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Oliveira, Marco Antonio Perez de. "A coisa julgada sobre a sentença genérica coletiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-07062013-080415/.
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A dissertação se ocupa da análise da coisa julgada sobre a sentença genérica coletiva de procedência que, segundo a regra do artigo 95 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor brasileiro, tem por objeto a fixação de responsabilidade do réu para efeitos da tutela coletiva de direitos individuais homogêneos. O primeiro capítulo analisa a ação civil coletiva do direito brasileiro, com particular ênfase para a repartição da atividade cognitiva entre as questões comuns, objeto da ação coletiva propriamente dita, e das questões particulares que constituem objeto das ações complementares em que se apuram a titularidade e o conteúdo dos direitos individuais a cuja tutela se direciona o procedimento. O capítulo seguinte realiza uma revisão da teoria da coisa julgada, sob a ótica da vinculação da jurisdição moderna à tutela dos direitos previamente reconhecidos pela ordem jurídica, que passam a constituir a unidade mínima estrutural do processo civil. Finalmente, o último capítulo classifica a sentença genérica coletiva como modalidade de sentença parcial de mérito e examina diferentes teorias que buscaram explicar a estabilidade desse tipo de decisão. Os resultados atingidos são aplicados para se estudar a viabilidade do estabelecimento de parâmetros de liquidação na própria sentença genérica e a obrigatoriedade das questões resolvidas pela sentença genérica em ações conexas à ação coletivaThis dissertation deals with the analysis of the effects of res judicata upon the generic collective sentence which, according to article 95 of Brazilian Consumers Defense Code, has for object the fixation of defendants liability in the context of collective redress of individual rights. First Chapter analyses the civil collective action in Brazilian law, emphasizing the bifurcation of procedure that separates the decision of common issues, which are tried in the collective suit; and of particular issues, that constitute the object of complementary suits in which are tried the ownership and contents of individual claims. The following Chapter reviews the theory of res judicata in civil procedure, under the perspective of modern jurisdictions function of protection of rights previously recognized by law, making them the minimal structural unit of civil procedure. Finally, the last Chapter classifies the generic collective sentence as a species of partial sentence on the merits, and reviews different theories that tried to explain the stability of this sort of decision in order to identify its defining features. The results achieved are applied in the study of admissibility of claim-value definition in the very generic collective sentence, as well as in the binding effect of the common issue resolution in parallel suits.
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Seal, Amy. "Scoring sentences developmentally : an analog of developmental sentence scoring /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access:, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd12.pdf.
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Veysey, Christopher Lawrence. "Syntactic complexity and sentence processing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708578.
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Finney, Mianisha C. "Simulating Specific Language Impairment: Effects of Sentence Length and Input Rate on Complex Sentence Comprehension." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1255023751.
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Phillips, Jacquelyn Louise. "Sentence complexity and variation in school texts /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18878.pdf.
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Myachykov, Andriy. "Integrating perceptual, semantic and syntactic information in sentence production." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/31/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Judson, Carrie Ann. "Accuracy of Automated Developmental Sentence Scoring Software." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1448.pdf.
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Hillard, Dustin Lundring. "Automatic sentence structure annotation for spoken language processing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6080.
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Peterson, Justin. "Making novelty normal : a theory of sentence processing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8241.
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Boberg, Per. "Word by word, phrase by phrase, sentence by sentence : A corpus-based study of the N1 by N1 construction." Thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5771.
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The present paper examines the N1 by N1 construction using corpus linguistic methodology.The distribution of types of the construction that occur more than once either unhyphenated or hyphenated in any subcorpus of the British National Corpus accessed through the BrighamYoung University interface is examined. Written and spoken language as well as variousgenres are compared. Hyphenation is also investigated. A collocation analysis of some typesof the construction is further carried out and it is concluded that the N1 by N1 construction canbe part of the on a N1 by N1 basis construction. Results from the quantitative analysis as wellas the qualitative discussion suggest that the N P N construction may be undergoinglexicalisation starting as an adverbial and moving to functioning as a premodifier. Thissuggestion is indicated through complementary diachronic searches in the Oxford EnglishDictionary. It is also indicated that the construction may follow a development pattern similarto that of N1 to N1. The notion of construction is discussed in relation to the N1 by N1 construction, and a hierarchical view of constructions is proposed as a solution to some of theproblems with the term.
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Capek, Cheryl Monica. "The cortical organization of spoken and signed sentence processing in adults /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3120613.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-166). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Sundmalm, Sara Maria. "The Syntactic Origin of Old English Sentence Adverbials." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42888.
