Relevant bibliographies by topics / Genetic Function

Academic literature on the topic 'Genetic Function'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Genetic Function"

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Sommers, Marilyn Sawyer, and Theresa Beerry. "Foundations of Genetics: Genetic Structure, Function, and Therapeutics." AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 9, no. 4 (November 1998): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00044067-199811000-00002.

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Montana, David J. "Strongly Typed Genetic Programming." Evolutionary Computation 3, no. 2 (June 1995): 199–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco.1995.3.2.199.

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Genetic programming is a powerful method for automatically generating computer programs via the process of natural selection (Koza, 1992). However, in its standard form, there is no way to restrict the programs it generates to those where the functions operate on appropriate data types. In the case when the programs manipulate multiple data types and contain functions designed to operate on particular data types, this can lead to unnecessarily large search times and/or unnecessarily poor generalization performance. Strongly typed genetic programming (STGP) is an enhanced version of genetic programming that enforces data-type constraints and whose use of generic functions and generic data types makes it more powerful than other approaches to type-constraint enforcement. After describing its operation, we illustrate its use on problems in two domains, matrix/vector manipulation and list manipulation, which require its generality. The examples are (1) the multidimensional least-squares regression problem, (2) the multidimensional Kalman filter, (3) the list manipulation function NTH, and (4) the list manipulation function MAPCAR.
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Hill, A., and K. Bloom. "Genetic manipulation of centromere function." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 7 (July 1987): 2397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.7.2397-2405.1987.

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A conditional centromere was constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by placing the centromere of chromosome III immediately downstream from the inducible GAL1 promoter from S. cerevisiae. By utilizing growth conditions that favor either transcriptional induction (galactose-carbon source) or repression (glucose-carbon source) from the GAL1 promoter, centromere function can be switched off or on, respectively. With the conditional centromere we were able to radically alter the mitotic transmission pattern of both monocentric and dicentric plasmids. Moreover, it was possible to selectively induce the loss of a single chromosome from a mitotically dividing population of cells. We observed that the induction of chromosome III aneuploidy resulted in a dramatic change in cell morphology. The construction of a conditional centromere represents a novel way to create conditional mutations of cis-acting DNA elements and will be useful for further analysis of this important stabilizing element.
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Schulman, I. G., and K. Bloom. "Genetic dissection of centromere function." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 6 (June 1993): 3156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.6.3156-3166.1993.

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A system to detect a minimal function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeres in vivo has been developed. Centromere DNA mutants have been examined and found to be active in a plasmid copy number control assay in the absence of segregation. The experiments allow the identification of a minimal centromere unit, CDE III, independently of its ability to mediate chromosome segregation. Centromere-mediated plasmid copy number control correlates with the ability of CDE III to assemble a DNA-protein complex. Cells forced to maintain excess copies of CDE III exhibit increased loss of a nonessential artificial chromosome. Thus, segregationally impaired centromeres can have negative effects in trans on chromosome segregation. The use of a plasmid copy number control assay has allowed assembly steps preceding chromosome segregation to be defined.
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JOOST, OSCAR, JEMMA B WILK, L. ADRIENNE CUPPLES, MICHAEL HARMON, AMANDA M SHEARMAN, CLINTON T BALDWIN, GEORGE T O'CONNOR, RICHARD H MYERS, and DANIEL J GOTTLIEB. "Genetic Loci Influencing Lung Function." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 165, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.165.6.2102057.

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Schulman, I. G., and K. Bloom. "Genetic dissection of centromere function." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 6 (June 1993): 3156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.6.3156.

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A system to detect a minimal function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeres in vivo has been developed. Centromere DNA mutants have been examined and found to be active in a plasmid copy number control assay in the absence of segregation. The experiments allow the identification of a minimal centromere unit, CDE III, independently of its ability to mediate chromosome segregation. Centromere-mediated plasmid copy number control correlates with the ability of CDE III to assemble a DNA-protein complex. Cells forced to maintain excess copies of CDE III exhibit increased loss of a nonessential artificial chromosome. Thus, segregationally impaired centromeres can have negative effects in trans on chromosome segregation. The use of a plasmid copy number control assay has allowed assembly steps preceding chromosome segregation to be defined.
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Jones, L. C. "Genetic regulation of endothelial function." Heart 91, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2005.061325.

