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Academic literature on the topic 'Génotoxines'
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Journal articles on the topic "Génotoxines"
Petit, Claude, Eric Oswald, and Jean-Philippe Nougayrede. "Rôle des génotoxines produites par des bactéries du microbiote dans le cancer colorectal." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2013, no. 456 (November 2013): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(13)72226-3.
Full textLe Curieux, F., F. Erb, and D. Marzin. "Identification de composés génotoxiques dans les eaux de boisson." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (April 12, 2005): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705333ar.
Full textBilger, Christine, Pierre Demerseman, and René Royer. "Synthèse de nouveaux réactifs génotoxiques, les dérivés nitrés d'anthrafurannes." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 22, no. 3 (May 1985): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570220324.
Full textThybaud, V. "Existe-t-il une dose seuil pour les effets génotoxiques ?" Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 73, no. 4 (September 2012): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2012.06.001.
Full textLe Curieux, F., S. Giller, D. Marzini, A. Brice, and F. Erb. "Utilisation de trois tests de génotoxicité pour l'étude de l'activité génotoxique de composés organohalogénés, d'acides fulviques chlorés et d'échantillons d'eau (non concentrés) en cours de traitement de potabilisation." Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705243ar.
Full textNougayrède, Jean-Philippe, and Éric Oswald. "Microbiote et cancer colorectal : des bactéries génotoxiques dans le tractus intestinal." Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 195, no. 6 (June 2011): 1295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4079(19)31989-2.
Full textQUILLARDET, P., and M. HOFNUNG. "Le SOS chromotest : des cellules bactériennes pour détecter et caractériser produits et radiations génotoxiques." Radioprotection 29, no. 4 (October 1994): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/1994005.
Full textSouguir, Dalila, Georg Hörmann, and Mohamed Hachicha. "Effets génotoxiques de l’irrigation à long-terme par des eaux usées traitées : cas du périmètre Cebala- Borj Touil." Journal of Applied Biosciences 139, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 14191. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v139i1.6.
Full textFerrari, L., O. Pecson-Laribi, P. Hartemann, M. A. Kerautet, I. Sari-Minodier, A. Tiberguent, C. Paris, and D. Zmirou-Navier. "Corrélation de données de multiexposition atmosphérique avec des tests génotoxiques : le cas des égoutiers de la ville de Paris." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 73, no. 3 (June 2012): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2012.03.267.
Full textFeunteun, J. "La prédisposition héréditaire au cancer du sein liée à BRCA1 et BRCA2 : une maladie de la réponse aux lésions génotoxiques ?" médecine/sciences 15, no. 1 (1999): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/1194.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Génotoxines"
Bossuet, Nadège. "Étude de la production de colibactine par Escherichia coli en fonction de la concentration en oxygène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30322.
Full textEscherichia coli is a common facultative anaerobic bacterium to the human intestinal microbiota. Some E. coli strains may carry the pks genomic island encoding a biosynthesis machinery producing a genotoxin called colibactin. The pks island is regulated by various environmental factors involved in the bacterium's metabolism, such as iron, carbon sources and polyamines. In the intestine, low oxygen concentration is a key factor contributing to the balance of microbial populations with a majority of strict anaerobic bacteria. E. coli pks are frequently associated with colorectal cancer tumours in which the colibactin mutational signature has been identified. Tumorigenesis is favoured by E. coli pks+ in an inflammatory context of the intestine. This negative effect could be due to a breakdown in intestinal anaerobiosis. The aim of my thesis was to determine whether colibactin production could be regulated by oxygen concentration. This hypothesis was supported by the previous observation of the sensitivity of a mutant of the colibactin resistance protein ClbS to oxygen-limited culture. My thesis work confirmed the role of oxygen in colibactin production by E. coli pks+, with production peaking in anoxia and decreasing with increasing oxygen concentration, resulting in reduced genotoxicity on eukaryotic cells. I also established that this oxygen-dependent regulation is carried out by the transcriptional regulator ArcA (Aerobic Respiration Control), which directly induces the clbB promoter. In conclusion, colibactin synthesis is positively regulated by ArcA activated by low oxygen concentrations. These results show that colibactin production is favoured in the hypoxic environment of the intestinal lumen, infected tissues and tumours. This regulation of production would confer an adaptive advantage in bacterial competition but would cause collateral damage to eukaryotic cells
Cuevas, Ramos Gabriel. "Effets génotoxiques des souches de Escherichia coli produisant la colibactine." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/940/.
