Journal articles on the topic 'Generic firm'
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Yohannes, Tecle H., and Aloys B. Ayako. "Top Management Team Demographic Diversities, Generic Strategy and Firm Performance in Marketing Social Research Association (MSRA) in Kenya." Applied Finance and Accounting 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v2i2.1586.
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This study investigated the relationship between Top Management Team (TMT) demographic diversities and firm performance using generic strategies as intervening variable in the Marketing and Social Research Association (MSRA) firms in Kenya. First, the relationship between TMT characteristics diversities and generic strategy was analyzed. Second, the link between generic strategy and firm performance was estimated. Mixed methods research design was used to critically investigate the relationship between the latent exogenous and endogenous variables of this study. The mixed research design used in this study was triangulation design, which was mainly transformation design model. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling analysis, using IBM SPSS AMOS version 21. The study found out that the homogenous demographic diversities among the top management team members had statistically significant effect on cost leadership strategy (p = 0.012). Besides, cost leadership strategy showed a statistically significant positive relationship on firm performance (p = 0.005). The findings of this study implied that organizations need to know and develop the best composition of top management team based on their demographic diversities in relation to the environment. Besides, the organizations need to empower the TMT members using monetary and nonmonetary incentives to further improve performance. Last but not least, the compositions of TMT in marketing research firms need to embrace gender diversity.
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Apel, Brian. "An Administrative Meter Maid: Using Inter Partes Review and Post-Grant Review to Curb Exclusivity Parking via the "Failure to Market" Provision of the Hatch-Waxman Act." Michigan Law Review, no. 114 (2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.114.1.administrative.
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Congress created the unique Hatch-Waxman framework in 1984 to increase the availability of low-cost generic drugs while preserving patent incentives for new drug development. The Hatch-Waxman Act rewards generic drug companies that successfully challenge a pharmaceutical patent: 180 days of market exclusivity before any other generic firm can enter the market. When a generic firm obtains this reward, sometimes drug developers agree to pay generic firms to delay entering the market. These pay-for-delay agreements give rise to exclusivity parking and run counter to congressional intent by delaying full generic drug competition. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act created several statutory forfeiture provisions that proved only marginally effective at curbing the practice of exclusivity parking. More recently, Congress created new quasi-judicial administrative proceedings that effectively replace certain kinds of district court patent litigation. This Note describes the complex statutory scheme that gave rise to exclusivity parking, explains why previous and current attempts to curtail exclusivity parking were and remain ineffective, and suggests amending the “failure to market” provision to include these new administrative proceedings as a way to help curb exclusivity parking.
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Furrer, Olivier, D. Sudharshan, Howard Thomas, and Maria Tereza Alexandre. "Resource configurations, generic strategies, and firm performance." Journal of Strategy and Management 1, no. 1 (August 22, 2008): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554250810909400.
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Bhandari, Shyam, and Anna J. Johnson-Syder. "A Generic Model Of Predicting Probability Of Success-Distress Of An Organization: A Logistic Regression Analysis." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 34, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10107.
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Many bankruptcy prediction models have been created over the years using a mix of variables derived mostly from accrual-based accounting statements and were industry specific. The primary issue with using a model comprised of accrual-based variables is that firm management can manipulate different components and make the balance sheet and income statement misleading (Wanuga 2006). Thus, firms appear financially healthy yet unable to meet the day-to-day cash flow needs of the firm; these financial issues are less likely to be hidden in the cash flow statement (Sharma 2001). In this study, we use a binary regression model with theoretically supported variables obtained from the cash flow statement to forecast firm success versus distress. Of particular interest, we examine firms representing 85 industries using firm data during and immediately following the greatest recession in United States history (Fieldhouse 2014; Lee 2014). The model is generic in the sense that it can be used to predict the probability of success-distress of any entity using the three major financial statements. We find that the overall model correctly classifies organizations 90.290 percent of the time.
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Habbershon, Timothy G., and Mary L. Williams. "A Resource-Based Framework for Assessing the Strategic Advantages of Family Firms." Family Business Review 12, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00001.x.
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The Resource-Based View (RBV) of competitive advantage provides a theoretical framework from the field of strategic management for assessing the competitive advantages of family firms. The RBV isolates idiosyncratic resources that are complex, intangible, and dynamic within a particular firm. The bundle of resources that are distinctive to a firm as a result of family involvement are identified as the “familiness” of the firm. This approach provides a research and practice method for assessing the specific behavioral and social phenomena within a firm that provide an advantage. Using a familiness model for assessing competitive advantage overcomes many of the problems associated with the generic claim that family companies have an advantage over nonfamily companies. It also provides a unified systems perspective of family firm performance.
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Powers, Thomas L., and William Hahn. "Critical competitive methods, generic strategies, and firm performance." International Journal of Bank Marketing 22, no. 1 (January 2004): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320410514924.
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HEMPHILL, THOMAS A. "FIRM PATENT STRATEGIES IN US TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Innovation Management 11, no. 04 (December 2007): 469–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001837.
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The focus of this article is on exploring the business competitive consequences of firm patent strategies in the United States de jure technology standard development processes. An analytic framework ("Firm Patent Strategies Matrix") is created which formally identifies a set of firm patent strategies applicable in the de jure technology standard development process. This Firm Patent Strategies Matrix is predicated on two key variables relevant to the standard development process: first, firms are either active participants in standard-setting committees, or they are non-participants, and second, firms are either disclosing appropriate information on potentially relevant patented technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), or they are not disclosing such potentially relevant patented information on technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), in the standard development process. The Firm Patent Strategies Matrix identifies the following four generic strategic choices for a technology-driven firm to choose among concerning the disposition of its patents: (1) Disclosure/Participation, (2) Disclosure/Non-Participation, (3) Non-Disclosure/Participation, and (4) Non-Disclosure/Non-Participation. Public policy issues, relevant to these Firm Patent Strategies, are identified (e.g., RAND licencing terms, patent ambush and submarine patents) and recommended policy solutions are offered (e.g., instituting Ex Ante royalty discussions, vigorous federal antitrust enforcement against patent ambush and the wider use of firm patent liability insurance, respectively).
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Dülger, M., G. Alpay, C. Yılmaz, and M. Bodur. "How do learning orientation and strategy yield innovativeness and superior firm performance?" South African Journal of Business Management 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v45i2.123.