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Hill, A., and K. Bloom. "Genetic manipulation of centromere function." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 7 (July 1987): 2397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.7.2397.

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A conditional centromere was constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by placing the centromere of chromosome III immediately downstream from the inducible GAL1 promoter from S. cerevisiae. By utilizing growth conditions that favor either transcriptional induction (galactose-carbon source) or repression (glucose-carbon source) from the GAL1 promoter, centromere function can be switched off or on, respectively. With the conditional centromere we were able to radically alter the mitotic transmission pattern of both monocentric and dicentric plasmids. Moreover, it was possible to selectively induce the loss of a single chromosome from a mitotically dividing population of cells. We observed that the induction of chromosome III aneuploidy resulted in a dramatic change in cell morphology. The construction of a conditional centromere represents a novel way to create conditional mutations of cis-acting DNA elements and will be useful for further analysis of this important stabilizing element.
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Menkes, John H. "Genetic disorders of mitochondrial function." Journal of Pediatrics 110, no. 2 (February 1987): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80166-x.

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Szewczak, Lara. "Finding Genetic Regulators, Forecasting Function." Cell 174, no. 2 (July 2018): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.043.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Genetic Function"

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Shi, Bu-Jun. "Expression and function of cucumoviral genomes." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5546.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 104-130. The aim of this thesis is to characterise subgenomic RNAs of cucumoviruses and the functions of their encoding genes. Strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are classified into two major subgroups (I and II) on the basis of nucleotide sequence homology. The V strain of tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) and a subgroup I CMV strain (WAII) are chosen to determine whether the 2b genes encoded by these viruses are expressed 'in vivo'. For further investigation of the 2b gene function, cDNA clones of three genomic RNAs of V-TAV are constructed. Using the infectious cDNA clones of V-TAV, a mutant virus containing only one of the two repeats is constructed.
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Obeidat, Ma’en. "Genetic determinants of lung function measures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580163.

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The evidence of a genetic contribution to lung function measures, both baseline and in response to bronchodilator has been well established. Candidate gene studies have identified more than 100 genes suggested to contribute to variability in lung function. Apart from alpha 1 antitrypsin (AA T) gene; which is the most documented genetic risk factor for COPD, the findings were not consistent and replication of findings was limited. Similarly, most P2-adrenergic receptor agonist pharmacogenetic studies focused on the ADRB2 gene, yet with conflicting reports. Unravelling genetic determinants of lung function measures will help us better understand the normal functioning of the airways, the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases and help develop novel therapies. Work presented in this thesis describes a series of studies undertaken to examine the contribution of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to variability in lung function. Through contributing to large scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the SpiroMeta consortium (discovery n= 20,288 and replication n=54,276), we were able to identify five novel loci influencing forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV I) or its ratio to forced vital capacity (FEVIIFVC): GSTCD-INTS12(4q24), HTR4 (5q31-q33), AGER(6p21.3), TNS1 (2q35-q36), and THSD4 (15q23). I also showed their corresponding mRNAs to be expressed in airway related cell types. These loci point to novel pathways regulating lung function; potentially through lung development and tissue remodelling pathways, and were at large independent from smoking behaviour. Molecular characterisation of GSTCD-INTSl2identified novel transcripts in the lung, and putative promoter regions were mapped. Interestingly, a degree of correlation of expression was found for GSTCD- INTS 12 mRNAs in multiple airway cell types, suggesting shared regulatory mechanisms. Given the absence of any overlap between previously reported candidate genes for lung function and SpiroMeta GW AS loci, an evaluation of candidate genes was undertaken in theunique SpiroMeta sample (n=20,288) which did not support a role for the majority of the candidate genes tested. A potential role for AAT among smokers and PDE4D in the general population was however, suggested. The GW AS of response to salbutamol in severe asthma subjects has identified a number of novel loci; particularly the association of DLClon chromosome 8.This novel pathway association (GTPase activating protein! GTP-GDP/ Rho A) offers the potential to develop new therapies and to design personalised medicine approaches to help individuals with asthma. Future work will involve refining the association regions through population based re-sequencing approaches followed by detailed functional characterisation of associated genes to delineate the mechanisms underlying their associations with lung function.
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Yu, Chris 1981. "Characterizing function inlining with genetic programming." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33392.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
Function inlining is a compiler optimization where the function call is replaced by the code from the function itself. Using a form of machine learning called genetic programming, this thesis examines which factors are important in determining which function calls to inline to maximize performance. A number of different heuristics are generated for inlining decisions in the Trimaran compiler, which improve on performance from the current default inlining heuristic. Also, trends in function inlining are examined over the thousands of compilation runs that are completed.
by Chris Yu.
M.Eng.
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Golby, Jessica A. "Genetic analysis of Drosophila NSF function /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10247.

