the tartaric acid concentration in the xylem sap. Data obtained confirm the probability that the presence of bicarbonate in the nutrient solution contributes to mitigate the stress in plants submitted to Fe deficiency. This is based on that, under Fe deficiency conditions, the plants grown under the presence of bicarbonate show a PEPC activity and tartaric acid concentration in roots similar to control plants. Such results, allow to conclude that the Fe deficiency tolerant genotype 140 Ruggeri reacts to Fe deficiency activating response mechanisms corresponding to a Strategy I plants. In addition, under the presence of bicarbonate, the genotype shows similar responses to Parietaria diffusa species, such as the growth reduction, the higher root biomass, and the root organic acids increase. However, more investigations are necessary to determine the role of bicarbonate in the 140 Ruggeri rootstock metabolism.
Alc?ntara, Diego Coimbra. "Intera??o gen?tipo x triptofano: lisina em codornas de corte via normas de rea??o." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1488.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Objetivou-se com este estudo, caracterizar a intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente em codornas de corte, alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes rela??es de triptofano:lisina, via normas de rea??o. Para realizar o experimento foram utilizadas duas linhagens de codornas de corte, LF1 e LF2. A ra??o fornecida no per?odo de crescimento, nascimento aos 21 dias de idade, continha uma rela??o de 0,20% de triptofano:lisina, e no per?odo final do crescimento, 22 a 35 dias, as codornas foram separadas em 5 tratamentos com as rela??es: 0,15; 0,20; 0,25; 0,30; 0,35% de triptofano:lisina. As aves foram pesadas aos 28 e 35 dias e abatidas aos 35 dias de idade. As caracter?sticas avaliadas foram os pesos pr?-abate, peso 28, peso 35, peso e rendimentos da carca?a, peito, coxa+sobrecoxa e as caracter?sticas de qualidade da carne. As an?lises foram realizadas utilizando modelos de regress?o aleat?ria considerando efeito fixo de sexo e o efeito aleat?rio gen?tico aditivo direto como fun??es das rela??es triptofano:lisina da dieta, admitindo-se homogeneidade de vari?ncia residual. Os resultados para desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e caracter?sticas de qualidade da carne indicam que o coeficiente de regress?o do intercepto (b0), foi maior que o coeficiente de regress?o aleat?rio (b1). A herdabilidade e a vari?ncia gen?tica aditiva foram influenciadas pelas diferentes rela??es triptofano:lisina da dieta. Houve intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente para as caracter?sticas rendimento de carca?a, rendimento de peito e rendimento de coxa+sobrecoxa. As caracter?sticas de qualidade da carne CRA, b*, c* e H* (LF1) e CRA, PPC, L* e H* (LF2) apresentaram intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente. A intera??o gen?tipo x ambiente observada para as caracteristicas de rendimento e qualidade da carne indicam que a sele??o seja feita na rela??o triptofano:lisina em que as codornas ser?o criadas.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
We animed of this experiment was to characterize the genotype x environment interaction in the production of meat quails, fed diets containing different tryptophan:lysine ratios, via reaction standards. Two lines of cutting quails, LF1 and LF2, were used to perform the experiment. The feed provided in the growing period, from birth to 21 days, contained a 0.20% tryptophan:lysine ratio and in the final growth period, from 22 to 35 days of age, quails were separated into 5 treatments containing the Ratios of 0.15; 0.20; 0.25; 0.30; 0.35% tryptophan: lysine. The birds were weighed at 28 and 35 days of age and slaughtered at 35 days of age. The evaluated characteristics were the pre-slaughter weights, weight 28, weight 35, weight and yields of the carcass, breast, thigh + sobrecoxa and the quality traitsof the meat. The analyzes were performed using random regression models considering fixed sex effect and direct additive genetic random effect as functions of the tryptophan:lysine ratios of the diet, assuming homogeneity of residual variance. The results for performance, carcass traitsand meat quality traitsindicate that the regression coefficient of the intercept (b0) was higher than the random regression coefficient (b1). Heritability and additive genetic variance were influenced by the different tryptophan:lysine ratios of the diet. There was no genotype x environment interaction for the traitsof carcass yield, yield of breast and yield of thigh + overcoat. The quality traits of the meat CRA, b *, c * and H * (LF1) and CRA, PPC, L * and H * (LF2) presented genotype x environment interaction. It is possible to conclude that for yield traitsthe selection can be made in the lowest tryptophan: diet lysine ratios. For meat quality traitsthe sensitivity of the values indicates that the selection must be made in the tryptophan:lysine ratio in which the quails will be created.
