Relevant bibliographies by topics / Generic firm

Academic literature on the topic 'Generic firm'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Generic firm"

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Yohannes, Tecle H., and Aloys B. Ayako. "Top Management Team Demographic Diversities, Generic Strategy and Firm Performance in Marketing Social Research Association (MSRA) in Kenya." Applied Finance and Accounting 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v2i2.1586.

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This study investigated the relationship between Top Management Team (TMT) demographic diversities and firm performance using generic strategies as intervening variable in the Marketing and Social Research Association (MSRA) firms in Kenya. First, the relationship between TMT characteristics diversities and generic strategy was analyzed. Second, the link between generic strategy and firm performance was estimated. Mixed methods research design was used to critically investigate the relationship between the latent exogenous and endogenous variables of this study. The mixed research design used in this study was triangulation design, which was mainly transformation design model. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling analysis, using IBM SPSS AMOS version 21. The study found out that the homogenous demographic diversities among the top management team members had statistically significant effect on cost leadership strategy (p = 0.012). Besides, cost leadership strategy showed a statistically significant positive relationship on firm performance (p = 0.005). The findings of this study implied that organizations need to know and develop the best composition of top management team based on their demographic diversities in relation to the environment. Besides, the organizations need to empower the TMT members using monetary and nonmonetary incentives to further improve performance. Last but not least, the compositions of TMT in marketing research firms need to embrace gender diversity.
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Apel, Brian. "An Administrative Meter Maid: Using Inter Partes Review and Post-Grant Review to Curb Exclusivity Parking via the "Failure to Market" Provision of the Hatch-Waxman Act." Michigan Law Review, no. 114 (2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.114.1.administrative.

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Congress created the unique Hatch-Waxman framework in 1984 to increase the availability of low-cost generic drugs while preserving patent incentives for new drug development. The Hatch-Waxman Act rewards generic drug companies that successfully challenge a pharmaceutical patent: 180 days of market exclusivity before any other generic firm can enter the market. When a generic firm obtains this reward, sometimes drug developers agree to pay generic firms to delay entering the market. These pay-for-delay agreements give rise to exclusivity parking and run counter to congressional intent by delaying full generic drug competition. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act created several statutory forfeiture provisions that proved only marginally effective at curbing the practice of exclusivity parking. More recently, Congress created new quasi-judicial administrative proceedings that effectively replace certain kinds of district court patent litigation. This Note describes the complex statutory scheme that gave rise to exclusivity parking, explains why previous and current attempts to curtail exclusivity parking were and remain ineffective, and suggests amending the “failure to market” provision to include these new administrative proceedings as a way to help curb exclusivity parking.
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Furrer, Olivier, D. Sudharshan, Howard Thomas, and Maria Tereza Alexandre. "Resource configurations, generic strategies, and firm performance." Journal of Strategy and Management 1, no. 1 (August 22, 2008): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554250810909400.

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Bhandari, Shyam, and Anna J. Johnson-Syder. "A Generic Model Of Predicting Probability Of Success-Distress Of An Organization: A Logistic Regression Analysis." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 34, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10107.

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Many bankruptcy prediction models have been created over the years using a mix of variables derived mostly from accrual-based accounting statements and were industry specific. The primary issue with using a model comprised of accrual-based variables is that firm management can manipulate different components and make the balance sheet and income statement misleading (Wanuga 2006). Thus, firms appear financially healthy yet unable to meet the day-to-day cash flow needs of the firm; these financial issues are less likely to be hidden in the cash flow statement (Sharma 2001). In this study, we use a binary regression model with theoretically supported variables obtained from the cash flow statement to forecast firm success versus distress. Of particular interest, we examine firms representing 85 industries using firm data during and immediately following the greatest recession in United States history (Fieldhouse 2014; Lee 2014). The model is generic in the sense that it can be used to predict the probability of success-distress of any entity using the three major financial statements. We find that the overall model correctly classifies organizations 90.290 percent of the time.
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Habbershon, Timothy G., and Mary L. Williams. "A Resource-Based Framework for Assessing the Strategic Advantages of Family Firms." Family Business Review 12, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00001.x.

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The Resource-Based View (RBV) of competitive advantage provides a theoretical framework from the field of strategic management for assessing the competitive advantages of family firms. The RBV isolates idiosyncratic resources that are complex, intangible, and dynamic within a particular firm. The bundle of resources that are distinctive to a firm as a result of family involvement are identified as the “familiness” of the firm. This approach provides a research and practice method for assessing the specific behavioral and social phenomena within a firm that provide an advantage. Using a familiness model for assessing competitive advantage overcomes many of the problems associated with the generic claim that family companies have an advantage over nonfamily companies. It also provides a unified systems perspective of family firm performance.
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Powers, Thomas L., and William Hahn. "Critical competitive methods, generic strategies, and firm performance." International Journal of Bank Marketing 22, no. 1 (January 2004): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320410514924.

