Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Génomique tumorale'
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Lesluyes, Tom. "Remodelage génomique des sarcomes pléomorphes : caractérisation transcriptomique et agressivité tumorale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0074.
Full textPleomorphic sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors characterized by many chromosomal rearrangements. Their oncogenic process is still poorly understood, no recurrent and specific genetic alteration able to drive the tumor initiation has been identified yet. The work I did during my thesis had the objective to better understand the biology of these tumors, focusing on transcriptomic consequences of their genomic remodeling.We characterized fusion transcripts in these tumors by high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq). This led us to identify the expression of several chimeric transcripts involving TRIO (5.1% of cases). Moreover, this analysis and the identification of expressed variants allowed us to identify frequent mutations of tumor suppressor genes such as ATRX (16% of cases) and more generally members of the SWI/SNF complex (47% of cases). Alterations of this major complex of chromatin remodeling are associated with higher genetic instability and more aggressive phenotype.In pleomorphic sarcomas, genetic instability is linked to tumor progression through the expression of a prognostic transcriptomic signature. This signature, termed CINSARC, is involved in mitosis control and chromosome segregation pathways. We wanted to determine the origin of such expression by integrating genomics and epigenetics, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms. Though these mechanisms do not seem to directly regulate CINSARC expression, important changes have been highlighted. From a clinical standpoint, we demonstrated that the signature expression is a global prognostic factor of tumor aggressiveness in numerous cancer types. In addition, CINSARC is a better prognostic marker than the FNCLCC grading system, the current international standard to evaluate the metastatic risk in soft tissue sarcomas. We consequently developed a method allowing a daily clinical application of the CINSARC signature to improve the therapeutic management of these tumors
Rozier, Lorène. "Cassures induites par les stress : rôle dans l'instabilité génomique et dans la progression tumorale." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077047.
Full textEl, Achkar Eliane. "Bases moléculaires de l' expression des sites fragiles communs : rôle dans l' instabilité génomique et la progression tumorale." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066588.
Full textFonti, Claire. "Caractérisation des altérations génétiques et épigénétiques associées aux étapes précoces de la transformation tumorale mammaire." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T024.
Full textThe genome of cancer cells undergoes profound changes at genetic and epigenetic level. Breast tumors exhibit in particular complex and heterogeneous genetic and epigenetic profiles. While a better understanding of the dynamics of these changes could allow a better understanding of tumor complexity, little information is available on this subject. In fact, most data have been, and are produced from primary tumors or established cancer cell lines and do not provide information on the sequence of events that accompany the transition from normal to cancerous state. Therefore, we have been interested in the early stages of carcinogenesis. To this aim, we have developed a stepwise transformation model of HMECs (human mammary epithelial cell) by sequential transduction of oncogenes and/or shRNA. Each cellular variant have been characterized at the cellular and molecular level (CGH, MeDIP, and Micro-array) in order to answer the following questions (1) what is the sequence of structural and epigenetic changes during malignant transformation? (2) The patterns of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities are they modulated according to the oncogenic pathway initially activated in the tumor? Contrary to the literature data, we have obtained transformed cells with the expression of only two defined genetic elements. Our results indicate that p53 inactivation promotes the acquisition of genomic alteration but mainly induces significant changes at the DNA methylation level. In addition, we have shown that the remodeling of genetic and epigenetic profiles depends on the oncogene initially activated. Finally, our results suggest that the nature of the oncogene initially activated and responible for the transformation affects the dynamics of production and selection of anomalies, and supports the hypothesis that the heterogeneity of breast cancer may be due to activation of different oncogenic pathways
Tomasini, Pascale. "Établissement d'un profil génomique spécifique des métastases cérébrales des adénocarcinomes bronchiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0692.