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Languages rely on grammatical rules, by which even such variable constituents as adverbials are affected. However, due to the many different positions in Old English sentences taken up by adverbials, it is easy to wrongfully assume that there is an absence of grammatical rules regarding adverbials in Old English. Hence, it may be possible to detect patterns of behaviour among Old English adverbs if their different position and movement within various clauses is studied systematically. This paper has been focused on examining two conjunct adverbs, and two disjunct adverbs, functioning as sentence adverbials in prose, in order to contribute information of where they are base-generated within the syntactic structure of Old English clauses, and thus hopefully contribute to a better understanding of the grammatical system of Old English. 120 sentences of prose containing sentence adverbials have been examined according to the Government and Binding Theory, as introduced in Stæfcræft: An Introduction to Old English Syntax, in order to establish where the different textual constituents of Old English are base-generated.
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Altmann, Gerald T. M. "Reference and the resolution of local syntactic ambiguity : the effect of context during human sentence processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6672.
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In this thesis we shall investigate the kinds of information which the Human Sentence Processing Mechanism employs during the resolution of local syntactic ambiguity in written texts. The thesis is in three parts. In Part I we consider some current models of syntactic ambiguity resolution. On the one hand, we consider the structural approaches, in which the processor considers only syntactic information when choosing between alternatives. On the other, we consider the interactive approaches, in which different kinds of information are brought to bear during the resolution process. In Part II, we describe a number of experiments which contrast the predictions of these two approaches. In particular, we investigate the processing of sentences which are locally ambiguous between a simple noun phrase analysis and a complex noun phrase analysis. Frazier (1979) predicts that the simple noun phrase analysis is chosen because it utilizes fewest phrasal nodes in its associated phrase marker. Crain and Steedman (1985), however, predict that the interpretation of the noun phrase is determined by referential factors, such as whether or not a unique referent can be identified for the noun phrase. The results support Crain and Steedman's interactive hypothesis. In Part III, we consider some theoretical issues concerning the timing of the processor's decisions. Crain and Steedman's original model is modified in the light of such considerations. We explore the implications of the modification for the status of syntax and semantics within our model of sentence comprehension. In the final chapter, we attempt to explain the existence of parsing preferences in sentences which are presented in isolation, and for which no explicit contextual information has been provided. We conclude that contextual considerations, such as the distinction between what is and what is not already known to the hearer, are of fundamental importance during the resolution of local syntactic ambiguity by the Human Sentence Processing Mechanism.
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Chen, Weijie. "An Investigation of Topic Sentences in Chinese Students’ Argumentative Essays : A Multidimensional Probe." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8397.
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Topic sentence writing is an important component of academic writing. Through studying topic sentences in Chinese students’ English essays, this research aims to find out the frequency and the placement of topic sentences, the wording within topic sentences and the relationship between topic sentences and paragraph unity. In this research, 45 English essays written by Chinese students were collected from WECCL corpus and targeted topic sentences were selected out afterwards. Depending on Wordsmith 3.0, results related to topic sentences were generated including the frequency, the placement, the wording of topic sentences and the unity between topic sentences and supporting sentences. Results show that Chinese students have a good awareness of writing topic sentences and placing them at the beginning of paragraphs. However, Chinese students are not good at applying transitional phrases and expressing ideas objectively as academic writing requires. Moreover, paragraph unity in some Chinese students’ essays is poor. In addition, as a part of this empirical study, an interview about how to write topic sentences was conducted among ten Chinese students majoring in English in order to verify the results. Based on the responses from the interview and previous research, this research suggests that Chinese rhetoric convention and school instruction on writing are two major factors leading to the present results.
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Merrill, Julia Carlson. "Focus in the structure of concepts in analytic discourse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3255.
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The primary focus of this thesis was to find out what makes workable topic sentences different from inadequate ones. A group of topic sentences was collected from the author's eight grade students and reviewed.
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Larsson, Christensen Emma. "Translating sentence openers : An analysis of the potential risk of syntactic interference in a translation from English to Swedish." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53556.
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In this paper the changes that occur in the translation of initial sentence elements regarding clause element function as well as thematic structure are analyzed. The first part of the aim is to investigate how these functions and structures change in translation. The second part of the aim is to analyze the potential risk of syntactic interference from using thematic or word order solutions that are too close to the SL or too uncommon in the TL. To answer this the source text and translated text were divided by individual sentences and categorized by word order, thematic structure and differences between ST and TT. The results were compared to previous research by mainly Altenberg (1998) and Hasselgård (1998), with additional use of primarily Bohnacker (2010), Munday (2012) and Tirkkonen-Condit (2014) for further definitions of syntactical interference. The quantitative results suggested that there may be syntactical interference. This can be found mainly in the lack of ASV→SV word order structures, possibly due to a fear of deviating too far from the ST structure, and by an abundant use of formal subject (det), due to overcompensating by using TL specific structures that are perceived as common. However, it is not easy to find examples of translationese in syntax from only a cursory glance and the in-depth qualitative analysis was necessary for this conclusion.
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Gallo, Rolando Ricardo Mateo. "Informe Jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Expediente N° 00020-2015-PI/TC." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18339.