Kassi, Kondo. "Diversité génétique et sensibilité aux antifongiques d’isolats cliniques et environnementaux de Cryptococcus à Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3521/document.
Full textCryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the second opportunistic infection in HIV infected patients. It is the fourth cause of death due to infectious diseases in Africa with an annual mortality of 600,000. The yeasts responsible belong to the C. neoformans / Cryptococcus gattii species complex. Our study describes epidemiology and resistance to antifungal of environmental and clinical strains of Cryptococcus in Ivory Coast. The isolates are from an active list of 1,750 patients VIH positive and 667 samples taken in the living environment of patients. We demonstrate a high genotypic diversity within our cohort and the presence of several species of Cryptococcus in one sample from the same patient as well as in samples from patients follow up, which had never been shown in West Africa. We found that the recurrent cryptococcosis is caused by multiple infections by different strains over time. Our results describe also, for the first time, the isolation of Cryptococcus from pigeon droppings from Abidjan. And we notice that, as the genotypes of environmental and clinical isolates are very different, that excludes contamination of patients by pigeon droppings. Finally, most of the isolates were susceptible to reference antifungal but a patient might be contaminated by isolates with different susceptibility
Godoi, Débora Robert de. "Estabilidade em análise de agrupamento via modelo AMMI com reamostragem \"bootstrap\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-13112013-143342/.
Full textThe objective of this work is to propose a new interpretation methodology of clustering methods for vegetation data stability, using the AMMI and bootstrap methodology, to gain reliability in the clusters formed. The database used is from the Departament of Genetics of Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, aiming soybean yield. Firstly AMMI is applied, then the Euclidian distance matrix is estimated - based on the original data and on the acquired by the bootstrap method - for the application of clustering methods (nearest neighbor, furthest neighbor, average linkage, centroid , median and Ward). In order to assess the validity of clusters formed the cophenetic correlation coefficient is used, and the Mantel test, in order to show the empirical distribution of the cophenetic correlation coefficients. The clusters obtained by different methods are, in most cases, quite similar, indicating that in principle, any of these methods would be suitable for the representation. The method that presents discrepant results (for both the original and bootstrap method obtained data) - on the dendrogram graphical representation, compared to the others - is the Ward\'s. This study is promising in the analysis of validity of clusters formed in vegetation data.
Jourdan, Hélène. "Variabilité des traits d'histoire de vie en populations fragmentées : stratégies de reproduction chez le Pélodyte ponctué, Pelodytes punctatus (Anoure)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20057/document.
Full textPhenotypic variability tends to increase in temporally and spatially variable environments. This thesis deals with the variability of life-history traits in fragmented populations. In Mediterranean regions, Parsley frog, Pelodytes punctatus, breeds both in spring and in autumn, in response to temporal variations of its environment. I studied the origin and evolutionary consequences of its breeding strategies.Both breeding periods produce offspring (much more in autumn, though) and spring tadpoles suffer from intraspecific competition with older autumn tadpoles. Autumn laid juveniles are bigger and emerged sooner from the ponds. These developmental differences are not due to genetic differences between seasonal populations. They are explained by phenotypic plasticity in response to drastically different conditions. Even if it seems more favourable to breed in autumn, both strategies are maintained either by bet-hedging or pure opportunism.Besides, fragmentation, which increases with global changes, tends to reduce population effective size and increase genetic heterogeneity within populations. However, no inbreeding was found in the studied populations but a high family structure induced alleles/fitness correlations.Together, these results enlighten the variability of breeding strategies and larval traits in Parsley frog and indicate a high phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental variations
Honore, Stéphanie. "Apport du génotypage de souches de Toxoplasma gondii à l'épidémiologie et à la physiopathologie de la toxoplasmose, en particulier chez les patients immunodéprimés." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P139.