Full textLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, partly because it is the first cause of brain metastases (BM). A better knowledge of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) molecular biology and the development of targeted therapies have improved patients’ outcomes. However, the intracranial efficacy of these new treatments is inconstant. The objective of this work was a better knowledge of BM biology in lung adenocarcinoma and a better knowledge of genomic heterogeneity between BM and PT to guide patients’ treatment strategy.We showed that intracranial efficacy of immunotherapy was inconstant and that BM incidence and recurrence after local treatment was associated with mutation profile. We then compared whole exome sequencing of paired frozen samples from PT and BM of patients with NSCLC and identified 13 genes with recurrent mutations in BM never mutated in PT samples. We then analyzed a prospective cohort of patients with CBNPC and resected BM. In these BM, the number of mutations was high, including 2 genes among the 13 genes identified. Moreover, CSF ctDNA was representative of BM mutation status.This work highlights the importance of tumor heterogeneity between BM, PT and ctDNA. Whereas it is difficult to establish a specific signature of BM because of the poor number of samples available and the difficulty to have paired PT/BM samples for each patient, CSF ctDNA study may be a way to assess BM biology. We plan to study brain microenvironment and use new approaches such as mathematical modeling for a better understanding of BM biology
Bélanger, Brigitte. "Étude préliminaire de la longueur individuelle des télomères er des anomalies chromosomiques dans les glioblastomes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6267.
Full textCougnoux, Antony. "Escherichia Coli producteurs de colibactine et croissance tumorale, du mécanisme à la prévention." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1MM01/document.
Full textThe colibactin toxin is widely distributed in Escherichia coli. Its synthesis is performed by enzymes encoded by the genomic island pks. It causes DNA double-strand breaks, mutations, chromosomal rearrangements in host cells and contributes to tumorigenesis in a mouse model. In addition, colibactin-producing E. coli are frequently isolated from tumors of patients with colorectal cancer. Our work shows that colibactin-producing bacteria induce cellular senescence and, consequently, can indirectly stimulate cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The pro-proliferative effect mediated by these senescent cells is due to the secretion of growth factors, in particular HGF. The cell signaling responsible for cellular senescence shows the involvement of the transcription factor c-Myc, the transcription of a microRNA targeting the peptidase SENP1, and a modification of protein SUMOylation, including p53, a well-known effector of cellular senescence. This signaling pathway and HGF-encoding transcripts were analyzed in tumors of patients with colorectal cancer colonized or not by colibactin-producing E. coli. The results support the findings obtained in vitro and in the mouse model. Taken together, the results suggest that, in tumors, colibactin-producing bacteria promote the emergence of a senescent microenvironment, which can stimulate tumor growth via the secretion of HGF. In parallel, we determined the structure and function of the pks-encoded protein ClbP. The results show that ClbP is an active serine peptidase, whose active site is extracytoplasmic and essential to the biological activity of pks island. "Drug-like" inhibitors of ClbP were identified using structural, biochemical, cellular and microbiological approaches. These molecules bind to the active site of ClbP with nanomolar affinity and block the genotoxic and pro-tumoral activities of colibactin-producing E. coli. ClbP is therefore a potential therapeutic target to block the deleterious effects of bacteria-producing colibactin
Redon, Richard. "Contribution au modèle génétique de progression tumorale des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : Application de la technologie des puces à ADN au criblage génomique des tumeurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13105.
Full textAbbou, Samuel. "Liquid Biopsy in Pediatric Sarcoma." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASL037.