Full textEscherichia coli (E. Coli) is a commensal bacterium that inhabits the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially the colon. Some E. Coli strains are pathogenic, infecting the GI tract, or extra-intestinal tissues. Up to 34% of commensal strains of phylogenetic group B2 and 53% of E. Coli strains isolated from extra-intestinal infections have in their genome the genomic island "pks", which codes for the production of a non-ribosomal polyketide-peptide hybrid compound, called Colibactin. E. Coli pks+ strains cause DNA double strand breaks (CDB) in cultured eukaryotic cells. During my thesis, I examined the in vivo expression and activity of Colibactine, and studied the consequences of Colibactin-inflicted CDB in infected cells. I showed in a colon loop mice model, using a GFP reporter system, that the pks genes were expressed in vivo. Using the phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) as a marker of CDB, I showed that Colibactin inflicted CDBs in colonocytes following injection of a E. Coli pks+ strain, but not an isogenic mutant impaired for Colibactin production. These results were confirmed using an antibiotic-treated mice model in which animals were fed per os with the strains after five days of antibiotic treatment. In order to study the consequences of this genotoxic exposure, I used various cultured cell lines that were infected in vitro with infection doses relevant to what can occur in vivo. Cells exposed to low dose infections (1 - 20 bacteria/cell) showed a transient DNA damage response followed by cell division. .
Collura, Ada. "Rôle de la protéine Crb2 dans les systèmes de surveillance de l'intégrité du génome chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112104.
Full textThe appearance of DNA lesions or problems during the replicative phase or during microtubule attachment to centromeres during mitosis in Schizosacharomyces pombe, like in all other eucaryotes, all result in the activation of checkpoint systems responsible for DNA repair, and for correct DNA replication and mitotic spindle assembly. When anomalies in one of these cellular processes are detected, the different checkpoint systems can nhibit or retard cell cycle progression, thus allowing the cell machinery to repair the problem encountered without affecting the transmission of genetic information to the daughter cells. During my PhD, I have studied, on one hand, the Dset1 allele of S. Pombe, an allele which is deficient in methyltransferase activity towards lysine 4 of the histone H3. More specifically, I have studied the effect of mutations in checkpoint genes on the response of the Dset1 strain to different genotoxic treatments. I have also investigated a new function assigned to the Crb2 protein of S. Pombe. This protein is essential for the activation of the Chk1 kinase after induction of the DNA repair checkpoint. In this pathway Crb2 plays the role of an adapter, recruiting Chk1 to the vicinity of the Rad3 kinase, thus enhancing Chk1 phosphorylation by Rad3. The Crb2 protein is also necessary for cell survival in response to chronic exposure to hydroxyurea or to DNA polymerase inhibition
Marie, Mélanie. "Etude de la réponse des cellules souches épidermiques aux stress génotoxiques radiatifs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T004.
