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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Genetic polymorphism'
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1
Wang, Wei. "Plasminogen polymorphism in dairy cattle." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26174.
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A genetic approach to lowering protease (plasmin) levels in milk, requires the presence of polymorphism of bovine plasminogen. This study was conducted to determine to what extent genetic polymorphism exists in dairy cattle. Bovine plasminogen was first purified from Holstein cow plasma by affinity chromatography on Lysine-Sepharose and antibodies to bovine plasminogen were raised by monthly intramuscular injection of the isolated bovine plasminogen into rabbits. For plasminogen phenotyping, blood samples were collected at random from 50 Holstein and Ayrshire cattle, and plasminogen was isolated from the plasma using lysine-Sepharose and then treated with neuraminidase. After separation by isoelectric focusing (pH 3.5-9.5) in polyacrylamide gels, Plasminogen polymorphs were detected immunologically using rabbit anti-bovine plasminogen antibodies. Additionally, the plasminogen isoforms were evaluated with a functional assay (caseinolytic overlay technique) after activation of the plasminogen with urokinase. Six plasminogen phenotypes were identified which represent products of 5 variant alleles. The 5 plasminogen variants were characterized based on their isoelectric points and designated PLG A$ sb2$ (pI 6.5 and 7.0), B$ sb2$ (pI 7.6 and 7.8), C$ sb1$ (pI 6.8), D$ sb2$ (pI 7.8 and 8.0), and E$ sb2$ (pI 6.8 and 7.0). PLG A$ sb2$ and PLG B$ sb2$ were the most common variants in these cattle. The 6 phenotypes were $ rm A sb2A sb2, B sb2B sb2, A sb2B sb2, B sb2C sb1, A sb2D sb2 and D sb2E sb2$. The phenotypic frequencies in Holstein and Ayrshire were very different, $ rm A sb2A sb2 and B sb2B sb2$ being respectively the most frequent phenotype. In addition, DNA polymorphism at bovine plasminogen gene was detected when genomic DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme Msp I and hybridized with mouse plasminogen cDNA. This is the first description of plasminogen polymorphism reported in dairy cattle. If different variants have altered activity, the detrimental effect
2
Fonseca, Gutierrez Maria del Carmen. "Genetic polymorphism in systemic sclerosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409294.
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Loh, Yong-Hwee Eddie. "Genetic variation in fast-evolving East African cichlid fishes: an evolutionary perspective." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41148.
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Cichlid fishes from the East African Rift lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi represent a preeminent example of replicated and rapid evolutionary radiation. In this single natural system, numerous morphological (eg. jaw and tooth shape, color patterns, visual sensitivity), behavioral (eg. bower-building) and physiological (eg. development, neural patterning) phenotypes have emerged, much akin to a mutagenic screen. This dissertation encompasses three studies that seek to decipher the underpinnings of such rapid evolutionary diversification, investigated via the genetic variation in East African cichlids.
We generated a valuable cichlid genomic resource of five low-coverage Lake Malawi cichlid genomes, from which the general properties of the genome were characterized. Nucleotide diversity of Malawi cichlids was low at 0.26%, and a sample genotyping study found that biallelic polymorphisms segregate widely throughout the Malawi species flock, making each species a mosaic of ancestrally polymorphic genomes. A second genotyping study expanded our evolutionary analysis to cover the entire East African cichlid radiation, where we found that more than 40% of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were ancestral polymorphisms shared across multiple lakes. Bayesian analysis of genetic structure in the data supported the hypothesis that riverine species had contributed significantly to the genomes of Malawi cichlids and that Lake Malawi cichlids are not monophyletic. Both genotyping studies also identified interesting loci involved in important sensory as well as developmental pathways that were well differentiated between species and lineages. We also investigated cichlid genetic variation in relation to the evolution of microRNA regulation, and found that divergent selection on miRNA target sites may have led to differential gene expression, which contributed to the diversification of cichlid species.
Overall, the patterns of cichlid genetic variation seem to be dominated by the phenomena of extensive sharing of ancestral polymorphisms. We thus believe that standing genetic variation in the form of ancestrally inherited polymorphisms, as opposed to variations arising from new mutations, provides much of the genetic diversity on which selection acts, allowing for the rapid and repeated adaptive radiation of East African cichlids.
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Anwar, Ghazanfar Ali. "Genetic polymorphism in proinflammatory cytokines in bronchiectasis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576646.
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Bronchiectasis is a disease characterised by chronic bronchial sepsis and exerts considerable morbidity in those affected. In approximately 50% of cases the aetiology is unknown (idiopathic), raising the possibility of genetic predisposition. Cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα are potent neutrophil recruiting molecules and are abundant in bronchiectatic secretions. Cytokine polymorph isms can lead to constitutively high production, and have been associated with a number of chronic inflammatory states. Hypothesis: Gene polymorph isms associated with high cytokine production predispose to idiopathic bronchiectasis (IB). Aims and objectives: To determine if high production alleles of cytokines IL-1β, IL6, IL8, TNF and IFNG are associated with idiopathic bronchiectasis (I B). Frequencies of these alleles were compared in patients with IB, bronchiectasis of known cause and normal controls. Allele frequencies in IB were also correlated with clinical markers of disease severity. Methods Following ethical approval, prospectively recruited patients underwent extensive clinical. phenotyping. IB was established as a diagnosis of exclusion. Allele frequencies for candidate genes were determined by PCR, with control allele frequencies available from local blood donors. Comparisons were made by Chi Square tests. Results: 189 patients (95f, 94m), mean (SO) age 66.11 (11.52) years were recruited including 82 (43%) idiopathies, No differences in the candidate allele frequencies were found between IB with 200+ controls and bronchiectasis of known cause group (n=1 06). Within idiopathic group, IL8+781T, IL6-174C, and IL1B-511T alleles were significantly associated with daily sputum production. In addition, IL8+781T and IL6-174C were associated with high exacerbation frequency and positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture. IL-1 B+3953T was significantly under- represented in those with daily sputum production and positive Pseudomonas status. Conclusions: Gene polymorphisms predisposing to high cytokine production were not found to be associated with lB. Several alleles were found to significantly associated with more severe disease. Independent confirmation is required in an adequately powered study.
