Academic literature on the topic 'Gènes fonctionnels'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gènes fonctionnels"
SAUNIER, K., R. JULIEN, and H. LEVÉZIEL. "Recherche des gènes impliqués dans la synthèse des antigènes du système du groupe sanguin C bovin (EAC)." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (December 22, 2000): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3827.
Full textLledo, P. M. "Affect, mémoire et neurogenèse chez l’adulte." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.025.
Full textValéra, Marie-Cécile, Coralie Fontaine, Emmanuelle Noirrit-Esclassan, Frédéric Boudou, Melissa Buscato, Marine Adlanmerini, Florence Trémollières, Pierre Gourdy, Françoise Lenfant, and Jean-François Arnal. "Vers une optimisation de la modulation du récepteur des œstrogènes dans le traitement hormonal de la ménopause." médecine/sciences 34, no. 12 (December 2018): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2018297.
Full textBenoît, R. "Analyse génétique et physiologique." Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 52, no. 4 (October 2018): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2018029.
Full textHATEY, F. "Recherche de gènes associés à des fonctions : l’approche fonctionnelle." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (December 22, 2000): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3829.
Full textLEBOEUF, B., J. A. DELGADILLO, E. MANFREDI, A. PIACERE, V. CLEMENT, P. MARTIN, M. T. PELLICER-RUBIO, P. BOUÉ, and R. DE CREMOUX. "Place de la maîtrise de la reproduction dans les schémas de sélection en chèvres laitières." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 5 (November 27, 2008): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.5.3414.
Full textHATEY, F., P. MARTIN, M. DOUAIRE, F. LE GAC, G. DAMBRINE, P. HERPIN, and P. MONGET. "Le programme Asteroger : vers un outil multifonctionnel pour les productions animales." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (December 22, 2000): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3834.
Full textSCHMITT, Sylvain. "Génomique écologique de l’exploitation de niche et de la performance individuelle chez les arbres forestiers tropicaux." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 360 (June 1, 2024): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2024.360.a37566.
Full textRENARD, C., and J. MOUROT. "Exemple d’approche fonctionnelle : le gras intramusculaire chez le porc." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (June 22, 2020): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3830.
Full textROMÉ, H., and P. LE ROY. "Régions chromosomiques influençant les caractères de production et de qualité des oeufs de poule." INRA Productions Animales 29, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2016.29.1.2521.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Gènes fonctionnels"
Le, Bon Bertrand. "Nouveaux vecteurs synthétiques fonctionnels pour le transfert de gènes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007070.
Full textDeux familles de vecteurs synthétiques fonctionnels ont été synthétisées afin d'améliorer d'une part la biodisponibilité des vecteurs dans les applications in vivo et d'autre part leur spécificité de ciblage des tissus tumoraux.
La première famille de composés est constituée de télomères et de cotélomères « furtifs » issus des réactions de (co)télomérisation. Le design des télomères est basé sur un squelette « diblock » composé d'une partie polyaminée de degré de télomérisation aléatoire et d'une partie hydrophile (polyéthylène glycol). Le design des cotélomères est basé sur un squelette aléatoire de motifs aminés et de structures hydrophiles (tétraéthylène glycol et trishydroxyméthyl). La deuxième famille de vecteurs synthétiques est issue de la synthèse de lipides et polymères cationiques conjugués à un ligand dérivé de l'antagoniste des récepteurs à chimiokines CXCR-4, l'AMD3100 ou bicyclame.
Le potentiel des (co)télomères « furtifs » en tant qu'agents de condensation et de transfert de gènes a été évalué in vitro sur des cellules de carcinome pulmonaire humain A549.
Le potentiel des conjugués ciblés lipidiques et polymériques à compacter l'ADN et à transfecter de manière spécifique des cellules par la voie récepteur médiée a été évalué à la fois sur des cellules n'exprimant pas le récepteur CXCR-4 (A549, T98G) et sur des cellules l'exprimant (Jurkat).
Certains des (co)télomères « furtifs » testés (PEG2000-[NH2]n) ont démontré des efficacités de transfection comparables à des formulations lipidiques de référence (pcTG90/DOPE) tout en étant moins toxiques. Parmi les conjugués ciblés, le cotélomère iBu-[NH]80-[AMD]4 s'est révélé être un agent de transfert de gènes spécifique sur les cellules Jurkat sous certaines conditions de formulations, par rapport aux lipides et polymères conventionnels.
