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Journal articles on the topic 'Genetic fingerprints'
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1
Secundo, Lavi, Kobi Snitz, Kineret Weissler, Liron Pinchover, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Ron Loewenthal, Nancy Agmon-Levin, et al. "Individual olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 28 (June 22, 2015): 8750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424826112.
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Each person expresses a potentially unique subset of ∼400 different olfactory receptor subtypes. Given that the receptors we express partially determine the odors we smell, it follows that each person may have a unique nose; to capture this, we devised a sensitive test of olfactory perception we termed the “olfactory fingerprint.” Olfactory fingerprints relied on matrices of perceived odorant similarity derived from descriptors applied to the odorants. We initially fingerprinted 89 individuals using 28 odors and 54 descriptors. We found that each person had a unique olfactory fingerprint (P < 10−10), which was odor specific but descriptor independent. We could identify individuals from this pool using randomly selected sets of 7 odors and 11 descriptors alone. Extrapolating from this data, we determined that using 34 odors and 35 descriptors we could individually identify each of the 7 billion people on earth. Olfactory perception, however, fluctuates over time, calling into question our proposed perceptual readout of presumably stable genetic makeup. To test whether fingerprints remain informative despite this temporal fluctuation, building on the linkage between olfactory receptors and HLA, we hypothesized that olfactory perception may relate to HLA. We obtained olfactory fingerprints and HLA typing for 130 individuals, and found that olfactory fingerprint matching using only four odorants was significantly related to HLA matching (P < 10−4), such that olfactory fingerprints can save 32% of HLA tests in a population screen (P < 10−6). In conclusion, a precise measure of olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information.
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Geethalakshmi C and Shipra Rohatgi. "Forensic Examination of Fingerprint Patterns among Different Generations in South Indian Families." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, no. 2 (April 27, 2024): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/nant0x80.
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Fingerprint patterns are unique and reliable for identification. This research paper focuses on a comparative analysis to determine the inheritance of fingerprint patterns within Indian families. The sample collection process for this comparative analysis involved working with 10 families. The study aims to gain insights into the hereditary aspects of fingerprint characteristics among the Indian population. The research methodology involves the collection of fingerprints and the analysis of patterns using microscopes, magnifying lenses, and software. The results reveal both class and individual characteristics within fingerprints, contributing to our understanding of dermatoglyphics. The average class characteristics percentage totals around 71.5%, with an average individual characteristic percentage of approximately 13.6%. The research has implications for forensic investigations, genetics, and personal identification systems. Further studies with larger sample sizes and genetic analysis integration are recommended for future research.
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Horita, Mitsuo, and Kenicki Tsuchiya. "Genetic Diversity of Japanese Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum." Phytopathology® 91, no. 4 (April 2001): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.4.399.
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The genetic diversity of 74 Japanese strains of Ralstonia solanacearum was assessed by pathogenicity tests and the repetitive sequencebased polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprint method. Based on their genomic fingerprints, biovar N2 strains were divided into two distinct groups, one consisting of potato isolates belonging to race 3, and the other consisting of tomato, eggplant, pepper, and tobacco isolates belonging to race 1. Biovar 3 strains had low average similarity and were divided into five groups that differed in original host or pathogenicity. Biovar 4 strains consisted of only one group at the 80% similarity level. Comparative analysis of the rep-PCR fingerprints of 78 strains, including six biovars from Japan and various countries, revealed two main clusters. Cluster 1 comprised all biovar 3, 4, and 5 strains, biovar 1 strains from Reunion, and some biovar N2 strains from Japan. Cluster 2 included most of the biovar 1, 2, and N2 strains. The fingerprints showed low average similarity with biovar N2 strains from Japan and Brazil.
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ÇINGI, Haci İsmail, Sadettin ÇALDIRAN, Mustafa YILMAZ, and Ömer ÇINGI. "An Investigation of the Relationship between Fingerprints and Anaerobic Powers of Sports Sciences Students." Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi 4, no. 2 (August 15, 2023): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52108/2757-5942.4.2.6.
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In this study, the relationship between fingerprints and the anaerobic power of athletes was analyzed in a random sample group in correlation type. Fingerprints have been used electronically for identification in forensic criminology and authentication in business and social life with the development of dermatoglyphics science in the last century and the understanding that fingerprints are unique to the individual. Today, it is known that much research is being carried out to determine genetic characteristics, heredity, gender, character, and ability analysis from fingerprints. In this study, the height and weight measurements of 126 athletes from Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Sports Sciences were taken with the appropriate sampling method, and the vertical jump test was applied to the individuals. The anaerobic power of the athletes was calculated with these collected data. The coding method determined 10 fingerprints of the same sample group, and fingerprint classes and attributes were determined by observation. According to the findings obtained from the data analysis, a significant difference was observed between the anaerobic powers of the athletes according to their fingerprint classes. The anaerobic power of athletes with W2 Normal fingerprint codes has been observed to be higher than those without W2. However, it has been observed that fingerprints in certain codes increase and decrease in direct proportion to anaerobic power. In light of the data obtained in this study, limited but meaningful data were obtained in the direction of detecting sportive skills from fingerprints.
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Fox, Jeffrey L. "FBI Embracing Genetic Fingerprints." Nature Biotechnology 7, no. 6 (June 1989): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0689-551.
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LH, Adamu, and Taura MG. "Embryogenesis and Applications of Fingerprints- a review." International Journal of Human Anatomy 1, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-17-1539.
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Fingerprint is an impression made by the friction ridges that are almost parallel at constant crest to crest wavelength. The pattern is dominated by central features, such as whorls, loops, arches and triradii. Fingerprints have been used for several decades in forensic and medical sciences. The fingerprints characteristics such uniqueness, consistency and universality are the main features that are used by forensic experts in identification processes, are well developed during intra-uterine life. Understanding embryogenesis of fingerprints is essential in linking its features to some disease conditions. The purpose of this review was to highlight information regarding establishment, formation, hypotheses and factors affecting fingerprints. Applications of the fingerprints in forensic and medical sciences were also highlighted. Both environmental (in utero) and genetic factors have role to play in the formation of the fingerprints. The primary role of fingerprints is personal identification; these can be achieved through revealing sex, ethnicity, diet and lifestyle of an individual. In another perspective the fingerprints can be used as tools in diagnosis and ascertaining presence of disease conditions, however, this is population specific.
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Thachil, Anil J., Binu T. Velayudhan, Vanessa C. Lopes-Berkas, David A. Halvorson, and Kakambi V. Nagaraja. "Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction Fingerprinting to Differentiate Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale Isolates." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, no. 4 (July 2007): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900415.
