Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gènes de sensibilité'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 24 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Gènes de sensibilité.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Coltel, Nicolas. "Malaria cérébrale expérimentale : de la microvésiculation aux gènes de sensibilité." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20653.
Full textGolfier, Geoffroy. "Données génomiques associées aux puces à ADN : outils et analyses bioinformatiques appliqués à l'étude du chromosome 21." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077084.
Full textTerret-Welter, Zoé. "Identification de gènes de résistance par perte de sensibilité face au Tomato spotted wilt virus chez les Solanacées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0262.
Full textThe Tomato spotted wilt virus is the second most destructive plant virus, particularly in Solanacea. Despite resistance genes found in Tomato and Pepper toward this virus, new isolates were able to overcome those genes. There is an urgent need to develop new durable genetic resistance. Resistance by loss of susceptibility is one of the great opportunities. My thesis falls within the ambition to characterize a TSWV isolate and to identify protein interaction between the virus and his host, Solanum Lycopericum. TSWV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase adaptive evolution and constrained domains was analyzed. TSWV-LYE51 genome was sequenced. We decided to focus on the RdRp which is the key protein for cycle life. This protein is responsible of the transcription and replication of the viral genome. A 3D model of this protein was made by homology modeling. Phylogenetic and selection analysis show up some hot-spot of adaptive mutation and constrained domains. Those results were useful to search resistance genes. Then, we were looking for candidates genes implicated in TSWV sensibility. Virus has to hijack host cellular protein in order to accomplish its cycle and infect its host. Host proteins are susceptibility factors. Those factors could lead to resistance by their absence or their modification. To find them, some yeast-two hybrid screenings were made using constrained domains previously identify as bait. We identify several candidates’ genes which still have to be validated. My work allows us to obtain new information about TSWV infectious mechanism and its adaptation. It brings new perspective in loss-of-susceptibility resistance development by using natural variability
Maillard, Jean-Charles. "Immunogénétique moléculaire de la sensibilité et de la résistance à la dermatophilose bovine : une approche fonctionnelle gènes candidats." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20141.
Full textGros, Laurent. "Identification de nouveaux gènes de sensibilité aux agents antitumoraux par sélection d'éléments génétiques suppresseurs : modulation de la sensibilité cellulaire aux dommages de l'ADN par des protéines Arginine N-Methyltransférases." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066431.
Full textPapouli, Efterpi. "Etude des réponses de cellules de mammifères aux agents pontant l'ADN : identification de gènes impliqués dans le sensibilité à la mitomycine C." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30069.
Full textCheyssac, Claire. "Etude de deux gènes candidats du DT2 : EIF4A2 : candidat positionnel au locus 3Q27 et PTPN1/PTP1B : cible pharmacologique dans la sensibilité à l'insuline." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S009.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes affecting more than 170 million people worldwide. The T2D pathophysiological mechanisms are characterized by defects of insulin secretion and insulin action leading to chronic hyperglycaemia determined by interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Although many genes responsible for monogenic forms of diabetes were identified, genetic determinants influencing T2D predisposition are still largely unknown. To identify new susceptibility variants, we used two approaches : - a familial association study of positional candidate gene variants at the 3q27 locus in falilies showing linkage to T2D with onset before 45 years ; and the exploration of a physiological candidate gene, PTPN1, through case-control analyses in different groups of subjects with type 2 diabetes or obesity. The analysis of the 3q27 locus in French families with strong T2D aggregation (432 diabetes subjects and 129 normoglycaemic subjects) confirmed of a genetic linkage with T2D age-of-onset. Two genes were investigated : KNG1, coding for kininogen, the bradykinin precursor, and EIF4A2 coding for the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4 alpha 2, a translation initiation factor involved in protein synthesis which is down-regulated by glucose in rat pancreatic beta cells (INS832/13). A variant (rs266714), located upstream of the EIF4A2 gene showed association with T2D and T2D age-of-onset in the families. Affected sib-pairs sharing at least one at risk T allele showed a LOD-score of 5. 24 which could explain the T2D linkage. Moreover, this variant partly explains the age-of-onset linkage. The rs266714 SNP could modify the expression level of the eIF4A2 factor which modulates mRNA translation and protein synthesis rates in pancreatic beta cells. The PTPN1 gene codes for the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, a negative regulator of the insulin and leptin signalling pathways. An association with T2D and moderate obesity is observed for a variant at the PTPN1 gene locus. In 736 normoglycaemic non obese subjects, 2 intronic SNPs associate with variations of quantitative traits of glucose and lipid metabolism : increased HOMA-B and triglycerides, decreased HDL-cholesterol, which suggests a possible role in metabolic syndrome. This genetics approach contributes to an improved understanding of the pathways involved in the development of T2D and to propose new therapeutic targets
Basmaciogullari, Stéphane. "Etude de la gp17, un marqueur des sécrétions apocrines : conséquences fonctionnelles de l'interaction gp17/CD4 sur la sensibilité des lymphocytes T CD4+ à la stimulation du récepteur de l'antigène." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T042.