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Georgiou, Marios Andrew. "A molecular genetic analysis of commissureless function." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271968.

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Birkett, Paul Brian Lawrie. "Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and cognitive function." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431227.

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Reed, Patricia. "Function of bacteriophage Orf recombinases in genetic exchange." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4917/.

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Recombination events in bacteriophages frequently occur by illegitimate exchange at short tracts of sequence homology, enabling these viruses to acquire novel genes and serve as vehicles for horizontal gene transfer. The emergence of new pathogenic organisms due to the acquisition of virulence determinants from bacterial viruses has stimulated considerable interest in the mechanisms of phage recombination. Bacteriophage λ encodes its own recombination system, consisting of Exo, β and γ proteins. An additional λ recombinase, Orf, participates in the early stages of exchange, supplying a function equivalent to the Escherichia coli RecFOR complex. The host enzyme complex promotes the loading of the RecA strand exchange protein onto SSB-coated ssDNA. This thesis describes the purification and biochemical analysis of the λ Orf protein, in parallel with two distantly related homologs from E. coli cryptic prophage DLP12 and Staphylococcus aureus phage ɸETA.X Orf was found to belong to a family of proteins originating from diverse lambdoid phage and prophage sources. Members of this family reside within a conserved genetic module located between phage replication and cell lysis functions. Orf exists as a homodimer, arranged as a toroid with a shallow cleft running perpendicular to the central cavity. K binds preferentially to DNA containing single- stranded regions, and associates with E. coli SSB protein in the presence of ssDNA. The Orf homolog from E. coli DLP12 displayed similar properties. This work suggests that members of the Orf family function as recombination mediator proteins, stimulating the assembly of strand exchange proteins onto ssDNA, and highlights the importance of overcoming the barrier presented by SSB proteins during lambdoid phage recombination.
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Buender, Til. "Structural, biochemical and genetic dissection of RPS19 function." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609522.

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Marcão, Ana Maria Lopes. "Arylsulfatase A : Genetic epidemiology and structure/ function studies." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9650.

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Marcão, Ana Maria Lopes. "Arylsulfatase A : Genetic epidemiology and structure/ function studies." Tese, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9650.

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Books on the topic "Genetic Function"

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Ochs, Michael F. Gene function analysis. New York: Humana Press, 2014.

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Nicolini, Claudio, and Paul O. P. Ts’o, eds. Structure and Function of the Genetic Apparatus. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5024-8.

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Domenico, Accili, ed. Genetic manipulation of receptor expression and function. New York: Wiley-Liss, 2000.

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Genes and cardiovascular function. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Stefanini, M., C. Boitani, M. Galdieri, R. Geremia, and F. Palombi, eds. Testicular Function: From Gene Expression to Genetic Manipulation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03671-6.