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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an infectious respiratory pathogen of chickens, turkeys, and wild birds. There are 18 serotypes of ORT reported worldwide. In this study, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA assay with Universal M13 primer-based fingerprinting techniques were investigated for their ability to differentiate ORT isolates. The authors examined 50 field isolates and 8 reference strains of ORT for their genetic differences. The fingerprint patterns were compared with serotyping results of ORT by the agar gel precipitation test. M13 fingerprinting revealed different patterns for 6 reference serotypes of ORT that were tested, namely, C, D, E, I, J, and K. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale reference serotypes A and F yielded indistinguishable fingerprints with M13 fingerprinting. The ERIC 1R technique discerned only 5 of the 8 reference serotypes of ORT. Distinct fingerprints were also found within the ORT serotypes with both techniques. From 58 isolates of ORT that were fingerprinted belonging to 8 ORT serotypes, 10 different fingerprints were obtained with M13 fingerprinting and 6 different fingerprints were obtained with ERIC 1R fingerprinting. M13 fingerprinting technique was found to be more discriminative in differentiating ORT isolates than the ERIC 1R fingerprinting technique. These results suggest that fingerprinting techniques may be a more discerning tool for characterizing ORT isolates than the serological test using the agar gel precipitation test. This fingerprinting technique could potentially be a valuable tool in identifying an isolate from a clinical outbreak of ORT infection for development of an autogenous vaccine.
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Sperry, Beau P., Megan Allyse, and Richard R. Sharp. "Genetic Fingerprints and National Security." American Journal of Bioethics 17, no. 5 (April 21, 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2017.1316627.
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Enserink, M. "ANTHRAX: Taking Anthrax's Genetic Fingerprints." Science 294, no. 5548 (November 30, 2001): 1810–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5548.1810.
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AL- Ghufaili, Melath, Taif Razaq Majid, and Attyaf Al-Tamimi. "Study Genetic Distances Amonge Nine Okra, (Abelmoschus, esculentus) genotypes UsingTen ISSR markers." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v12.i3.11787.
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Ten from molecular marker ISSRs, (Inter, - Simple, Sequence, Repeats.) were used to find genetic, diversity, genetic* relationship, and DNA* fingerprint* of nine Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes. Primers varied among them in giving unique DNA fingerprints, primers (UBC-809, HB12, and HBS10) gave a unique fingerprint for one genotype of okra, while primers (844A, UBC808) give unique fingerprint for four genotypes. High genetic distance was (0.722) between Egypt and Hasnawia while low genetic distance was (0.074) between Hasnawia and Lahluba. Cluster analysis (Phylogenetic tree) grouped studied genotypes in to two main cluster, the first large one included six genotype(Mosulia , Houseagrl, Khnisiraa ,Hasnawia ,Lahluba and Batra) and other small one includes three genotype (Soutl,Egypt and Zasco seed).ISSR marker could reveal genetic relationship in studied genotypes according to their origin, thus it gave an excellent tool to breeding programs help breeders .
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Lavi, U., J. Hillel, A. Vainstein, E. Lahav, and D. Sharon. "Application of DNA Fingerprints for Identification and Genetic Analysis of Avocado." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 6 (November 1991): 1078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.6.1078.
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Application of four DNA fingerprint probes to avocado (Persea americana Mill.) resulted in identification of various cultivars, characterization of the three avocado races, and a genetic analysis of family structure. Genomic DNA from 14 cultivars was probed with four DNA fingerprint probes. Three of the probes gave well-resolved bands. The individual-specific patterns obtained for each cultivar validate the use of this technique for definitive cultivar characterization, with the probability of obtaining a similar pattern for two different cultivars being 2 × 10-9. DNA mixes representing either Mexican, Guatemalan, or West-Indian avocado races were hybridized with the DNA fingerprint probes, and a band pattern characteristic for each race was obtained. Progeny of a cross between the cultivars Ettinger and Pinkerton were analyzed. Their DNA fingerprints revealed one pair of linked bands and another band allelic to one of them. The application of these observations to identification, evolutionary studies, and breeding is discussed.
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Mishra, Annapurna, and Satchidananda Dehuri. "Real-time online fingerprint image classification using adaptive hybrid techniques." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4372-4381.
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<p class="Abstract">This paper presents three different hybrid classification techniques applied for the first time in real-time online fingerprint classification. Classification of online real time fingerprints is a complex task as it involves adaptation and tuning of classifier parameters for better classification accuracy. To accomplish the optimal adaptation of parameters of functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) for real-time online fingerprint classification, proven and established optimizers, such as Biogeography based optimizer (BBO), Genetic algorithm (GA), and Particle swarm optimizer (PSO) are intelligently infused with it to form hybrid classifiers. The global features of the real-time fingerprints are extracted using a Gabor filter-bank and then passed into adaptive hybrid classifiers for the desired classification as per the Henry system. Three hybrid classifiers, the optimized weight adapted Biogeography based optimized functional link artificial neural network (BBO-FLANN), Genetic algorithm based functional link artificial neural network (GA-FLANN) and Particle swarm optimized functional link artificial neural network (PSO-FLANN), are explored for real-time online fingerprint classification, where the PSO-FLANN technique is showing superior performance as compared to GA-FLANN and BBO-FLANN techniques. The best accuracy observed by the application of PSO-FLANN, is 98% for real-time online fingerprint classification.</p>
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Wan, Qiu-Hong, and Xiang-Dong Ruan. "Species genetic ID card in animal conservation." Animal Biology 58, no. 2 (2008): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075608x328053.
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AbstractThe state governments in China have laid down laws for protecting rare and endangered species, but the effective protection depends on accurate species identification. In this study, we developed one new Felidae-specific probe, pta1 probe and tested 138 skin samples from 14 species and subspecies. The results revealed that the pta1 probe succeeded in identifying all feline species in China due to species-specific “fingerprints”. As a result, we constructed a fingerprint management archives for Felidae family in China. It can provide forensic evidence of poaching for judicial organization, which have a profound effect on criminal activities of poachers, and therefore help to protect wild animals and conserve biodiversity.
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Trigiano, R. N., M. C. Scott, and G. Caetano-Anollés. "Arbitrary Signatures From Amplification Profiles (ASAP) Distinguishes Somatic and Radiation Induced Mutations in the `Charm' Series of Chrysanthemum." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 593C—593. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.593c.
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Four chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) spontaneous and radiation-induced sports from the cultivar `Charm' and phenotypically differing only in flower color were individually characterized using arbitrary signatures from amplification profiles (ASAP). ASAP analysis is based on a two-step arbitrary primer amplification procedure that produces “fingerprints of fingerprints.” In the first step, `Charm', `Dark Charm', `Dark Bronze Charm', `Salmon Charm', and `Coral Charm' were fingerprinted by DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) with standard octamer arbitrary primers. Diluted products from three monomorphic fingerprints for each cultivar were subsequently reamplified using four minihairpin decamer primers. Each of the 12 ASAP profiles revealed about 30% polymorphic loci and some were used to uniquely identify cultivars and estimate genetic relationships. The ASAP technique permits identification of previously genetically indistinguishable plant material and should facilitate marker assisted breeding and protection of ownership rights.