Mots clés : thérapie génique, transfert de gènes, lipoplexes, polyplexes, polyéthylène glycol, biodisponibilité, AMD-3100, ciblage, transfection.
Discipline : Chimie.
Le, Bon Bertrand. "Nouveaux vecteurs synthétiques fonctionnels pour le transfert des gènes." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4060.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was the synthesis and the assessment of new functionals non viral gene delivery systems. Two groups of synthetic vectors were synthesised in order to improve the biodisponibility of non viral vectors and increase specific gene delivery into targeted cells. One group of vectors was based on diblock and random cotelomers combining hydrophilic neutral groups (polyethylene glycol, polyhydroxylated groups) with cationic ones. The other group consisted into polycationic lipids or polymers conjugated to AMD3100 which is a specific ligand of the CXCR4 receptor. These vectors were evaluated as non-specific and specific gene transfer agents on human CXCR4(-) cell lines and CXCR4(+) Jurkat cells. Among these new gene delivery systems, compounds PEG2000-[NH2]n which contains a mean number n of amine functions of 190 exhibited a significant transfection efficiency on A549 cell lines as compared with reference systems. With regard to targeted complexes, compound iBu-[NH2]80-[AMD]4 proved to be, under certain conditions, a specific gene delivery system on Jurkat cells
Garcia, Pierre. "Prédiction de liens fonctionnels par détection de coévolution entre familles de gènes : application aux gènes du cycle cellulaire chez les Firmicutes." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1316/document.
Full textThe bacterial cell cycle is a very well studied process but current models don't reflect the complexity and diversity of involved molecular machineries and associated regulation mechanisms. In fact, our knowledge of cell cycle is based on study of a few model organisms. Yet, comparative analyses showed that some described systems and mechanisms are not conserved and not transposable from a taxon to another. Evolutionary approach such as phylogenomic can be used for functional studies of such systems at the bacterial scale. Those approaches allow to determine the key evolutionary events that lead to a such diversity but also to identify potential functional links between proteins. Furthermore, the development of high throughput sequencing methods leads to a big amount of genomic data, particularly for prokaryotes. In this context, I realized a very large scale phylogenomic analysis of proteins involved in cell cycle and its regulation in Firmicutes. My goal was to search some coevolution patterns between protein families reflecting potentially functional links. The application of methods that I developed during my PhD to cell cycle proteins allowed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this cell process in Firmicutes. Notably, I highlighted some hot-spots corresponding for example to the emergence of Bacilli or Streptococcaceae. The emergence of such taxa has been accompanied by many acquisitions/losses of cell cycle genes but also many genomic rearrangements in gene clusters suggesting that major changes have occurred at the level of the cell cycle and its regulation. I also highlighted some potential functional links between genes involved in different machineries of cell cycle that have never been described. The application of these approaches to the entire proteomes of Firmicutes allowed to identify proteins presenting same evolution patterns than cell cycle proteins suggesting potential functional links that have to be experimentally tested
Graudens, Esther. "Réseaux fonctionnels associés à la résistance innée du cancer colorectal à la chimiothérapie : analyse du transcriptome, annotation fonctionnelle, modélisation systémique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112039.
Full textColorectal cancer is a major cause of death in western countries. In spite of the use of new molecules, resistance to the treatments is important upon first exposure to chemotherapy. The objective of my thesis was to identify functional networks contributing to innate resistance of the tumours. Expression profiles of tumor and metastasis samples from 13 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were collected using cdna microarrays before exposure of the patients to a combined chemotherapy. Experimental and analytical procedures were established to obtain precise and highly documented data. A careful experimental design allowed limiting falsely positive or negative differential hybridization results. A list of 679 genes differentially expressed in relation with responses to chemotherapy was established. The results have been verified and validated by quantitative rt-pcr on the samples investigated and two novel samples whose phenotype was correctly characterized. Functional annotation of the selected genes made it possible to determine the biological processes and cellular components associated with them. A map of functional networks was constructed using a systems biology language. It allowed formulation of hypotheses on underlying mechanisms. A resistant cell would divide poorly, would rapidly repair damages caused to its dna, and would present an increased drug efflux and a frozen extracellular matrix. Two groups of genes predictors of response to chemotherapy were selected, which will have to be validated on new samples. These results could be used as a basis to facilitate resistance bypass through diagnostics and implementation of novel therapeutic strategies
Mikaelian, Ivan. "Identification des domaines fonctionnels de la protéine EB1, activateur des gènes précoces du virus d'Epstein-Barr." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T178.