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HEMPHILL, THOMAS A. "FIRM PATENT STRATEGIES IN US TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Innovation Management 11, no. 04 (December 2007): 469–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001837.

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The focus of this article is on exploring the business competitive consequences of firm patent strategies in the United States de jure technology standard development processes. An analytic framework ("Firm Patent Strategies Matrix") is created which formally identifies a set of firm patent strategies applicable in the de jure technology standard development process. This Firm Patent Strategies Matrix is predicated on two key variables relevant to the standard development process: first, firms are either active participants in standard-setting committees, or they are non-participants, and second, firms are either disclosing appropriate information on potentially relevant patented technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), or they are not disclosing such potentially relevant patented information on technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), in the standard development process. The Firm Patent Strategies Matrix identifies the following four generic strategic choices for a technology-driven firm to choose among concerning the disposition of its patents: (1) Disclosure/Participation, (2) Disclosure/Non-Participation, (3) Non-Disclosure/Participation, and (4) Non-Disclosure/Non-Participation. Public policy issues, relevant to these Firm Patent Strategies, are identified (e.g., RAND licencing terms, patent ambush and submarine patents) and recommended policy solutions are offered (e.g., instituting Ex Ante royalty discussions, vigorous federal antitrust enforcement against patent ambush and the wider use of firm patent liability insurance, respectively).
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Dülger, M., G. Alpay, C. Yılmaz, and M. Bodur. "How do learning orientation and strategy yield innovativeness and superior firm performance?" South African Journal of Business Management 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v45i2.123.

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This paper attempts to shed light on the role of learning orientations of firms and their adoption of Porter’s generic strategies on four dependent variables: Behavioral innovativeness, product innovativeness, technological innovativeness and, ultimately, firm performance. Hierarchical regressions were run with data from a random sample of 121 firms operating in Turkey. Findings indicate that internally-focused learning, market-focused learning and differentiation strategy have significant effects on the three innovativeness dimensions. When firm performance is included as the eventual outcome variable into the analysis, internally-focused learning, focus strategy and product innovativeness emerge as its main predictors. In fast-paced, highly unpredictable market environments, managers can make use of these findings to their benefit in terms of elevating their firms’ innovativeness and performance levels.
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Yu, Yu, and Yi Zhao. "The effect of Affordable Care Act on the competition in the post-patent ethical drug market." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 8, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 314–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-12-2013-0066.

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Purpose – This paper aims to study the post-patent ethical drug market and simulate the impact of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on individuals, health-care providers and pharmaceutical firms. US policymakers have been looking at various ways to curb rising health-care costs in USA, including ways to promote the use of generic drugs in lieu of brand drugs. In this broader context, the implementation of ACA in December 2013 will introduce major changes in the pharmaceutical market. Design/methodology/approach – To fully understand the impact of such policy changes, we develop a structural model to study consumers’ buying behavior and firm competition in the post-patent ethical drug markets. We use the estimated model parameters to conduct four policy simulations to illustrate the effect of Obamacare on increasing the relative size of price-insensitive segment, reducing price sensitivity in the price-sensitive segment, providing brand price discount to Medicare patients previously in the “donut hole” and the effect of change in people’s attitude toward generics. Findings – Our model estimation reveals two classes of consumers with different price sensitivities. This heterogeneity explains the increase in the brand price after generic entry. We identify consumers’ switching costs between generic and brand drugs, as well as among different generics. From the policy simulation, we find that except the closure of Medicare donut hole, all other policy changes lead to increased usage of the focal molecule, and the efforts to increase insurance coverage and reduce the out of pocket payment for prescription drugs lead to increase in firm profit. Originality/value – This paper is the first to illustrate the potential policy effect of Obamacare through a structural model on post-patent ethical drug market.
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Testa, Giuseppina, Katarzyna Szkuta, and Paul N. Cunningham. "Improving access to finance for young innovative enterprises with growth potential: Evidence of impact of R&D grant schemes on firms' outputs." Research Evaluation 28, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvz016.