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Hundsdoerfer, Anna K., and Michael Wink. "New Source of Genetic Polymorphisms in Lepidoptera?" Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2005): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-7-818.
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The variability level of the ISSR (inter-simple sequences repeat) primer (GACA)4 was examined in the three Lepidoptera families Pyralidae, Sphingidae and Pieridae. Our study shows that the tetra-repeat (GACA)n is evidently present in sufficient numbers in these butterflies to provide informative DNA fingerprints. The variability is mostly rather high, but within a comparable range to other ISSR studies. Although less polymorphisms may be encountered in some butterfly families, this study indicates that high variability of this marker may be a common characteristic of Lepidoptera genomes. An appeal for a minimal level of standardization of ISSR-PCR data analysis is formulated to enable an exact comparison between the groups of organisms studied with this fingerprint technique.
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Bosch, Xavier. "Genetic fingerprints replace footprints in Spain." Lancet 352, no. 9124 (July 1998): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)60286-3.
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Mehta, Rina Girish, Bhupesh Patel, B. Rami Kamlesh, and Hiren Patel. "Unraveling the Enigma of Dental Caries through Conventional Analysis using Finger Print Forensics among the Students of Nadiad City, Gujarat." Advances in Human Biology 14, no. 3 (June 10, 2024): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_18_24.
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Introduction: There is growing interest in identifying genetic predispositions to dental caries using non-invasive tools. Dermatoglyphics, examining dermal ridge patterns on the hands and feet, is linked to genetic foundations. Galton’s theory asserts fingerprint constancy. In dentistry, dermatoglyphics gains attention for its correlation with students pathologies. This study evaluates the association of dental caries in students with dermatoglyphics. Materials and Methods: The research at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dharmsinh Desai University, involved 50 subjects (28 females and 22 males) with normal fingerprints. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institute’s Ethics Committee. Fingerprints were recorded using the conventional method, employing ink, paper, roller, glass slab and sponging pad. The prints were examined, classified and analysed through the Cummins method, categorising them into whorls, loops and arches. The dental caries were assessed through the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) scores of the participants. The DMFT score was tested for association and difference according to the type of fingerprint pattern. Results: Females commonly exhibit loop patterns, while males show an equal distribution between loops and whorls. The connection between fingerprint patterns and DMFT scores is notable. A Chi-square test for left-side patterns (Chi-square = 27.74, P = 0.002) reveals a strong association, linking specific patterns to distinct DMFT scores. Similarly, for right-side patterns (Chi-square = 11.349, P = 0.045), there is significance, emphasising the relationship between fingerprint types and dental caries. Conclusion: The study examined the connection between fingerprint patterns and dental caries in children, discovering a positive correlation. Specific patterns such as arch, loop and whorl were linked to caries presence or absence, suggesting their potential as an early detection tool, although accuracy might vary based on genetic factors.
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Park, Young Hoon, Marilyn A. L. West, and Dina A. St. Clair. "Evaluation of AFLPs for germplasm fingerprinting and assessment of genetic diversity in cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)." Genome 47, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-004.
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Cultivated tomato (L. esculentum L.) germplasm exhibits limited genetic variation compared with wild Lycopersicon species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to evaluate genetic variation among 74 cultivars, primarily from California, and to fingerprint germplasm to determine if cultivar-specific patterns could be obtained. All 74 cultivars were genotyped using 26 AFLP primer combinations; of the 1092 bands scored, 102 AFLP bands (9.3%) were polymorphic. Pair-wise genetic similarity coefficients (Jaccard and Nei–Li) were calculated. Jaccard coefficients varied from 0.16 to 0.98 among cultivar pairs, and 72% of pair-wise comparisons exceeded 0.5. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging) clustering and principle component analysis revealed four main clusters, I–IV; most modern hybrid cultivars grouped in II, whereas most vintage cultivars grouped in I. Clusters III and IV contained three and two cultivars, respectively. Some groups of cultivars closely related by pedigree exhibited high bootstrap values, but lower values (<50%) were obtained for cluster II and its four subgroups. Unique fingerprints for all 74 cultivars were obtained by a minimum of seven AFLP primer pairs, despite inclusion of some closely related cultivars. This study demonstrated that AFLP markers are effective for obtaining unique fingerprints of, and assessing genetic diversity among, tomato cultivars.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, AFLPs, DNA fingerprinting, genetic diversity, phenetic relationships.
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Ahmed, M. M. "Species identification in meat origin farm animals through DNA technology." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 21, no. 3-4 (2005): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0504013a.
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RAPD fingerprint technique was used on several meat sources to identify the species. The tested meat species were: Buffalo, Cattle, Goat and Sheep. Eighteen primers as a single, short oligonucleiotides were used to detect the species by fingerprint and genetic similarity as band sharing (BS) among these four species. By comparison between all four species, the band sharing average values were [51.0, 45.0, 59.0, 41.0, 48.0 and 70.0%] respectively. In respect of comparison, the comparison between Goat and Sheep showed high similarities while between Cattle and Goat showed low similarities. The genetic similarity as BS values ranged from 41.0 to 70.0 % respectively. The results showed that RAPD analysis provided a rapid and effective method to detect the genetic variation of different species. Also the results showed that RAPD analysis produced clear fingerprints from the products analyzed for which the species could be easily identified.
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Zhao, Yikun, Bin Jiang, Yongxue Huo, Hongmei Yi, Hongli Tian, Haotian Wu, Rui Wang, Jiuran Zhao, and Fengge Wang. "A High-Performance Database Management System for Managing and Analyzing Large-Scale SNP Data in Plant Genotyping and Breeding Applications." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111027.
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A DNA fingerprint database is an efficient, stable, and automated tool for plant molecular research that can provide comprehensive technical support for multiple fields of study, such as pan-genome analysis and crop breeding. However, constructing a DNA fingerprint database for plants requires significant resources for data output, storage, analysis, and quality control. Large amounts of heterogeneous data must be processed efficiently and accurately. Thus, we developed plant SNP database management system (PSNPdms) using an open-source web server and free software that is compatible with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), insertion–deletion (InDel) markers, Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP), SNP array platforms, and 23 species. It fully integrates with the KASP platform and allows for graphical presentation and modification of KASP data. The system has a simple, efficient, and versatile laboratory personnel management structure that adapts to complex and changing experimental needs with a simple workflow process. PSNPdms internally provides effective support for data quality control through multiple dimensions, such as the standardized experimental design, standard reference samples, fingerprint statistical selection algorithm, and raw data correlation queries. In addition, we developed a fingerprint-merging algorithm to solve the problem of merging fingerprints of mixed samples and single samples in plant detection, providing unique standard fingerprints of each plant species for construction of a standard DNA fingerprint database. Different laboratories can use the system to generate fingerprint packages for data interaction and sharing. In addition, we integrated genetic analysis into the system to enable drawing and downloading of dendrograms. PSNPdms has been widely used by 23 institutions and has proven to be a stable and effective system for sharing data and performing genetic analysis. Interested researchers are required to adapt and further develop the system.