Full textAbstract: Liquid biopsy is an opportunity for improved diagnosis, treatment monitoring and genomic studies in oncology. Substantial effort in recent years has focused on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTC). However, pediatric cancer, including sarcomas, are still largely unexplored disease areas in this field.In this work, we sought to explore several aspects of liquid biopsy applied to pediatric sarcomas including their clinical use at diagnosis and as a tool to understand tumor biology. We first present a review of the literature demonstrating the feasibility of applying liquid biopsy to pediatric solid malignancies. Then, we report a methodological study using CTC for diagnostic purposes in translocation driven sarcomas. This approach identified fusions from as little as two unstained slides of FFPE tumor biopsy tissue, from CTC collected from tumor-bearing mice, and from liquid biopsy samples from patients with known fusion-positive cancers. The second study focuses on ctDNA for prognostication at the time of diagnosis in rhabdomyosarcoma by detecting copy number alterations, rearrangements, and single-nucleotide variants. Our study demonstrates that baseline ctDNA detection is feasible and has prognostic value. The last part of this work presents the development of a workflow to isolate single sarcoma cancer cells for sequencing, with an ultimate goal to analyze CTC genomic features at a single-cell resolution.This work explores several clinically and scientifically relevant aspects of liquid biopsy in pediatric sarcoma. We showed that liquid biopsy has utility at diagnosis in two different applications. Further development in this field will require a strong knowledge of tumor-specific biology, the clinical care of patients with these diseases, and the adaption of new technologies. My findings demonstrate the transformative possibilities this research may bring to the care of patients with pediatric sarcomas
Girard, Nicolas. "Tumeurs intra-thoraciques : mutations oncogéniques et problématiques cliniques : prédisposition génétique au cancer broncho-pulmonaire chez le patient non-fumeur : hétérogénéité inter- et intra- tumorale des cancers broncho-pulmonaires : étude génomique intégrative des tumeurs épithéliales du thymus." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926538.
Full textBarthélémy, Philippe. "Voie de signalisation des androgènes, altérations génomiques et progression du cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ022/document.
Full textThe androgen receptor signaling pathway (AR) remains a prime therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). This work focused on three topics: 1) the identification of AR mutations and their functional impact, 2) the assessment of a link between the truncated AR, resulting from nonsense mutations and tumor angiogenesis and 3) an exploratory study of tumor heterogeneity in PCa. In the first part, we identified 90 AR mutations using a yeast-based functional assay and speculated about their involvement in potential mechanisms to hormone therapy (HT) resistance. In the second part we assessed a link between the truncated AR and the overexpression of VEGF-A, the main proangiogenic factor. In the last part we investigated the tumor heterogeneity within the primary tumor and metastasis using a whole exome sequencing approach. This work leads to a better knowledge of the AR signaling pathway alterations, their role in the key steps of tumor progression and the evolution of genomic abnormalities
Caussinus, Emmanuel. "Croissances tumorales induites par l'altération des divisions asymétriques de cellules souches chez la Drosphile." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30208.
Full textLoss of cell polarity and cancer are tightly correlated, but a causative relationship has remained elusive. In stem cells, polarity loss and the resulting impairment of asymmetric cell division could bring about cell-fate alterations that could render one or the two daughters unable to respond to the mechanisms that control proliferation in the wild-type lineage. To test this hypothesis we have generated Drosophila larval neuroblasts that are mutant for different genes that control the asymmetric cell-division machinery and assayed their proliferative potential upon transplantation into adult hosts. We have found that pieces of larval brains carrying pins, mira, numb or pros mutant neuroblasts can grow over a hundred-fold the size of the implant, invading other tissues, and killing the hosts in less than three weeks. These tumors become immortal and can be re-transplanted into new hosts for years. Genome instability and centrosome alterations, two frequent traits of malignant carcinomas, are kept at wild-type levels during the initial stages of development in these tumors. However, six weeks after the first transplantation they affect at least 10% of the cells in all tumor lines. Growing evidence strongly suggests that the origin of some tumors may be a cancerogenic stem cell. Our results show that loss of function of any single one of several genes that control the cell-fate asymmetry of stem-cells daughters may result in over-proliferation of this lineage, triggering a chain of events that subverts cell homeostasis in a very general sense, and leads to cancer
Sadacca, Benjamin. "Pharmacogenomic and High-Throughput Data Analysis to Overcome Triple Negative Breast Cancers Drug Resistance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS538/document.