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Abstract Responding to the lack of in-depth research into the effects of R&D grants for scale-ups, this article examines how they impact upon firms' employment, firm economic and innovative performance, and firm innovative activities. Drawing on both policy evaluations and empirical literature relating to R&D programmes and firms' outputs, it contributes by discussing and comparing different types of R&D programmes and analyzing the wider policy implications. Overall, positive outcomes are found on employment, total sales and share of innovative sales (effects which can persist for several years), and companies' innovation capacities. Moreover, the effects for R&D grants for scale-ups are larger than the effects of both generic R&D grants and R&D subsidies. In terms of policy implications, R&D grants stimulate and prepare companies for growth and targeted funding (technology focused) delivers better results for disruptive innovations, whereas generic grants for small and medium-sized enterprises are better suited for knowledge diffusion. Despite the positive effects of milestone-based selection mechanisms and phased funding, they are still under-used. Competitive R&D grants help companies to attract follow up (especially equity) funding. When coupled with complementary services (e.g. networking, advice), there is a longer lasting effect. Lastly, tax incentives and grants are complementary as regards to their impact on firm growth and innovation activities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Generic firm"

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Hickman, Richard James. "Generic integrated framework for improving inter-firm relationships : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/38550/.

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Candy, Ryan David. "Resources, Strategy and Performancein the Smaller Firm." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3522.

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This study investigates the relationship between firm resources, positioning strategies and performance in the smaller firm. Porter’s generic strategies have been useful in describing how firms compete in the marketplace, and the resource based view has shown that resources can lead to a sustained competitive advantage. The strategic management field has begun to combine the two theories and examine the link between them. Small firms must make the best use of their relatively scarce resources. It is proposed that the relationship between resources and performance is contingent upon the positioning strategy the firm competes on, although there has only been limited supporting research to date. This research builds on work by Edelman et al. (2005) by examining the relationship between human, organisational and physical resources, and the strategies of quality/ customer service, innovation, and cost leadership in 447 retail, engineering, and professional service firms in New Zealand. Using Structural Equations Modelling this research finds that positioning strategies are the mechanism by which firms can leverage their resources into higher performance. This relationship can be modelled as mediated or moderated, with statistical analysis sensitive to model complexity. The firm’s environment influences this relationship with different resources required to support each position depending on the industry. Specifically human, organisational, and physical resources appear to be viable sources of competitive advantage when they are leveraged by a strategy of quality/ customer service, innovation or cost leadership when the industry environment is conducive to the resource – strategy combination.
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Trieloff, Werner Dieter. "The competitive environment and generic strategy of a family run auditing firm in Brazil : a case study / Werner Trieloff." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4592.

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With the global financial crisis coming to a long awaited, though slow, end and the Fifa Soccer World Cup in 2014 and the Summer Olympic Games in 2016 having been awarded to Brazil in 2009, 2010 holds many challenges and an ever–diversifying environment in which a Brazilian firm needs to formulate and implement a competitive strategy. Over the last couple of years, Brazil has been a focus point for investors seeking high growth; however, the complex business environment has been a thorn in many international and national firms' side. With this complex environment as the starting point and many new opportunities as the future focus, Brazilian firms need to find accurate and relevant information about their environment, the markets, their competitors and their clients in order to choose the best strategy for the achievement of the overall goal of any company - increasing the wealth of the shareholder. The overall objective of this study is thus to use corporate planning tools to evaluate the internal and external environment of BAF Ltda in order to ensure that the best strategy is chosen and adopted so as to make the most of the opportunities that the coming years will bring. The planning tools utilised in this study are the SWOT and PEST analysis. Both have formed part of the strategic planning process of many firms over the past century and have proved to be a key part in putting together the information needed from which to build a sustainable strategy. This study evaluates both of these planning tools and applies them to the chosen company for this case study. Following on the corporate appraisal of the PEST and SWOT techniques, generic strategies are evaluated and suggested based on the information gathered through the analyses.
Thesis (M.Com. (Management Accountancy))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Sum, Vichet. "THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND ITS INTEGRATION IN THE FIRM'S BUSINESS STRATEGIES ON THE FIRM'S COMPETITIVENESS." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967978701&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Chen, Cheng. "Essays on Firm Organization and International Trade." Thesis, Princeton University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3642068.