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Liu, Shuk Ming. "Single nucleotide polymorphism in human microsomal glutathione s-transferase gene and colorectal cancer /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202003%20LIU.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-105). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Hu, Yin. "Genetic polymorphism and regulation of cytochrome P450 2E1 /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3690-0.
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McLure, Craig Anthony. "Duplication and polymorphism with particular reference to regulators of complement activation." University of Western Australia. Centre for Molecular Immunology and Instrumentation, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0103.
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[Truncated abstract] For the convenience of the reader, detailed figures and tables have been enlarged and compiled in Appendix 2, at the end of this thesis. This thesis is presented as an approach to identify, annotate and detect genomic duplication and polymorphism within large genomic regions. To demonstrate this, I have used as a model, the genomic region known as the Regulators of Complement Activation (RCA). The RCA complex is located on the long arm of chromosome 1 at position 1q32 and is a reservoir of complement regulatory proteins. The genes of the RCA share many similarities implying that all have arisen through multiple complex duplication events. My analysis of this region in the following chapters demonstrates the complexity of this duplication and identifies the many functional units within the RCA. It was my aim at the beginning of these studies to demonstrate an approach that could define the Ancestral Haplotypes (AHs) of the RCA gene cluster. To do this, extensive genomic analysis was required and the ever-increasing availability of genomic sequence has made this thesis possible. Each of the chapters serves to address the following aims set out at the beginning of this thesis: 1. Further characterise the relationship between the genes (Complement Control proteins-CCPs) and domains of the Regulators of Complement Activation (RCA). 2. Identify and examine the duplicated elements within the RCA. - 6 - 3. Examine the effects of retroviruses and other insertions and deletions (indels) in generating the divergence of duplicated genes. 4. Investigate the applicability of the Genomic Matching Technique (GMT) to define AH within the region. 5. Examine association of AHs with CCP implicated diseases. 6. Determine the GMT applicability in non-human species
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Singleton, Andrew B. "Genetic aspects of dementia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299652.
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Wu, Tsung-Sheng. "Functional characterization of sex hormone-binding globulin genetic polymorphism." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/53980.
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Human plasma SHBG is produced by the liver, and it transports biologically active sex steroids and determines their availability to target tissues. The 4.3 kb human SHBG transcriptional unit encoding a signal polypeptide for secretion followed by two laminin G (LG)-like domains is utilized by hepatocytes. The N-terminal LG domain of SHBG contains a region responsible for homodimer formation, and a steroid ligand-binding site that accommodates androgens and estrogens in opposite orientations. Among over 250 genetic polymorphisms identified in human SHBG, few are functionally characterized. In this research, I have performed a comprehensive analysis of functionally relevant SHBG single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Nine out of nineteen non-synonymous SNPs within the coding region of SHBG N-terminal LG domain were shown to encode SHBG mutants with abnormal properties in steroid ligand binding, calcium coordination, fibulin-2 interaction, glycosylation or secretion. In particular, SHBG R123H (encoded by rs143269613) has a general reduction in affinity for steroid ligands, whereas SHBG E176K (encoded by rs372114420) has a higher affinity specifically for estradiol. Crystallography revealed that instead of losing the structural integrity of the steroid-binding site, reduced flexibility of the loop region that covers the steroid-binding site, and conformational changes at the opening rim of a putative estradiol entrance, likely account for the abnormal steroid-binding affinities of SHBG R123H and SHBG E176K, respectively. Among eight SNPs within SHBG regulatory sequences selected for analysis, only rs138097069 increases SHBG promoter activity. In silico prediction revealed that rs138097069 is located within a putative FXR binding site, while rs6257, which is linked to low plasma SHBG concentrations, is located within a putative FOXA2 binding element. In HepG2 cells, GW4064-activated FXR and overexpressed FOXA2 both suppress SHBG expression by direct binding to their corresponding binding elements in an HNF4⍺-independent manner. By contrast, knock-down of FXR reduces, while knock-down of FOXA2 induces, HNF4⍺ expression and SHBG production. Characterization of functional SHBG SNPs has provided molecular explanations of how genetic differences contribute to SHBG production and function, and has identified possible roles for two novel regulators, FXR and FOXA2, in a more complex regulatory network that determines SHBG expression.Medicine, Faculty of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of
Graduate
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Chaudhari, Savita. "Cytochrome P450 2D6, genetic polymorphism in subjects abusing cocaine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ34079.pdf.
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Imafidon, Gilbert Idolo. "Genetic polymorphism and physico-chemical properties of milk proteins." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74578.
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The properties of genetic variants of $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-casein (BB, AB), $ beta$-casein (A$ sp1$A$ sp1$, A$ sp2$A$ sp2$, A$ sp1$A$ sp2$, A$ sp1$A$ sp3$, A$ sp2$A$ sp3$, A$ sp1$B, A$ sp2$B, BB), $ kappa$-cn (AA, AB, BB) and $ beta$-lactoglobulin (AA, AB, BB) were compared. The caseins and $ beta$-lactoglobulin were purified by mass ion exchange chomatography. Model systems of $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$- and $ kappa$-caseins were compared with respect to their stability towards calcium ions and other major milk salts precipitation. $ beta$-Casein, $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-casein BB + $ beta$-caseins and $ kappa$-casein were also compared in their ability to resist calcium ion precipitation. $ kappa$-casein AB was a better stabilizer of $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-casein than the BB and AA variants. $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-Casein BB resisted calcium ion precipitation more than the AB variant in presence of $ alpha$-lactose, citrate, chloride and magnesium ions. $ kappa$-Casein BB stabilized $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-casein AB more than the BB variant in presence of calcium and phosphate ions. Solubility of $ kappa$-casein AA, however, was greater than that of $ kappa$-cn BB and $ kappa$-cn AB variants in calcium and phosphate solutions. As in $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-casein, significant differences were also found among $ kappa$-casein variants in stabilizing $ beta$-casein against calcium ion precipitation. $ beta$-Caseins A$ sp1$A$ sp1$, A$ sp2$A$ sp2$ and A$ sp1$B produced the most stable micelles while those of A$ sp2$B and B variants the least at 0.03-0.25 $ kappa$-cn/$ beta$-casein ratios and 20 mM Ca$ sp{2+}$. However, stability of micelles formed from $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-cn + $ beta$-cn A$ sp2$A$ sp3$, $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-cn + $ beta$-cn A$ sp1$A$ sp3$, and $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-cn + $ beta$-cn A$ sp2$A$ sp2$ caseins were higher than those of $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-cn + $ beta$-cn A$ sp1$A$ sp2$, $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-cn + $ beta$-cn A$ sp1$B and $ alpha sb{ rm s1}$-cn + $ beta$-cn A$ sp1$A$ sp1$.