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Peled, Nir, Orna Barash, Ulrike Tisch, Radu Ionescu, Yoav Y. Broza, Maya Ilouze, Jane Mattei, Paul A. Bunn, Fred R. Hirsch, and Hossam Haick. "Volatile fingerprints of cancer specific genetic mutations." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 9, no. 6 (August 2013): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.008.
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Coren, Stanley. "Are fingerprints a genetic marker for handedness?" Behavior Genetics 24, no. 2 (March 1994): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01067817.
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Trigiano, R. N., M. C. Scott, and G. Caetano-Anollés. "Arbitrary Signatures from Amplification Profiles (ASAP) Distinguishes Somatic and Radiation-induced Mutations in the `Charm' Series of Chrysanthemum." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 500B—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.500b.
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Four chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) spontaneous and radiation-induced sports from the cultivar `Charm' and phenotypically differing only in flower color were individually characterized using arbitrary signatures from amplification profiles (ASAP). ASAP analysis is based on a two-step arbitrary primer amplification procedure that produces “fi ngerprints of fingerprints.” In the first step, `Charm', `Dark Charm', `Dark Bronze Charm', `Salmon Charm', and `Coral Charm' were fingerprinted by DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) with standard octamer arbitrary primers. Diluted products from three monomorphic fingerprints for each cultivar were subsequently reamplified using four minihairpin decamer primers. Each of the 12 ASAP profiles revealed polymorphic loci that were used to uniquely identify cultivars and estimate genetic relationships. The ASAP technique permits identification of previously genetically indistinguishable plant material and should facilitate marker assisted breeding and protection of ownership rights.
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Franck, J. P. C., J. M. Wright, and B. J. McAndrew. "Genetic variability in a family of satellite DNAs from tilapia (Pisces: Cichlidae)." Genome 35, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-111.
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We have cloned and sequenced members of a family of satellite DNAs from three genera of the tilapiine tribe of fishes: Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, and Tilapia. The satellite DNAs, visualized as intensely staining bands following electrophoretic separation of EcoRI-digested genomic DNA, consist of three size variants differentially distributed in the various tilapiine species. The sizes of the monomers are approximately 237 bp (type I), 230 bp (type II), and 209 bp (type III). Several cloned monomers were sequenced from Oreochromis niloticus (type III), Oreochromis placidus (types I and II), Sarotherodon galilaeus (type I), Tilapia zillii (type I), and Tilapia rendalli (type I). Comparison of derived consensus sequences for the monomer units of the satellite DNAs revealed sequence identities within and between species that ranged from 89 to 96%. The type II and type III size variants appear to have arisen by deletions of 9 and 29 bp, respectively, within different regions of the type I satellite. Hybridization of a cloned monomer satellite from O. niloticus (type III) to PalI digests of genomic DNA from all three genera detected polymorphic, high molecular weight restriction fragments that produced fingerprint-like patterns. The complexity of these DNA fingerprints varied from one species to another, suggesting a markedly different genomic organization for these polymorphic satellite DNAs.Key words: satellite DNA, polymorphic, DNA fingerprints, tilapia.
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Qin, Ningning, and Ken Chen. "A wireless sensor network location algorithm based on insufficient fingerprint information." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 34n36 (December 30, 2018): 1840093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918400936.
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To realize sensor network-based positioning, the use of conventional techniques based on fingerprints has considerable cost due to the need of establishing in an offline manner a fingerprint database. Besides, it is also time-consuming when searching the database for calculating the localization solution. To address these drawbacks, we first propose to utilize the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method to improve the spatial resolution of the fingerprint database. The genetic algorithm learning machine (GAELM) is introduced to speed up the database lookup while enhancing the positioning accuracy of the fingerprint-based localization. Experiments show that the proposed Extreme Learning Location algorithm based on Insufficient Fingerprint information (ELL-IF) offers improved positioning performance over the BP-neural network (BP-NN)-based and extreme learning machine (ELM)-based methods.
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Robinson, Max, and Gustavo Glusman. "Genotype Fingerprints Enable Fast and Private Comparison of Genetic Testing Results for Research and Direct-to-Consumer Applications." Genes 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9100481.
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Genetic testing has expanded out of the research laboratory into medical practice and the direct-to-consumer market. Rapid analysis of the resulting genotype data now has a significant impact. We present a method for summarizing personal genotypes as ‘genotype fingerprints’ that meets these needs. Genotype fingerprints can be derived from any single nucleotide polymorphism-based assay, and remain comparable as chip designs evolve to higher marker densities. We demonstrate that these fingerprints support distinguishing types of relationships among closely related individuals and closely related individuals from individuals from the same background population, as well as high-throughput identification of identical genotypes, individuals in known background populations, and de novo separation of subpopulations within a large cohort through extremely rapid comparisons. Although fingerprints do not preserve anonymity, they provide a useful degree of privacy by summarizing a genotype while preventing reconstruction of individual marker states. Genotype fingerprints are therefore well-suited as a format for public aggregation of genetic information to support ancestry and relatedness determination without revealing personal health risk status.
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Mensah, Afua Adjeiwaa, and Patrizia Mondello. "Harnessing the Molecular Fingerprints of B Cell Lymphoma for Precision Therapy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 5834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195834.
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Yoshida, Masao, T. Shimada, and M. Yanaguchi. "Phylogenetic Studies on Prunus Species by DNA Fingerprints." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 762G—763. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.762g.
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Twenty-eight Prunus species were examined in order to survey their genetic diversity. Genomic DNA was extracted from 36 varieties and used for the template DNA of PCR. DNA fingerprints were generated by random primers or semi-random primers, some primers consensus to the repeated units as telomers, and three sets of sequence-tagged primers specific to domains of chloroplast DNA (psbA, rbcL-ORF106, atpB-rbcL). PCR products generated from these three domains were digested by 12 restriction enzymes. RFLPs were detected among varieties and subjected to the UPGMA. Thirty-six varieties were classified approximately into two groups: “Plum group” and “Cherry group.” It was inferred that these two groups were divided in old time. P. tomentosa, P. japonica, P. glandurosa, and P. besseyi, which are classified into the cherries, showed the same fingerprint patterns from chloroplast DNA of the plum group; plums and cherries have a large genetic diversity. It was supposed that the diversity of plums depended on nuclear DNA, besides the diversity of cherries on both nuclear and chloroplast DNA.