Full textRibeiro, Sandra. "Interação genótipo x ambiente via correlações genéticas entre rebanhos e normas de reação utilizando abordagem bayesiana em bovinos de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-12042010-101447/.
Full textThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the genotype by environment interaction effect on weaning weight, post-weaning weight and post-weaning weight gain in Nellore cattle. It were analyzed 58,032 records of weaning weight adjusted for 205 days (PD), 46,032 records of post-weaning weight adjusted for 550 days (PS) and 45,844 records of post-weaning weight gain adjusted for 345 days (GP), originated from three distinct herds. Those data were analyzed applying two different methods: in the first proceeding, the data set of the three herds separately and the data set composed by all herds in one was submitted to single-trait analysis, while a three-trait analysis considered the same trait as a distinct variables in different herds. The variance components were estimated by GIBBS2F90, under bayesian inference. The estimates given by the means of heritability coefficients for PD, PS and GP ranged from 0.09 to 0.24, 0.24 to 0.44 and 0.09 to 0.31, respectively. In the same sequence, the genetic correlation among the same traits in different environments varied from 0.88 to 0.93, 0.85 to 0.98 and 0.75 to 0.97. The correlation between sire\'s EPDs in the environments ranged from 0.97 to 0.99, 0.69 a 0.95 and 0.77 to 0.98 for PD, PS and GP, respectively. In the second method, a random regression model was performed in order to describe changes in breeding values as a function of the gradient environment, arranged by contemporary groups. The analyses were performed by INTERGEN, also under bayesian inference. The estimates of heritability coefficients for PD, PS and GP ranged 0.06 to 0.44, 0.19 to 0.63 and 0.20 to 0.40, respectively. The genetic correlation between level and slope of reaction norms were 0.75 for PD, 0.76 for PS and 0.34 for GP. The correlation between sire\'s breeding values in the environments ranged from - 0.38 to 0.99, 0.79 to 1.00 and 0.68 to 0.99 for PD, PS and GP, respectively. The results of both methods shown effect of genotype by environment interaction over the traits in herds included in this study, especially over the ranking of sires.
Silva, Maria Joseane Cruz da. "Imputação múltipla: comparação e eficiência em experimentos multiambientais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-08082012-143901/.
Full textIn trials of genotypes by environment, the presence of absent values is common, due to the quantity of insufficiency of genotype application, making difficult for example, the process of recommendation of more productive genotypes, because for the application of the majority of the multivariate statistical techniques, a complete data matrix is required. Thus, methods that estimate the absent values from available data, known as imputation of data (simple and multiple) are applied, taking into consideration standards and mechanisms of absent data. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of multiple imputations free of distributions (IMLD) (BERGAMO et al., 2008; BERGAMO, 2007), compared with the Monte Carlo via Markov chain method of multiple imputation (IMMCMC), in the absent units present in trials of genotype interaction (25)environment (7). This data is provisional of random tests in blocks with Eucaluptus grandis cultures (LAVORANTI, 2003), of which random percentages of withdrawals (10%, 20%, 30%) were performed, with posterior imputation of the considered methods. The results obtained for each method show that, the relative efficiency in both percentages were maintained above 90%, being less for environmental (4) when imputed with an IMLD. The general measure of exactness, the measures where higher absent data occurred, was larger when absent values with an IMMCMC was imputed, as for the IMLD method, the varied absent values were lower at 20% for random withdrawals. Among results found, it is of sum importance to take into consideration the fact that the IMMCMC method considers it to be an assumption of normality, as for the IMLD method, it does not consider any restriction on the distribution of data, not on mechanisms and absent standards, which is an advantage on imputations.