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El presente Informe Jurídico se justifica en la necesidad de otorgar de insumos a la Contraloría General de la República para que ejerza plenamente su potestad sancionadora, debido a que mediante STC 00020-2015-PI/TC se declara inconstitucional el catálogo de infracciones consagrado en el artículo 46 de la Ley 27785, incorporado por el artículo 1 de la Ley 29622, por contravenir el principio de tipicidad. Bajo dicho escenario, el objetivo del presente Informe Jurídico es realizar un análisis sobre la STC 00020-2015-PI/TC y proponer una lectura constitucional del artículo 46 de la Ley 27785, con la finalidad de rescatar la constitucionalidad parcial de dicha disposición normativa. Del análisis de la STC 00020-
2015-PI/TC se identifican cuatro problemas jurídicos. Primeramente, determinar si los artículos 45 y 51 de la Ley 27785, incorporados por el artículo 1 de la Ley 29622, son inconstitucionales por contravenir el principio de independencia, imparcialidad y no regresividad de derechos sociales. En segundo lugar, determinar si el artículo 46 de la Ley 27785, incorporado por el artículo 1 de la Ley 29622, es inconstitucional por contravenir el principio de tipicidad y ne bis in ídem. En tercer lugar, determinar si el artículo 47 inciso 1, literal a, de la Ley 27785, incorporado por el artículo 1 de la Ley 29622, es inconstitucional por contravenir el principio de acceso a la función pública y el de proporcionalidad. Por
último, determinar si las demás disposiciones de la Ley 29622 son inconstitucionales por conexidad. La metodología del Informe Jurídico para el análisis de los cuatro problemas jurídicos se basa en el análisis de los conceptos dogmáticos de los principios vulnerados y la aplicación de los principios constitucionales de interpretación. La conclusión principal es que el inciso b y d del artículo 46 de la Ley 27785, incorporado por el artículo 1 de la Ley 29622, es constitucional, en armonía con los conceptos de relación de sujeción especial y colaboración reglamentaria, además si se interpreta que el inciso b hace referencia al Código de Ética de la Función Pública - Ley 27815- y el inciso d refiere al Reglamento de Organización y Funciones, al Manual de Organización y Funciones o los términos de referencia, según sea el caso
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Pignatari, Alessandra Aparecida Calvoso Gomes. "Efeitos processuais no controle judicial de constitucionalidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-06102010-133203/.
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Constante alvo de preocupação dos processualistas, os efeitos das decisões judiciais ganham contornos inovadores e polêmicos no domínio da jurisdição constitucional brasileira. O presente estudo, além de fazer breve incursão sobre as premissas conceituais e classificatórias do controle de constitucionalidade, busca subsídios doutrinários sobre a classificação da sentença à luz dos efeitos que produzem, para, após, sistematizar idéias capazes de eliminar a falta de nitidez que paira sobre muitos dos efeitos produzidos na fiscalização judicial de constitucionalidade. A investigação se debruça sobre quais são esses efeitos, como e quando se operam no processo, o campo pelos quais se estendem e a quem alcançam; tal exame é feito de acordo com as características do controle difuso, incidental e concreto, de um lado, e da fiscalização concentrada, principal e abstrata, de outro. Nessa parte da pesquisa, para além de temas como o da retroatividade da decisão e o da modulação de efeitos, despontam, ainda: (i) a assimilação da súmula vinculante e da repercussão geral como institutos que potencializam a eficácia das decisões; (ii) projeção de efeitos erga omnes por meio de recurso extraordinário; (iii) o efeito vinculante visto como fator de aproximação entre os sistemas da common law e da civil law; (iv) as características do denominado processo objetivo; (v) a força obrigatória dos motivos determinantes do decisório; (vi) natureza dúplice e causa petendi aberta das ações de controle abstrato, entre outros. Ao final, considerando-se os possíveis conflitos entre as decisões editadas no controle difuso e no concentrado, analisa-se o impacto de um processo sobre o outro. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a abordagem da ação rescisória e dos instrumentos previstos nos artigos 475-L, §1º, I e 741, parágrafo único do Código de Processo Civil como possíveis caminhos de revisão da sentença que contraria decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal em matéria constitucional. Considerações conclusivas de cunho crítico encerram o trabalho.Object of constant concern for Procedural Law authors, the effects of judicial decisions gain new and controversial configurations in the scope of the Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction. This paper, besides presenting a brief overview on the conceptual and classificatory premises of the control of constitutionality, seeks support in legal writings on the classification of the sentences regarding the effects they produce, and then systematizes ideas capable of eliminating the lack of clarity in many of the effects produced in the judicial control of constitutionality. This study looks into such effects, how and when they manifest in the proceeding, the scope to which they extend and who they affect. Such examination is based, on the one hand, on the characteristics of diffuse, incidental and concrete control, and on the other hand, on the main and abstract concentrated control. In this part of the research, besides issues like retroactivity of decision and flexibilization of decision effects, other questions emerge, such as: (i) assimilation of binding precedent and of the general repercussion as potentializing agents of the efficacy of the decisions; (ii) projection of erga omnes effects, by means of extraordinary appeal; (iii) binding effect seen as a factor of approximation between common law and civil law systems; (iv) the characteristics of the so-called objective proceeding; (v) the binding force of the motives that determine the decision; (vi) Double nature and open causa petendi of the actions of abstract control, among others. Finally, considering the possible conflicts between the decisions passed in the diffuse control and in the concentrated control, the impact of one proceeding on the other is analyzed. Accordingly, rescissory action and instruments provided for in articles 475-L, paragraph 1, I and 741, sole paragraph, of the Code of Civil Procedure, are highlighted as possible paths towards revision of sentence, which contradicts decision by the STF (Federal Supreme Court) in constitutional matter. The paper is concluded with critical considerations.