Full textBonelli-Salvadori, Aurélie. "Sensibilité aux ondes électromagnétiques (4G) du cerveau de rat à différents âges : impact sur la persistance d'un souvenir spatial et sur l'expression des gènes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ105.
Full textThe increasing development of mobile phone technology and networks raises the question of the impact of electromagnetic fields in the radiofrequency range (RF) on human health and well-being. However, data from humans and animal scientific research remain controversial and do not allow to conclude about potential harmful effects of RF, particularly on the brain. Thus, our results showed that, in young, adult and aged rats, a chronic exposure (3 months) to a 4G LTE signal (900 MHz, SAR = 0.33 W/kg, 61V/m) had no impact on spatial learning and long-term memory, nor on anxiety and locomotion. Gene expression was studied using high throughput RNA sequencing in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, both in "Basal" and "Learning" conditions. Our results show that some genes belonging to specific functional groups were modulated by RF in the dorsal hippocampus in "Basal" condition and, in the median prefrontal cortex during and after spatial learning. However, it is to note that these gene expression modulations have no impact on recent or remote memory. In perspective, it will be important to explore the potential effects of such changes in brain functioning
Bouquin, Thomas. "Expression des gènes codant l'ACC oxydase chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. ). : Mise en évidence de régions régulatrices impliquées dans la sensibilité à l'éthylène." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT002A.
Full textAstorgues-Xerri, Lucile. "Rôle de la galectine-1 et de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse dans la sensibilité et la résistance aux thérapies ciblées anticancéreuses." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077129.
Full textDeciphering mechanism of resistance to anticancer targeted therapies represent a crucial challenge of medical progress for the identification of future therapeutic targets. In our panel of tumor cell lines, résistance to PKCs inhibitors is mainly associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Indeed, resistant cells show an increase in mesenchymal markers concomitant with a decrease in epithelial markers. Our findings point out endothelin-1 and activating K-Ras mutation as the molecular factors responsible of PEP005 and enzastaurin resistance, respectively. PTX-008 is a compound aimed to target galectin-1, a lectin implicated in tumor proliferation and metastatic dissemination. PTX-008 inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells with épithelial phenotype and low levels of galectin-1. In thé PTX-008-sensitive head and neck cell line, PTX-008 decreases galectin-1 expression and blocks PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. In xenografts, PTX-008 treatment inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination. In combination, PTX-008 shows synergistic effects with another antiangiogenic agent as sunitinib, and potentiates the effects of several classical cytotoxic compound used in clinical practice. Moreover, a cell line PTX-008-resistant has been developed in our lab, which displays a mesenchymal phenotype and a marked galectin-1 expression decrease. Altogether, our results may contribute to optimize future selection of patients candidate to targeted therapies, and validate galectin-1 as a promising new target for innovant anticancer approaches
Gassiot, Matthieu. "Rôle du récepteur des xénobiotiques PXR (Pregnane X Receptor) et de ses gènes cibles sur la sensibilité des lignées de cancer de prostate aux inhibiteurs de kinases." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT133/document.