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Arguello-Astorga, Jesus Rafael. "Development of methods for the identification of genetic polymorphism." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394278.
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Oliver, Sian Elizabeth. "Caffeine as a probe substance to study genetic polymorphism." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306775.
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Ross, Owen A. "Analysis of genetic and immunological factors associated with ageing." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274056.
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Woo, Andrew Jonghan. "Characterization and identification of transcription factors that bind to the tumor necrosis factor -308 polymorphism." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0044.
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[Formulae and special characters can only be approximated. Please see the pdf version of this abstract for an accurate reproduction.] Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediates a long list of immunological and pathophysiological processes. TNF is produced by a wide variety of cells including immune and non-immune cells, however in most cell types TNF is not expressed prior to stimulation. The function of TNF is mediated via its trimeric domain by binding to TNF receptors that are found on most types of cells, especially of the haematopoietic systems, hence transpiring its effects on a wide variety of cells and organ systems. The cytotoxic (apoptosis) and pro-inflammatory (differentiation, proliferation and activation) functions of TNF are protective but can also result in pathological or deleterious consequences. A biallelic G to A transition polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF at nucleotide position 308 from the transcription start site is suggested to be involved in differential transcriptional regulation of TNF expression. The high TNF producing 308A allele is associated with susceptibility to or worse outcome of many infectious diseases in addition to autoimmune and other pathophysiological conditions. A previous study in our laboratory observed a selective affinity towards the polymorphic 308A allele by an EMSA protein(s) complex, named E. Several other protein complexes were found along with complex E and one of them was identified as Sp1. The identification of complex E was unsuccessful but it was hypothesized to play a major role as transcriptional activator in 308A allele individuals hence transpiring its effect in various pathophysiological states. In this study, the EMSA complexes observed in the TNF promoter region between nucleotides 322 to 283, encompassing the 308 polymorphism, is characterized. EMSA using mutated oligonucleotides mapped the binding sites of complexes B, C, D and E. TRANSFAC database search in addition to previous work revealed the identity of complex C as Sp1 but the rest of complexes remained unknown. Moreover, in contrast to our previous study, the protein(s) in the complex E was found to preferentially bind 308G nucleotide hence posing as a transcriptional repressor, resulting in decreased production state of TNF in 308G allele individuals than 308A allele individuals. In order to characterize putative transcription factors binding to the promoter region, first the biochemical characteristics such as the effects of temperature, salts and cations on DNA binding ability of EMSA complexes were studied. EMSA complexes B, C, DI and E required cations, probably Zn+2, to bind DNA. By optimizing a technique that couples EMSA with SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight of C, DI and E was determined. A novel technique that couples EMSA with IEF determined the pI of complexes B, C, D, DI and E. Although a commonly used technique of identifying unknown DNA-binding protein of interest, Yeast One-Hybrid assay, did not identify complex E, the novel identification method involving chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis, EMSA, mass spectrometry and database interrogation successfully identified TNF EMSA complex E as transcription factor Ying Yang 1 (YY1). Supershift EMSA confirmed complex E as YY1. In addition, the supershift assay showed presence of Sp1 and Sp3 in complex C. Similarly, complex DI is identified as Sp3. The novel method in identifying DNA-binding proteins is particularly useful as this technique allows identification of protein seen in EMSA without the need of extensive identification process. YY1 binds to a 6 base pair sequence, 5? TTGAGG 3?, from nt 295 to 290 of TNF promoter. The loss of affinity in 308A allele is caused by transition of underlined G nucleotide to A. The determined and described molecular weight of YY1 in literature is 60 kDa while the theoretical weight is 45 kDa. Both the determined and theoretical pI of YY1 is 5.8. YY1 is a multifunctional transcription factor implicated in both positive and negative regulation of gene expression as well as in initiation of transcription. It is ubiquitously expressed in growing, differentiated, and growth-arrested cells. Although future experiment is yet to establish in vivo presence of YY1 in TNF promoter, our study so far provides convincing evidence that the putative transcription factor that has selective affinity towards 308G allele is indeed YY1.
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Chen, Pak-lam Sammy, and 陳栢林. "Influence of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene polymorphism on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in southern Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980922.
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Laubscher, Maxine. "Genetic and morphological comparisons within the orthopteran family Pneumoridae." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7949.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScBladder grasshoppers belong to the order Orthoptera, ancient family Pneumoridae and Superfamily Pneumoroidea. This small group of grasshoppers are sound producing, nocturnal, herbivorous grasshoppers endemic to the coastal regions of southern Africa. Very little genetic work has been done on these grasshoppers, and there is some taxonomic confusion regarding the validity of some species descriptions. The aim of this study was to provide much needed clarity on the true taxonomic diversity and polymorphic attributes within the Pneumoridae, focusing on selected taxa of uncertain status. Bladder grasshoppers show distinct discontinuous polymorphism, resulting in two clearly different male morphs utilizing two different mating strategies. Primary males make use of acoustic communication for mate location. Secondary males (alternate males) are significantly smaller and employ a “sneaker” or satellite strategy where they exploit the calling between duetting couples to locate the females before the primary male. Three species of bladder grasshoppers have been described (Parabullacris vansoni, Paraphysemacris spinosus and Pneumoracris browni) that only have an alternate male morph. The validity of these species descriptions has come into question with the discovery of alternate male morphs in at least three other species (Bullacris discolor, B. membracioides and B. obliqua). Thus, the species described by Dirsh (1963) may simply be alternate males of existing species. However, to date there have been no studies looking at the genetics of alternate males, which would definitively establish whether they are conspecific with primary males.