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Chang, Kcomt Romy Alexandra. "Constitutional function assigned to the penalty: Bases for a criminal policy plan." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116385.
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This article intends to analyze treatment and functions assigned to the penalty by our Peruvian Constitution and the way this legal institution is conducted at the prescribed basic penalty level (imposed by the legislator ineach type of criminal offence), the specific penalty level (imposed by the judge according to its individual characteristics in each case) and at the penitentiary enforcement level. Finally recommends some considerations for carrying out a possible legislative reform in accordance with a criminal policy plan within our constitutional framework.El presente trabajo busca efectuar un análisis en torno al tratamiento y las funciones que nuestra Constitución política asigna a la pena, y la manera como dicha institución se desarrolla en nuestro país con respectoa la pena abstracta (la impuesta por el legislador en cada tipo penal), la pena concreta (la impuesta por el juez luego de una individualización en cada casoconcreto), y su ejecución en el ámbito penitenciario. Finaliza proponiendo algunas consideraciones para una eventual reforma legislativa conforme conun plan de política criminal que se encuentre dentro del marco constitucional.
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Jonsson, Erik. "Read-a-paper-bility: can you read this paper for me? : A readability study of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40157.
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In our information age, it is of the highest importance that information is easy to understand by as many members of the potential target audience as possible. The present study analyses and compares the readability of 20 newspaper articles, half from the tabloid Daily Mail and the other half from the broadsheet The Daily Telegraph. The methods used to analyse the articles are mathematic readability formulas based on sentence and word length, as well as analyses of the use of the active and the passive voice, type-token ratio, number of clauses per sentence, and linking words. The results do not completely align with each other. Three of the five methods – the readability formulas, the use of the passive voice, and clauses per sentence – suggest that the Daily Mail articles are easier to understand, whereas the type-token ratios imply the opposite, and the linking words results did not show a difference in readability.
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Федорак, Л. М., and L. M. Fedorak. "Призначення покарання за наявності обставин, що його пом’якшують: дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2010. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/800.
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Федорак Л.М. Призначення покарання за наявності обставин, що його пом’якшують: дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.08 – кримінальне право та кримінологія; кримінально-виконавче право / Федорак Леся Миколаївна. – Львів: Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2010. - 251 с.У дисертації міститься комплексне дослідження кримінально-правових питань призначення покарання за наявності обставин, що його пом’якшують. Здійснено аналіз становлення даного інституту, його кримінально-правового вираження у законодавстві деяких зарубіжних держав. Розкрито поняття, правову природу та ознаки обставин, що пом’якшують покарання, їх співвідношення із суміжними інститутами кримінального права. Визначено алгоритм призначення покарання із врахуванням усіх загальних засад призначення покарання, а також вплив пом’якшуючих обставин на призначуване судом покарання, в тому числі, тенденції кримінально-правової політики України на рівні реалізації щодо конкуренції обставин, що19 пом’якшують покарання, та обставин, що його обтяжують; встановлено перспективи вдосконалення нормативного регулювання процесу призначення покарання із застосуванням пом’якшуючих та обтяжуючих покарання обставин.In dissertation there is complex research of criminally-legal questions of awarding punishment at presence of circumstances, that he is softened. The analysis of becoming of this institute is carried out, him criminally-legal expression in the legislation of some foreign states. A concept, legal nature and signs of circumstances, which commute sentence, their correlations, with the contiguous institutes of criminal right, is exposed. Certainly algorithm of awarding punishment recognition all general principles of awarding punishment, and also influence of extenuating circumstances on punishment which is appointed a court, in a that number, tendencies of criminally-legal policy of Ukraine at the level of realization in relation to the competition of circumstances which commute sentence, and circumstances, that he is burdened; the prospects of perfection of the normative adjusting of process of awarding punishment are set with application of extenuating and aggravating punishment circumstances.