Wittkop, Linda. "Analyse statistique de l’impact des mutations génotypiques du VIH-1 sur la réponse virologique au traitement antirétroviral." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21748/document.
Full textGenotypic resistance mutations are a major concern for antiretroviral treatment optimisation in HIV-1 infected treatment naïve and treatment experienced patients. However, the analysis of the impact of genotypic mutations on treatment outcome is hampered by methodological issues such as the i) high number of possible mutations, ii) the potential collinearity between mutations, iii) the low number of patients included in those studies and iv) the definition of a virological endpoint. The objective of this thesis are 1) to give an overview and to discuss endpoints used in recent clinical trials in collaboration with European AIDS treatment network (NEAT) and those used in the context of drug resistance analysis, 2) to investigate the impact of genotypic resistance mutations on treatment outcome in treatment naïve patients in a huge European collaboration EuroCoord-CHAIN and 3) to compare methods adapted for high-dimensional data in order to construct a genotypic score to predict treatment outcome in treatment experienced patients. We saw that most of the endpoints used in recent clinical trials are composite endpoints but pure virological outcomes should be used for the evaluation of drug resistance mutations. Transmitted drug resistance mutations impact on virological outcome of initial antiretroviral therapy if the treatment of the patient is not adapted to the viral genotype the patient is harbouring. Principal component analysis and partial least square showed a good performance but had only a slightly better predictive capacity for a virologal outcome compared to the genotypic score. We continue working on the comparison of these and other methods using different endpoints in the context of a collaboration with the Forum for collaborative HIV research
Bourg, Salomé. "The evolution of mechanism underlying the allocation of resources and consequences on the shape of trade-offs in multicellular organisms." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1266.
Full textIn order to grow, survive or reproduce, all organisms need energy, usually acquired through diet. However, this food resource is present both in fluctuating and limited quantities in the environment, forcing living beings to compromise and thus to divide their energy between their different functions. These evolutionary compromises, visible at the scale of a population in the form of a negative relationship between traits, are called trade-off. Trade-offs have long been considered as the result of a differential resource allocation and as immutable. Therefore, allocating more energy to a trait such as survival necessarily reduces the amount that can be redistributed to other traits, such as fecundity or growth. It is noteworthy that the differential allocation of resources is a process regulated by an endocrine mechanism, itself genetically coded and thereby able to evolve. The aim of my PhD thesis was to understand, theoretically, (i) how the evolution of the endocrine mechanism impacts the shape of trade-offs and (ii) how the shape of trade-offs itself evolves.To do so, I first developed evolutionary models where the allocation of resources is governed by an endocrine system. This system can evolve under the effect of mutations that impact both the expression and the conformation of hormones and receptors constituting this endocrine system. Thanks to this model, I show that the negative relationships between traits can evolve and that their shape strongly depends on a parameter rarely considered: the cost of storage. In a second step, I studied the impact of temporal variability in food abundance on the endocrine mechanisms responsible for the differential allocation of resources.Lastly, my thesis project includes a component complementary to the theoretical part, which attempts to empirically test certain of the expressed predictions. I conducted an artificial selection experiment in which I controlled the topology of a fitness landscape, thus allowing to select combinations of traits not belonging to the phenotypic relationship usually observed. This experiment, implemented in Drosophila melanogaster for 10 generations, has shown that evolution can indeed occur in this context, thereby partially challenging our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the expression of phenotypic traits
Reis, Alexanda Dias. ""Incidência de doença de vias aéreas pelo vírus sincicial respiratório humano em coorte de recém nascidos do município de São Paulo: comparação de técnicas diagnósticas e caracterização molecular"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-18072006-095921/.