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Ladenvall, Claes. "Genetic association studies in stroke /." Göteborg : Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/9416.
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Lagan, Anna Leah. "Genomic integrity in diffuse lung disease : role of genetic polymorphism." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429017.
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Shelton, P. R. "Some studies of frequency dependent selection on metrical characters." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374816.
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Yang, Chongqing, and 楊重慶. "Single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and susceptibility to ovarian andendometrial cancer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31456133.
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Olsen, Jeffrey B. "Genetic interpretation of microsatellite polymorphism in Pacific salmon : case studies in population genetics and kinship analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5285.
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Jarvis, David. "Simple Sequence Repeat Development, Polymorphism and Genetic Mapping in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1475.pdf.
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Wasfi, Yasmine S. "Apoptosis-related genetic polymorphisms in sarcoidosis /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2005.
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Prodöhl, Paulo A. "Multilocus and single locus minisatellite DNA polymorphism in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296801.
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Sanyal, Somali. "Effect of genetic polymorphisms on urinary bladder neoplasms /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-081-7/.
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Dilek, Derya. "Relationship Between The Nat Genetic Polymorphism And Susceptibility To Prostate Cancer." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609777/index.pdf.
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevelant cancers in males in many countries, increasing in frequency with age. PCa incidence and mortality rates are not evenly distributed worldwide. Family history is an established risk factor for prostate cancer and families demonstrating autosomal dominant or X-linked transmission of susceptibility have been observed. Although an increasing number of candidate genes or hereditary prostate cancer susceptibility have been identified, only 5 to 10 percent of prostate cancer cases in the population may arise from major susceptibility genes. A few risk factors for PCa development are advanced age, an intact androgen metabolism, ethnicity, and genetic background. Other genetic factors, in combination with possible environmental risk factors for prostate cancer, may have greater public health importance. Genetic polymorphisms that may be associated with prostate cancer risk are much more common in the population than are high-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes. In this study, the effect of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and Glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1) were investigated, since polymorphism in these genes may alter their enzymatic activity and, therefore, their capacity to biotransform xenobiotic compounds. In order to evaluate the potential association between NAT2 , GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and prostate cancer risk, a hospital based case control study was carried out in a Turkish population consisting of 30 histologically confirmed incident prostate cancer cases and 67 control subjects with no present or previous history of cancer. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes showed no significant differences between case and control groups, with respect to their frequencies and it was observed that GSTM1 null genotype was more common in cases with a 60% frequency. Even though the frequency of slow NAT2 acetylator genotype was 80% in cases and 50,7% in controls NAT2 rapid acetylator showed no association with prostate cancer statistically. These results suggested that GSTM1 null genotype is a susceptibility factor for prostate cancer, particularly in the presence of NAT2 slow acetylator genotype with no significance. Further studies with a larger size are required to confirm the presence and significance of this relationship.
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Oscarson, Mikael. "Genetic polymorphism of human drug metabolising enzymes : structural and functional studies /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3717-6/.
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Perrow, Karen Amanda. "Genetic polymorphism of the immunoregulatory system with specific reference to apoptosis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417497.
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Hulin-Curtis, Sarah Louise. "Genetic polymorphism within osteo-metabolic related genes and association with osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414193.
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Chang, Yeun-Kyung. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of genetic variability in Phalaenopsis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34361.
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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers allow a rapid assessment of the level of genetic variation that would be difficult to evaluate using a limited number of morphological markers. AFLP was used to assess the level of genetic variation among 16 different Phalaenopsis species and hybrids. Ten AFLP primer combinations were used for genetic analysis of these Phalaenopsis and 95% of polymorphism in 16 Phalaenopsis species and hybrids was detected. The genetic similarity among Phalaenopsis species and hybrids ranged from 0.298 to 0.774 based on Dice coefficient. The dendrogram derived by UPGMA analysis clustered into two main groups. A significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.524, P < 0.0001) was observed between known pedigrees and AFLP-derived genetic similarity for 136 pairwise comparisons of Phalaenopsis species and hybrids. The results indicate that there is an abundance of genetic diversity among within Phalaenopsis and that AFLP can be used to distinguish morphologically similar genotypes.
In a second study, the effect of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity in Phalaenopsis was examined by AFLP analysis. Sixteen F1 seedlings resulting from cross-pollination that occurred within high (30 ºC) and low (14ºC) temperature incubators between two hybrid Phalaenopsis [P. (Taisoco Windian à Sogo Yukidian) by P. hybrid unknown], were subjected to genetic analysis by AFLP. A total of 651 fragments ranging in size from 100 to 350 bp were detected using six primer combinations, of which 387 (59.4%) were polymorphic. Seedlings derived from different temperature treatments exhibited 25.5% to 35.9% polymorphism. The genetic similarity among 16 F1 seedlings ranged from 0.825 to 0.946 based on the Dice coefficient. A dendrogram based on 387 polymorphic markers was derived by UPGMA analysis resulting in three major groups and one subgroup. The dendrogram analysis showed clear clustering in Phalaenopsis hybrids pollinated under different temperature treatments, suggesting that several loci may have been selected during the divergent temperature stress treatments during pollination and early pollen tube growth.
Master of Science
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Ulusoy, Gulen. "Genetic Polymorphisms Of Alcohol Inducible Cyp2e1 In Turkish Population." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604747/index.pdf.
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Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), the ethanol-inducible isoform of cytochrome P450 superfamily, catalyzes many low molecular weight endogenous and exogenous compounds, including ethanol, acetone, drugs like acetaminophen and chlorzoxazone, and industrial solvents like benzene and styrene, most of which are carcinogenic. Besides, it has a high capacity to produce reactive oxygen species. CYP2E1 is induced by ethanol and isoniazid, as well by some pathophysiological conditions like diabetes and starvation. CYP2E1 gene shows genetic polymorphisms which are thought to play a major role in interindividual variability in drug response and in susceptibility to chemical-induced diseases, like several types of cancers.