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Persson, Maria, and Emma Ericsson. "Bra jobbat pojkar! : En kvantitativ studie av skillnader i flerspråkiga flickors och pojkars skrivande." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70973.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka eventuella skillnader i flickors och pojkars skrivande under grundskolans tidigare år. I studien undersöks dagbokstexter skrivna av flerspråkiga flickor och pojkar i årskurs tre. Fokus ligger på att undersöka elevernas text- och meningslängd, långord samt nominalkvot. Tidigare forskning utförd på elever i årskurs nio samt på gymnasiet visar att pojkar tagit ett steg närmare flickorna i vissa aspekter i sin skriftliga komplexitet. Vår studie om elevers skrivande i årskurs tre talar till och med för att pojkarna gått förbi flickorna. Materialet består av tio dagböcker skrivna av sex flickor och fyra pojkar. I studien delar vi in eleverna som skriver texterna i flickor och pojkar, och vi förutsätter därmed att det finns vissa skillnader mellan dem som påverkar deras skriftspråksutveckling. Vi utgår från en positivistisk vetenskapsteori med en viss kvantitativ ansats och med tydligt mätbara textaspekter. De skillnader som studien visar är att pojkar skriver längre texter, har högre nominalkvot samt använder fler långord. Flickorna skriver däremot längre meningar än pojkar.
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Andersson, Stina. "Verbal contents of repetitions in Swedish child-directed speech." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131442.
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Repetitions in child-directed speech (CDS) have been shown to vary over time, and are suggested to affect first language acquisition. Correlations between verbal contents of repetitions in CDS and children’s language development have been suggested. The verbal contents of repetitions in Swedish CDS have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the verbal contents of repetitions in Swedish CDS during the child’s first 2 years and possible changes in proportions of repetitions during the same time span. Verbal contents of repetitions in parents’ speech in 10 parent-child dyads as the children were 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months old were investigated focusing on word classes, sentence types and whole-constituent change. The results were compared to the children’s productive vocabularies at the age of 30 months. Possible occurrences of item-based constructions and frequent frames in the repetitions were also examined. The overall results revealed patterns concerning change in verbal contents in repetitions over time and correlations between verbal contents in repetitions and child language development. Two proposals were made: parents adjust the complexity of their speech to linguistic developmental stages of their children, and linguistic variation in the input increases as the child grows older.Repetitioner i barnriktat tal (BRT) har visat sig variera över tid, och har föreslagits påverka förstaspåksinlärning. Även ett samband mellan det verbala innehållet i repetitioner i BRT och barns språkutveckling har föreslagits. Det verbala innehållet i repetitioner i svenskt BRT har inte undersökts tidigare. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka det verbala innehållet i repetitioner i svenskt BRT under barnets två första år och möjliga förändringar gällande andelen repetitioner under samma tidsperiod. Det verbala innehållet i repetitioner i föräldrars tal hos tio förälder-barn-dyader då barnen var 3, 6, 9, 12 och 24 månader gamla undersöktes med fokus på ordklasser, satstyper och förändringar gällande konstituenter. Resultaten jämfördes med barnens produktiva ordförråd vid 30 månaders ålder. Även den möjliga förekomsten av typbaserade konstruktioner (item-based constructions) och frekventa ramar (frequent frames) undersöktes. De övergripande resultaten uppvisade mönster gällande förändringar inom det verbala innehållet i repetitioner över tid samt ett samband mellan det verbala innehållet i repetitioner och barns språkutveckling. Två antaganden gjordes: föräldrar justerar komplexiteten i sitt tal efter språkliga utvecklingsfaser hos sina barn, och den språkliga variationen i inputen ökar med barnets ålder.
MINT: Modelling infant language acquisition from parent-child interaction (MAW 2011.007)
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Westerlund, Marcus. "Punktregel och precision : Kommenterad översättning av en EU-förordning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130829.
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Denna uppsats utgörs av en kommenterad översättning av ingressen och det första kapitlet i artikeldelen av den franska versionen av Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning nr 528/2012 till svenska. En strategi för översättningen bestäms utifrån ett antal utgångspunkter, exempelvis översättningsvetenskapliga teorier och EU:s anvisningar för översättning av rättsakter. Översättningen och den befintliga svenska versionen av förordningen analyseras sedan i syfte att undersöka likheter och skillnader i översättningsstrategi. Denna analys fokuserar på tre faktorer: transposition, modulation samt meningsbyggnad och EU:s punktregel. Det framkommer att både författarens egen översättning och den befintliga EU-versionen är mycket källtexttrogna, men att den befintliga versionen är mer källtexttrogen än vad uppsatsens översättning är, vilket tyder på en stark norm att inte avvika alltför mycket från källtexten.The present study consists of an annotated translation of the preamble and the first chapter of the operative part of the French version of regulation No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council into Swedish. A translation strategy is determined based on several factors, mainly applicable translation theories and the Swedish guidelines for translators of the Union’s legal documents. The translation is then compared to the existing Swedish version of the regulation in order to analyze similarities and differences concerning the translation strategies employed. This analysis focuses on three aspects: transposition, modulation as well as sentence structure and the Union’s punctuation rule. The analysis shows that both the author’s own translation and the existing Swedish version are very similar to the source text, but the existing Swedish version is much more so, indicating a strong norm not to stray too far from the source text.