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This paper attempts to shed light on the role of learning orientations of firms and their adoption of Porter’s generic strategies on four dependent variables: Behavioral innovativeness, product innovativeness, technological innovativeness and, ultimately, firm performance. Hierarchical regressions were run with data from a random sample of 121 firms operating in Turkey. Findings indicate that internally-focused learning, market-focused learning and differentiation strategy have significant effects on the three innovativeness dimensions. When firm performance is included as the eventual outcome variable into the analysis, internally-focused learning, focus strategy and product innovativeness emerge as its main predictors. In fast-paced, highly unpredictable market environments, managers can make use of these findings to their benefit in terms of elevating their firms’ innovativeness and performance levels.
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Yu, Yu, and Yi Zhao. "The effect of Affordable Care Act on the competition in the post-patent ethical drug market." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 8, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 314–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-12-2013-0066.
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Purpose – This paper aims to study the post-patent ethical drug market and simulate the impact of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on individuals, health-care providers and pharmaceutical firms. US policymakers have been looking at various ways to curb rising health-care costs in USA, including ways to promote the use of generic drugs in lieu of brand drugs. In this broader context, the implementation of ACA in December 2013 will introduce major changes in the pharmaceutical market. Design/methodology/approach – To fully understand the impact of such policy changes, we develop a structural model to study consumers’ buying behavior and firm competition in the post-patent ethical drug markets. We use the estimated model parameters to conduct four policy simulations to illustrate the effect of Obamacare on increasing the relative size of price-insensitive segment, reducing price sensitivity in the price-sensitive segment, providing brand price discount to Medicare patients previously in the “donut hole” and the effect of change in people’s attitude toward generics. Findings – Our model estimation reveals two classes of consumers with different price sensitivities. This heterogeneity explains the increase in the brand price after generic entry. We identify consumers’ switching costs between generic and brand drugs, as well as among different generics. From the policy simulation, we find that except the closure of Medicare donut hole, all other policy changes lead to increased usage of the focal molecule, and the efforts to increase insurance coverage and reduce the out of pocket payment for prescription drugs lead to increase in firm profit. Originality/value – This paper is the first to illustrate the potential policy effect of Obamacare through a structural model on post-patent ethical drug market.
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Testa, Giuseppina, Katarzyna Szkuta, and Paul N. Cunningham. "Improving access to finance for young innovative enterprises with growth potential: Evidence of impact of R&D grant schemes on firms' outputs." Research Evaluation 28, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvz016.
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Abstract Responding to the lack of in-depth research into the effects of R&D grants for scale-ups, this article examines how they impact upon firms' employment, firm economic and innovative performance, and firm innovative activities. Drawing on both policy evaluations and empirical literature relating to R&D programmes and firms' outputs, it contributes by discussing and comparing different types of R&D programmes and analyzing the wider policy implications. Overall, positive outcomes are found on employment, total sales and share of innovative sales (effects which can persist for several years), and companies' innovation capacities. Moreover, the effects for R&D grants for scale-ups are larger than the effects of both generic R&D grants and R&D subsidies. In terms of policy implications, R&D grants stimulate and prepare companies for growth and targeted funding (technology focused) delivers better results for disruptive innovations, whereas generic grants for small and medium-sized enterprises are better suited for knowledge diffusion. Despite the positive effects of milestone-based selection mechanisms and phased funding, they are still under-used. Competitive R&D grants help companies to attract follow up (especially equity) funding. When coupled with complementary services (e.g. networking, advice), there is a longer lasting effect. Lastly, tax incentives and grants are complementary as regards to their impact on firm growth and innovation activities.
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Nazim, Mian Daud, Saima Batool, and Saima Urooge. "Marketing Strategies of SMEs and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pharmaceutical Sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).20.
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The study finds the effects of marketing strategies on the SME performance. Further, it explores the marketing strategies adopted by the pharmaceutical companies in various industrial sectors of KP. The Industrial Estate Hayatabad, Industrial Estate Hattar and Industrial Estate Gadoon were taken as sample areas for the selection of firms. Data was collected from 300 pharmaceutical firms in these Industrial Estates. Closedended questionnaire was used to collect data. The segmentation strategy, differentiation strategy, cost leadership strategy i.e. porter generic strategies were analyzed. The study used the correlation and regression model. Results reveal the cost leadership, differentiation strategy, segmentation have positive relationship with the firm performance. The findings also show that the cost leadership and differentiation strategy have significant effect while the segmentation strategy has insignificant effect on the performance of a firm.
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Bhattarai, Dhundi Raj. "Generic Strategy and Bankruptcy Risk of Nepalese Enterprises." International Research Journal of Management Science 3 (December 1, 2018): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irjms.v3i0.28034.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between firm strategy and bankruptcy risk. The research design consists of descriptive and causal-comparative research designs in order to deal with the various issues raised in this study. In addition, this paper uses the Altman-Z score which combines several measures of performance and risk to come up with a score that denotes the bankruptcy risk inherent in a firm. Secondary data has been used collected from annual audit report of concerned organization of manufacturing and hotel industries from fiscal year 2000/01 to 2014/15. Factor analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis are different statistical tools that have been used for this study. Further, cost leadership and differentiation strategies has been constructed from selling, general, and administrative expenses scaled by net sales; net sales scaled by cost of goods sold; net sales scaled by net book value of plant and equipment; and net sales scaled by net book value of plant and equipment variables through factor analysis. By regressing Altman-Z score against relevant control variables and proxies for differentiation and cost leadership strategies, this study has evaluated the relationship between bankruptcy risk and firm strategy. The analysis shows that the enterprises adopting higher selling, general and administrative expenses in association with higher gross profit margin have been pursuing differentiation strategy whereas higher investment on property, plant and equipment along with their existing value indicates that they have been following cost leadership strategy. Value of Nepalese enterprises pursuing cost leadership strategy has a positive effect on reducing bankruptcy risk while pursuing differentiation strategy has a negative effect on reducing bankruptcy risk.
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Oberholzer, Merwe. "Benchmarking CEO compensation: Developing a model for different business strategies." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 1 (2016): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i1p9.