Full textMore and more kinase inhibitors (KIs) are tested in prostate cancer that represents a major health issue in men with its incidence and mortality rates. Clinical trials to evaluate KIs efficacy in prostate cancer gave disapointing results depsite the presence of KIs pharmacological targets in prostate tumors (VEGF, EGFR, CMET..), suggesting that inefficiency of these drugs would be at least in part linked to the inhibitor itself or its pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics parameters. Indeed KIs are metabolized and transported via phase I and II enzymes that are mainly controlled by the xenoreceptor PXR (Pregnane X Receptor, gène NR1I2). It is mainly expressed in liver and gastro-intestinal tract but also in epithelial tumors. PXR is also involved in the resistance to chemotherapies by increasing the catabolism and the efflux of these anticancer agents. To date only one study evaluated PXR expression in prostate cancer without evaluating its impact on treatment efficacy. In collaboration with Pr G. Fromont we analyzed a cohort of 449 prostate tumors and observed that PXR was more frequently detected in castration resistant or metastatic tumors as compared to clinically localized forms in which PXR expression was significantly correlated with TNM and ISUP Score. These results confirmed the interest to study the potential role of PXR and its target genes in the sensitivity to kinase inhibitors in prostate cancer models.We measured the expression of PXR and its target genes in prostate cancer cell lines 22RV1, LnCap, PC3 and DU145. The results showed that enzymes and transporters involved in KI detoxification was significantly expressed in these cells whereasPXR was poorly expressed due to hypermethylation of NR1I2 in our cells. This lead us to develop specific prostate cancer cell models stably overexpressing PXR in which transcriptional activity of PXR can be induced by its known agonist SR12813 further indicating that prostate cancer cells are metabolically competent. Using these models we showed that PXR overexpression modulates the sensitivity of 22RV1 cells to erlotinib, dasatinib, dabrafenib and afatinib, demonstrating that PXR plays a functional role in the sensitivity to KIs. We also demonstrated that several KIs were PXR agonists, including dabrafenib that displayed enhanced agonistic properties as compared to SR12813, a result that was never published before. This original finding led us to engage the cristalization of PXR/dabrafenib complex and to test whether induction of PXR could lead to an alteration of metabolism and transport of other drugs that are co-administered. In this line we have observed that in 22RV1 cells the additive effect of the combination of dabrafenib with trametinib that is already approved in the treatment of melanomas, became antagonistic when PXR was overexpressed in these cells. This result is supporting our hypothesis though we still need to demonstrate that this effect is linked to a change in drugs metabolism, which is currently under investigation by the measurement of the known metabolites of these KIs.Altogether, our data could serve as rational basis for the choice of kinase inhibitors or their potential combinations that could be tested in further clinical trials alone or in association with hormone therapies or with chemotherapies that are currently prescribed in the treatment of advanced prostate cancers, in order to potentiate tumor response
Guillon, Noëlle. "Recherche de gènes cibles directs de EWS-FLI-1 dans les cellules d'Ewing : Description de cibles microsatellites et étude du rôle de la cible Sec 14L2 dans des mécanismes de sensibilité à l'alpha tocophérol succinate." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T092.
Full textKajaste-Rudnitski, Anna. "Impact du polymorphisme des gènes CD209 (DC-SIGN) et 2'-5 oligo-adénylate synthétase 1b (2' -5 Oas1b) sur leurs activités fonctionnelles en relation avec les flaviviroses dengue et fièvre du Nil occidental (West Nil)." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066051.
Full textOuibrahim, Laurence. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux facteurs de l' hôte impliqués dans les intéractions plante-Potyvirus : Analyses génétiques et fonctionnelles chez Arabidopsis Thaliana." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4048/document.