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Wolffe, A. Regulation of chromatin structure and function. Austin, TX: R.G. Landes, 1994.

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Mechanisms of gene expression: Structure, function and evolution of the basal transcriptional machinery. London: Imperial College Press, 1999.

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Cortical deficits in schizophrenia: From genes to function. New York: Springer, 2008.

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Kennedy, Breandán Noel. Molecular characterisation of cellular retinaldehyde binding protein: Gene regulation and protein function. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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Billings, S. A. Radial basis function network configuration using genetic algorithms =: By S.A.Billings and G.L.Zheng. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Genetic Function"

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Wang, Shixian, Yuehui Chen, and Peng Wu. "Function Sequence Genetic Programming." In Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence, 984–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04020-7_106.

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van der Deure, Wendy M., Marco Medici, Robin P. Peeters, and Theo J. Visser. "Genetic Influences on Thyroid Function Tests." In Thyroid Function Testing, 21–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1485-9_2.

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Ozaki, Kouichi, and Toshihiro Tanaka. "Genetic Background of Myocardial Infarction." In Genes and Cardiovascular Function, 113–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7207-1_12.

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Fraley, Robert T., Stephen G. Rogers, Robert B. Horsch, Ganesh M. Kishore, Roger N. Beachy, Nilgun N. Tumer, David A. Fischhoff, Xavier Delannay, Harry J. Klee, and Dilip M. Shah. "Genetic Engineering for Crop Improvement." In Chromosome Structure and Function, 283–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1037-2_13.

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Siegel, Vivian, and Peter Walter. "Structure and Function of the Signal Recognition Particle." In Genetic Engineering, 181–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9456-7_10.

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Hannah-Shmouni, Fady, and Constantine A. Stratakis. "Genetic Disorders of Adrenocortical Function." In Endocrinology, 727–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44675-2_29.

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Hannah-Shmouni, Fady, and Constantine A. Stratakis. "Genetic Disorders of Adrenocortical Function." In Endocrinology, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27318-1_29-1.

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Hannah-Shmouni, Fady, and Constantine A. Stratakis. "Genetic Disorders of Adrenocortical Function." In Endocrinology, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27318-1_29-2.

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Clarke, Angus. "Disorders of blood and immune function." In Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling, 387–94. Eighth edition | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020] | Preceded by Practical genetic counselling / Peter S. Harper. 7th ed. 2010.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367371944-27.

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Ding, Shi-You, Raphael Lamed, Edward A. Bayer, and Michael E. Himmel. "The Bacterial Scaffoldin: Structure, Function and Potential Applications in the Nanosciences." In Genetic Engineering, 209–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0073-5_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Genetic Function"

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Tinós, Renato, Zhao Liang, Francisco Chicano, and Darrell Whitley. "A New Evaluation Function for Clustering." In GECCO '16: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2908812.2908831.

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Miller, Julian F., and Maktuba Mohid. "Function optimization using cartesian genetic programming." In Proceeding of the fifteenth annual conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2464576.2464646.

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Gordon, V. Scott, Keith Mathias, and Darrell Whitley. "Cellular genetic algorithms as function optimizers." In the 1994 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/326619.326732.

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Foss, Fredrik, and Ole Jakob Mengshoel. "A multimethod approach to multimodal function optimization." In GECCO '21: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3449726.3459435.

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Bulanova, Nina, and Maxim Buzdalov. "Black-box complexity of the binary value function." In GECCO '19: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3322070.

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Yang, Hao, and Xiaoxi Du. "Genetic Function Analysis in Corporate Developing Process." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5577579.

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Yongxian Li and Weizeng Chen. "A hybrid genetic algorithm for multimodal function." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicisys.2009.5357801.

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Yan Wang and Zheng Tang. "Complex-valued genetic algorithm for function optimization." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691862.

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Wang, Shixian, Qingjie Zhao, Yuehui Chen, and Peng Wu. "Function Sequence Genetic Programming for pattern classification." In 2011 Seventh International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2011.6022170.