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This dissertation consists of three essays at the intersection of organizational economics and international trade. In the first essay, I investigate how the quality of management technology (MT) to monitor and incentivize employees affects aggregate economic outcomes. The key economic insight is that a common improvement in MT across all firms favors big firms, since these firms use management more intensively by adopting management hierarchies with more layers. This heterogeneous impact on firms with different numbers of layers creates a selection effect that the smallest firms exit the market, and the biggest firms expand. As a result, average firm size and aggregate productivity increase. In the second essay, I extend the baseline model developed in the first essay into the international context and investigate how an improvement in MT interacts with trade liberalization. Two theoretical results deserve particular attention. First, countries with better MT trade more with each other conditional on other factors. Second, a better MT amplifies the welfare gains from trade under certain conditions. Quantitative exercises show that an improvement in MT has quantitatively significant impacts on average firm size, aggregate productivity, and the welfare gains from trade. The final essay develops a general equilibrium model featuring an agency problem inside the firm (i.e., the separation of ownership and control) and points out a new channel through which trade liberalization leads to within-firm productivity gains. In the closed economy, managers working in the least productive firms exert effort higher than the second-best level to induce their owners to produce. After trade liberalization, a fraction of these managers is incentivized to exert more effort, since they still want to induce their owners to produce and continue to receive rents. Therefore, the least productive surviving firms whose ownership is separate from control receive productivity gains after trade liberalization.

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Kolasa, Artur. "Essays on Firm Behavior in Developing Countries." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610420.

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This dissertation studies firm behavior and adaptation of firms in developing countries using firm-level data. Chapter 2 analyses the impact of business group membership on a firm's economic performance when operating in a suboptimal legal environment. The specific null hypothesis is that Indian firms in business groups have advantages in contract intensive industries, especially in Indian states with poorly functioning legal institution. A 2002 national judicial reform is used as quasi-natural experiment as an identification strategy. Chapter 3 further explores Indian business groups by looking at how ownership structure affects TFP, including the impact of family or corporate ownership. These two chapters suggest that business groups can have important economic affects at the firm level. Chapter 4 uses a World Bank firm level survey in 57 developing countries to examine whether MNC presence affects various measures of innovative output. We find that industrial, labor, and input proximities have a positive and significant impact on the likelihood of innovation when interacted with FDI concentration.

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Pantea, Smaranda. "International technology transfer, firm productivity and employment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13968/.

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This dissertation contributes to the empirical literature on the effects of international technology transfer on firms' productivity and employment in developing and transition countries. It combines three empirical essays which provide evidence on how participation in international activities affects firms' productivity, how it interacts with firms' absorptive capacity and how it affects firms' demand for skilled labour in 26 transition countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. The first study investigates whether foreign ownership, supplying multinationals (MNEs) located in the same country, foreign direct investment (FDI) horizontal spillovers, exporting and importing are conduits of international technology transfer and their relative importance for firms in 26 transition economies in ECA region using Business Enterprise and Environment Performance Survey (BEEPS) 2002- 2005. It contributes to the literature by analyzing the impact of all main channels of international technology transfer simultaneously and by using a firm specific measure for supply linkages with MNEs, unlike previous studies that used industry level measures. The main results suggest that foreign ownership, supplying MNEs, exporting and importing are robustly associated with higher firm productivity and we cannot reject the hypothesis that these channels are equally important. The second study examines whether international technology transfer through foreign ownership, supplying MNEs, exporting and importing depends on firm and country absorptive capacity in 26 transition economies in ECA region using the BEEPS 2002 and 2005 waves. The main contributions of this paper are that it uses firm specific measures of access to foreign technology and measures of absorptive capacity (workforce education, personnel training and R&D activities) which are closely related to the concept of absorptive capacity and less prone to measurement errors than productivity gap measures used in previous studies. Our results suggest that access to foreign technology and absorptive capacity are associated with higher productivity, but, contrary to our hypothesis, there is no evidence of an interaction effect between absorptive capacity and access to foreign technology. The third study investigates how participation in international activities affects firms' demand for skilled labour and the ways in which firms respond to changes in demand for skilled labour in 26 transition economies in ECA during the period 2002-2005 using BEEPS 2002 and 2005 waves. It contributes to the literature by studying different ways in which firms respond to changes in the demand for skilled labour (hiring employees from outside the firm or training existing employees) and by studying whether there is a causal relationship between participation in international activities and demand for skilled labour. Our results suggest that firms engaged in international activities have a better educated labour force and are more likely to train their employees than domestic firms. However, this happens because firms with better skilled workforces and with formal training programmes select into participating in international activities, and not because these firms upgrade the skills of their workforces after starting to participate in international activities.
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Wood, Sarah. "Lost film found film." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48012/.