Full textThis work describes the use of forward and reverse genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify and characterize new host factors required for the infectious cycle of plant RNA viruses (genus Potyvirus). The exploration of the Arabidopsis natural genetic diversity led to the identification of the recessive rwm1 gene for resistance to Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Rwm1-mediated resistance was identified in the Cvi-0 accession where it acts at an early stage of the infection process by impairing virus accumulation in initially infected tissues. Map-based cloning results, allelic sequence analysis and functional validation experiments, strongly suggest the involvement of chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase (cPGK), a key photosynthetic enzyme, in rwm1-mediated resistance. In parallel, a candidate gene approach was developed to investigate the potential role of the TOR kinase (Target Of Rapamycin) in the control of susceptibility to potyviruses. Arabidopsis RNAi lines displaying partial TOR inactivation showed a significant decrease of susceptibility to the infection by two potyviruses, namely WMV and Turnip mosaic virus. The results from a comparative proteomic analysis of cap-binding complexes between wild type and TOR RNAi infected and healthy lines suggest that TOR could play a role in plant-potyvirus interactions by regulating the activity of the translation initiation factor eIF3. Overall, this work opens a challenging research area to provide novel insights on the molecular principles underlying viral infection processes and opportunities to improve and optimize the way we tackle plant resistance to viruses through a diversification of genetic targets
Antignac, Aude. "Analyse des souches de Neisseria meningitidis de sensibilité diminuée à la pénicilline G." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077005.
Full textKhalil, Georges. "Etude des cytokines exprimées, après stimulation in vitro par amoxicilline, par des lymphocytes T humains sensibilisés." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077134.
Full textSince the withdrawal of penicillin determinants from the market, in addition to the hazard of re-exposing the patient to the drug, skin testing for the diagnosis of penicillin allergy has become less accurate and less standardized. The assay currently used, the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), lacks sufficient sensitivity, and requires the use of radioactive material. The objective of this study was to establish an accessible and reliable method for the safe diagnosis of penicillin allergy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 18 patients who were allergic to penicillin and 12 control subjects using the Ficoll-Hypaque method. The isolated, sensitized cells were stimulated in vitro with amoxicillin (1 mg/mL). Stimulation with phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) was used as the positive control. Transcriptional expression of specific cytokines (IL-2, -4, -5 and -13, TGF-p, TNF-a and IFN-y) was assessed by RT-PCR. IFN-c expression was also evaluated by ELISPOT. Secreted levels of IL-2, -5 and IFN- y were measured by ELISA. All of these assays were performed two or five days, post-stimulation. This study of the in vitro diagnosis of penicillin allergy by the measurement of cytokine concentration in the supernatants of sensitized lymphocytes cultures involved the largest number of patients to-date. The A values (difference in cytokine concentration in the supernatants before and after stimulation) were compared between cases and controls using different statistical tests (Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney rank test). Of the various tests performed in this study, measurement of secreted cytokines using ELISA was the most sensitive and specific (80% and 100% respectively). In vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes sensitized to amoxicillin is a safe and useful test for the diagnosis of penicillin allergy if the ELISA is used to measure cytokine expression. The advantages are that it can be performed by many laboratories since kits to determine cytokines are widely available, and it can be done without the need for particularly specialized equipment
Demirjian, Choghag. "Deciphering Arabidopsis thaliana responses to Ralstonia solanacearum virulence factors through the study of plant natural variation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30109.
Full textRalstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is considered one of the world’s most important bacterial pathogens. This soil-borne bacterium relies mainly on its type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III effectors (T3Es) in order to cause disease in more than 250 plant species. R. solanacearum injects its T3Es through this molecular syringe directly inside the host plant. These T3Es hijack plant defense responses in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus aiming to suppress plant immunity and promote bacterial multiplication. T3E secretion is finely controlled at the post-translational level by helper proteins, called T3SS control proteins, and type III chaperones.To date, the in planta function of these effectors and helper proteins and how R. solanacearum modulates plant genes to its favor remains poorly understood. My thesis project aimed to better understand the role of R. solanacearum pathogenicity determinants by identifying some of the direct or indirect plant targets of A. thaliana, modulated by the bacterium. For this purpose, I used natural populations of A. thaliana on two geographical scales and adopted the approach of challenging mapping populations to R. solanacearum mutants in which major pathogenic determinants are mutated. This approach is new since most of the GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) in plant-pathogen interactions use wild-type strains of phytopathogens. Furthermore, it unveiled a previously undetected diversity of responses. In the first part of my Ph.D. project, I identified QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) involved in quantitative disease resistance to R. solanacearum single mutants and I validated these QTLs as susceptibility factors. In the second part of my thesis, we studied a gene encoding for a NLR protein that we called Bacterial Wilt Susceptibility 1 (BWS1). We showed that BWS1 was acting as quantitative susceptibility factor, mediating a negative regulation of an SGT1-dependent immune response
Ferlotte-Picard, Guillaume. "La modulation de l'expression du gène PARG par l'interférence à l'ARN sensibilise les cellules de gliomes humains aux rayons ionisant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27661/27661.pdf.