It is well established that CYP2E1 polymorphisms vary markedly in frequency among different ethnic and racial groups. Therefore, in this study, the frequency of two important CYP2E1 polymorphismsthe single nucleotide polymorphisms C-1019T / G-1259C in 5&rsquo
-flanking region and T7678A poymorphism in intron 6, in Turkish population was investigated. For this purpose, whole blood samples were collected from 132 healthy volunteers representing Turkish population and genomic DNA for each subject was isolated in intact form. The genotypes were determined by PCR amplification of corresponding regions followed by restriction endonuclease RsaI, PstI (for C-1019T / G-1259C SNPs) and DraI (for T7678A SNP) digestions. The genotype frequencies, for C-1019T / G-1259C SNPs, which are in complete linkage disequilibrium, were investigated on 116 DNA samples, and determined as 97.4% for homozygous wild type (c1/c1), 2.6% for heterozygotes (c1/c2) and 0.0% for homozygous mutants (c2c2). The allele frequency of wild type allele (c1) was calculated as 98.7% and that of mutated allele (c2) as 1.3%. The genotype frequencies for T7678A SNP, investigated in 108 DNA samples were determined as 80.6% for homozygous wild type (DD), 19.4% for heterozygotes (CD) and 0.0% for homozygous mutants (CC). The corresponding allele frequencies were 90.3% for wild type allele (D), and 9.7% for mutated allele (C). Genotype frequencies of both polymorphisms fit Hardy-Weinberg equation and showed no significant difference with respect to gender. The genotype distributions of both polymorphisms showed similarity when compared to other Caucasian populations like French, Swedish, German, and Italian populations, while both polymorphisms studied differed significantly from Chilean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Chinese populations, as compared with Chi-Square test.
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Wong, Hoi-man Emily, and 黃凱敏. "Genome-wide association analyses on complex diseases: from single-nucleotide polymorphism to copy numbervariation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50534099.
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Complex diseases, unlike Mendialian diseases, are often characterized by genetic heterogeneity and multifactorial inheritance, involving defects in genes from the same or multiple alternative pathways. Many congenital diseases and psychiatric disorders are complex diseases, and incur heavy health care burden on the society. With the advancement in high-throughput genotyping technologies and the availability of the human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) catalogue, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used to investigate the genetic component of complex diseases. Copy number variations (CNV) can also be identified using the data from the same SNP array.
Aiming to identify more disease susceptibility loci for complex diseases, separate GWAS using a case-control design were conducted on anorectal malformations (ARMs) and schizophrenia. ARMs are rare congenital diseases with heterogeneous phenotypes which could probably be explained by the genetic heterogeneity among patients, while schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder that is well known for its multigenic inheritance. The GWAS studies on ARM and schizophrenia included 4,369 (patients: N=363; controls: N=4,006) and 1,231 Han Chinese (patients: N=381; controls: N=850) respectively. The two studies were mainly focused on investigating the contribution of rare CNVs to the diseases, involving analyses on global CNV burden, rare CNV association, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network,
pathway and chromosomal aberrations. The associations of SNPs with ARMs were also examined. Apart from elucidating the genetic components in these two diseases, a systematic analysis on four CNV detection programs (CNV partition, PennCNV, QuantiSNP and iPattern) was also undertaken. In the study of schizophrenia, a new approach in CNV filtering which was based on latent class analysis was adopted to gather information from multiple CNV prediction programs.
The study of ARMs revealed 79 genes which were disrupted by CNVs in patients only. In particular, a de novo duplication of DKK4 (an antagonist of WNT signaling) was identified, and addition of Dkk4 protein was demonstrated to cause ARMs in mice. Another 10 genes uniquely disrupted in ARMs patients are also related to WNT signaling. Interestingly, this pathway was also significantly inferred by CNV in patients with schizophrenia. A different set of genes related to WNT signaling was disrupted in ARMs patients and patients with schizophrenia. WNT signaling is crucial for the development of multiple parts in the embryo. The contribution of different WNT signaling pathways at different development stages may vary. Apart from the WNT signaling pathway, other genes with biological relevance were also implicated in the two studies through gene-network and pathway analyses. The results from these two GWAS studies support our existing understanding of complex diseases that defects in various interacting genes could contribute to the same disease.
In summary, the CNV results from the two studies have demonstrated the genetic heterogeneity nature of these two complex diseases. The findings also uncovered a set of putative disease candidate genes, which can be used as reference materials for future genetic research for ARMs and schizophrenia.published_or_final_version
Psychiatry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Lejeune, Julien. "Génétique et génomique des récepteurs de faible affinité pour le IgG - Implications pour le développement et l'analyse de la variabilité des effets des anticorps thérapeutiques." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR3140/document.
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Les récepteurs Fc jouent un rôle important en permettant aux cellules de l’immunité d’interagir avec lesanticorps, notamment thérapeutiques. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que des mécanismes de recombinaisonhomologue, de knock-in par insertion rétrovirale et de duplication segmentale ont permis l’acquisition chez lesPrimates (FCGR2A) puis chez les Hominidés (FCGR2C et FCGR3B) de gènes codant des récepteurs Fc ayantde nouvelles propriétés, tout en rendant instable ce cluster (variation de nombre de copies), et très complexeson analyse chez l’Homme. Grâce à une approche originale de pyroséquencage, nous sommes parvenus àétudier simultanément le polymorphisme allélique ORF/STOP du FCGR2C, ainsi que son nombre de copies.Nous avons ainsi révélé de nouveaux déséquilibres de liaison, s’ajoutant au déséquilibre FCGR3A-FCGR2Adont nous avons montré l’importance d’une prise en compte adaptée dans les études d’association avec laréponse aux anticorps thérapeutiques. Ces résultats devraient contribuer à améliorer le développement préclinique(pertinence des modèles animaux) et clinique (variabilité des effets) des anticorps thérapeutiquesFc receptors play an important allowing connexion between immune cells and antibody notably therapeutic. Inthis thesis, we have shown that homologous recombination events, knock-in by retroviral insertion andsegmental duplication led to the acquisition in primates (FCGR2A) then in Hominids (FCGR2C and FCGR3B)of genes coding for Fc receptors with new properties, led to genomic instability of the cluster (copy numbervariation) and to complex analysis in human. Through a original pyrosequencing approach, we have studiedsimultaneously ORF/STOP polymorphism and copy number variation of FCGR2C. We have also revealed newlinkage disequilibrium, additionnaly to FCGR3A-FCGR2A disequilibrium which we have shown theimportance of a suitable methdology in association studies with responses to therapeutic antibodies. Theseresults contribute to improve pre-clinical (of animal models) and clinical (variability effects) development oftherapeutic antibodies
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Higashi, Mitchell K. "Assessing the clinical and economic impact of genetic polymorphisms /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7975.
