Academic literature on the topic 'Génomique environmentale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Génomique environmentale":
Quintana-Murci, Lluis. "Génomique humaine et évolution." L’annuaire du Collège de France, no. 120 (February 13, 2023): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/annuaire-cdf.18277.
Young, Allan. "La psychiatrie à la recherche d'un esprit post-génomique." Sciences sociales et santé 24, no. 1 (2006): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sss.241.0117.
Tost, Jörg. "Epigenomic technologies: an interview with Jörg Tost." Epigenomics 14, no. 6 (March 2022): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2022-0005.
Moulin, C., F. Guillemin, T. Remen, F. Bouclet, H. Augé, A. Quinquenel, C. Dartigeas, et al. "Facteurs pronostiques clinico-biologiques et génomiques de la survie dans le syndrome de Richter." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 69, no. 1 (February 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2020.11.010.
Furrer, D., D. Dragic, A. Droit, and S. Jacob. "Les altérations génomiques dans le cancer du sein HER2-positif et la réponse au traitement." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 70 (August 2022): S211—S212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2022.06.020.
Hajage, D. "Facteurs pronostiques cliniques et génomiques de la survie sans progression des tumeurs ovariennes de stade III/IV." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 56, no. 3 (June 2008): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2008.05.019.
Neffati, A., M. Safer, W. Klai, A. Hchaichi, S. Dhaouadi, H. Letaief, L. Bouabid, et al. "Surveillance génomique du SARS-CoV-2 - Analyse des données et évaluation de la stratégie de séquençage en Tunisie (janvier 2021-février 2022)." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 71 (September 2023): 101933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2023.101933.
Aceti, Monica, Petros Tsantoulis, Pierre O. Chappuis, Samia Hurst-Majno, and Claudine Burton-Jeangros. "Analyse critique de la méthode des forums citoyens à propos des craintes et espoirs associés aux progrès de la génomique en oncologie." Recherches qualitatives 41, no. 1 (2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1088795ar.
Rouyer, M., D. Smith, A. Sa Cunha, E. François, A. Monnereau, E. Yon, E. Bignon, et al. "Efficacité en vie réelle du cétuximab en première ligne de traitement d’un cancer colorectal métastatique (CCRm) selon le statut génomique tumoral RAS et BRAF : actualisation des résultats de la cohorte EREBUS." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 65 (June 2017): S114—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2017.04.009.
Konaté, Ibrahim, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf, and El Bekkay Berraho. "Diversity analysis of Moroccan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) accessions using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers." Acta Botanica Malacitana 32 (December 1, 2007): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v32i0.7031.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Génomique environmentale":
Monjot, Arthur. "Les eucaryotes unicellulaires dans les écosystèmes lacustres : de la diversité fonctionnelle aux interactions hôte-parasites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0109.
Over the last few decades, our understanding of microbial diversity in the environment has advanced considerably, particularly with the advent of next-generation sequencing methods and -omics approaches. These methods have allowed for a more comprehensive evaluation of microbial diversity compared to traditional culture-based approaches. The most commonly used method for analyzing diversity is metabarcoding, which is based on the study of a unique and ubiquitous marker. This method has revealed a considerable and unsuspected diversity of microbial eukaryotes in aquatic environments. However, this approach is mainly descriptive and does not allow for the determination of the physiology or understanding of the role of these microorganisms in ecosystems. Other methods, such as metatranscriptomics, offer the possibility of studying their metabolic potential in relation to environmental parameters. Nevertheless, these high-throughput sequencing approaches lead to the production of a vast quantity of environmental sequences, most of which remain unknown. To better understand the diversity-function link within microbial eukaryotes and their role in lacustrine trophic networks, several approaches have been used.Metabarcoding coupled with a study of morpho-physio-phenotypic traits, metatranscriptomics and a methodology based on the isolation and characterization of host-parasite pairs (sequencing and in situ hybridization), were carried out on lake samples (Pavin, meromictic; Aydat, dimictic). These analyses revealed the high diversity of photo-osmo-phago-mixotrophs and parasites, while also highlighting the strong seasonal variations they undergo in the mixolimnion of lake Pavin. For example, periods of mixing benefiting photosynthetic host communities favor the development and dissemination of parasitic fungi, notably through the overexpression of genes involved in zoospore phototaxis and lipid metabolism. Among these parasitic fungi, Microsporidia are newly identified players in aquatic food webs. Indeed, we discovered a high prevalence (42.5%) host-parasite association between a potential new species of Microsporidia and a species of rotifer in lake Aydat. An important rare biosphere has also been highlighted in the anoxic monimolimnion of Lake Pavin, characterized by numerous saprotrophs overexpressing genes related to sulfur, nitrate, and organic matter degradation metabolisms. The characteristic metabolisms of organisms of different trophic modes have also been studied by constructing protein sequences similarity networks.While characterizing the majority of unknown sequences for the first time (>40%), we have revealed the genetic proximity of proteins between heterotrophic and photo-osmo-phago- mixotrophic microorganisms and between saprotrophs and parasites, as well as a relative functional redundancy of primary metabolisms. On the other hand, we have identified nearly one million proteins characteristic of a single functional group, which, for some, represent real prospects for studying the metabolic pathways involved in host-parasite interactions
Boussarie, Germain. "Apports de l’analyse de l’ADN environnemental et de la génomique du paysage pour la conservation des requins de récif." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG014.