Full textBennour, Emad. "Impact du protocole de transfert par voie rétrovirale du gène de l'enzyme thymidine kinase du virus Herpès Simplex sur le métabolisme protéique et la sensibilité au Ganciclovir de lymphocytes T génétiquement modifiés." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0008.
Full textThe infusion of Ganciclovir can allow controlling the alloreactivity of gene-modified T cells (GMC) expressing the Herpes Simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). A limitation to this approach was related to the presence of an inactive form of th HSV-TK gene, resulting from an alternative splicing. In order to circumvent this problem, a corrected HSV-TK (cHSV-TK) gene was fused to a truncated splice variant of the human CD34 molecule (tCD34) allowing for the immunomagnetic sorting of GMC. We demonstrated in the first part of this thesis that, despite this correction, CD34-positive, but Ganciclovir-resistant, GMC can still be generated after transduction with a vector encoding a tCD34/cHSV-TK fusion protein, through two mechanisms involving deletions in the HSV-TK part of the transgene and a partial proteolysis of the fusion protein, of which only the CD34 part is still expressed. In the second part, we compared the " old " protocol previously used to produce GMC during our first clinical trial, using a CD3 activation and G418 selection to a " new " protocol that we propose to use in future studies, using a CD36CD28 activation and ΔNGFR expression-based immunomagnetic selection. We show that the new protocol has advantages in terms of proliferation, sensitivity to apoptosis and protein metabolism, because of the CD3-CD28 costimulation and the absence of G418 selection, but also an increased expression of HLA class II molecules, which could be related to a potentially increased immunogenicity of GMC. This later point should be considered if using the new protocol for future clinical trials
Billaud, Amandine. "Analyse moléculaire, enjeux et limites des thérapies ciblées en oncologie : extension des sensibilités aux anti-PARP dans les cancers ovariens par caractérisation de variants non annotés et nouveaux mécanismes de résistance dans les cancers bronchiques. Caractérisation moléculaire de l’EGFR dans les cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules : étude prospective comparative des technologies NGS et automate Idylla Somatic mRNA analysis of BRCA1 splice variants provides a direct theranostic impact on PARP inhibitors." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0003.
Full textDespite significant clinical benefit from the consideration of molecular context, targeted therapies are still challenging. First part of this work focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR in non small cell lung cancers. Thus, improvement of biomarkers detection methods was completed by in vitro characterization of an unreported mechanism of acquired resistance. Briefly, pulmonary cells were exposed to a mutagen agent and a selection pressure was applied with EGFR inhibitors allowing the detection of TBK1 signature. Finally, synergic effect of that co-inhibition was highlighted. Now essentials in gynaecological cancers management, PARP inhibitors represent the second part of that work. Those targeted therapies are based on synthetic lethality. Consequently, BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations are required for their administration, illustrating the issue of variants of uncertain significance. Toward their functional characterization necessity, a transcriptional analysis of splicing variant was first conducted on mRNA extracted from FFPE samples. Then, to evaluate functional signification of all types of variants, genomic edition was developed. Editing efficiencies of the unknown variant and a silent control one were compared in a haploid model where those genes are essentials. Functional signification of BRCA1/2 variants, and thereby mutations from all essential tumor suppressor genes in our model, can be evaluated in three weeks which is compatible with clinical management
Billard, de Saint Laumer Bénédicte. "Évolution de la plasticité développementale chez le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6000.