Full textThe incidence of respiratory illnesses caused by the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in a cohort of neonates between December 2002 and September 2005 was 9.84/1000 children/month. A total of 316 samples of nasopharyngeal lavage were processed using three different techniques (viral isolation, direct immunofluorescence and PCR) to detect the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Of these, 36 (11.4%) were positive for HRSV. PCR was the most sensitive technique. It was positive in 35 (11.1%) of the samples, followed by direct immunofluorescence (25/316, 7.9%) and viral isolation (20/315, 6.3%) (p < 0.001). The findings of this study suggest that the view that viral isolation is the "gold standard" for diagnosis of HRSV should be reconsidered.
Nguyen, Thuy. "Ultra-deep sequencing applications in virology research." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS282.
Full textThe two RNA viruses HIV and HCV are getting a lot of public health concerns because both of them have overlapping risk factors for transmission through direct blood and sexual contacts. Furthermore, HIV and HCV infections are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally due to related diseases. However, with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of HIV infection and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of HCV infection, patients infected by these viruses are witnessing significant improvement in their quality of life. However, the high replication rate and the lack of error correction mechanism of these viruses result in a diverse viral population referred to as quasispecies. Under drug- selective pressure, the viral quasispecies select resistance variants against corresponding drug and render the therapy ineffective especially in cases an appropriate treatment monitoring is not ensured.To reserve a wide range of possibilities for a life-long ART in HIV-infected patients and in parallel to reduce cost for treatment of both HIV and HCV infection, research focusing on detection, surveillance and transmission of resistance mutations is fundamental to prevent treatment failure on antivirals. In this PhD, we employed the ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to look for minority resistant variants (MiRVs) which are conventionally considered to represent less than 15%-25% of viral population and undetectable by Sanger sequencing. The presence of MiRVs at baseline is possibly responsible for the treatment failure and their presence at failure may limit options for subsequent therapies. In this PhD, we evaluated the prevalence and clinical impact of MiRVs on integrase gene in HIV-infected patients failing an integrase inhibitor containing regimen. We also evaluated the impact of MiRVs in HCV genotype 3 and genotype 4-infected patients failing DAAs. Furthermore, we used the UDS technique to identify and characterize the HCV transmission networks among a key population of men having sex with men either co-infected with HIV or at high risk of HIV acquisition. We also discovered several cases of mixed HCV genotype infections in this population probably for their high risk of multiple HCV exposures. The advantages of UDS in virology research and the applicability of this technique in clinic have been questioned and verified throughout multiple types of projects in this PhD. UDS has not been conclusively established to be more interesting and beneficial than Sanger sequencing in prevention of treatment failure in patients infected by HIV or HCV and in identifying the viral transmission networks at large scale if taking into account the experiment cost and time for data analysis. However, the dynamic development of UDS technologies and the continuing attempts in optimizing analysis procedures display a promising role of UDS. And the applicability of UDS in clinical practice still needs to be elucidated in different kinds of research projects
Lin, Wen-Hsiu, and 林玟秀. "Development of genotype VII NDV inactivated vaccine." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54349468844869355484.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
動物疫苗科技研究所
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Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1, is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, belongs to OIE List A, and causes a highly contagious respiratory, neurological, or enteric disease in chickens. Historically, NDV isolates have been classified into 10 genotypes (genotype I to X), based on the nucleotide sequences of fusion protein. The virulent live vaccine strains LaSota, B1 and the virulent inactivated vaccine strain Sato presently in worldwide use. In contrast, the LaSota, B1 and Sato vaccine strains were isolated some 60 years ago and belong to genotype II and III. Currently, genotype VII strains are the predominant virulent strains circulating and have recently been isolated in broiler, layer, and breeder farms worldwide. Although the different genotypes of NDV all belong to one serotype, it is still difficult to confer cross-protection under stressful environmental conditions. In this work, we have attenuated a field genotype VII strain by 39 serial passages through BHK-21 cells. The hemagglutination test (HA) reached 256, the MDT of NDV strains is higher than 159 hours, and the intracerebral pathogenicity indexes (ICPI) had decreased to 0. The attenuated strain, KGM-01, is then inactivated and mixed with oil adjuvants for vaccine evaluation. Safety, protective efficacy, stability of the vaccine was evaluated in eggs. Hemagglutination inhibition test showed that the inactivated vaccine elicited high antibody titer two weeks after immunization. In challenge tests, little virus shedding was detected using real-time PCR when challenged with the Sato strain and field type VII strains, and all chickens remained healthy. Thus, KGM-01 is a low virulent, type VII genotype strain with high antigenicity suitable for inactivated NDV vaccine development.