Full textAyari, Besma. "Contribution à l'étude des rôles fonctionnels des gènes impliqués dans le syndrome de Kallmann de Morsier." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066243.
Full textThe first part of this manuscript is devoted to studying the interaction of anosmine-1 and FGFR1 in the rat olfactory bulb and the study of functional roles of the prokineticins receptors during development and adult zebrafish. First we have shown that anosmine-1 and FGFR1 are co-expressed in the olfactory bulbs during development and that are in the same protein complex. In addition we have demonstrated in vivo that anosmine-1 modulated the expression of FGFR1in CHO cells. We then cloned the prokr1 and prokr2. By in situ hybridization we have studied their patterns of expression during development and adulthood. Finally, we investigated the functional role of ProkR2 by injecting morpholino antisense oligonucleotides in a 1 cell stage zebrafish and have demonstrated that morphants shown an altered fasciculation of olfactory axons, disruption and decreased numbers of neurons in the olfactory bulb and whole brain and a blocked migrating of PLL. These phenotypes are similar to those found in kal. 1a morphants which allowed us to propose ProkR2 as an interactant of anosmine-1. The second part of this manuscript we characterized the zebrafish prok2 gene and showed that its transcription takes place in almost all proliferating areas previously identified in adult zebrafish brain. Moreover, in TC, prok2 transcription was mainly, likely specifically, restricted to neurons. Next, using a new model of TC injury in adult zebrafish, we observed that telencephalon lesion induced a drastic increase in cell proliferation within the injured hemisphere in regions located both adjacent and distal to injury site. Moreover, our data strongly suggest that cell proliferation was followed by the migration of newly generated neurons towards injury site. In addition, we observed a transient over-expression of prok2 transcripts in cells surrounding the lesion during the very first days post-injury, and, a few days later, in broad cell rows extending from TC cortical regions to injury site. However, prok2 over-expression was no longer detected when the regeneration was completed, showing that ectopic prok2 transcription paralleled neuronal regeneration. Taken together, our results suggest that in adult zebrafish brain, Prok2 may be involved in both adult neurogenesis and injury-induced neuronal regeneration and could have a great therapeutic value in neurodegenerative diseases
Janbain, Ali. "Utilisation d'algorithmes génétiques pour l'identification systématique de réseaux de gènes co-régulés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT019/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop a new automatic approach to identify networks of genes involved in the same biological function. This allows a better understanding of the biological phenomena and in particular of the processes involved in diseases such as cancers. Various strategies have been developed to try to cluster genes of an organism according to their functional relationships : classical genetics and molecular genetics. Here we use a well-known property of functionally related genes mainly that these genes are generally co-regulated and therefore co-expressed. This co-regulation can be detected by microarray meta-analyzes databases such as Gemma or COXPRESdb. In a previous work [Al Adhami et al., 2015], the topology of a gene coexpression network was characterized using two description parameters of networks that discriminate randomly selected groups of genes (random modules, RM) from groups of genes with known functional relationship (functional modules, FM), e.g. genes that belong to the same GO Biological Process. We first tested different topological descriptors of the co-expression network to select those that best identify functional modules. Then, we built a database of functional and random modules for which, based on the selected descriptors, we constructed a discrimination model (LDA)[Friedman et al., 2001] allowing, for a given subset of genes, predict its type (functional or not). Based on the similarity method of genes worked by Wang and co-workers [Wang et al., 2007], we calculated a functional similarity score between the genes of a module. We combined this score with that of the LDA model in a fitness function implemented in a genetic algorithm (GA). Starting from a given Gene Ontology Biological Process (GO-BP), AG aimed to eliminate genes that were weakly coexpressed with the largest clique of the GO-BP and to add genes that "improved" the topology and functionality of the module. We tested TopoFunc on the 193 murine GO-BPs comprising 50-100 genes and showed that TopoFunc aggregated a number of novel genes to the initial GO-BP while improving module topology and functional similarity. These studies can be conducted on several species (humans, mice, rats, and possibly chicken and zebrafish) to identify functional modules preserved during evolution
Hasson, Alice. "Rôles fonctionnels des gènes CUC et MIR164A au cours du développement foliaire chez Arabidopsis thaliana et sa proche relative Cardamine hirsuta." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112063.