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Porter’s generic business strategies of cost leadership and differentiation were adjusted to make them applicable to CEO compensation strategies. The cost leadership strategy equates to a firm that attempts to signal that their CEO is not over paid, not reaping off much of the profits, but is compensated according to best practices. The differentiation strategy relates to a firm that believes it is important to signal that their CEO is above average and therefore should earn an above average compensation. The purpose of the study was to develop a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with two stages. The first provides a best practice frontier to benchmark segments of CEO compensation against determiners thereof, including firm-, CEO- and governance characteristics. Firms with different strategies will then position themselves differently to the best practice frontier. Irrespective of the strategy chosen at the first stage, the second stage estimates how efficient firms are to convert the above-mentioned determiners into multiple performance measures. The contribution of the study is that employing such a model may change the philosophy of how firms look at CEO compensation, for example firms whose CEOs are at the bottom half are not necessarily below average or underpaid, but signal that their CEOs are compensated according to best practices.
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Aversa, Paolo, Andres Hervas-Drane, and Morgane Evenou. "Business Model Responses to Digital Piracy." California Management Review 61, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 30–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008125618818841.
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Digital piracy challenges firms by reducing revenues and shifting consumption habits. Recently, some firms have successfully leveraged business models against piracy, but the understanding about this phenomenon still lacks depth and structure. This study examines the characteristics of digital piracy in some of the most affected industries; presents comparative case studies of two iconic firms, Spotify and Netflix; and analyzes their digital business model responses. This article then considers a generic digital content distributor and explains how business model responses contribute to generating and capturing value. Theoretical and practical implications for technological innovation, firm diversification, and network competition are also discussed.
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Ghani, WaQar, Thani Jambulingam, and Rajneesh Sharma. "Pharmaceutical industry–physician interaction compliance guidelines: Analysis of contagion wealth effects on large generic firms." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 14, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134318756154.
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Background This study examines the contagion effect on shareholders’ wealth of large generic firms to the issuance of guidelines by the Office of Inspector General “to efficiently monitor adherence to applicable statutes, regulations and program requirements” of the branded pharmaceutical companies. These guidelines prod pharmaceutical manufacturers to employ internal controls and self-regulation while marketing to the physicians. Methods We use a standard event-study methodology to measure the effect on the value of nine large generic firms around four events including the final guidance issued by Office of Inspector General. Results The results show that there is a contagion effect with an overall loss in net wealth of large generic firms’ shareholders. The US government’s policy guidance necessitated pharmaceutical industry to reexamine and refine for the better, its marketing practices. The government achieved this change in pharmaceutical industry’s behaviour without actually introducing any regulation suggesting the efficacy of self-regulation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that there is a contagion effect of Office of Inspector General guidelines on generic drug industry due to facilitated self-regulation by branded pharmaceutical industry. Thus, the direct implication is that any regulatory event that is meant for one firm or a group of firms in the health sector could adversely impact peer firms in the same industry (pharmaceutical) or related industries such as biotechnology or generic industries. In other words, the study shows that government’s public policy initiatives that effect the value of the targeted firms could change not only the firms’/industry’s behavior but also let government achieve its objectives without contemplating additional regulations. This in turn, may accrue significant cost savings for the government in avoiding the regulation and its related measures. Our results also support an argument that a mechanism that combines industry self-regulation with government monitoring, lends the greatest opportunity for the overall welfare of the society.
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Fürst, Andreas, and Matthias Staritz. "Creating Superior Value in the Eyes of the Customer: An Analysis of the Two Generic Value Drivers and Value Paths." Marketing ZFP 44, no. 3 (2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2022-3-3.
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Despite the considerable body of work on customer value, the literature remains highly fragmented and thus surprisingly silent on two elementary questions: (1) whether a firm should focus more strongly on the product core (a product’s basic elements) or the product surrounding (a product’s additional elements) and (2) whether a firm should focus on the cognitive path (a product’s actual value) or the intuitive path (the signaling of efforts to create a product of high value). Given the large investments required for customer value creation and firms’ increased need for cost control, the answers to these questions are especially important, as they would help managers avoid misallocation of human and financial resources and would offer valuable insights into how communication and sales activities can best support a customer value strategy. On the basis of an integrative framework and a dyadic dataset, this paper finds that the answers to these questions depend significantly on the specific product context (the type of product, extent of product commoditization, and product involvement). For example, services firms may concentrate more strongly on the product core and should particularly focus on the intuitive path. By contrast, manufacturing firms should rely more heavily on the product surrounding and may focus almost equally on the cognitive path and the intuitive path.
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Zellweger, Thomas. "Time Horizon, Costs of Equity Capital, and Generic Investment Strategies of Firms." Family Business Review 20, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00080.x.
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Recent literature (McNulty, Yeh, Schulze, & Lubatkin, 2002) states that the assumptions behind the capital asset pricing model, in particular the irrelevance of time horizon, do not correspond to the characteristics of firms that prefer long-term investment horizons. I show that family firms display a longer time horizon than most of their nonfamily counterparts, since (1) family firms display a longer CEO tenure, (2) this type of firm strives for long-term independence and succession within the family, and (3) due to the fact that family firms are overrepresented on western European stock markets in cyclical industries in which business cycles inhibit short-term success. As the annual default risk of an investment diminishes with increasing holding period (Hull, 2003), the risk-equivalent cost of equity capital of firms with longer planning horizons (e.g., family firms) can be lower as well. Based on the assumption that economic value to shareholders is created when firms invest in projects with returns above the associated cost of capital (Copeland, Koller, & Murrin, 2000), I argue that long-term-oriented firms can tackle unique investment projects represented by two generic investment strategies—the perseverance and the outpacing strategy. The first one, the perseverance strategy, represents investment strategies in which long-term-oriented firms invest in lower return but equal risk projects than their more short-term-oriented counterparts. The second one, the outpacing strategy, comprises investment projects with higher risk and equal return than the short-term competitors.
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Vinekar, Vishnu, and James T. C. Teng. "The Resource-Based View of IT Business Value: Complementary Investments or Embedded Knowledge?" Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 11, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649212500050.
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This paper tests a primary postulate of the Resource-Based View (RBV) of Information Technology (IT) business value. From this perspective, IT is not rare but pervasive, and it is only the combination of investments with other resources that makes the investment inimitable. Therefore, the effect of IT on firm performance cannot be direct effects, but rather firm performance can only be affected when IT expenditures are combined with other investments. This study tests this theory using panel data of large firms spanning seven years. Firm-level data is gathered from Compustat and matched to Information Systems (IS) Budget data. The results do not support the RBV postulate that IT Expenditure cannot have direct competitive advantage but must be combined with expenditure on other assets to effect firm performance. Instead, the results support the opposing hypotheses: IT expenditure and capital expenditures have independent, direct effects on firm revenue as well as firm profit, even in the presence of the interaction variable. The results imply that IT investments may be a source of direct competitive advantage, unlike the postulate of the RBV theorists. This may be because an IT system has embedded knowledge and creates knowledge, making it rare and imperfectly imitable. Rather than investing in generic IT systems and trying to obtain uniqueness from investments in complementary resources, firms can try embedding firm-specific knowledge when designing or modifying their systems and using their systems to create knowledge. This is the first study to test the RBV postulate that value from IT comes only with the combination of IT investments and investments in other assets and not from direct effects. By disproving this postulate, this study opens the door to new hypotheses based on knowledge in and from IT systems.