Full textGiven the large number of treatment-resistant triple-negative breast cancers, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of resistance and to find new effective molecules. First, we analyze two large-scale pharmacogenomic datasets. We propose a novel classification based on transcriptomic profiles of cell lines, according to a biological network-driven gene selection process. Our molecular classification shows greater homogeneity in drug response than when cell lines are grouped according to their original tissue. It also helps identify similar patterns of treatment response. In a second analysis, we study a cohort of patients with triple-negative breast cancer who have resisted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We perform complete molecular analyzes based on RNAseq and WES. We observe a high molecular heterogeneity of tumors before and after treatment. Although we highlighted clonal evolution under treatment, no recurrent mechanism of resistance could be identified Our results strongly suggest that each tumor has a unique molecular profile and that that it is increasingly important to have large series of tumors. Finally, we are improving a method for testing the overrepresentation of known RNA binding protein motifs in a given set of regulated sequences. This tool uses an innovative approach to control the proportion of false positives that is not realized by the existing algorithm. We show the effectiveness of our approach using two different datasets
Baggetto, Loris Gilbert. "Déviations métaboliques et génomiques mitochondriales dans les cellules tumorales glycolytiques AS30-D et Ehrlich : voie de l'acétoïne." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10014.
Full textNicolet, Céline. "Identification d'altérations génomiques impliquées dans l'initiation et la progression tumorale des cancers du côlon de phénotype "chromosome instable" chez l'Homme." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6047.
Full textColon cancer with chromosomal instability (CIN) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer. At present, a series of genomic alterations are described as involved in tumor progression, but no consensus has helped to validate prognostic markers. One reason could be the inter-tumor heterogeneity, because allelotyping on adenomas and and carcinomas of different stages, identified three groups according to the number of genomic alterations independently of clinical stage, suggesting the existence of several pathways of carcinogenesis. My work has confirmed the heterogeneity of alterations and validated the model of progression described in the literature but by redefining more accurately the chronology of the alteration appearance (i. E. APC, TP53, K-Ras, methylation) by taking into account the anatomical location. In addition, studying the chromosome 20q genomic status by allelotyping and FISH showed that the gain of the arm is complete, homogenous and proceeds through aneusomy (odd number of chromosomes) or tetrasomy (even number of chromosomes). In parallel, CGH arrays identified a restraint micro-deletion in 1p36. 11-12, a region including several genes whose transcription factor E2F2. QPCR experiments validated the genomic deletion of the E2F2 gene, deletion which would be of good prognosis for event-free survival of patients with distal carcinoma. This work confirms the involvement of some genomic abnormalities already described in the tumoral initiation and the progression; however, we could redefine the sequence of appearance of these anomalies by taking into account the localization (proximal-distal) and characterized new changes with a prognostic value
Struski, Stéphanie. "Intérêt de l'hybridation génomique comparative pour la caractérisation de déséquilibres chromosomiques tumoraux : application à des lignées cellulaires chimiorésistantes." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMM204.
Full textAcquired chemotherapy resistance is a major problem in the treatment of many human cancers. This process is difficult to assess because mechanisms of resistance often implicate a panoply of genes. The Comparative Genomic Hybridization identifies quantitative abnormalities present in a genome. CGH interest is thus evident for the targeting of amplified or deleted genes, as testify the review of literature presented in this work. After the optimization of the CGH, we applied it to different chemoresistant tumor cell lines: a ALL-T cell line resistant to vinblastine, mediated by the classical way of P-gp/MDR1; 3 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines resistant to increasing concentrations of etoposide, implicating some process independent to the P-gp way; and finally, 4 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines presenting a resistance to various concentrations of vincristine, and a loss of tumorigenicity properties. The CGH reveals new chromosomal loci in these tumor chemoresistant genomes
Tuefferd, Marianne. "Application de la génomique en recherche clinique : étude des altérations quantitatives du génome tumoral à partir de tissus fixés et inclus en paraffine." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T070.
Full textCottier-Jouffre, Michèle. "Anomalies génomiques et cancer : application à l'étude de lignées tumorales avec différents niveaux d'expression de la protéine FAK (focal adhésion kinase)." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET006T.