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Jaśkowski, Wojciech, Marcin Szubert, Paweł Liskowski, and Krzysztof Krawiec. "High-Dimensional Function Approximation for Knowledge-Free Reinforcement Learning." In GECCO '15: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754783.

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Reports on the topic "Genetic Function"

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Noviskey, Michael J., Timothy D. Ross, David A. Gadd, and Mark Axtell. Application of Genetic Algorithms to Function Decomposition in Pattern Theory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327931.

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Knoblauch, Roland. Using Genetic Means to Identify Factors that Affect Estrogen Receptor Function. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390793.

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Verma, Inder, and Quan Zhu. A Genetic Screen for Genes Involved in BRCA 1 Tumor Suppressor Function. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469482.

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Christopher, David A., and Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.

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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
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Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.

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The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.
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Hanson, D. K., D. M. Tiede, S. L. Nance, Chong-Hwan Chang, and M. Schiffer. Genetic probes of structure/function relationships in the Q{sub B} binding site of the photosynthetic reaction center. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148981.

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7

Schaffer, Arthur, Jack Preiss, Marina Petreikov, and Ilan Levin. Increasing Starch Accumulation via Genetic Modification of the ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591740.bard.

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The overall objective of the research project was to utilize biochemical insights together with both classical and molecular genetic strategies to improve tomato starch accumulation. The proposal was based on the observation that the transient starch accumulation in the immature fruit serves as a reservoir for carbohydrate and soluble sugar content in the mature fruit, thereby impacting on fruit quality. The general objectives were to optimize AGPase function and activity in developing fruit in order to increase its transient starch levels. The specific research objectives were to: a) perform directed molecular evolution of the limiting enzyme of starch synthesis, AGPase, focussing on the interaction of its regulatory and catalytic subunits; b) determine the mode of action of the recently identified allelic variant for the regulatory subunit in tomato fruit that leads to increased AGPase activity and hence starch content. During the course of the research project major advances were made in understanding the interaction of the small and large subunits of AGPase, in particular the regulatory roles of the different large subunits, in determining starch synthesis. The research was performed using various experimental systems, including bacteria and Arabidopsis, potato and tomato, allowing for broad and meaningful conclusions to be drawn. A novel discovery was that one of the large subunits of tomato AGPase is functional as a monomer. A dozen publications describing the research were published in leading biochemical and horticultural journals. The research results clearly indicated that increasing AGPase activity temporally in the developing fruit increase the starch reservoir and, subsequently, the fruit sugar content. This was shown by a comparison of the carbohydrate balance in near-isogenic tomato lines differing in a gene encoding for the fruit-specific large subunit (LS1). The research also revealed that the increase in AGPase activity is due to a temporal extension of LS1 gene expression in the developing fruit which in turn stabilizes the limiting heterotetrameric enzyme, leading to sustained starch synthesis. This genetic variation can successfully be utilized in the breeding of high quality tomatoes.
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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Zhenbiao Yang. Chemical Genetics of the COP9 Signalosome: Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699844.bard.

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This was an exploratory one-year study to identify chemical regulators of the COP9 signalosome. Chemical Genetics uses small molecules to modify or disrupt the function of specific genes/proteins. This is in contrast to classical genetics, in which mutations disrupt the function of genes. The underlying concept is that the functions of most proteins can be altered by the binding of a chemical, which can be found by screening large libraries for compounds that specifically affect a biological, molecular or biochemical process. In addition to screens for chemicals which inhibit specific biological processes, chemical genetics can also be employed to find inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. Small molecules altering protein-protein interactions are valuable tools in probing protein-protein interactions. In this project, we aimed to identify chemicals that disrupt the COP9 signalosome. The CSN is an evolutionarily conserved eight-subunit protein complex whose most studied role is regulation of E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Mutants in subunits of the CSN undergo photomorphogenesis in darkness and accumulate high levels of pigments in both dark- and light-grown seedlings, and are defective in a wide range of important developmental and environmental-response pathways. Our working hypothesis was that specific molecules will interact with the CSN7 protein such that binding to its various interacting proteins will be inhibited. Such a molecule would inhibit either CSN assembly, or binding of CSN-interacting proteins, and thus specifically inhibit CSN function. We used an advanced chemical genetic screen for small-molecule-inhibitors of CSN7 protein-protein interactions. In our pilot study, following the screening of ~1200 unique compounds, we isolated four chemicals which reproducibly interfere with CSN7 binding to either CSN8 or CSN6.
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Li, Yan, Yuhao Luo, and Xin Lu. PHEV Energy Management Optimization Based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0739.