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Yoshida, Masao, T. Shimada, and M. Yanaguchi. "Phylogenetic Studies on Prunus Species by DNA Fingerprints." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 762G—763. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.762.
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Twenty-eight Prunus species were examined in order to survey their genetic diversity. Genomic DNA was extracted from 36 varieties and used for the template DNA of PCR. DNA fingerprints were generated by random primers or semi-random primers, some primers consensus to the repeated units as telomers, and three sets of sequence-tagged primers specific to domains of chloroplast DNA (psbA, rbcL-ORF106, atpB-rbcL). PCR products generated from these three domains were digested by 12 restriction enzymes. RFLPs were detected among varieties and subjected to the UPGMA. Thirty-six varieties were classified approximately into two groups: “Plum group” and “Cherry group.” It was inferred that these two groups were divided in old time. P. tomentosa, P. japonica, P. glandurosa, and P. besseyi, which are classified into the cherries, showed the same fingerprint patterns from chloroplast DNA of the plum group; plums and cherries have a large genetic diversity. It was supposed that the diversity of plums depended on nuclear DNA, besides the diversity of cherries on both nuclear and chloroplast DNA.
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Singhal, Shubhanshi, Akanksha Kaushik, and Pooja Sharma. "A Novel approach of data deduplication for distributed storage." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.4 (March 10, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.4.10040.
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Due to drastic growth of digital data, data deduplication has become a standard component of modern backup systems. It reduces data redundancy, saves storage space, and simplifies the management of data chunks. This process is performed in three steps: chunking, fingerprinting, and indexing of fingerprints. In chunking, data files are divided into the chunks and the chunk boundary is decided by the value of the divisor. For each chunk, a unique identifying value is computed using a hash signature (i.e. MD-5, SHA-1, SHA-256), known as fingerprint. At last, these fingerprints are stored in the index to detect redundant chunks means chunks having the same fingerprint values. In chunking, the chunk size is an important factor that should be optimal for better performance of deduplication system. Genetic algorithm (GA) is gaining much popularity and can be applied to find the best value of the divisor. Secondly, indexing also enhances the performance of the system by reducing the search time. Binary search tree (BST) based indexing has the time complexity of which is minimum among the searching algorithm. A new model is proposed by associating GA to find the value of the divisor. It is the first attempt when GA is applied in the field of data deduplication. The second improvement in the proposed system is that BST index tree is applied to index the fingerprints. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated on VMDK, Linux, and Quanto datasets and a good improvement is achieved in deduplication ratio.
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Akhtyrska, N. "Legal regulations of national registers of human biological data." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 69 (April 15, 2022): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.69.65.
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The article is devoted to issues related to the formation of information databases used to identify individuals and identify those involved in crimes. Fingerprint and DNA identification are increasingly used both at the national level and within the framework of international cooperation in criminal proceedings. The United Nations has called for new scientific approaches to be used in criminal investigations. However, the creation of national registers (collection, accumulation, storage, transfer to other states on request) requires adequate legal support, which allows to strike a balance between ensuring the security of society and the state from criminal encroachment and human rights standards. In Ukraine, there is currently no proper legal regulation of the functioning of national fingerprint registers, genetic profiles, etc. In Ukraine, there is currently no proper legal regulation of the functioning of national fingerprint registers, genetic profiles, etc. In accordance with international standards and proper cooperation in the fight against transnational crime, in particular, the following databases should be created. The registered draft Law of Ukraine “On State Registration of Human Genomic Information” needs to be analyzed in detail, taking into account the experience of other states and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. Ukraine has a number of databases that are regulated differently. Fingerprints are digitized in the case of obtaining a passport of a citizen of Ukraine for travel abroad, and if desired, for a domestic passport, which is regulated by law. At the same time, there is a database of fingerprints, the procedure for its creation and use is regulated by an order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which directly contradicts the position of the ECtHR (this should be a law or government document); the grounds for the selection of traces must be clearly defined (the current order stipulates that the Ministry of Internal Affairs may expand the list of crimes by its decision); it is necessary to provide a method of independent verification of the grounds for storage of biological traces, which is not currently provided in Ukraine. The concept of biological traces must be defined in accordance with the position of the ECtHR, according to which DNA, fingerprints and voice are as follows. It is expedient to adopt a law regulating the creation of the National Database of Human Biological Traces and not to leave the fingerprint database out of the legal field.
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Johnson, LeeAnn K., Mary B. Brown, Ethan A. Carruthers, John A. Ferguson, Priscilla E. Dombek, and Michael J. Sadowsky. "Sample Size, Library Composition, and Genotypic Diversity among Natural Populations of Escherichia coli from Different Animals Influence Accuracy of Determining Sources of Fecal Pollution." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 2004): 4478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4478-4485.2004.
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ABSTRACT A horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting technique (HFERP) was developed and evaluated as a means to differentiate human from animal sources of Escherichia coli. Box A1R primers and PCR were used to generate 2,466 rep-PCR and 1,531 HFERP DNA fingerprints from E. coli strains isolated from fecal material from known human and 12 animal sources: dogs, cats, horses, deer, geese, ducks, chickens, turkeys, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep. HFERP DNA fingerprinting reduced within-gel grouping of DNA fingerprints and improved alignment of DNA fingerprints between gels, relative to that achieved using rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting. Jackknife analysis of the complete rep-PCR DNA fingerprint library, done using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, indicated that animal and human isolates were assigned to the correct source groups with an 82.2% average rate of correct classification. However, when only unique isolates were examined, isolates from a single animal having a unique DNA fingerprint, Jackknife analysis showed that isolates were assigned to the correct source groups with a 60.5% average rate of correct classification. The percentages of correctly classified isolates were about 15 and 17% greater for rep-PCR and HFERP, respectively, when analyses were done using the curve-based Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, rather than the band-based Jaccard algorithm. Rarefaction analysis indicated that, despite the relatively large size of the known-source database, genetic diversity in E. coli was very great and is most likely accounting for our inability to correctly classify many environmental E. coli isolates. Our data indicate that removal of duplicate genotypes within DNA fingerprint libraries, increased database size, proper methods of statistical analysis, and correct alignment of band data within and between gels improve the accuracy of microbial source tracking methods.
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Guo, Liqin, Ting Liao, Ye Wang, Jun Cao, and Guobin Liu. "Construction of a DNA Fingerprint Map and a Core Collection of Platycladus orientalis." J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 149, no. 3 (May 2024): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs05356-23.