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Johansson, Fredrik. "Traduire un article de recherche français en suédois : Les challenges du style elliptique du français." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88984.
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The purpose of this essay is to investigate the translation stategies chosen by the translator when translating present and past participles in contracted sentences in a French scientific article into Swedish. Previous research shows that the French language has a predilection for an elliptical sentences structure, whereas the Swedish language prefers complete clauses. This difference could eventually cause problems during the translation process when translating the French present and past participles in contracted sentences into Swedish. The source text has been translated into Swedish. The translation of the participles has then been categorized according to the strategy chosen by the translator and then analyzed according to the theoretical models by Eriksson (1997, 2015) and Ingo (2007). Our study shows that the majority of the present and past participles in contracted sentences in the source text has been translated into complete causes in the target text. The relative clause seems to be the most common choice by the translator. However, other strategies have sometimes been chosen, often as a consequence of an already complicated sentence structure in the target text or due to stylistic choices.
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Östlund-Stjärnegårdh, Eva. "Godkänd i svenska? : Bedömning och analys av gymnasieelevers texter." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1967.
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This thesis deals with the assessment of school texts by students in Swedish upper-secondary school or in the corresponding adult education and concentrates on what differs between the grades Pass and Fail. The 60 texts used in the survey come from the 1997 archives of the national test construction group. A questionnaire to teachers asks what criteria are most important when distinguishing between Pass and Fail. The five criteria pointed out are Holistic scoring, Relevant content, The connecting thought, Sentence structure and How the student has followed the instructions. The most salient result regarding grades is the difference between grades from the students’ own teachers and from the independent assessors. Ten texts have received a Fail from the student’s own teacher, but as many as 35 get an average Fail from three assessors. There is variation in assessment, but 18 Fail texts and 18 Pass texts get a unanimous grade. Quantitative analyses of the 60 texts show a definite correlation between grade and number of words. However, the Fail-groups among narrative, expository and argumentative texts contain both the shortest and the longest texts. School texts are longer now than thirty years ago, especially texts with low grades. Sentences and words have become shorter. Coherence is investigated by a method of reference cohesion. No clear difference between Pass and Fail texts can be found, but between types of essay topics. Also important is the organization of the text and its paragraphs, a factor which separates Fail and Pass texts. Various aspects of sentence structure show better results in the Pass texts. The thesis is concluded with a commentary on the demands of the last compulsory course in Swedish. The needed level is argued to be the ability to write for an unknown reader.
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Xavier, Neto Armênio Lannes. "Um estudo da genêse instrumental para função de uma variável real com várias sentenças." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18765.
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The main objective of this thesis is to study through Instrumental Genesis of a real variable function with several sentences cognitive development process of a group of students from the 2nd and 3rd year of high school. The theoretical framework used in the study was the Theory of Instrumentation from the perspective of Pierre Rabardel and the Theory of Semiotics Representation Registers of Raymond Duval. The research question of the dissertation was: "How is the Genesis Instrumental of a real variable function with several sentences in the second students and third years of high school, during a sequence of activities?" The methodology used in the study were the assumptions the didactic engineering Artigue. The conclusions of the study indicated that the Genesis Instrumental can be a suitable tool to study the cognitive development process of a real variable function with several sentences
O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é estudar por meio da Gênese Instrumental da função de uma variável real com várias sentenças o processo de desenvolvimento cognitivo de um grupo de alunos do 2o e 3o ano do ensino médio. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados no trabalho foram a Teoria da Instrumentação sob a ótica de Pierre Rabardel e a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica, de Raymond Duval. A pergunta investigativa da dissertação foi: “De que maneira ocorre a Gênese Instrumental da função de uma variável real com várias sentenças em alunos do 2o e 3o anos do ensino médio, durante uma sequência de atividades?” A metodologia utilizada no trabalho foram os pressupostos da engenharia didática de Artigue. As conclusões do trabalho indicaram que a Gênese Instrumental pode ser uma ferramenta adequada para estudar o processo de desenvolvimento cognitivo da função de uma variável real com várias sentenças
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Kurnik, Mattias. "Bilingual Lexical Access in Reading : Analyzing the Effect of Semantic Context on Non-Selective Access in Bilingual Memory." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-129044.