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Mattos, Marlon Fraga. "Níveis séricos e polimorfismos genéticos das interleucinas IL-6 E IL-10 em indivíduos com síndrome de down." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/433.
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Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent human chromosomopathy with approximate incidence of the 1 to 850 live births, nearly 90-95% of these cases are characterized by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 as a result of the meiotic nondisjunction. DS individuals present many clinic features, including immunological changes that result in altered inflammatory response. The immune response is modulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines whose expression could be influenced by genetic polymorphisms in the coding or promoter region within the gene. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of the -174G/C, -572G/C e -597G/A polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL) 6 gene promoter region and of the -592C/A, -1082A/G e -819C/T polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter region in individuals with DS, and a control group without 21 trisomy, as well as to investigate the impact of the studied genotypes in the interleukins serum levels. Material and Methods: DNA samples of 200 DS individuals and 200 controls without DS were submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or real time PCR for evaluate to presence of the -174G>C, -572G>C, and -597G>A IL-6 and -592C>A, -1082A>G, and -819C>T IL-10 polymorphisms. The serum measurement of IL-6 and IL-10 was performed in a subgroup (54 cases and 54 controls) by ELISA essay. The genotypic distribution between groups was performed by multiple logistic regression by SNPStats, program, and the linkage disequilibrium evaluation and haplotype frequency was performed by Haploview program. The comparison of IL-6 and IL-10 serum level between the groups was performed by Mann Whitney test, the interleukins concentrations analyze in relation to genotypes was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, using the GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software. The standard error of 5% was accept. Result: Either the frequency of IL-6 and IL-10 polymorphisms or their haplotypes did not show differences between the case and control groups. There was no association between the IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels and the IL-6 and IL-10 polymorphisms. IL-10 serum levels were increased in the case group in relation to control group. Conclusion: The frequencies of the polymorphisms and haplotypes evaluated are not different between individuals with and without DS. Genotypes show no effect on the IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels. The IL-10 serum levels are increased in DS individuals, but the IL-10 polymorphisms are not the main factors that influence in higher expression of the IL-10 in DS.
A síndrome de Down (SD) é a cromossomopatia humana mais frequente, com incidência aproximada de 1 em 850 nativivos e, em cerca de 90-95% dos casos, é atribuída à trissomia livre do cromossomo 21 resultante da não-disjunção meiótica. Os indivíduos com a síndrome apresentam várias características clínicas, incluindo alterações imunológicas que resultam em resposta inflamatória alterada. A resposta imune é modulada por citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias cuja expressão pode ser influenciada por polimorfismos genéticos na região codificante ou promotora do gene. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar as frequências dos polimorfismos -174G/C, -572G/C e -597G/A na região promotora do gene da interleucina (IL) 6 e dos polimorfismos -592C/A, -1082A/G e -819C/T na região promotora do gene da IL-10 em indivíduos com SD, e em um grupo controle sem a trissomia do cromossomo 21 e investigar o impacto dos genótipos estudados nos respectíveis níveis séricos das interleucinas. Materiais e Métodos: Amostras de DNA de 200 indivíduos com SD e 200 controles sem a síndrome foram submetidas à reação em cadeia da polimerase - polimorfismo no comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição (PCR-RFLP) ou PCR em tempo real para avaliação da presença dos polimorfismos IL-6 -174G/C, -572G/C e -597G/A e IL-10 -592C/A, -1082A/G e -819C/T. A dosagem sérica de IL-6 e IL-10 foi realizada em um subgrupo de indivíduos (54 casos e 54 controles) pela técnica de ELISA. A distribuição genotípica entre os grupos foi realizada por regressão logística pelo programa SNPStats, e a avaliação do desequilíbrio de ligação e frequência dos haplótipos foram realizadas pelo programa Haploview. A comparação dos níveis séricos de IL-6 e IL-10 entre os grupos foi realizada pelo teste de Mann Whitney. A análise das concentrações de interleucinas em relação aos genótipos foi realizada com o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, utilizando o software GraphPad Prism versão 6.0. O erro aceito foi de 5%. Resultado: A frequência dos polimorfismos de IL-6 e IL-10 e dos seus haplótipos não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos caso e controle. Também não houve associação entre os níveis séricos de IL-6 e IL-10 e os polimorfismos de IL-6 e IL-10. Os níveis séricos de IL-10 foram aumentados no grupo caso em relação ao grupo controle. Conclusão: As frequências dos polimorfismos e haplótipos estudados não diferem entre indivíduos com SD e sem a síndrome e os genótipos não têm efeito nos níveis séricos de IL-6 e IL-10. Os níveis de IL-10 são aumentados em indivíduos com SD, mas os polimorfismos no gene IL-10 não são os principais fatores que influenciam a expressão aumentada da IL-10 na SD.
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Huffman, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Genetic analysis of protein N-glycosylation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10038.