Pandarangga, Putri. "Molecular and Immunology Studies of Vaccinated Chickens with Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype II and Genotype VII." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/134201.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021
Doan, Phuong Thi Kim. "Transcriptome profiling of infected chickens with newly emerged genotype VI I Newcastle disease virus strains." Thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135616.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2022
Rocha, Isabella da. "Analysis of the mutational spectrum of the F7 gene and phenotypic implications." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/33594.
Full textA deficiência congénita de fator VII (FVIID) é o mais frequente dos distúrbios hemorrágicos autossómicos recessivos, compreendendo um amplo espectro molecular que se correlaciona com os níveis plasmáticos de FVII e, por vezes, um fenótipo de hemorragia. Estabelecer o significado clínico para uma variante é essencial para um diagnóstico eficiente resultando num melhor atendimento ao doente. Para isso, as variantes devem ser submetidas à mesma análise metodológica de classificação de variantes conforme as recomendações da American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Num grupo de 550 pacientes do centro de Portugal, diagnosticados com a deficiência de FVII ao longo de um período de 20 anos, entre fevereiro de 2001 e junho de 2021, no Laboratório de Hematologia Molecular - SHC / CHUC, foram analisados dados dos estudos funcionais e moleculares. Após avaliado o genótipo fenótipo das variantes identificadas no gene F7, em seguida as mesmas foram reclassificadas de acordo com as guidelines internacionais ACMG. Para alguns casos em que se verificou ser necessário, as análises moleculares foram efetuadas por meio de PCR, MLPA e sequenciação direta de Sanger. Nesta grupo, 404 doentes não relacionados (propósitos) tiveram níveis de FVII<60% quando comparado com os indivíduos saudáveis. Os indivíduos com níveis FVII:c<1% apresentaram variantes em homozigotia e foram descritos alguns casos letais. Foram também encontrados alguns casos raros como o de um doente duplo heterozigótico para deleção parcial do F7 e F10. Um total de 32 variantes raras no F7 foram encontradas num grupo de 185 indivíduos com polimorfismos e variantes patogénicas, sendo a maioria missense. Destas 32 variantes, onze foram consideradas novas, i.e., não descritas previamente. Este estudo permitiu disponibilizar o diagnóstico pré-natal quando solicitado. Todas as variantes foram reclassificadas de acordo com as guidelines internacionais ACMG, onde a maioria foi considerada patogénica ou provável patogénica. Concluímos que todas as informações encontradas nesse estudo foram de importância relevante para compreender o genótipo/fenótipo destes doentes e, assim, elucidar e desenvolver o conhecimento sobre a deficiência do FVII da população em Portugal. Este conjunto de procedimentos possibilitou um diagnóstico mais eficiente: analisar a gravidade da deficiência do FVII com maior precisão para uma abordagem terapêutica mais eficaz.
Mestrado em Bioquímica
Smith, Brad 1979. "Assessment of the Contemporary Population Structure and Admixture of Atlantic Swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) via Mixed Stock Analysis and Bayesian Clustering of Multiple Nuclear SNPS Genotyped through High Resolution Melting." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148241.
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