Sharks represent one of the most diverse groups of predators, playing important functional roles in coastal and oceanic ecosystems. They are also one of the most threatened groups because of their vulnerability to anthropogenic pressures due to their particular life history traits. Shark populations are therefore collapsing with drastic decrease in abundance in all marine ecosystems. Even relatively common species are near- threatened. Despite the deployment of important resources for shark population assessments, 41% of the 482 shark species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species lack a conservation status due to data deficiency. Improving our knowledge on such species is thus crucial for efficient protection to slow down their decline. More particularly, there is a necessity for a better characterization of presence, structure and connectivity of shark populations to define their conservation status, prioritize spatial management and optimize conservation efforts. This thesis relies on the emergence of new technologies to fill knowledge gaps on tropical coral reef sharks and to suggest conservation measures for better management. First, a method to survey shark communities has been developed during this thesis, based on the collection and sequencing of DNA present in the environment (environmental DNA metabarcoding; eDNA). Then, this method has been compared to exhaustive surveys of reef shark communities with traditional methods. This quick and non-invasive approach detected at least 21 shark species in waters of two distinct biogeographical areas (Caribbean and New Caledonia). Moreover, diversity and abundance patterns of DNA reads match with anthropogenic impact gradients and protected status of the sampled areas. The analysis of 22 eDNA samples detected more species in both remote reefs and impacted areas of the New Caledonian archipelago than 2758 scientific dives conducted during nearly 30 years and 385 baited remote underwater videos deployed over two years. Then, population structure and connectivity of a more common reef shark species, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, have been characterized using a seascape genomics approach. This thesis is based on a substantial genetic sampling in the archipelago of New Caledonia but also in several other sites in the Indo-Pacific (515 sharks in total). An isolation-by-resistance approach using circuit theory has been developed to explore what parameters are driving the genetic differentiation of C. amblyrhynchos. Here I show that deep oceanic areas act as strong barriers and proximity to habitat is a facilitator for dispersal. High-resolution modelling of genetic differentiation at the entire distribution range of the species (Indo-Pacific) led to the definition of hierarchical conservation units and a high number of isolated sites. Then, an approach taking into account the decline of abundance in impacted reefs showed an important fragmentation of shark populations and allowed the identification of remote reefs as refuges but also sources through dispersal towards impacted areas, insuring population persistence at a regional scale. This thesis demonstrates the potential of eDNA analysis for unveiling the presence of rare and elusive species such as sharks and for filling knowledge gaps in the conservation status of sharks. It also reveals the persistence of residual populations in impacted areas, that could show behavioral alterations like shifts in habitat use towards deeper waters or increased nocturnality. Finally, this thesis not only describes the population structure of a near-threatened species at high resolution and global scale, but also identifies conservation units and areas of high conservation priority that could help in the near future for the spatialization of marine management at multiple scales
Rain, Franco Angel. "Consequences of environmental disturbances on community structure and functioning of aquatic prokaryotes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03730170.
Microbes are impacted by environmental disturbances affecting the functional stability of microbial communities. However, their responses are complex, difficult to elucidate and the mechanics of functional stability are still poorly understood. In this thesis, I investigated microbial responses to environmental disturbances from single populations to complex communities. For the single population approach, we addressed the transcriptional response of single bacterial populations with varying niche breadths along an environmental gradient. To address the consequences of disturbances at the community level, we have established and tested a protocol for cryopreserving complex microbial communities to improve the replicability of experimental studies with natural microbial aquatic community assemblies as inoculum sources. Furthermore, we have experimentally exposed complex aquatic microbial communities to pulsed disturbances to study the consequences of such disturbances on community structural changes and broad functional parameters, such as bacterial growth efficiency. Finally, we have inspected in more detail the consequences of pulsed disturbances on processes involved in nitrogen cycling. During this thesis, I particularly focused on isolates and communities that originated from coastal aquatic habitats that provide important ecosystem services
Ly, Delphine. "Prédictions génomiques des interactions Génotype x Environnement à l'aide d'indicateurs agro-climatiques chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22669/document.