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Mousavi, Atefeh, Mehdi Mohammadzadeh, and Hossein Zare. "A Clustering Approach to Identify the Organizational Life Cycle." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030108.
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This is an analytical, descriptive, and cross-sectional case study to identify a pharmaceutical company’s organizational life cycle (OLC) situation using clustering methods. Data came from Iran’s pharmaceutical firms in 2001–2018. We used sales growth, dividend per ratio, and performance indicators, including the return on assets, return on equity, Qtubin, and net profit of 342 firm-years to identify the OLC situation of pharmaceutical companies. We used principal component analysis and cluster analysis to define the company’s OLC situation. Results show that 41.39% of the firm-years was in the growth stage, 34.14% in the maturity stage, and 17.22% in the decline stage. There was no significant difference between the average age in the three pharmaceutical companies’ clusters. Study findings may guide policymakers towards more evidence-informed planning, and generic producers by providing more insights about their situation from an organizational life cycle perspective, giving them proper strategies to overcome accompanying challenges in pharmaceutical firms in Iran and countries with similar situations.
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Hagedoorn, John, and Jos Schakenraad. "Inter-firm partnerships for generic technologies—the case of new materials." Technovation 11, no. 7 (November 1991): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4972(91)90024-x.
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Greckhamer, Thomas, and Furkan Amil Gur. "A Set Theoretic Study of Generic Strategies and Firm Performance Differences." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 15849. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.15849abstract.
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D. Banker, Rajiv, Raj Mashruwala, and Arindam Tripathy. "Does a differentiation strategy lead to more sustainable financial performance than a cost leadership strategy?" Management Decision 52, no. 5 (June 10, 2014): 872–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2013-0282.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the strategic positioning of firms and the sustainability of firm performance. The paper argues that pursuing a differentiation strategy leads to more sustainable financial performance compared to following a cost leadership strategy. However, a differentiation strategy may also be associated with greater risk. Design/methodology/approach – To investigate the research questions, the authors utilize publicly available archival data consisting of 12,849 firm-year observations for the period 1989-2003. In the first stage of the analysis, factor analysis is used to determine firms’ strategic positioning. The resulting factor scores are subsequently used in regression analysis to investigate the sustainability of performance based on the strategic positioning of firms. Findings – The results indicate that both cost leadership and differentiation strategies have a positive impact on contemporaneous performance. However, the differentiation strategy allows a firm to sustain its current performance in the future to a greater extent than a cost leadership strategy. The differentiation strategy, though, is also associated with greater systematic risk and more unstable performance. Originality/value – Sustainability of performance refers to how much a firm's current profitability can be sustained in future periods. The main contribution of this study is the comparison of generic strategies based on the sustainability of firm performance. This aspect of the strategy-performance link has not been considered in prior work. Another contribution of the study is that it considers multiple dimensions of firm performance in order to evaluate the trade-offs involved with pursuing different strategies. In particular, the authors contribute to the literature by documenting that while differentiation leads to more sustainable earnings, it also leads to riskier and more unstable earnings.
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Johannisson, Bengt, Marcela Ramirez-Pasillas, and Gösta Karlsson. "Theoretical and Methodological Challenges Bridging Firm Strategies and Contextual Networking." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 3 (August 2002): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101299169.
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There is an increasing concern for, on the one hand, networked business strategies and, on the other, the competitiveness of localized small-firm clusters. This paper first reviews four different strategy frameworks — the resource-based organization, the industrial organization, the virtual organization and the industrial district — from a network perspective. Eleven generic dimensions of such strategic frameworks are generated and operationalized. Then graph analysis is used to map a small business community in which furniture manufacturing and retail make up the core industry sectors. Three centrally positioned firms in the local production networks are identified and interviewed face-to-face. The owner-managers were asked to map their enactment of business strategy according to the operationalized frameworks. The findings demonstrate that no single strategic framework can make the firms' strategic conduct intelligible. The use of advanced information technology ensures that all three firms align to features associated with virtual organizing. The balanced use of strategies is assumed to add to the competitiveness of firms and local business systems. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research and advice for practitioners.
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Boden, Rebecca, and Salima Yassia Paul. "Creditable behaviour? The intra-firm management of trade credit." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 11, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-08-2012-0032.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the reasons for the apparent failure of many UK firms to achieve the competitive advantages indicated in largely positivist literature through the management of their trade credit positions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilises data from a set of semi-structured interviews with trade credit managers in firms and is the first substantial qualitative study of the intra-firm aspects of trade credit management in the UK. Through this approach, we explore the reasons why the theoretical promise of trade credit may or may not be realised. Findings – The principal findings relate to the importance of three organisational attributes (skills/awareness, communication and structural position of the activity in the firm). That is, trade credit management should be regarded as a relational activity and not merely a narrow technical function. The paper finds that there is no generic formulation of these attributes that can deliver on the promise of trade credit identified in the extant literature. Rather, individual firms must adapt themselves to suit their circumstances. Practical implications – This paper will be of interest to and is relevant for companies, accounting professionals and policymakers. Trade credit represents a significant area of commercial risk, and the problems experienced with its effective management have previously proved somewhat intractable. Originality/value – This paper reports on the first substantial piece of UK work to look at the actualities of how trade credit is managed within firms and what the implications of this are.
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Karyani, Etikah, and Hilda R. Rossieta. "GENERIC STRATEGIES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE PERSISTENCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR IN INDONESIA." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v17i1.672.
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This study investigates the relationship between the bank strategic positioning and performance. A central question in the management literature has been to identify the sources of competitive advantage that allow firms to attain and persistent superior performance over their competitors. Bank can build competitive advantages by following either a cost leadership or a differentiation strategy. Bank adopting a cost leadership strategy principally attain advantages based on operational efficiency, and hence the performance of such firms should more persist over time than other bank adopting differentiation strategy. This study documents an empirical investigation of this premise using a sample of 216 firm-years over the period 2009-2013. This study details the development of constructs using audited financial-level archival data to capture a bank's strategic positioning. These constructs are then used in empirical models that explore the persistence of bank performance. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results of these models estimation indicate that although both cost leadership and differentiation strategies have a positive effect on contemporaneous performance, only the efficiency strategy allows a bank to achieve and maintain superior performance in the future.