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Platycladus orientalis is one of the main species used in afforestation projects in the arid mountains of north and northwest China, meaning that the species has high ecological and economic value. Studying its genetic diversity and obtaining a core germplasm base and genetic fingerprint data are important for the screening, development, and utilization of the species. This can provide the core materials for the preservation and evaluation and mining of germplasm resources and can provide superior gene resources for breeding programs. In this study, the genetic diversity among 104 P. orientalis germplasm resources was examined using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and a core germplasm containing 31 accessions was constructed that represents the most genetic diversity of P. orientalis accessions. Each of 20 pairs of primers showed polymorphism, and 117 alleles were identified. The average number of alleles at each locus was six, and the mean effective allele number was 2.607. The average Shannon’s information index was 0.983, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.445. There is thus a significant amount of genetic variation within P. orientalis germplasm, yielding a rich genetic diversity. The constructed core germplasm accounted for 30% of the original germplasm. There was no significant difference in genetic diversity between the core germplasm and the original germplasm resources, indicating that the obtained core germplasm resources could fully represent the original germplasm. Using 17 SSR primers with high polymorphism, the DNA fingerprints of 104 P. orientalis germplasm resources were constructed. The results showed that 98 had specific DNA fingerprints. The results of this study provide a valuable basis for the collection, preservation, and utilization of P. orientalis germplasm resources, and the methods adopted in this study have important reference value for the construction of core germplasm of other perennial woody plants.
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Routson, Kanin J., Ann A. Reilley, Adam D. Henk, and Gayle M. Volk. "Identification of Historic Apple Trees in the Southwestern United States and Implications for Conservation." HortScience 44, no. 3 (June 2009): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.589.
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Many apple varieties commonly planted in the United States a century ago can no longer be found in today's orchards and nurseries. Abandoned farmsteads and historic orchards harbor considerable agrobiodiversity, but the extent and location of that diversity is poorly understood. We assessed the genetic diversity of 280 apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees growing in 43 historic farmstead and orchard sites in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico using seven microsatellite markers. We compared the samples to 109 cultivars likely introduced into the southwest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Genetic analysis revealed 144 genotypes represented in the 280 field samples. We identified 34 of these 144 genotypes as cultivars brought to the region by Stark Brothers Nursery and by USDA agricultural experiment stations. One hundred twenty of the total samples (43%) had DNA fingerprints that suggested they were representative of these 34 cultivars. The remaining 160 samples—representing 110 genotypes—had unique fingerprints that did not match any of the fingerprinted cultivars. The results of this study confirm for the first time that a high diversity of historic apple genotypes remain in homestead orchards in the U.S. southwest. Future efforts targeting orchards in the southwest should focus on conservation for all unique genotypes as a means to sustain both cultural heritage and biological genetic diversity.
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& et al., Faddagh. "DNA FINGERINTS OF TILAPIA SPECIES IN SHATT AL-AREB RIVER USING RAPD MARKERS." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 4 (August 26, 2020): 1082–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i4.1087.
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In the last decade, tilapia fish species distributed in the Iraqi inland waters. Three species; Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) and Redbelly tilapia Coptedon zillii (Gervais, 1848) inhibiting Shatt Al-Arab River. They belong to family Cichlidae. They are very similar to differentiate among them using biometry. So, genetic markers used for species discrimination. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol used to examine genetic variation and to generate DNA fingerprints of tilapia fish species in Shatt Al-Arab River. Sixty-two specimens of tilapia fish collected from Shatt Al-Arab River at the governorate of Basrah. Seven universal decamer primers selected (OPA08, OPA10, OPA13, OPA17, OPA19, OPB08 and OPC02) to create RAPD DNA fingerprint. RAPD-PCR amplification carried out and electrophoresed with 100 bp ladder. DNA bands scored and molecular weight was calculated using PhotocaptMW software. Analog histogram drew using MS-Excel. The three RAPD DNA profiles apparently were different. DNA bands scored in the three species were 67 bands. The size of DNA bands was ranged from 64 bp to 2344 bp. RAPD fingerprints were efficient to distinguish the three species of tilapia fish. DNA markers of the three species of tilapia fish can use to achieve conservation programs of fish species in the future.
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Nybom, Hilde, and Steven H. Rogstad. "DNA ?fingerprints? detect genetic variation inAcer negundo (Aceraceae)." Plant Systematics and Evolution 173, no. 1-2 (1990): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00937762.
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AI-Moshileh, A. M., M. I. Motawei, A. AI-Wasel, and T. Abdel-Latif. "Identification of Some Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars in Saudi Arabia Using RAPD Fingerprints." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol9iss1pp1-3.
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The suitability of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints as genetic markers in date palms was tested. Five date palm cultivars (Barbi, Nabtet Ali. Rothanah, Ajwa, and Sokkari) from Saudi well- known dates were subject to DNA fingerprint analysis. From 20 primers tested, only 12 were selected as reproducible, giving 64 bands. The RAPD profiles obtained were successfully used to differentiate the genotypes. Based on the pair-wise comparison of amplification products, the genetic similarity was estimated. The five date palm cultivars showed variation at the DNA level. The genetic similarity among all date palm cultivars ranged from 70 to 85%. Sokkary was quite distant from Haiti and Ajwa cultivats. A dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA analysis. On the basis of this analysis, the populations were clustered into two clusters: cluster l contained Barhi and Ajwa cultivars, and cluster II contained Nabtet Ali, Rothanah and Sokkari cultivars. Therefore, the polymorphism detected and its reproducibility suggest that RAPD markers are reliable for identification of Saudi date palm cultivars.
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Xiao, Xi-ou, Ning Zhang, Hui Jin, and Huaijun Si. "Genetic Analysis of Potato Breeding Collection Using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers." Plants 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2023): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12091895.
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The autotetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop in China, and it is widely cultivated from Northeast China to South China. Thousands of varieties are bred by breeding institutions or companies, and distinguishing the different varieties based on morphological characteristics is difficult. Using DNA fingerprints is an efficient method to identify varieties that plays an increasingly important role in germplasm identification and property rights protection. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 135 autotetraploid potatoes were evaluated using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) methods. A total of 3,397,137 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were distributed across 12 chromosomes, were obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA), neighbour-joining genetic trees, and model-based structure analysis showed that these autotetraploid potato subpopulations, classified by their SNPs, were not consistent with their geographical origins. On the basis of the obtained 3,397,137 SNPs, 160 perfect SNPs were selected, and 71 SNPs were successfully converted to penta-primer amplification refractory mutation (PARMS-SNP) markers. Additionally, 190 autotetraploid potato varieties were analysed using these 71 PARMS-SNP markers. The PCA results show that the accessions were not completely classified on the basis of their geographical origins. The SNP DNA fingerprints of the 190 autotetraploid potato varieties were also constructed. The SNP fingerprint results show that both synonyms and homonyms were present amongst the 190 autotetraploid potatoes. Above all, these novel SNP markers can lay a good foundation for the analysis of potato genetic diversity, DUS (distinctness, uniformity, and stability) testing, and plant variety protection.
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Solinas, Pier Giorgio. "Beyond the fingerprints: From biometric to genetics." Anuac 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625x-3989.