Full textAdaptive developmental plasticity is a common phenomenon allowing organisms to cope with heterogeneous habitats through sensation of environmental cues inducing alternative phenotypes. While there is increasing information on the molecular mechanisms regulating developmental plasticity as well as ample evidence that such plasticity displays natural genetic variation, we still have limited information on how the degree of sensitivity to environmental cues regulating plasticity evolves through specific changes at the molecular level. Focusing on the plastic life history switch between reproductive and arrested (dauer) developmental stages in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we characterized the molecular nature of enhanced sensitivity to dauer-inducing cues in the wild isolate JU751. This isolate has the unique tendency to readily form dauers not only at moderate population density but also in response to an array of diverse, yet relatively mild environmental stressors (high temperature, starvation, oxidative stress, pathogens). Based on QTL mapping, we identified a 92bp deletion in the presumptive promoter region of the gene eak-3 – drastically reducing eak-3 expression in JU751 – as the underlying causal variant.Eak-3 is exclusively expressed in the endocrine XXX cells, indicative of its role in affecting signalling through the steroid hormone dafachronic acid, the central downstream component controlling the binary dauer decision. Constitutively reduced levels of eak-3 thus reduce steroid hormone levels, hence lowering the environmental sensitivity threshold for dauer induction, consistent with the observed enhancement of JU751 dauer induction in response to any of several different environmental cues. Therefore, evolution of increased environmental sensitivity of the JU751 dauer decision has occurred through modulation of a hormonal level. Testing for potential pleiotropic consequences of the eak-3 variant in JU751 using allelic replacement lines, we find this deletion to cause a subtle, yet significant delay of postembryonic reproductive growth in favourable conditions, delaying age at reproduction by ~3 hours. This developmental delay is indeed due to reduced steroid hormone signalling, suggesting that acquisition of the eak-3 deletion in JU751 has led to the emergence of a trade-off between developmental timing and environmental sensitivity of a plasticity switch. Consistent with this scenario, we experimentally show the eak-3 deletion allele to be rapidly outcompeted in environments favouring reproductive (non-dauer) growth; in contrast, the deletion may provide a significant fitness advantage through facilitated dauer production in highly stressful environments. Together, our results show how a specific molecular change can underlie the evolution of adaptive developmental plasticity, and they further provide a rare example illustrating how seemingly complex life history trade-offs can emerge through hormonal pleiotropy caused by a single genetic change
Gayet-Ageron, Angèle. "L’utilisation de la technique d’amplification de Treponema pallidum dans le diagnostic des ulcères oro-génitaux liés à la syphilis." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T005/document.
Full textBACKGROUND Syphilis has re-emerged in at-risk populations since 2000. Although the treatment of syphilis is simple, its diagnosis remains challenging. Treponema pallidum Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tp-PCR) has been used in the diagnosis of syphilis since 1990 but it is included in the case definition of the CDC since January 2014. OBJECTIVES 1) To assess the accuracy of Tp-PCR in various biological specimens and syphilis stages. 2) To measure its diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) in ulcers from early syphilis compared to three groups of reference. 3) To compare the accuracy of the two most currently used targets: tpp47 and polA genes.METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies published from 1990. We implemented a multicentre, prospective, observational study in 5 European cities between 09/2011 and 09/2013 among patients with an oral or genital ulcer suggestive of syphilis. All patients were tested with traditional reference tests plus 2 Tp-PCRs (tpp47 and polA). We estimated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of Tp-PCR compared to darkfield microscopy (DFM), serology and an enhanced gold standard. We used the kappa coefficient to assess the agreement between the 2 targets.MAIN RESULTST p-PCR had the best accuracy in ulcers from early syphilis. Tp-PCR performed better when compared to the enhanced gold standard and had a higher sensitivity than DFM. The 2 Tp-PCRs had a similar accuracy and an almost perfect agreement.CONCLUSIONS Tp-PCR targeting either tpp47 or polA is clinically useful to confirm an early syphilis in smears and could even replace DFM under specific conditions
Labrecque, Olivia. "Sensibilité d'isolats de Staphylococcus aureus d'origine bovine aux antimicrobiens et présence de gènes de résistance." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7175.
Full text