In a climate change context, assuring high and stable yield in more sustainable agricultural systems is a major challenge for plant breeding. We are aiming for future wheat varieties which will be heat and drought tolerant, and also productive in limited fertilization input environments. New prediction methods of the response to these stresses are needed to move forward. In this study, we first identified stresses that generated interactions between genotypes and environments (GxE) in our experimental trials and then developed a genomic model for adaptation to a particular environmental stress (Factorial Regression genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ou FR-gBLUP), in our case drought. This model hypothesizes that the more individuals are genetically close, the more their response to a stress will resemble. We used cross-validations to measure prediction accuracy gains compared to an additive model and observed gains between 3.5% and 15.4%. Besides, simulation studies showed that the more the variance explained by the responses to the stress is important, the more the FR-gBLUP model will improve the additive model. Furthermore, fine characterization of the stresses limiting the plants’ growth is required to predict varietal responses to a particular stress. We focused on the particular case of nitrogen stress in France. By establishing crop model based stress indicators and comparing them to classical indicators, such as the management system or the available nitrogen, we pointed out the interest of crop model to characterize GxE interactions and to predict the genomic response to nitrogen stress, as long as the GxE interaction signal is strong enough. Beyond the potential applications of these methods for breeding or recommendation for varieties more adapted or tolerant to environmental stresses, this study also raises the interest of coupling eco-physiological and genetics approaches
Agapit, Corinne. "Emission d’auxine et de nitrates par les bactéries des turricules de vers de terre : effet sur la croissance et le développement des plantes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1001/document.
Plants take up resources in their environment. They are also exposed to many signals, including molecules that profoundly alter their behavior or morphology. The prediction of the flow of nutrients from the soil to the plant requires an integration of flux regulation by signals which determine the kinetics of plant adaptations. During this thesis, different experimental and analytical approaches (split-root, isotopic labeling, root analysis) allowed us to study the coupling between signals and flows in the interactions between plants, microorganisms and earthworms. We first demonstrated that earthworms have a systemic effect on the growth and development of plants (Hordeum Vulgare L. and Oryza sativa L.) and that this effect is dependent on the abundance of earthworms. A methodological study aiming at optimizing the split-root device (the sharing of roots of a single plant into two compartments) helped us to improve plant (Brachypodium distachyon L.) survival and their emission of roots. This experimental set up was used to determine the importance of the presence of casts and their spatial localization on the N uptake by the plant. The lack of effect observed during this experiment lead us to address the mechanisms that may occur in the presence of worms according to their temporal dynamics. We then demonstrated that an important proportion of casts was responsible for root system adaptation only when the plant was exposed to casts for a sufficient period of time. These results are the first demonstration that the kinetics of the different mechanisms occurring in casts is crucial to explain the positive effect of casts on plants growth
Guerin, Nina. "Acclimatation du pico-eucaryote photosynthétique Pelagomonas calceolata aux changements environnementaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPASL138.pdf.
Photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPE) are abundant in all oceans and represent a significant proportion of biomass and primary production. Climate models predict an extension of oligotrophic areas in the following decades, which could greatly increase the abundance and ecological impact of PPEs. Among them, the microalga Pelagomonas calceolata (Stramenopiles/Pelagophyceae) is widely distributed in the oceans (Worden et al., 2012) but its role in the carbon cycle and its impact on the trophic chain remain poorly characterised (Dupont et al., 2015). In situ and in vitro analyses suggest that P. calceolata can adapt to environmental variations thanks to a significant capacity to modulate gene expression (Carradec et al., 2018; Dimier et al., 2009). The aim of this thesis is to understand how P. calceolata adapts to environmental variations in the many environments it lives in. In the first chapter, the P. calceolata genome is assembled, annotated and compared with those of other PPEs. Thanks to metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from the Tara Oceans expedition, the biogeography and transcriptomic activity of P. calceolata under different environmental conditions has provided a better understanding of the present and future distribution of this alga, and the genes involved in its ecological success (Guérin et al 2022). In the second chapter, we focused on the acclimatisation habilites of P. calceolata to changing nitrogen quantities and sources. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P. calceolata as a function of nitrate concentration in Tara Oceans samples were compared with those identified during growth experiments under controlled conditions. P. calceolata was grown in media depleted in nitrate or in which nitrate was replaced by ammonium, urea or cyanate. The comparison of DEGs obtained in the laboratory with those obtained from environmental data provides a better understanding of the metabolism of this microalga in the face of nitrate shortage, and of the mechanisms put in place in the environment to cope with variability in nitrate availability, in particular through its ability to use organic nitrogen sources. In the third chapter, we aimed to better understand how depth affects the physiology of P. calceolata. P. calceolata is found in water samples from the surface down to a depth of at least 200m. We found that sampling depth had a strong impact on the expression of P. calceolata genes involved in photorespiration and carbon concentration mechanisms. During this PhD thesis, the characterisation of the adaptive capacities of P. calceolata led to a better understanding of how transcriptomic regulation enables it to be cosmopolitan, and shows that this microalga can be used as a model organism thanks to the possibility of studying it simultaneously in the laboratory and in environmental multi-omics data
Lannes, Romain. "Recherche de séquences environnementales inconnues d’intérêt médical/biologique par l’utilisation de grands réseaux de similarité de séquences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS232.