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Aside to the demographic screening, a deeper biosocial interest in India can be observed on the scale of groups and subpopulations. Several agencies (university consortia, departments of human forensic genetics), are pursuing the inspection of population bio-history, and genotyping. Most of the results concern the genetic structure, and admixtures, in a phylogenetic net connecting clades and sub-clades. Two large ancestral stocks are supposed at the origin of the demographic mosaic. The first of these, Ancestral North Indians (ANI) had its centre in a western Euro-Asian area, and the Middle East. The second, called ASI, Ancestral South Indians, centred in the Andaman Islands, but prevalent in South India. Under this perspective, the authenticity is associated, with autochthony: the “true” Indians are those who first populated the territory. Thus, adivasis label (aboriginals) designates the “originals”. Their roots, both on the bio-genetic and cultural level, belong to the deepest layer of the variegated Pan-Indian scenario. This simplified version coexists with a divergent theory linked to modernized frames of the classic hierarchical background. In a seminal study M. Bamshad showed as the social pyramid corresponded to a distribution the Y chromosome heritage. The highest rate of markers of haplogroup R1a1 was found among the top castes, and lowest in the Shudras and outcastes. The supporters of Hindu supremacy wear the R1a1 brand as a symbol of identity that confirms the Vedic myth in which society is depicted as a body (where the limbs represent the different classes), supporting a renewed image of national solidarity.
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Kingsley, Mark T., Timothy M. Straub, Douglas R. Call, Don S. Daly, Sharon C. Wunschel, and Darrell P. Chandler. "Fingerprinting Closely Related Xanthomonas Pathovars with Random Nonamer Oligonucleotide Microarrays." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (December 2002): 6361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.6361-6370.2002.
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ABSTRACT Current bacterial DNA-typing methods are typically based on gel-based fingerprinting methods. As such, they access a limited complement of genetic information and many independent restriction enzymes or probes are required to achieve statistical rigor and confidence in the resulting pattern of DNA fragments. Furthermore, statistical comparison of gel-based fingerprints is complex and nonstandardized. To overcome these limitations of gel-based microbial DNA fingerprinting, we developed a prototype, 47-probe microarray consisting of randomly selected nonamer oligonucleotides. Custom image analysis algorithms and statistical tools were developed to automatically extract fingerprint profiles from microarray images. The prototype array and new image analysis algorithms were used to analyze 14 closely related Xanthomonas pathovars. Of the 47 probes on the prototype array, 10 had diagnostic value (based on a chi-squared test) and were used to construct statistically robust microarray fingerprints. Analysis of the microarray fingerprints showed clear differences between the 14 test organisms, including the separation of X. oryzae strains 43836 and 49072, which could not be resolved by traditional gel electrophoresis of REP-PCR amplification products. The proof-of-application study described here represents an important first step to high-resolution bacterial DNA fingerprinting with microarrays. The universal nature of the nonamer fingerprinting microarray and data analysis methods developed here also forms a basis for method standardization and application to the forensic identification of other closely related bacteria.
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Chen, Yan-Qiu, Xiao-Fan Guo, Chang-Tian Li, and Yu Li. "Genetic Analysis of Inonotus Obliquus Strains by RAPD." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 26, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-007-0023-7.
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Genetic Analysis ofInonotus ObliquusStrains by RAPDRAPD profiling of eightInonotus obliquusstrains isolated from sclerotia collected from different areas of China was conducted to determine the genetic variability within this important medicinal fungus and to better define relationships between the genotype and geographical origins of isolation. Twelve 10-mer primers generated a total of 167 stable and reproducible DNA fragments, of which 101 (60.5%) were polymorphic. DNA fingerprints revealed genetic diversity among the strains tested, but there was the little intraspecific difference between the fingerprints of individual strains. A phenogram constructed based on UPGMA analysis of genetic distances calculated from RAPD fragment data identified three distinct groupings: (1) BCX01 and BCX02, (2) JL01, JL02, JL03, JL04 and JL05, (3) HLJ01. Our data confirm that the genetic variability among different strains may be a useful ancillary tool for identifyingl. obliquussclerotia of different geographical origins.
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Al-Ghufaili, Melath K., Balqees H. Al-Musawi, Attyaf J. Al-Tamimi, and Shurooq F. Hassan. "Molecular Assessment of Some Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Genotypes Revealed by SCoT Markers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1158, no. 6 (April 1, 2023): 062009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/6/062009.
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Abstract The SCoT marker was able to shed light on the origin-specific genetic link between the genotypes under study, providing breeders with a valuable resource. Some Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) genotypes were analyzed for their genetic diversity, genetic connection, and DNA fingerprint using ten molecular markers of the SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) type. Different SCoT primer combinations generated distinctive DNA fingerprints. The results demonstrate that polymorphism is most prevalent when using the primer SCoT30 (100 percent) and least prevalent when using the primer SCoT54 (50 percent) (33.3). This study found that the genetic distance between Bushra and Warda was the lowest (0.1111) and the genetic distance between Fouton and the Special Pack was the highest (0.55583), but that the distance between the two was the smallest (0.1111). (Special pack and Cherry tomato). Through the use of cluster analysis (a phylogenetic tree), the examined genotypes were divided into two distinct groups. The goals of this research were to use SCoT to catalog the variety of tomato genotypes and to discover the connections between the various molecular fingerprinting-based clustering methods.
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Lenk, Peter, and Ulrich Joger. "Genetic relationships between populations and intraspecific subdivision of Elaphe longissima (Laurenti, 1768) as suggested by plasma protein electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting." Amphibia-Reptilia 15, no. 4 (1994): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853894x00407.
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AbstractSpecimens from the whole range of Elaphe longissima were analyzed for geographical variation of plasma proteins and DNA fingerprint loci. Albumins were identical throughout the range of the species, except for Sicilian specimens of E. l. romana which share bands with E. persica rather than with E. longissima. Transferrins indicate that Central European populations originate from the East, whereas Western European populations are indistinguishable from Northern Italian ones. DNA fingerprints reveal a low effective population size in Central European isolates with only few bands that could be informative for intraspecific groupings. Most of the repeated sequences are located on the female w-chromosome.
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Guerin, Jenny R., Susan M. Sweeney, Graham G. Collins, and Margaret Sedgley. "The Development of a Genetic Database to Identify Olive Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 6 (November 2002): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.6.977.