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Recent empirical studies about the neurological executive nature of reading in bilinguals differ in their evaluations of the degree of selective manifestation in lexical access as implicated by data from early and late reading measures in the eye-tracking paradigm. Currently two scenarios are plausible: (1) Lexical access in reading is fundamentally language non-selective and top-down effects from semantic context can influence the degree of selectivity in lexical access; (2) Cross-lingual lexical activation is actuated via bottom-up processes without being affected by top-down effects from sentence context. In an attempt to test these hypotheses empirically, this study analyzed reader-text events arising when cognate facilitation and semantic constraint interact in a 22 factorially designed experiment tracking the eye movements of 26 Swedish-English bilinguals reading in their L2. Stimulus conditions consisted of high- and low-constraint sentences embedded with either a cognate or a non-cognate control word. The results showed clear signs of cognate facilitation in both early and late reading measures and in either sentence conditions. This evidence in favour of the non-selective hypothesis indicates that the manifestation of non-selective lexical access in reading is not constrained by top-down effects from semantic context.Dagens eye-trackingstudier över de neurologiska processer som styr läsning i tvåspråkiga är oeniga om graden av icke-selektiv aktivation som infinner sig inuti den tvåspråkiges mentala lexikon enligt kvantitativa data på tidiga och sena åtkomstsstadier. Två olika förhållningssätt till frågan finns: (1) Lexikal åtkomst är fundamentalt sett icke-selektiv, men top-down effekter från semantisk kontext kan influera den grad av selektiv åtkomst som påträffas i mentala lexikon; eller (2) Parallell aktivation av olika språkplan sker via bottom-up processer utan någon inverkan ifrån top-down effekter ifrån meningskontext. För att testa dessa hypoteser undersöktes läsprover framtagna genom att kontrollera kognatförenklingseffekten och kontextskapad ordförutsägbarhet i en 22 faktorial stimulusdesign. 26 tvåspråkiga (svenska L1, engelska L2) läste meningsstimuli på engelska. Stimulus bestod av meningar med hög eller låg grad av semantisk och lexikal priming som innehöll antingen ett kognat- eller ett ickekognatkontrollord. Resultaten visade klara tecken på kognatförenkling i tidiga såsom sena åtkomstsstadier för båda typers meningsstimuli. Dessa resultat förespråkar att icke-selektiv åtkomst i läsning inte påverkas av top-down effekter ifrån meningskontext.
Författaren heter numer Mattias Bystedt.
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Shi, Yang. "La réglementation des contrats internationaux en Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010308.
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Les relations commerciales avec la Chine s’intensifiant, la conclusion de contrats internationaux est de plus en plus fréquente pour les opérateurs économiques étrangers et chinois. En vertu du principe de la liberté contractuelle, les parties à un contrat international peuvent choisir une loi applicable à leur contrat afin de bénéficier de plus de souplesse, de sécurité juridique ou de neutralité. Cette étude basée notamment sur les actualités juridiques chinoises a pour objectif de donner une référence pratique sur la réglementation des contrats internationaux en Chine à travers la présentation des principes généraux du contrat international chinois, la conclusion, l’exécution et les difficultés d’application des contrats internationaux. Il y est aussi analysé l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises, ainsi que certains cas de refus de reconnaissance et d’exécution de sentences étrangères en Chine. En traitant exclusivement des contrats internationaux en matière de commerce international, cette étude pourra offrir aux investisseurs étrangers désirant investir en Chine une vision relativement complète sur l’actualité de la réglementation des contrats internationaux en Chine et ainsi permettre aux parties de bien choisir la loi qui devra régir leurs rapports contractuels envisagés afin de réaliser leurs intérêts et d’éviter les mauvaises surprises liées à la méconnaissance des lois et des règlements chinois en vigueurChina’s economy has grown significantly during the past thirty years under a policy of socialist market economy. For the purposes of international trade, Chinese international contract law makes reference to western law, while maintaining distinctive features stemming from political influence and Chinese culture. As trade relations with China intensify, foreign and Chinese economic entities are entering into an increasing number of international contracts. In accordance with the principle of contractual freedom, parties to an international contract may choose which law will govern their contract, so as to enjoy a greater degree of flexibility, legal safety or neutrality. This study, based mainly on Chinese legal developments, aims to provide a practical reference on the regulation of international contracts in China by presenting the general principles of international Chinese contracts, and the negotiation and execution of international contracts, as well as difficulties related to their application. It also analyses the manner in which the United Nations Convention applies to international sale of goods contracts, as well as certain cases of refusal to recognize and enforce foreign arbitral awards in China. By dealing exclusively with international contracts related to international trade, this study will provide foreign investors wishing to invest in China with a comprehensive picture of the current regulation of international contracts in China and will allow the parties to choose which law to govern their contractual relationships in order to achieve their objectives and avoid any unpleasant surprises resulting from their lack of awareness of current Chinese laws and regulations
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DELFITTO, Denis. "Generics and variables in syntax." Doctoral thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/342530.