Full textHuman skin is the first organ exposed to various environmental stresses, which requires the development by skin stem cells of specific mechanisms to protect themselves and to ensure tissue homeostasis. As stem cells are responsible for the maintenance of epidermis during individual lifetime, the preservation of genomic integrity in these cells is essential. My PhD aimed at exploring the mechanisms set up by epidermal stem cells in order to protect themselves from two genotoxic stresses, ionizing radiation ( Gamma Rays) and ultraviolet radiation (UVB). To begin my PhD, I have taken part of the demonstration of protective mechanisms used by keratinocyte stem cells after ionizing radiation. It has been shown that these cells are able to rapidly repair most types of radiation-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this repair is activated by the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). In order to know if this protective mechanism is also operating in cutaneous carcinoma stem cells, we investigated the response to gamma Rays of carcinoma stem cells isolated from a human carcinoma cell line. As in normal keratinocyte stem cells, we demonstrated that cancer stem cells could rapidly repair radio-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor 2 also mediates this repair, notably thanks to its nuclear isoforms. The second project of my PhD was to study human epidermal stem cells and progenitors responses to UVB radiation. Once cytometry and irradiation conditions were set up, the toxicity of UVB radiation has been evaluate in the primary cell model. We then characterized UVB photons effects on cell viability, proliferation and repair of DNA damage. This study allowed us to bring out that responses of stem cells and their progeny to UVB are different, notably at the level of part of their repair activity of DNA damage. Moreover, progenitors and stem cells transcriptomic responses after UVB irradiation have been study in order to analyze the global mechanisms of stress response in the two cell populations. Taken together, data obtained during my PhD allowed us to show that stem cells respond differently than keratinocyte progenitors to radiation stress, and that they developed both intrinsic and radiation-induced strategies allowing a better protection. When comparing gamma Rays and UVB, we found that, although their toxic effects on skin share many similarities, the mechanisms set up by human epidermal stem cells to protect themselves vary according to the type of radiation stress
Nauwelaërs, Gwendoline. "Effets génotoxiques des amines hétérocycliques aromatiques, contaminants alimentaires et environnementaux, chez l'homme." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S162.
Full textHeterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) are environmental contaminants most abundant in cooked meat and cigarette smoke. They are classified by the IARC as possible and probable human carcinogens and are likely to be involved in the increase in the incidence of several cancers. Today, it is essential to precise the human health risk associated with them. In this aim, the characterization of their genotoxic potential through DNA adducts formation and the study of their bioactivation pathways were first performed in human hepatocytes in primary culture, and extended to an extra-hepatic model: the human lymphocytes. Our study showed that HAA formed high levels of DNA adduct, comparable to those formed by the human carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl. They were also 10 to 100 times higher in human hepatocytes than those formed in rat. Lymphocytes can also activate HAA into DNA reactive compounds to form adducts. This study confirmed that HAA are greatly bioactivated in humans through specific metabolic pathways which could explain the different levels of damage observed in humans. The involvement of extra-hepatic tissues in this activation requires further studies. As according to our results, the DNA adducts are formed at low levels of exposure and are persistent, these contaminants are potentially harmful in humans and the associated danger could be underestimated in animal studies
Lautrette, Aurélie. "Couplages entre l'assemblage du nucléosome et la réponse cellulaire aux stress génotoxiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066193.
Full textBourthoumieu, Sylvie. "Etude in vitro des effets génotoxiques des radiofréquences de type GSM-900." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/34ef7f02-80a1-4425-a1eb-98932b5a579e/blobholder:0/2010LIMO310G.pdf.
Full textWith the ever-increasing growth of the telecommunication industry come the accompanying questions as to the health and oncogenic risk of radiofrequencies. Cancerogenesis is a multi-step process linked to the accumulation of genetic abnormalities in critical regions of the genome. This genomic damage is generally detected and repaired by the cells. Errors or faulty repairs can lead to genomic instability, which can initiate a cancerogenic process. Our study focused on the genotoxic effects of radiofrequencies used by cellular phones (GSM-900) on human amniocytes. Cells were exposed in vitro for 24 hours to GSM-900 waves in a wire-patch cell. The genotoxicity was evaluated using three different approaches. 1) The study of chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidies by using R-banded karyotype (average SAR value of 0. 25 W/kg) and FISH (average SAR values of 0. 25 ; 1 ; 2 ; and 4 W/kg). 2) The study of the expression and activation of proteins involved in the DNA damage signaling pathway, such as the activation of p53 and H2AX, using western blot (average SAR values of 0. 25 ; 1 ; 2 ; 4 W/kg). 3) The study of certain cellular responses to DNA damage, such as apoptosis, by detecting the cleaving of caspase 3 using western blot (average SAR values of 0. 25 ; 1 ; 2 ; 4 W/kg). The results showed that there was no significant genotoxic effect on the human amniocytes that were exposed for 24 hours to radiofrequencies of the GSM-900. These results seem to be in agreement with the majority of the previously studies published on this topic
Tenenbaum, Liliane. "Le Multitest: un système bactérien pour détecter les effets génotoxiques des agents cancérigènes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213433.