Full textValéry, Christine. "Recherche de nouvelles protéines potentiellement marqueurs du mélanome et importance d'une approche de génomique fonctionnelle pour une stratégie de prédiction du risque." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2002AIX20665.pdf.
Full textLecerf, Clément. "Instabilité génomique et mécanismes moléculaires régulés par le long ARN non codant H19 dans les cancers du sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S112.
Full textH19 is a long non-coding RNA described to play key roles in the progression and metastasis of cancers from different tissue origins. We have previously shown that the H19 gene is activated by E2F1, repressed by p53 and RB tumor suppressors and implicated in breast cancer cell cycle progression. My PhD work demonstrates that H19 can interact with p53 in breast cancer cells. This interaction induces p53 degradation but also impairs p53 function by preventing its translocation into the nuclear compartment. We show that H19 interacts not only with p53 but also with MDM2 to form a ternary complex. Moreover, H19 reduces p53 transcriptional activities and impairs cell cycle blockage, apoptosis induction and senescence of cells after DNA damage. Furthermore, we highlight that H19 expression favors also genetic instability, allowing for the accumulation of gene mutations. Thereafter, we investigated the implication of H19 during the DNA damage response. We show that H19 expression represses the activation of histone variant H2AX. Interestingly, this is accompanied by enhanced repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Comet assays revealed that H19 expression reduces the DNA breaks proportion, suggesting that H19 accelerates DNA repair. Finally, we determine the implication but also the relative contribution of H19 and its miR-675 in the enhancement of breast cancer metastatic potential. We show that both H19 and miR-675 enhance cell migration and invasion as well as colony formation. H19 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but interestingly, miR-675 seems to simultaneously increase the expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, suggesting the induction of a hybrid phenotype or mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that miR-675, like its precursor H19, increases stemness properties of breast cancer cells. To conclude, our findings highlight new mechanisms of lncRNA H19 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and aggressiveness, thus suggesting an interesting role for H19 as a prognostic and therapeutic marker
Gattolliat, Charles-Henry. "Contribution de deux clusters de microARN soumis à empreinte parentale à la progression tumorale et au pronostic des neuroblastomes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967948.
Full textDelhomme, Tiffany. "Using the systematic nature of errors in NGS data to efficiently detect mutations : computational methods and application to early cancer detection." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1098/document.
Full textComprehensive characterization of DNA variations can help to progress in multiple cancer genomics fields. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is currently the most efficient technique to determine a DNA sequence, due to low experiment cost and time compared to the traditional Sanger sequencing. Nevertheless, detection of mutations from NGS data is still a difficult problem, in particular for somatic mutations present in very low abundance like when trying to identify tumor subclonal mutations, tumor-derived mutations in cell free DNA, or somatic mutations from histological normal tissue. The main difficulty is to precisely distinguish between true mutations from sequencing artifacts as they reach similar levels. In this thesis we have studied the systematic nature of errors in NGS data to propose efficient methodologies in order to accurately identify mutations potentially in low proportion. In a first chapter, we describe needlestack, a new variant caller based on the modelling of systematic errors across multiple samples to extract candidate mutations. In a second chapter, we propose two post-calling variant filtering methods based on new summary statistics and on machine learning, with the aim of boosting the precision of mutation detection through the identification of non-systematic errors. Finally, in a last chapter we apply these approaches to develop cancer early detection biomarkers using circulating tumor DNA
Toujani, Saloua. "Du chromosome au gène par un criblage global des altérations génomiques dans la malignité pour isoler de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T027/document.