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The majority of human proteins are post-translationally modified by covalent addition of one or more complex oligosaccharides (glycans). Alterations in glycosylation processing are associated with numerous diseases and glycans are attracting increasing attention both as disease biomarkers and as targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Using a recently developed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for high-throughput glycan analysis, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 33 directly measured and 13 derived N-glycan features were performed in 3533 individuals from four European isolated populations. Polymorphisms at six loci were found to show genome-wide significant association with plasma concentrations of N-glycans. Several of these gene products have well characterised roles in glycosylation, however, SLC9A9 and HNF1A were two of the novel findings. Subsequent work performed by collaborators found HNF1A to be a “master regulator” of genes involved in the fucosylation of plasma N-glycans. Additionally, this work led to the discovery that N-glycans could act as biomarkers to discriminate HNF1A-MODY from type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1D, T2D) patients. After the success of the total plasma N-glycan GWAS, it was thought that stronger and more biologically interpretable associations may be found from the investigation of N-glycans isolated from a single protein. Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) influences IgG effector function by modulating binding to Fc receptors. To identify genetic networks that govern IgG glycosylation, N-linked IgG glycans were quantitated using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in 2247 individuals from the same four European populations from the previous study. GWAS of the 77 N-glycan measures identified 15 loci with a p-value < 5x10-08. Four loci contained genes encoding glycosyltransferases, while the remaining loci contained genes that have not previously been implicated in protein glycosylation. However, most have been associated with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions and/or hematological cancers. Several high-throughput methods for the analysis of N-glycans have been developed in the past few years but thorough validation and standardization of these methods is required before significant resources are invested in large-scale studies. To this end, four of these methods were compared, UPLC, multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis (xCGE), and two mass spectrometric (MS) methods, for quantitative profiling of N-glycosylation of plasma IgG in a subset of 1201 individuals recruited from two of the cohorts used in the previous GWAS studies. A “minimal” dataset was compiled of N-glycan structures able to be measured by all four methods. To evaluate their accuracy, correlations were calculated for each structure in the minimal dataset. Additionally, GWAS was performed to test if the same associations would be observed across methodologies. Chromatographic methods with either fluorescent or MS-detection yielded slightly stronger associations than MS-only and xCGE, but at the expense of lower levels of throughput. Advantages and disadvantages of each method were identified, which should aid in the selection of the most appropriate method for future studies. This work shows that it is possible to identify new loci that control glycosylation of plasma proteins using GWAS and the potential of N-glycans for biomarker development. It also provides some guidelines for methodology selection for future studies of N-glycans.
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Wang, Jue. "Regulation and polymorphism of CYP2A6, CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 : functional and clinical aspects /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-650-6/.
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Sawyer, Sarah Lynn. "Using SNPs to study complex genetic disease : a population and evolutionary genetics perspective /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-967-6/.
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Hallén, Elin. "Coagulation properties of milk : association with milk protein composition and genetic polymorphism /." Uppsala : Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200875.pdf.
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Reys, Brian D. "Correlations in Genetic Risk Scores Produced by Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Companies." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367925697.
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Mazalrey, Simon. "Facteurs de pathogenèse au cours des infections à virus BK : polymorphisme génétique viral et réponse immunitaire antivirale." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1007/document.
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Le polyomavirus BK (ou BKPyV) est un virus ubiquitaire qui infecte plus de 80% de la population adulte. Asymptomatique chez le sujet immunocompétent, il peut être la cause de cystites hémorragiques chez les greffés de cellules souches hématopoïétiques ou de néphropathies interstitielles après transplantation rénale. Parmi les facteurs de risques impliqués dans le développement des néphropathies à BKPyV, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude de la variabilité de la région régulatrice non codante (NCCR) du génome viral et à la réponse immunitaire cellulaire spécifique anti- BKPyV en post-greffe. La région NCCR du BKPyV est caractérisée par l’apparition de réarrangements (rrNCCR) chez certains patients présentant une virémie intense et prolongée. Ces réarrangements sont également observés in vitro au cours de la multiplication virale sur cellules permissives. Dans le but de caractériser les rrNCCR et d’étudier leur impact sur la réplication virale, nous avons étudié l’émergence de ces réarrangements in vitro et in vivo sur des échantillons cliniques d’une cohorte de transplantés du rein du CHU de Nantes. Par ailleurs, nous avons étudié la réponse spécifique anti-BKPyV dans les premiers mois postgreffe dans une cohorte prospective de patients adultes transplantés de rein. Nos résultats montrent une augmentation du taux des anticorps au cours de l’infection, et l’absence de valeur prédictive de la réponse médiée par les lymphocytes T sur la survenue d’une infection active à BKPyV. L’ensemble de ces résultats contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes en jeu au cours des infections à BKPyV en transplantation rénaleThe BK polyomavirus is ubiquitous and infects the majority of the adult population. It is not associated with any specific disease in immunocompetent individuals, but can be responsible for hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplantation or interstitial nephropathy after kidney transplantation. Among the different risk factors involved in the development of such opportunistic diseases, we focused on the genetic polymorphism of the non coding control region of the viral genome (NCCR) and on the specific immune responses directed against BKPyV after kidney transplantation. The NCCR region is characterized by the emergence of rearrangements in vitro on permissive cells, and in vivo in case of prolonged infection and high viral loads. We described the emergence of such rearranged strains in vitro, correlated them with increased viral replication and transcription, and compared these sequences with clinical strains obtained from kidney transplanted patients. Our second objective was to study the specific immune responses in the first months following kidney transplantation. We showed that the active infection was associated with an increase in the anti-BKPyV IgG levels, and that the detection of a CD4+ or CD8+ mediated response was not predictive of a protection toward viral reactivation. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the different factors involved in the pathogenesis of BKPyV infections
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Donati, Mauro. "Gene polymorphisms and related cell markers in periodontitis lesions /." Göteborg : Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/20298.
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Abel, Erika Lammert. "The functional significance of genetic polymorphisms in human glutathione S-transferases /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8460.
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Marino, Jennifer L. "Occupation, shift work, and T3111C hCLOCK polymorphism and risk of endometriosis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10871.