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The National Olive Variety Assessment (NOVA) collection, established at the Roseworthy Campus of the University of Adelaide, contains six replicate trees of 100 olive (Olea europaea L.) accessions grown in the same environment. The DNA fingerprints of these accessions were compared, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), to those of a number of cultivars obtained from international collections. A total of 86 uniquely named accessions in the NOVA collection resulted in 58 different genotypes. Different names were synonyms for the same genotype, and homonyms were also found where accessions with the same name had different DNA fingerprints. A rapid and efficient protocol was developed to identify unknown olive genotypes using a two-stage process. Data from DNA fingerprints were added to a matrix already containing binary data from recognized standard cultivars. The estimated probability of any given RAPD profile randomly occurring at this stage ranged between 6 × 10-4 and 2 × 10-8. In the second stage, the approximate identity of the unknown genotype, revealed by the resulting dendrogram, was confirmed by comparing it with appropriate standards under identical conditions of DNA amplification and band separation. The data collected in this report form the basis of a genetic database that can be used for the identification of olive samples.
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Liu, Ting, and Hai Ming Lin. "Preliminary Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra by Chemical Fingerprint and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1318.
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The two main secondary metabolites in Glycyrrhiza Species are Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin. They are considered as active ingredients . The content of these compounds showed variation in different species. Standard chemical fingerprints were generated from cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra, which could be identification markers. Five efficient inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were screened and optimized for detecting the genetic diversity in three cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra. By using two characteristic peaks compare with three cultivars, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra were bigger similarity than G. inflate. The results is in accordance with the results by ISSR markers. The higher genetic diversity in G. inflate was useful to more broad breeding. Our result suggest that provides an optimized method for assessment genetic diversity of cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate and G. glabra using Chemical fingerprint and ISSR markers which is useful for further investigation in breeding.
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Rasmussen, Ulla, and Mette M. Svenning. "Fingerprinting of Cyanobacteria Based on PCR with Primers Derived from Short and Long Tandemly Repeated Repetitive Sequences." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.1.265-272.1998.
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ABSTRACT The presence of repeated DNA (short tandemly repeated repetitive [STRR] and long tandemly repeated repetitive [LTRR]) sequences in the genome of cyanobacteria was used to generate a fingerprint method for symbiotic and free-living isolates. Primers corresponding to the STRR and LTRR sequences were used in the PCR, resulting in a method which generate specific fingerprints for individual isolates. The method was useful both with purified DNA and with intact cyanobacterial filaments or cells as templates for the PCR. Twenty-threeNostoc isolates from a total of 35 were symbiotic isolates from the angiosperm Gunnera species, including isolates from the same Gunnera species as well as from different species. The results show a genetic similarity among isolates from different Gunnera species as well as a genetic heterogeneity among isolates from the same Gunnera species. Isolates which have been postulated to be closely related or identical revealed similar results by the PCR method, indicating that the technique is useful for clustering of even closely related strains. The method was applied to nonheterocystus cyanobacteria from which a fingerprint pattern was obtained.
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Loos, B. G., D. Mayrand, R. J. Genco, and D. P. Dickinson. "Genetic Heterogeneity of Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis by Genomic DNA Fingerprinting." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 8 (August 1990): 1488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690080801.
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This study describes the use of total genomic DNA fingerprinting with the use of restriction endonucleases to characterize clinical isolates of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Bacteroides gingivalis) obtained from patients with periodontitis or with root-canal infections. The majority of independent isolates had a unique DNA fingerprint, indicating extensive genetic heterogeneity within this species. Twenty-nine distinct DNA fingerprints were found among the 33 isolates investigated. This is in contrast to biotyping and serotyping, where only one type and three types, respectively, have been reported. The observed heterogeneity indicates that DNA fingerprinting is a sensitive measure of genetic dissimilarity between P. gingivalis isolates and is able to characterize individual isolates. These results have ecological implications, indicating that there is considerable natural diversity in the global population of P. gingivalis, and that there are likely to be relatively large numbers of genetically distinct clonal lines. Furthermore, DNA fingerprinting is a sensitive and powerful tool for longitudinal and cross-sectional epidemiological studies. This technique provides far greater discrimination between isolates than either biotyping or serotyping, and will be most helpful in, for example, the analysis of distribution of clonal lines within one periodontal patient, or the analysis of the transmission to and turnover of strain populations within a patient population, since the probability of two strains with the same DNA fingerprint being found by chance is small.
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Díaz, Cristian, and Habib Barhoum. "Relationship between dermatoglyphics and cleft lip and/or palate: a review of literature." Revista Estomatología 21, no. 2 (September 29, 2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v21i2.5762.
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This article reviews the concepts associated with dermatoglyphs such as their classification, characteristics and applications. It also reviews orofacial clefts such as cleft lip and palate and proposes a possible relationship between dermatoglyphics and these orofacial clefts, entities that are considered isolated at first, but considering that they are derived from the same embryonic tissue, the ectoderm, and their development is in the same period of gestation, making genetic and environmental factors that would influence the development of the asyndromic lip and / or palate could be reflected in the fingerprints and the type of pattern that they follow.
Key words: Cleft lip, dermatoglyphics, cleft palate, fingerprint.
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Boches, Peter, Nahla V. Bassil, and Lisa Rowland. "Genetic Diversity in the Highbush Blueberry Evaluated with Microsatellite Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 5 (September 2006): 674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.5.674.
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Sixty-nine accessions representing wild and domesticated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) germplasm were genotyped using 28 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 627 alleles was detected and unique fingerprints were generated for all accessions. Suspected duplicate accessions of `Coville' and `Ivanhoe' had DNA fingerprints that were identical to `Coville' and `Ivanhoe', respectively. Genetic similarity measures placed wild and cultivated blueberries in separate groups. Northern highbush blueberries grouped among ancestral clones that were used extensively in blueberry breeding such as `Rubel' and `Stanley'. Southern highbush blueberries formed a separate group from northern highbush blueberries. The microsatellite markers used here show excellent promise for further use in germplasm identification, in genetic studies of wild Vaccinium L. populations, and for constructing linkage maps.
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Asen, Daniel. "Fingerprints and paternity testing: a study of genetics and probability in pre-DNA forensic science." Law, Probability and Risk 18, no. 2-3 (June 2019): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lpr/mgz014.
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Abstract This article is a study of forensic science researchers’ attempts to develop paternity tests based on fingerprint patterning, a physical trait that is partially inherited. Pursued in different times and places—ranging from Austria to Japan to China and from the early 20th century to the 1990s—the projects under study represent an ongoing dialogue, carried out through decades of international scientific exchange, about how to extract genetic information from fingerprints and present this data as scientifically-valid evidence in courts of law. Over time, those who engaged in this work increasingly experimented with methods for presenting fingerprint-based evidence of paternity in quantifiable and even probabilistic terms. Fingerprint-based paternity tests remained an obscure area of forensic practice and were eventually overshadowed by advances in serology and DNA profiling. This unfamiliar corner of forensic science, nonetheless, can provide additional perspective on the history of statistical expertise and probabilistic reasoning in modern forensic science, including the application of Bayesian approaches. The larger body of 20th-century ‘dermatoglyphics’ knowledge out of which these tests emerged also continues to influence the foundation of scientific knowledge on which latent print examination is based today.