Full textMuch of our current understanding of cancer is based on the hypothesis that it is a genetic disease, arising as a clone of cells that expand in an unregulated fashion because of somatically acquired mutations. High-throughput tools for nucleic acid characterization, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), now provide the means to conduct comprehensive analyses of somatic anomalies in the oncogenome.In the first part of our work we have carried out a fine mapping of additional chromosomal anomalies in Burkitt lymphoma (BL). The hallmark of this disease is the translocation t(MYC;IG). We have applied whole-genome 244K and 44k oligonucléotides aCGH to 15 cells lines and 12 primary tumors of BL respectively. Karyotype and FISH analysis were used to validate aCGH results. As expected, all translocations remained undetectable with aCGH. More than half of the copy number alterations (CNAs) < 2 Mb were mapped to Mendelian CNVs, including GSTT1, and BIRC6. Somatic cell line-specific CNVs localized to the IG locus were consistently observed with the 244 K aCGH platform. Among 136 CNAs, gains were found in 1q, 13q, 7q, 8q, 2p, 11q and 15q. Losses were found in 3p, 4p, 4q, 9p, 13q, 6p, 17p, 6q,11pterp13 and 14q12q21.3. Twenty one minimal critical regions (MCR), (range 0.04–71.36 Mb), were delineated in tumors and cell lines. Three MCRs were localized to 1q: 1q21.1q25.2, 1q32.1 et 1q44. The proximal one was mapped to 1q21.1q25.2 with a 6.3 Mb amplicon (1q21.1q21.3) harboring BCA2, BCL9 and PIAS3. Only BCL9 high level transcrit was noted on oligonucleotide microarray gene expression that was done on 15 cells lines. BCL9, was implicated in a LAL B translocation t(1;14)(q21;q32) and it is a member of MYC pathway. The 13q31.3q32.1, 89.58–96.81 Mb MCR contained an amplicon with several genes. The miR-17-92 cluster, upregulated on mirnome analysis that was done on 15 cells lines, is the gene driver of 13q MCR. The miR-17-92 cluster is a member of MYC pathway. The 9p21.3 MCR harbored p16INK4A/p15INK4B locus which is downregulated. MYC activates ARF,a protein encodes by p16INK4A/p15INK4B locus. . On the second part of our work, a 44k aCGH was applied on 17 frozen adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) to delineate with a high resolution the CNA associated with ACC. aCGH results were validated with FISH and/or MLPA. Protein expression was screened with immunohistochemistry analysis. The translocation t(6;9)(q23;p23p24)/ MYB-NFIB recurrent in ACC, was not detected with aCGH. In one case, the der(6)t(6;9) was suspected in the aCGH pattern. There were recurrent gains at 7p15.2, 17q21–25, 22q11–13, and recurrent losses at 1p35, 6q22–25, 8q12–13, 9p21, 12q12–13, and 17p11–13. Thirteen MCR were detected. The recurrent deletion at 8q12.3–13.1 contained miRN124A2 gene, whose product regulates MMP2 and CDK6. The 9p21.3 MCR harbored p16INK4A/p15INK4B locus which was deleted. On 17p11p13, the MCR contained several genes and TP53 was deleted in 2 cases. The MDM2 gene, a member of p16INK4A-ARF-p53 pathway, was amplified and overexpressed in one case. Among the other unique CNAs, gains harbored CCND1, KIT/PDGFRA/KDR, and JAK2. On the third part of this these, a high-resolution 244K aCGH was conducted on 60 frozen lung adenocarcinoma (AD) of never smokers patients in order to establish a catalog of CNA. In 50/60 tumors, fourteen new MCR of gain or loss was noted. One larger MCR of gain contained NSD1.One focal amplification and nine gains contained FUS. NSD1 and FUS are oncogenes hitherto not known to be associated with lung cancer. FUS was over-expressed in 10 tumors with gain of 16p11.2 compared to 30 tumors without that gain. A FUS hsr was observed with FISH screening. FUS was over-expressed in 10 tumors with gain of 16p11.2 compared to 30 tumors without that gain. Other cancer genes present in aberrations included ARNT, BCL9, CDK4, p15INK4B, EGFR, ERBB2, MDM2, MDM4, MET, MYC, NKX2-1 and KRAS
Perriaud, Laury. "Étude systémique des cibles génomiques de la methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), un répresseur transcriptionnel dépendant de la méthylation de l'ADN : évolution de la distribution de MBD2 dans un modèle syngénique de progression tumorale mammaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833153.