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La tesi discute alcuni aspetti dell'interfaccia fra sintassi e semantica, e in particolare: (1) sintassi e semantica delle frasi generiche col 'si' impersonale; (2) alcuni aspetti della teoria del controllo; (3) condizioni formali e intepretative sull'anafora pronominlaThis dissertation revolves around some topics in the syntax/semantics interface: (1) syntax and semantics of generic sentences involving impersonal 'si'; (2) some aspects of the theory of control; (3) formal and interpretive conditions on different varieties of pronominal anaphora
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Kai-ChouYang and 楊凱州. "General Sentence Encoder based on Self-Inference." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5ktrk3.
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Hsu, Huang-Yu, and 許桓瑜. "The Effects of Long Sentence Segmentation and Genetic Algorithm on News Classification." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51126970913458553032.
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碩士淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
100
The fast growing Internet has become a very important part of our lives. Its convenience, instantaneity, and globality enable users to receive news promptly, which also promotes the creation of news web sites. However, there’s no standard ways of classification for all the news. How to increase the accuracy and efficiency of news searching becomes a major issue to be solved. Also, a good news classification system depends on the quality of word segmentation, so it is very important to have an appropriate Chinese words segmentation system. In this paper we focused on two issues: the first is the Chinese word segmentation system. We use training articles to build vocabulary database, which will be used by two algorithms – Maximum Matching Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm to split unknown long sentence into short sentences during content analysis. The second is the news classification system. After performing word segmentation, we compare the segmented words with the vocabulary database to determine which categories the article most likely belongs to by Naive Bayesian Classification. In addition, we adopt A-Priori and Adjacent Characters Algorithm to identify unknown words or new words. The detected new words will be added to the database and we will use the expanded one to redo the tasks and see if there is difference in word segmentation and news classification. After splitting any long sentence into short sentences, the precision and recall of segmented words performed by Genetic Algorithm will increase. Furthermore, the results of news classification is fairly accurate if the word segmentation is appropriate. Adding new words to the database will also enhance the accuracy of both word segmentation and news classification more.
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Andrzejewski, Maciej. "Wyrok łączny jako sui generis wyrok w polskim procesie karnym." Praca doktorska, 2019. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/77287.
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Brighella, IE. "The influence of genetic, environmental and racial defendant characteristics on criminal trial outcomes." Thesis, 2018. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/31054/1/Brighella_whole_thesis.pdf.
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There is emerging evidence that aggression and antisocial behaviour may be influenced by the interplay between the low activity Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) genotype and history of childhood maltreatment exposure. Establishment of the genetic and environmental determinants of aggressive, antisocial behaviour has resulted in the court application of behavioural genetics evidence to achieve exculpation or leniency in the defendant’s criminal sentence. However, this is yet to be explored in the context of racial differences. The present research aimed to build upon existing literature concerning the efficacy of the application of behavioural genetics evidence in court, by examining the cumulative influence of a defendant’s genetics, environmental trauma and race on judiciary sentencing decisions. A total of 145 participants (118 female, 27 male), with ages ranging from 19-67 years, were randomly allocated to one of eight vignettes, where in which explanations concerning the defendant’s genetics, childhood maltreatment and race were manipulated. Participants completed questions relating to their perceptions of defendant criminal culpability and appropriate sentence severity, and a self-report questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards modern genomics (PUGGS; Carver et al., 2017). Findings demonstrated no interaction between MAOA genetic, environmental trauma and Indigeneity status defendant characteristics on judicial culpability and sentence severity determinations. However, there
was a modest effect on MAOA genetic evidence on judicial prison length decisions. This research is the first of its kind in an Australian population and contributes meaningful results to a growing field.
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Fernandes, Ana Rita Lopes Costa Fidalgo. "A suspensão da execução da pena de prisão e os crimes sexuais." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30195.
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A presente dissertação versa sobre a suspensão da execução da pena de prisão e a sua aplicação no âmbito dos crimes de cariz sexual. Procurou-se perceber se, atendendo às particularidades dos crimes sexuais e dos seus perpetradores e às suas repercussões comunitárias, é prudente um recurso tão frequente a este instituto. Para isso, analisaram-se as circunstâncias que rodeiam um comportamento sexual agressivo e o que o propulsiona. Abordou-se também o sentimento comunitário perante tais crimes. Apesar de se tratar de um tópico que reclama um tratamento multidisciplinar, concluiu-se que este tipo de crimes e de agressores estão a ser considerados à luz de dados que não representam a realidade.The present dissertation deals with the suspension of the execution of the prison sentence and its application in sexual crimes. It was sought to realize if, considering the particularities of sexual assault and their perpetrators and their public repercussions, it is prudent to resort so frequently to this institute. To this end, the circumstances that surround an agressive sexual behaviour and what causes it were analysed. The public reaction to such crimes was also addressed. Although it is a topic that requires a multidisciplinary treatment, it was concluded that this types of crimes and offenders are being considered in the light of data that doens´t represent the reality.