Full textA wide diversity of leaf shapes characterises the plant world. This diversity ranges from simple leaves with smooth margins to compound leaves with dissected margins. However, all serrations of simple or compound leaf margins are developed using a similar mechanism. This mechanism includes the action of the NO APICAL MERISTEM/CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (NAM/CUC) genes as well as the auxin pathway. In Arabidopsis simple leaves, a balanced expression of CUC2 and its repressor miR164 is controlling the serrations development. We have shown that another member of the CUC family, CUC3, also contributes to the serration development in Arabidopsis simple leaves. While its action is mainly dependent of the one of CUC2, it also acts later during leaf development. Additionally, we have demonstrated that a feed-back loop was regulating the CUC2 and auxin pathways, in order to form leaves with more or less incisions. We also shown that a temporal expression pattern was established between the auxin and the CUC2-miR164 module. Moreover, generation of transgenic Cardamine hirsuta plants, a close relative of Arabidopsis, that possesses compound leaves, has enlighten the importance of cis-regulatory elements in the promoter of CUC1 from Cardamine hirsuta. Indeed, the divergence of cis-regulatory elements between promoters of CUC1 from Cardamine hirsuta and Arabidopsis could explain that CUC1 is expressed strongly in Cardamine hirsuta leaves whereas it is weakly expressed in Arabidopsis leaves
Cacheux, Marine. "Effets fonctionnels de mutations de gènes codant des protéines du complexe de relâchement du calcium impliqués dans les pathologies du muscle strié." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV075.
Full textThe calcium release complex (CRC) plays a central role in both skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. The composition of the complex is quite similar in both tissues, and differs only by tissue specific isoforms. The core of the complex is composed of the dihydropyridines receptor, a voltage sensor channel of the T-tubule and the ryanodine receptor, the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium channel. A number of proteins are associated to this calcium channel like calsequestrin, triadin, junction and FKBP. Mutations in the skeletal CRC are responsible for rare and often severe diseases. This thesis work focuses on the study of physiopathological mechanisms induced by some of these mutations to decipher pathological mecanisms but also to understand the overall CRC functioning in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The first part of this study concerns RYR1, the skeletal RyR isoform coding gene. This gene is mostly the target of mutations resulting in core myopathies. The functional effect of these mutations spred on the entire RYR1 sequence is little known. These mutations could directly alter the calcium channel function but also its targeting to the triad or its regulation by other CRC proteins. Among these hypotheses, the modification of RyR1 localisation and regulation by a protein, Caveolin-3, have been highlighted with the study of two RyR1 mutations. The second part of this study concerns the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), a rare fatal arrhythmia caused in part by mutations in RYR2 and CASQ2, both belonging to the cardiac CRC,. Recently, we have identified the first mutations in the human triadin gene, TRDN, in a CPVT patient. The goal of this project was to study the molecular and physiological consequences of one of these TRDN mutations allowing the analysis of the pathological mechanisms of this disease, but also a better understanding of the normal function of the cardiac CRC
Prudence, Marie. "Caractérisation des marqueurs génétiques fonctionnels de la nutrition et/ou de l’adaptation (les amylases) chez l’huître creuse Crassostrea gigas : intérêts pour la sélection." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2011.
Full textTwo amylase genes, A and B, from the oyster Crassostrea gigas were characterized. Using PCR-RFLP, 6 and 4 alleles, respectively, were described for the amylase genes A and B. The roles of A and B amylase genes were investigated experimentally. They are expressed during larval and adult stages, and A transcripts are more abundant than B. The A transcript increases significantly with temperature, in high trophic conditions. However, A and B transcript levels do not change when food quantity increases although amylase activity augments. The level of B is correlated with dietary starch quantities, whereas the amount of A appears to remain constant ; simultaneously amylase activity decreases and the KM increases. These results suggest that expression of B is regulated by diet quality in contrast to A expression. And that the B amylase probably has a higher KM. In order to study the relationships between polymorphism and amylase function, 5 bi-parental families with checked polymorphisms were bred and reared in two geographic areas over one year. Significant growth differences between genotypes of a same family were mainly observed in one location, indicative for a site effect. Some genotypes, displaying significant differences in growth, demonstrated variations in amylase activity although their KM remained constant. Survival performance was not influenced by these amylase polymorphisms. This correlation between amylase polymorphism and growth indicates that growth of C. Gigas oysters can be improved using the amylase markers for selective breeding programs
Book chapters on the topic "Gènes fonctionnels"
PAREY, Elise, and Camille BERTHELOT. "Les duplications complètes du génome, une redondance à l’échelle du génome entier." In Fonction et évolution des séquences répétées dans les génomes, 13–60. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9119.ch1.
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