Keywords: Generic strategy, efficiency, differentiation, persistence
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Haffajee, Rebecca L., and Richard G. Frank. "Generic Drug Policy and Suboxone to Treat Opioid Use Disorder." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, S4 (2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519898042.
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Despite some improvements in access to evidence-based medications for opioid use disorder, treatment rates remain low at under a quarter of those with need. High costs for brand name products in these medication markets have limited the volume of drugs purchased, particularly through public health insurance and grant programs. Brand firm anti-competitive practices around the leading buprenorphine product Suboxone — including product hops, citizen petitions and Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy abuses — helped to maintain high prices by extending brand exclusivity periods and hindering generic drug entry. Remedies to address costly anti-competitive activities include adoption of the proposed CREATES Act and modernization of the Hatch-Waxman Act by the Congress, and implementation of substantive modifications to the Food and Drug Administration citizen petition filing procedures. Given the persistence of these abuses, prescriptive changes are favorable to the procedural and clarifying steps thus far favored by the federal government. Extrapolating from the 37% price declines attributable to generic entry for buprenorphine tablets in 2011, our calculations suggest that implementing these remedies to facilitate generic competition with Suboxone film would have resulted in savings of approximately $703 million overall and $203 million to Medicaid in 2017.
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Silberzahn, Philippe, and Christophe Midler. "Creating products in the absence of markets: a robust design approach." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 19, no. 3 (March 14, 2008): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410380810853812.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how firms deal with a situation of true uncertainty about their potential markets and technologies. Specifically, it asks how firms can create products when the corresponding market does not exist.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a longitudinal study of a high‐tech firm, combined with analysis of existing theory in product design and entrepreneurship.FindingsMarkets and products are usually a defining choice made early on by firms in their strategic process. Such a choice guides their development by providing a “stable concept” to which decisions can be related. When markets do not exist yet, however, this approach is not effective. Early choice of products and markets limits firms' flexibility by constraining their ability and willingness to adapt, while fundamental new technical and market information is likely to emerge during the project that will prove the initial assumptions wrong. The paper shows an alternative approach where products and markets actually result from a generic process of products and markets exploration driven by the firm. It is suggested that this approach forms a robust design in that it allows the firm to deal with the uncertainty by simultaneously developing its products and exploring markets, while preserving the flexibility to adapt to the changing environment.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this paper is to suggest an alternative approach to deliberate planning in high‐tech ventures. With this approach, rather than markets and products, strategy defines a market and technology exploration process.Originality/valueThe paper is original in three ways. It links the product design and market exploration processes in high‐tech firm development; it is based on an in‐depth longitudinal study; and it results from an academic‐practitioner collaborative work.
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Hu, Yuanyuan, Shouming Chen, Fangjun Qiu, Peien Chen, and Shaoxiong Chen. "Will the Volume-Based Procurement Policy Promote Pharmaceutical Firms’ R&D Investment in China? An Event Study Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 12037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212037.
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Innovation is the key to the development of the pharmaceutical industry. The pilot program of China’s “4 + 7” volume-based procurement policy (“4 + 7” procurement policy) brings the drug price back to a reasonable level through trading procurement quantities for lower drug prices. The policy manages to reduce the burden of the health care system, improve efficiency, and push the pharmaceutical industry to transform and update from the era of high gross profit of generic drugs to innovative drugs. So far, few studies have investigated the influence of the volume-based procurement policy on the innovation of pharmaceutical firms. By combining the event study and Difference-in-Difference (DiD) methodology, this study finds that the abnormal return (AR) of firms with high R&D intensity is lower than that of firms with low R&D intensity during the event window period. Moreover, further analysis identifies the moderating effect of firm size and firm type. Specifically, the results show that the negative influence of high R&D intensity on abnormal return (AR) during the announcement of the “4 + 7” procurement policy is stronger in large firms and innovative pharmaceutical firms. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our study.
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Won, Jayoun, and Sang-Lyul Ryu. "The Impact of Generic Strategy and Firm Life Cycle on Operational Efficiency." International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2016.9.5.05.
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Kabure, Louisa, and Mary Ragui. "Porter’s Generic Strategies and Performance of Selected Automotive Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya." International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v2i2.117.
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Every firm operating in a dynamic and competitive environment must employ competitive strategies in order to enhance performance and remain relevant to the market. The automotive industry in Kenya has experienced shifts within the last couple of years that have disadvantaged automotive firms’ sales and this despite adequate capacity to supply local demand. Consequently, a persistent decline in volume sales has negatively impacted performance of these firms in overall, reducing competition to price wars that are not a viable option in the long run. This study therefore, sought to investigate the effect of Porter’s generic strategies on performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of cost leadership strategy on the performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi county, Kenya, to investigate the effect of differentiation strategy on the performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi county, Kenya and to establish the effect of focus strategy on the performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi county, Kenya. The scope entailed a study of selected new vehicle firms in the automotive industry in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories that included the market based view, the resource based view of the firm and Porter’s diamond theory of national advantage. Descriptive research design was adopted. The study used simple random sampling to attain the sample size and data was collected through drop and pick method using semi structured questionnaires. To ensure reliability in the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient was used where a level of above 0.7 confirmed internal consistency. Pilot testing was done on ten respondents and Pearson’s product correlation coefficient was used to check for correlation between the study variables. A multivariate regression model was used to determine the relative importance of each variable to the study. Data collected was presented in graphs, tables and charts and a conclusion of the study drawn. The study revealed that cost leadership was significant in influencing the organizations’ performance. The study also revealed that differentiation affected their organizations’ performance to a great extent. The study also revealed that the focus strategy improved the sales growth in the firms thereby resulting to overall organization performance. The study concluded that cost leadership was significant in influencing the organizations’ performance. The study also concluded that differentiation affected their organizations’ performance to a great extent. The study also concluded that the focus strategy improved the sales growth in the firms thereby resulting to overall organization performance. The study recommended that the government and other policy makers come up with policies and regulations meant to foster innovation in the automotive industry. Policies should also be put in place meant for the creation of an enabling environment for fair and market driven competition to take place. The study recommended that the management of the automotive firms should often review their pricing structures and be geared towards minimizing their operational costs so as to offer cost friendly vehicles to the clients. The study also recommended that the firms’ management ensure they develop quality vehicles and embrace differentiation strategy so as to remain competitive in the market. The study also recommended that the management fully adopt the focus strategy to help in improving the sales growth in the firms thereby resulting to overall organization performance as well as improving on the product innovation which would lead to improved market share.