Full textPolard, Thierry. "Caractérisation des effets génotoxiques sur poissons de produits phytosanitaires en période de crue." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1710/.
Full textThis study aims at evaluating the biological impact of transient agricultural contamination events associated with floods. First, we investigated the genotoxic impact of such contamination events. These measures provide early and ecologically relevant data. Then, after the optimization and validation of the micronucleus assay in our experimental conditions, this test has been used together with the comet assay in order to test the genotoxic potential of 3 contrasted hydrological conditions. Spring flood water has been found to be more genotoxic than winter flood water or water sampled during the basal flow. These results have been compared with those of exposure to experimental mixtures, mimicking field contamination. The genotoxic potential of herbicides mixture has been confirmed, and the complexity of the processes inducing the toxicity during flood events has been highlighted. Second, in order to investigate the contamination pattern during flood events, a protocol allowing the extraction and quantification of the herbicides accumulated in fish tissues has been evaluated
Tanaka, Iris. "Régulation de l'épissage et de la polyadénylation alternatifs par les agents anti-cancéreux génotoxiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS025/document.
Full textMost human coding genes generate alternative transcripts (isoforms) through alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA), most often within the coding region and the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR), respectively. Both AS and 3’UTR-APA regulations have been increasingly involved in oncogenesis. In particular, AS networks connecting oncogenic splicing factors and oncogenic splicing variants have been recently identified. AS is also widely regulated by genotoxic anticancer drugs, like doxorubicin and cisplatin that induce different types of DNA lesions and are widely used in breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy, respectively. Given the frequent occurrence of resistance to chemotherapy, understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial to overcome this major issue. There are examples of AS events associated with anticancer drug resistance, but very little is known about the splicing factors and therefore the AS networks involved. In addition, a previous study showed that doxorubicin represses a large set of alternative last exons (ALE) corresponding to the use of intronic polyadenylation (IPA) sites. ALEs have an emerging role in cancer, but little is known about its regulation by other anticancer drugs, like cisplatin. In order to better understand the role of AS and APA regulation in cell response and resistance to chemotherapy, my PhD project had two main aims: 1) determine the extent, regulatory networks and function of AS regulation in breast cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin, and 2) determine the extent, mechanism and impact of ALE regulation in response to cisplatin in NSCLC cells. In the first part, I identified by RNA-seq thousands of AS events and dozens of splicing factors regulated in a cell model of acquired resistance to doxorubicin in ER+ breast cancer. Through an siRNA miniscreen, I found two splicing factors, ZRANB2 and SYF2, involved in doxorubicin resistance. Further RNA-seq analyses revealed the AS events regulated by depletion of these poorly characterized splicing factors, and their convergence on the alternative exon 5 of the oncogene ECT2. Depletion of ZRANB2, SYF2 and the ECT2-Ex5 variant reduces doxorubicin-induced S phase arrest and doxorubicin resistance. In addition, high inclusion levels of ECT2-Ex5 correlate with poor survival specifically in ER+ breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. In the second part, I found by 3’-seq that in NSCLC cell treatment with cisplatin (but not oxaliplatin) induces ALE/IPA in thousands of genes enriched in cell cycle and cell death. This effect is linked to an inhibition of transcription elongation processivity in long genes. 3’-seq analysis on polysomes showed that this ALE regulation impacts the translatome, and revealed a set of particularly short isoforms that were inefficiently translated, including a transcript with a non-coding function. In conclusion, during my thesis, I could identify a novel AS network involved in doxorubicin resistance in ER+ breast cancer, and widespread ALE regulation impacting the translatome in lung cancer cisplatin response. This work increases our understanding of AS and IPA role in cell response and resistance to anti-cancer chemotherapy. In the longer term, the identified alternative transcripts and regulators constitute candidate biomarkers of chemoresistance