Full textBirnbaum, David. "Altérations moléculaires dans l'adénocarcinome du pancréas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5088.
Full textPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDCA) is a major public health problem in France and worldwide. The inoperability and the poor prognosis of the PDCA are due to late diagnosis, rapid tumor progression (>80% of patients displayed metastases at diagnosis), early recurrences after resection, and poor response to available therapies. Innovative approaches and a comprehensive characterization of molecular genetic alterations are dearly needed to help develop techniques of early detection, identify new molecular targets and devise novel targeted-therapies (Hidalgo, 2010). Using high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we studied the genome alterations of 39 fine-needle aspirations from PDCA. Recurrent losses were observed and comprised several known tumor suppressor genes. We identified frequent genetic gains. With this study, we decided to go one step further by identifying genes that might also be deregulated at the transcriptomic level. We started our analysis with a population of PDCA (n=419) versus normal pancreas (n = 105). Among the 352 genes found amplified and/or gained by aCGH, 170 (48%) were up regulated at the transcriptional level in PDCA compared to normal pancreatic tissues. Major pathways involved were cell cycle, TP53 and TGFß. Among the genes located in regions of losses, 141 (41%) were down regulated in PDCA compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, some genes were found related to a patients' survival With this study, we highlighted novels genes associated to PDCA oncogenesis. Some of those candidates should be further investigated as prognosis markers or as potential targets for new therapeutic approaches
Renault, Anne-Laure. "Identification de facteurs génétiques modifiant le risque de cancer chez les porteuses d'une mutation constitutionnelle d'ATM & profil tumoral des tumeurs du sein associées à une perte de fonction d'ATM." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS389/document.
Full textInherited biallelic mutations in the ATM gene cause Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T), a multisystemic disorder characterized by neurological, cutaneous and immunological abnormalities. The disease is associated with an elevated risk of malignancies, particularly of lymphoma or leukemia, and a high radiosensitivity. Epidemiological studies have shown that female heterozygote carriers (HetAT) younger than 50 years are at increased risk of breast cancer, as compared to women from the general population (RR 4,94, 95%CI 1,90 - 12,09). Despite the rarity of A-T disease, 0.5 to 1% of the population is estimated to be HetAT. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that some specific truncating or missense variants in ATM are associated with increased breast cancer risk but this risk is not yet well estimated. The first part of my thesis project has consisted in characterizing inherited genetic factors modifying cancer risk in women participating in the prospective cohort CoF-AT (“cohorte de femmes apparentées à un enfant atteint d’A-T). In the second part of my work, I described the morphological and molecular features of ATM breast tumours with the aim to identify biomarkers allowing to distinguished ATM-associated tumours from sporadic tumours.Assessment of the contribution of inherited factors such as SNPs of telomere length on the risk of cancer was performed on 284 HetAT individuals and 174 non-HetAT individuals belonging to 103 A-T families. We showed that HetAT individuals have longer telomeres than their non-HetAT counterparts (p=0.0008). However, we found that telomere length was not associated with cancer risk in our study population. The SNP rs9257445 (ZNF311), which is associated with telomere length in HetAT participants, was not associated with cancer risk. Conversely, SNPs rs6060627 (BCL2L1) and rs2380205 (ANKRD16) modified cancer risk in HetAT and non-HetAT women.Pathology review of 41 ATM-associated breast tumours revealed that these tumours mostly belonged to luminal B molecular subtype. The molecular characterization of 23 ATM-associated tumours did not revealed the BRCAness profile associated with Large-Scale State Transitions. However, we found that ATM tumours were mostly tetraploïd and observed loss of heterozygosity at 11q22-23 in the majority of the tumours and loss of ATM wild type allele. Moreover, copy number losses at loci 13q14.11-q14.3, 21p11.2-p11.1 and 22q11.23 appeared to be specific of ATM tumours.Altogether, this project allowed to better characterize the genetic background of the CoF-AT participants and to highlight biomarkers of ATM breast tumours