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Alam, Nafis, and Amit Gupta. "Does hedging enhance firm value in good and bad times." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 26, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-03-2017-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine if the hedging strategy of the firm adds value to the firm, and if so, is the source of the benefit consistent with the hedging theory? Design/methodology/approach The paper used data from 129 top non-financial Indian companies spanning a period of 2008-2015 and analyzed using the ordinary least squares regression technique. Findings The study finds that firms engaged in hedging compared to non-hedgers have less volatility in the firm’s value. The use of hedging during the financial crisis is found to be value enhancing for the hedgers. The results also found that some firms do not disclose the notional value of derivatives clearly, which highlights the need of clear regulation for derivative declaration in the annual reports. Research limitations/implications Research implications of this study are to gain an insight into the hedging effectiveness in the highly volatile Indian market as compared to developed countries. High volatility in the exchange rate of Indian rupee further makes it one of the most relevant markets to study the effect of hedging on the firm’s value. Practical implications Mostly hedging is done purely for risk management, and if managers try to time the market by selective hedging, it can bring a negative impact for the firm. Findings show that managers should manage their hedging strategy based on changing the economic environment and not purely on the firms’ financial value. Originality/value To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study to extract the dollar value of derivative usage of sample firms and analyze its effectiveness in enhancing firm value in the presence of other financial parameters. This will be an advancement of previous studies, which used hedging as a dummy variable only. Most studies on this topic are carried out in developed countries; there is a limited research on developing markets such as India, and past studies have been more generic one like determinants of hedging and overall derivative scenario.
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Nga, Tran Thi Thanh, The Hoang Vy, and Khanh Duy Pham. "The Effect of Business Strategy on R&D Expenditure and Firm Performance – Evidence from Taiwan." Management Systems in Production Engineering 30, no. 1 (February 12, 2022): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2022-0011.
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Abstract This paper aims to investigate the effect of generic strategy on R&D spending and the impact of R&D spending on firms’ performance conditional on their strategic position. This empirical study uses accounting data of 597 listed Taiwanese firms in the manufacturing industry from 2013 to 2017. The data was obtained from Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database. The results indicate that firms that adopt a differentiation strategy have more R&D spending than companies with a cost leadership strategy. Furthermore, the authors find that R&D spending positively affects firms’ performance if they pursue a differentiation strategy. Meanwhile, the relationship between R&D spending and firm performance forms an inverted U-shape for those who adopt a cost leadership strategy. First, for firms adopting the differentiation strategy, the investment in R&D is critical because the more investment on R&D these firms spend, the better performance they will gain. Second, for firms with a cost-leadership strategy, R&D spending is also essential to improve efficiency. However, they should allocate the budgets wisely and reasonably, as controlling cost is the main focus of this strategy to keep their competitive advantages. This study examines the relationship between R&D spending, business strategy, and firm performance in Taiwan. Further, the study suggests that manufacturing firms in Taiwan allocate their resources wisely and efficiently according to their system.
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Liozu, Stephan, Andreas Hinterhuber, and Toni Somers. "Organizational design and pricing capabilities for superior firm performance." Management Decision 52, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2013-0279.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between organizational antecedents, pricing capabilities, and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative survey of 748 managers from mostly large companies globally. Findings – It was found that the following five key organizational resources (the 5 Cs) – center-led price management, organizational confidence, championing behaviors, organizational change capacity, and pricing capabilities – positively influence firm performance. Furthermore, it was found that center-led price management, organizational change capacity, and championing behaviors act as important antecedents to pricing capabilities and, except for the former, to organizational confidence. The authors also examine interaction and mediation effects. Originality/value – The results thus suggest that generic organizational factors – namely center-led price management – as well as highly idiosyncratic firm, specific capabilities – namely organizational confidence, championing behaviors by top management, organizational change capacity, and pricing capabilities – are key requirements to increase firm performance via pricing.
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Yousefi, Nazila, Gholamhossein Mehralian, Hamid Reza Rasekh, and Hossein Tayeba. "Pharmaceutical innovation and market share: evidence from a generic market." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-06-2015-0028.
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Purpose Pharmaceutical market value in Iran exceeded to more than US$4bn in 2013, indicating annually over 20 per cent growth. In the past decades, Iranian pharmaceutical industry was supported by government policies, namely, generic substitution, import limitation and local production support; however, the local pharmaceutical manufacturer’s market share in value has been decreased gradually. This study aims to provide historical data on Iran pharmaceutical market to show the importance of new product development to attain greater market share and tries to motivate the pharmaceutical industry located in developing countries to develop more innovative medicines. Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that investigates the Iranian pharmaceutical market by focusing on new products over a five-year period (2009-2014), and that was augmented by an expert panel to rank subjectively firms’ performance indicators to shed light on the importance of new product development to firms’ performance. Findings The expert panel results find out that new product development is one of the most important “result indicators” for Iranian pharmaceutical companies. Historically, in line with the experts’ opinion on the new product development, the Iranian pharmaceutical industry has shown its capability to develop new medicines by developing 3,095 new products (mostly new-to-firm) across about 100 firms. Despite this fact, the share of local manufacturers in new medicines’ market decreased from 52 per cent at the beginning of studied period to 24 per cent at the end, and the gap between the unit value of imported and domestically produced medicines has been significantly increased due to low-innovative medicines locally produced. Research limitations/implications This research was challenged with limitations such as lack of reliable published data on new medicines in the Iran pharmaceutical market. Practical implications This study highlights the fact that developing more innovative products in the generic pharmaceutical industry such as Iran can grant its market share. Originality/value This is an original study that shows the effect of innovative product development on market share through historical data.
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Viltard, Leandro Adolfo. "Strategic mistakes (AVOIDABLE) The topicality of Michel Porter’s generic strategies." Independent Journal of Management & Production 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v8i2.580.