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Gerber, Jaclyn. "Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms : relevance in two South African disease populations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53345.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With knowledge of the human genome increasing constantly we are continually faced with new and potentially groundbreaking methods for managing, treating and/or identifying diseases and predisposition to diseases and conditions at a genetic level. The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) super-family of genes code for enzymes that can participate in metabolism of drugs and foreign chemicals and in steroid synthesis and metabolism. Mutations in these genes may contribute to clinically relevant diseases. In this study, the effects of mutations within four CYP genes were evaluated in two South African disease groups - variegate porphyria and breast cancer. Variegate porphyria (VP) has an unusually high incidence in South Africa due to the R59W founder mutation in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX) gene that causes a disruption in the haem biosynthetic pathway. VP presents with variable clinical symptoms and has a relatively low penetrance. It is expected that environmental factors and modifier genes play a role in the clinical expression of VP. CYP genes are implicated as candidate modifier genes for the expression of VP due to the function they have in metabolising many drugs contraindicated in porphyria patients, and the necessity of haem binding to the apoprotein to produce a functional CYP enzyme. This is the first study to investigate CYPs as possible modifier genes for VP clinical expression. Six CYP polymorphisms (CYPIAlml, CYPIAlm2, CYPIA2 - 734 C>A, CYPIBI 8372 A>C, CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4), associated with four CYP loci, were genotyped in a VP population and a suitable control population. The results observed are suggestive of CYPIAlml and CYPIBI playing a role as modifiers for the clinical expression of VP as they were significantly associated (P
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die konstante toename van kennis oor die mensgenoom kom ons voortdurend te staan voor nuwe metodes vir die beheer, behandeling en/of identifikasie van siektes en vatbaarheid vir siektes op 'n genetiese vlak. Die mens sitochroom P450 geensuperfamilie kodeer vir ensieme betrokke in die metabolisme van medisyne en ander chemiese stowwe en steroïed-sintese en -metabolisme. Mutasies in hierdie gene kan 'n bydrae lewer tot kliniese relevante siektes. In hierdie studie is die effek van mutasies in vier sitochroom gene bestudeer in twee Suid-Afrikaanse siekte groepe, variegate porfirie en borskanker. Variegate porfirie (VP) het 'n besonderse hoë frekwensie in Suid-Afrika as gevolg van die R59W stigter-mutasie in die protoporfirinogeen oksidase (PPOX) geen. Hierdie mutasie lei tot 'n versteuring in die heem biosintese padweg. VP presenteer met variërende kliniese simptome en het 'n betreklike lae penetrasie. Daar word vermoed dat omgewingsfaktore en kandidaat modifiserende gene 'n rol speel in die kliniese beeld van VP. Sitochroom P450 gene is geïdentifiseer as kandidaat modifiserende gene as gevolg van hulle rol in die metabolisme van verbode medikasie vir porfirie pasiënte, asook die binding van heem aan die apoproteïen wat noodsaaklik is vir die produksie van funksionele sitochroom P450 ensiem. Hierdie is die eerste studie wat sitochroom P450 gene as moontlike modifiserende gene vir die kliniese uitdrukking van VP ondersoek. Ses sitochroom P450 polimorfismes (CYPIAlml, CYPIAlm2, CYPIA2 -734 C>A, CYPIBI 8372 A>C, CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4) is ondersoek in beide 'n VP populasie en 'n geskikte kontrole populasie. Die resultate suggereer 'n rol vir CYPIAlml en CYPIBI in die modifisering van die kliniese uitdrukking van VP aangesien hulle betekenisvolle assosiasie (P
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Yu, Chack-yung. "The gene structure and the polymorphism of the human complement component C4." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5a8473fb-01c1-43a1-961b-6c23f41c93f4.
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1. The DNA sequence of the human complement C4A gene from a cosmid clone Cos 3A3 was determined and the complete exon-intron structure elucidated. The 5' flanking region of the C4 gene contains three TATA sequences and a transcriptional enhancer core sequence, which are >200 nucleotides (nt) and 60-70 nt upstream from the CAP site, respectively. The gene consists of 42 exons coding for a precursor protein of 1745 residues. The first exon codes for a 51 nt 5' untranslated sequence, a leader peptide of 19 residues, and the N-terminus of the β chain. The β-α and the α-γ chain junctions are encoded by exons 17 and 34, respectively. The anaphylatoxin C4a and the thiolester site are encoded by phase 1-1 symmetrical exons. Most of the amino acids encoded at the splice junctions are polar or charged. Between exons 10 and 11 is a 6-7 kb intron that is flanked by direct long terminal repeats and may be absent in some C4 genes located at the second C4 locus. The last exon codes for the C-terminus of the γ chain and a 140 bp 3' untranslated sequence. The intergenic region between the C4 gene and its neighbouring 21-hydroxylase (210Hase) gene is ~3028 bp. 2. Eighteen polymorphic amino acids on C4 have been identified through genomic DNA, cDNA and protein sequencing. Fourteen of them are located on the* chain (C4a: 2 changes; C4d: 12 changes). The rest are scattered on the β and the γ chains. There are potential size variations by one residue on the β chain, and by a tripeptide that contains a sulphation site on the α chain. 3. Four common and rare C4 alleles have been cloned from individuals whose C4 proteins were chemically and serologically characterised. Analysis of the sequences at the C4d regions has allowed the identification of the C4A/C4B isotypic residues at positions 1101-6: C4A has the sequence PCPVLD, while C4B has the sequence LSPVIH. Presumably these isotypic residues are the cause of the class-specific, differential chemical reactivates. Moreover, the probable locations for the two Eodgers (Kg) and the six Chido (Ch) antigenic determinants were deduced. The C4B isotypic residues may be involved in the expression of the Ch2 and the Ch4 epitopes, while the C4A isotypic residues may not be related to either of the Eg determinants. 4. Definitive restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) representing the exact locations responsible for the isotypicity between C4A and C4B, and for their generally associated Rg1 and Ch1 antigenic determinants, have been designed. In combination with the Taq I polymorphic patterns specific for the C4 and for the 210Hase gene loci, it has been shown that the null allele of the HLA haplotype B44 DR6 C4A 3 C4B QO is not a C4B allele, but probably encodes another C4A 3 allotype at the second C4 locus.
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Wilson, Rachel Erin. "The Genetic Basis for Seed Coat Polymorphisms In Lupinus Perennis." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1566754995812035.
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Yang, Chongqing. "Single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and susceptibility to ovarian and endometrial cancer." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31456133.
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Sarzynski, Mark Andrew. "Association of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism with blood pressure in the Quebec Family Study interactions with adiposity, physical activity, and the ACE I/D polymorphism /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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