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The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) gradually moves into the mainstream market with its excellent power and energy consumption control, and has become the research target of many researchers. The energy management strategy of plug-in hybrid vehicles is more complicated than conventional gasoline vehicles. Therefore, there are still many problems to be solved in terms of power source distribution and energy saving and emission reduction. This research proposes a new solution and realizes it through simulation optimization, which improves the energy consumption and emission problems of PHEV to a certain extent. First, on the basis that MATLAB software has completed the modeling of the key components of the vehicle, the fuzzy controller of the vehicle is established considering the principle of the joint control of the engine and the electric motor. Afterwards, based on the Isight and ADVISOR co-simulation platform, with the goal of ensuring certain dynamic performance and optimal fuel economy of the vehicle, the multi-island genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the membership function of the fuzzy control strategy to overcome it to a certain extent. The disadvantages of selecting parameters based on experience are compensated for, and the efficiency and feasibility of fuzzy control are improved. Finally, the PHEV vehicle model simulation comparison was carried out under the UDDS working condition through ADVISOR software. The optimization results show that while ensuring the required power performance, the vehicle fuzzy controller after parameter optimization using the multi-island genetic algorithm is more efficient, which can significantly reduce vehicle fuel consumption and improve exhaust emissions.
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Mawassi, Munir, Baozhong Meng, and Lorne Stobbs. Development of Virus Induced Gene Silencing Tools for Functional Genomics in Grapevine. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7613887.bard.

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Grapevine is perhaps the most widely grown fruit crop. To understand the genetic make-up so as to improve the yield and quality of grapes and grape products, researchers in Europe have recently sequenced the genomes of Pinot noir and its inbred. As expected, function of many grape genes is unknown. Functional genomics studies have become the major focus of grape researchers and breeders. Current genetic approaches for gene function studies include mutagenesis, crossing and genetic transformation. However, these approaches are difficult to apply to grapes and takes long periods of time to accomplish. It is thus imperative to seek new ways for grape functional genomics studies. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers an attractive alternative for this purpose and has proven highly effective in several herbaceous plant species including tomato, tobacco and barley. VIGS offers several advantages over existing functional genomics approaches. First, it does not require transformation to silence a plant gene target. Instead, it induces silencing of a plant gene through infection with a virus that contains the target gene sequence, which can be accomplished within a few weeks. Second, different plant genes can be readily inserted into the viral genome via molecular cloning and functions of a large number of genes can be identified within a short period of time. Our long-term goal of this research is to develop VIGS-based tools for grapevine functional genomics, made of the genomes of Grapevine virus A (GVA) from Israel and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) from Canada. GVA and GRSPaV are members of the Flexiviridae. Both viruses have single-stranded, positive sense RNA genomes, which makes them easy to manipulate genetically and excellent candidates as VIGS vectors. In our three years research, several major breakthroughs have been made by the research groups involved in this project. We have engineered a cDNA clone of GVA into a binary vector that is infectious upon delivery into plantlets of micropropagated Vitis viniferacv. Prime. We further developed the GVA into an expression vector that successfully capable to silence endogenous genes. We also were able to assemble an infectious full-length cDNA clones of GRSPaV. In the following sections Achievements and Detailed description of the research activities, we are presenting the outcome and results of this research in details.
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