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This article explores the topicality of Porter’s generic strategies, assessing about their applicability on two specific automotive industry projects: The Smart and the New Beetle. After performing a documentation analysis on these two projects, it was concluded that both of them may be considered avoidable strategic mistakes as they show the risks of higher differentiation that is not being paid by the customer, no matter how if it is about recognized brands or icon products. Hazards and risks, like big losses and negative margins, are applicable to every firm. This is a qualitative investigation with a not experimental and transversal research design.
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Apiolaza, Luis A., and Dorian J. Garrick. "Breeding objectives for three silvicultural regimes of radiata pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-200.
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A generic vertically integrated firm, comprising a production forest, a sawmill, and a pulp mill was modelled under three silvicultural regimes: direct to pulp, intermediate (includes production thinning), and intensive (includes production thinnings and pruning). The harvest age traits included in the breeding objective were total volume (m3/ha) and average wood density (kg/m3). Economic values for each trait were calculated as the difference in discounted profit for a unit marginal increase of volume or density, and expressed as relative weights to facilitate comparisons between the objectives. The methodology was applied to a Chilean case study using representative economic and production circumstances. The breeding objectives so derived were 1vol + 2.4den for pulp, 1vol + 1.1den for intermediate, and 1vol + 1.2den for the intensive regime, where vol and den are the breeding values for volume and density, respectively. The firm was profitable under all regimes. Genetic correlations between the objectives for each regime were higher than 0.9, indicating that a single breeding strategy with objective 1vol + 1.5den could be adopted, with almost no loss of genetic gain relative to selecting for a particular silvicultural regime.
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Montoya, Miguel A., and Mauricio Cervantes. "The Role of Regulation in the Development and Internationalization of Social Firms." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 7047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127047.
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We seek to understand the drivers of the internationalization of emerging-market social firms. To accomplish this, we conducted a case study analysis of the Mexican multinational Farmacias Similares. The firm created a chain of pharmacies that sold generic medicines to poor consumers and included a low-cost doctor next to the pharmacy to address the lack of widespread medical insurance. It then became a multinational by expanding in Latin America. The analysis of the case reveals three insights. First, innovations addressing development challenges can be separated into two types, social and frugal, depending on whether they solve public-good or low-income problems. Second, changes in industry regulation facilitate the development of social firms and sustainable development within the country. Third, differences in regulations across countries constrain the internationalization of social innovations more than frugal innovations of emerging-market social firms.
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Musyoka, Margret, Robert Asara, and Charles Ombuki. "Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies, Alliance Partnerships and Firm Performance of Mobile Telephone Network Service Providers in Kenya." European Journal of Business and Strategic Management 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ejbsm.1681.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate on focus strategy, partnership alliances and firm performance of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya.
Methodology: The study used positivism research philosophy and descriptive research design methodology. The target population was all the 66 mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya. Primary data was gathered through use of structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression modeling was used to aid in data analysis.
Findings: Descriptive analysis portrayed that the 61 mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya registered had increased returns with a composite score of 3.84. Hierarchical regression results portrayed that partnership alliances moderated the relationship between focus strategy and performance of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya as far as Equity Alliance component is concerned with (p value of .04) which is less than the critical value (.05). Franchises, Diagonal alliances, Focus Strategy, Vertical alliances, Joint Ventures, Equity alliances, and Horizontal alliances had no statistically significant moderating effect.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Generally, firms should consider partnership alliances as a conditional factor in the relationship between focus strategy and firm performance other than treating it as a pure predictor. Further, the management of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya should consider the extent to which individual components of partnership alliances moderate Porters’ competitive strategies to performance linkage. On the other hand, the current study is possibly the first of its kind in making distinct involvement of strategic management knowledge frontiers. This was achieved through harmonizing and endorsing the hypotheses of the three theories that while Porter’s generic differentiation strategy significantly influence performance of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya, the moderating effect of alliance partnerships gives a more comprehensive explanation to management as to why many such firms prefer the alliance partnerships instead of an apparent increase in profitability caused by the porter’s strategic moves. That is, the Resource Based View Theory, syncretic paradigm theory and transaction cost theory have received an empirical support through this study for the theories are relevant to strategic decisions other than the Porters ones which affects the overall business objectives. Therefore, the three theories are significant to the current study since they alert managers to contrast in-house transaction costs with outdoor costs before choosing to execute inside or without.
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YILMAZ, Fatma, and İlknur KUMKALE. "THE EFFECTS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE OF GENERIC STRATEGIES, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND INFORMAL RELATIONSHIPS." International Refereed Journal of Research on Economics Management, no. 15 (2018): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17373/uheyad.2018.1.4.
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Leitner, Karl-Heinz, and Stefan Güldenberg. "Generic strategies and firm performance in SMEs: a longitudinal study of Austrian SMEs." Small Business Economics 35, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9239-x.
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Bryant, Lisa, Denise A. Jones, and Sally K. Widener. "Managing Value Creation within the Firm: An Examination of Multiple Performance Measures." Journal of Management Accounting Research 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2004.16.1.107.
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There has been an emphasis in recent years on understanding how value is created within the firm. To understand what drives value, managers must have in place performance measurement systems designed to capture information on all aspects of the business, not just the financial results. Many firms are implementing a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) performance measurement system that tracks measures across four hierarchical perspectives: learning and growth, internal business processes, customer, and financial perspectives. Although BSCs should ideally be tailored to each firm's unique strategy, evidence shows that managers tend to rely on generic measures, particularly as measures of the outcome of each perspective. We use cross-sectional data on seven archival measures from 125 firms over a five-year period to proxy for typical outcome measures of the four BSC perspectives. We find that a model that allows each outcome measure to be associated with outcome measures in all higherlevel BSC perspectives captures the value-creation process better than a relatively simple model that allows each measure to be a driver of only the next perspective in the BSC hierarchy. We also find differences in the relations among performance measures when firms implement a performance measurement system that contains both financial and nonfinancial measures versus one that relies solely on financial measures.
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Colli, Andrea, Paloma Fernández Pérez, and Mary B. Rose. "National Determinants of Family Firm Development? Family Firms in Britain, Spain, and Italy in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries." Enterprise & Society 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 28–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700012441.
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We provide here a complement to recent work on family business, which has demonstrated the need to go beyond the generic definition of the family firm to place personal capitalism in an appropriate institutional, historical, and cultural framework. By focusing on the nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century experiences in Britain, Spain, and Italy, we challenge the notion that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there was anything so simple as a Mediterranean model for family business. Rather, we demonstrate the need to consider family businesses in national and regional contexts if we are to understand their various capabilities and characteristics. We use similarities and differences in the experiences and responses of families and firms in the three countries to support this claim.