The objective of this thesis was to identify as yet unknown microorganisms present in various environments and to characterize some of their metabolisms. This unidentified diversity, both taxonomic and functional, is commonly referred to as microbial dark matter. I have used and developed new network methods, including sequence similarity networks, to exploit very large sequence datasets from metagenomic projects. In particular, my work has highlighted the ecological role of ultra-small micro-organisms in some autotrophic metabolic pathways in the oceans. It also shows that CPR and DPANN, recently discovered ultra-small bacteria and archaea, participate in the dynamics of microbial communities through quorum sensing systems similar to those of better characterized organisms. An application of sequence similarity networks to meta-barcoding data also revealed a previously unknown diversity of Holozoans, which could allow us to better understand the transition to multicellularity of Metazoans. Finally, I have developed a method and software for searching for remote homologs of proteins of interest in very large datasets, such as those from metagenomics. This method, now validated, should make it possible to search for sequences belonging to still unknown and very divergent organisms, in the hope of discovering new deep branching phyla, or even new domains of life
Brousseau, Louise. "Diversité et évolution des arbres de forêt tropicale humide : exemple d'Eperua falcata en Guyane française." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967318.
Mahé, Stéphane. "Diversité des branches évolutives basales du règne des champignons dans les écosystèmes hydrothermaux marins profonds." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797898.
Gosselin-Théberge, Maxime. "Campylobacter dans différents environnements aquatiques : quantification et génotypage afin de mieux évaluer les risques potentiels d’infection pour l’être humain." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13370.
Campylobacter is a zoonotic pathogen that is responsible for the majority of cases of bacterial gastroenteritis. Among the numerous Campylobacter transmission routes including direct contact, food and water, poultry consumption has been recognized as the major route. A strong seasonal variation in campylobacteriosis cases exists for reasons that are not well understood; environmental water is suspected to be involved. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Southeastern region of Quebec (Canada), wherein Campylobacter from different waters (drinking water source, recreational and sewage) and clinical sources was quantified and genotyped in order to evaluate the potential risks posed by environmental water. Several real-time PCR assays were compared for specific application to environmental water: two were selected for their specificity and sensitivity of quantification. Standard curves were calibrated using digital PCR to accurately determine concentrations. Campylobacter isolates from clinical and water sources were genetically compared using CGF (comparative genomic fingerprinting). Sewage waters showed the highest Campylobacter concentrations, while drinking water source and recreational waters showed the lowest (average of 3.9Log, 1.7Log and 1.0Log cells/L, respectively). CGF revealed that 6% of water isolates were genetically similar (100% homology) to clinical isolates. Summer cases of campylobacteriosis revealed isolates showing more genetic similarities with environmental water isolates compared to other seasons (p<0.01). The low Campylobacter concentrations and genetic similarities between water and clinical isolates from the same region, suggests that these environmental waters pose a real, but low risk of transmission.
Books on the topic "Génomique environmentale":
Barh, Debmalya, Vasco Azevedo, and Vasudeo Zambare. Omics: Applications in Biomedical, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Barh, Debmalya, Vasco Azevedo, and Vasudeo Zambare. Omics: Applications in Biomedical, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Barh, Debmalya, Vasco Azevedo, and Vasudeo Zambare. Omics: Applications in Biomedical, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Barh, Debmalya, Vasco Azevedo, and Vasudeo Zambare. Omics: Applications in Biomedical, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Kumar, N. Senthil, Surajit De Mandal, Fengliang Jin, Amrita Kumari Panda, and Satpal Singh Bisht. Metagenomics and Microbial Ecology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Kumar, N. Senthil, Surajit De Mandal, Fengliang Jin, Amrita Kumari Panda, and Satpal Singh Bisht. Metagenomics and Microbial Ecology: Techniques and Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Kumar, N. Senthil, Surajit De Mandal, Fengliang Jin, Amrita Kumari Panda, and Satpal Singh Bisht. Metagenomics and Microbial Ecology: Techniques and Applications. CRC Press LLC, 2021.
Kumar, N. Senthil, Surajit De Mandal, Fengliang Jin, Amrita Kumari Panda, and Satpal Singh Bisht. Metagenomics and Microbial Ecology: Techniques and Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Perkins, Edward J., Gerald Ankley, Gerald Ankley, and Ann Miracle. Genomics in Regulatory Ecotoxicology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
Perkins, Edward J., George P. Daston, Gerald Ankley, and Ann Miracle. Genomics in Regulatory Ecotoxicology: Applications and Challenges. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.