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Fink, Lior, and Sarit Markovich. "Generic Verticalization Strategies in Enterprise System Markets: An Exploratory Framework." Journal of Information Technology 23, no. 4 (December 2008): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2008.14.
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In recent years, enterprise system (ES) software markets have been very dynamic. While contemporary customers are increasingly seeking ES solutions that require less and less customization and implementation effort, it is unclear whether all ES providers should take the ‘vertical’ path of offering functionality tailored to specific industries. Given the lack of conceptualization that explores ES markets’ segmentation, this paper offers a typology of generic verticalization strategies. Building on the resource-based view of the firm and the dynamic capabilities perspective, we match ES providers’ organizational characteristics of size and scope with the most effective verticalization strategy. A dynamic dimension is introduced to this framework by analyzing recommended strategies for market entry and growth. Finally, the applicability of the exploratory framework is illustrated using examples from the customer relationship management (CRM) software market.
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Dyer, O. "Generic drug firm settles claim that it was paid to stay out of market." BMJ 350, apr28 23 (April 28, 2015): h2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2282.
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Kaya, Nihat. "Corporate Entrepreneurship, Generic Competitive Strategies, and Firm Performance in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 207 (October 2015): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.136.
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Mungai, Esther, and Madara Ogot. "Generic Strategies and Firm Performance: An Investigation of Informal Sector Micro-Enterprises in Kenya." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n3p148.
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Micro-enterprises (MEs) have been shown to collectively be the largest employer in most developing countries thus playing a significant role in the countries economies. Using informal sector micro-enterprise furniture makers (wood and metal) in Nairobi, Kenya and based on Porter's competitive business strategies typology, this study sought to determine if the strategies employed by the informal sector MEs fit within the typology framework, and if membership within the strategic groups in the typology are a predictor of better business business performance. From the study, although membership within the two focus strategic groups of differentiation and low cost was confirmed, unlike studies done with medium and large enterprises, membership was not found to be a predictor of better business performance. Porter's typology may therefore not adequately capture the competitive business activities relevant to and directly by MEs, presenting an opportunity for research into the development of competitive business strategy typologies directly derived from their activities and therefore applicable to them.
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WYATT, ANNE. "ACCOUNTING FOR INTANGIBLES: THE GREAT DIVIDE BETWEEN OBSCURITY IN INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AND THE BALANCE SHEET." Singapore Economic Review 46, no. 01 (April 2001): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590801000243.
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This paper analyses descriptive data from a discretionary accounting setting and several generic properties of innovation activities to explain why intangible assets are grossly under-recognized in company balance sheets. Existing literature and publicly available data indicates the increasing significance of intangible investment in the growth and development of firms and the stock of knowledge. However, a systematic framework to reliably quantify the stock of intangible assets remains elusive. This paper contributes to the debate surrounding recognition of intangible assets by demonstrating how economic attributes of intangible assets arise from generic features of innovation activities, and identifying the nature of the mis-match between accounting principles and the economic attributes of intangible assets which serves to reduce the relevance of accounting information. It is argued that accounting has become inwardly focused on the internal consistency of accounting relative to an outdated set of principles. Before an accounting asset can be recognized financial reporting systems typically require a 'cost' verifiable from a past transaction which the firm can directly link to expected future revenues. This narrow accounting approach is inconsistent with the properties of intangible investments in the knowledge-based economy.
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Daghouri, Ansar, and Khalifa Mansouri. "Integrated framework studying contribution of information system to firm performance." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp375-385.
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The main purpose of this paper is to study the correlation between information system (IS) success and firm performance based on two evaluation models already construct. The first model allowed to define the criteria and sub-criteria for evaluating the firm performance and the second model consisted of evaluating the IS success. Our contribution is to formalize a decision-making process based on the criteria of the two models as well as the weights generated by the implementation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to construct the influence diagrams that will allow us to trace the causal links between the two models. This approach has been implemented in three sectors chosen according to their use of information systems. The results obtained confirmed that the evaluation models are sectorial and therefore even the influence diagrams, hence the difficulty of studying the contribution of the IS success in achieving the firm performance with a general and generic approach.
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Sherman, Herbert. "TAPESTRY: A Strategic Management Case Study." International Journal of Business & Management Studies 03, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v3n11a7.
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This is a secondary source case that describes in detail the firm Tapestry, the first New York-based house of modern luxury lifestyle brands with a portfolio including Coach New York, Stuart Weitzman, and Kate Spade New York. Each brand has its own unique character and personality yet operates independently while maintaining a collective commitment towards authenticity, inclusivity, and approachability. The multinational company’s creative and consumer-driven view of luxury is characterized by its innovative products and differentiated customer experience across value chain channels. The case opens with an introduction to the firm, including its three main strategic business units (SBU’s), and then discusses the firm’s vision/mission/objectives, the generic strategy of the firm and its SBU’s, its external environment (P.E.S.T. and industry analyses), its internal operations (V.R.I.O. framework and analysis), culminating in a S.W.O.T. breakdown. Results of the S.W.O.T. analysis include considerations of realigning the firm’s mission, strategy and structure with its external environment so as to leverage perceived opportunities using the firm’s distinctive competencies.
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Song, Ki Kyung, and Eunyoung Whang. "Pay inequality and job satisfaction of law firms: the role of strategic positioning." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 16, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-07-2019-0080.
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Purpose Using Porter’s (1980) generic strategy to define strategic positioning of law firms, this paper aims to explain why some law firms have more/less pay inequality than others do and examine the impact of pay inequality on law firms’ partners and the job satisfaction of their associates. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses data from The American Lawyer. The strategic positioning, compensation and job satisfaction scores of 614 firm-year observations of US law firms are hand-collected over the period from 2007 to 2016. Findings Non-equity partners at law firms with differentiation strategy (Porter, 1980) are more likely to build rainmaking ability than those at law firms relying on billable hours. As a result, law firms with differentiation strategy have a narrower pay gap between their equity and non-equity partners than those firms relying on billable hours. After controlling for the effects of strategy on pay inequality using two-stage and three-stage least squares models, this paper finds that a wider pay gap deprives associates of job satisfaction. Originality/value Considering strategic positioning, this paper validates why some law firms have more/less pay inequality and proves how pay inequality affects job satisfaction.