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In an age where the historical event is mediated increasingly through the still and moving image, new stress is placed on the archival image as surviving evidence of and performer of history. Lost Film Found Film asks what the scope is for re-intervention by artists who engage with the documentary archival. What is found in their reappropriation? What is lost in the remix? Through a discussion of key works by Jean-Luc Godard, Hito Steyerl, Harun Farocki, Jayce Salloum, Johan Grimonprez and Eyal Sivan, Lost Film Found Film offers a definition and a description of what I have called the Cinema of Aftermath. I define this as cinema that evolved in the aftermath of the Second World War, that deploys found footage film not only as a form of critique but also as a form of participation in wider historical and political events. I argue that the Cinema of Aftermath comments on politics and is also political. Central to its project is a questioning of the potency of the archival image in both its self-reflexive and wider cultural use. In three chapters, I explore how the Cinema of Aftermath recalibrates the meaning and renews the formal possibilities of the documentary, and analyse the performance of memory, truth and evidence by this aestheticisation of archival image.
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Vella, Kevin James. "Selection by consequences and the marketing firm." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74441/.

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The research operationalizes the Darwinian meta-principle Selection by Consequences to conduct an empirical investigation. The project originates from a concern to understand the distal reasons why many of the marketing practices adopted by Wall’s appear to have persisted relatively unchanged for several decades and to have consistently conferred advantage to allow this manufacturer to dominate the UK ice cream market since before WWII. Central to Selection by Consequences is the claim that socio-cultural practices evolve through a process similar to biological natural selection and analogous to operant conditioning. The aim of the research is to assess and evaluate the empirical validity of this latter claim. A review of the literature suggests three pressing obstacles immediately barring the project, namely, relative incompleteness of the natural selection-operant conditioning analogy, methodological issues when applying operant principles (uncovered scientifically within experimental laboratories) to frame corporate market practices in the real world, and, insufficiency of these principles to account for the idiosyncrasies of the economic behaviour of organisations. The Marketing Firm provides the theoretical underpinning of this research because it begins to tackle the latter problems. After addressing these issues, the research interprets qualitative evidence narrating a 1979 investigation into the strategic practices of Wall’s conducted by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. The inquiry is designed as a qualitative longitudinal case study. Generally, the evidence upholds the operant conditioning characterisation. However, several theoretical elaborations and empirically grounded refinements must be taken into account. Future research is directed towards further clarification and testing the analogy to destruction. As its primary original contribution, the research generates the first empirical study wherein Selection by Consequences is operationalized to produce an operant account of the evolutionary selection of marketing practices. The study also contributes by suggesting means to demonstrate, albeit qualitatively, processes typically identified through experimental methods and quantitative data.
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Jiang, Liwen. "Somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation in douglas-fir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29882.

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Cell division was obtained from cultured microspores of Douglas-fir on medium supplemented with auxin, cytokinin, and sucrose, but without medium salts. Embryogenic callus was initiated from excised mature and immature zygotic embryos of Douglas-fir on media supplemented with cytokinin and auxin. Precotyledonary embryos produced most of the embryogenic calli in the cultures. Secondary embryogenic callus production, and subsequent subculturing, were required for the establishment of stable embryogenic callus lines for both mature and immature zygotic embryos. Somatic embryos at the precotyledonary stage were obtained in high frequency when Douglas-fir embryogenic callus was transferred onto hormone-free medium supplemented with 1% activated charcoal, while some cotyledonary somatic embryos were obtained from hormone-free medium supplemented with low ABA levels (0-10 uM). The level of ABA in the maturation medium significantly affected the quality of the somatic embryos produced. Cell suspensions were established from embryogenic calli and have been maintained for over one year. Protoplasts were isolated from suspension, cell colonies and calli were regenerated from protoplasts. GUS and CAT genes were successfully introduced into protoplasts of Douglas-fir via electroporation, and their transient expression was obtained 2-4 days after electroporation. The results so far indicate that the production of somatic embryos via embryogenesis in vitro is obtainable, and the application of direct gene transfer via electroporation for genetic engineering of trees in this species is promising.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Generic firm"

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(Firm), MOS, ed. Everything all at once: The film and software projects of MOS. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2012.

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Blumenthal, Eileen. Julie Taymor: Playing with fire : theater, opera, film. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1999.

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Blumenthal, Eileen. Julie Taymor: Playing with fire : theater, opera, film. 3rd ed. Abrams, NY: Abrams, 2006.

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Generic attractions: New essays on film genre criticism. Paris: Michel Houdiard, 2010.

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Guillaume, Geri. Firm commitments. New York: Kensington Pub. Corp., 1998.

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(Firm), General Accident, ed. A premium business: A history of General Accident. Cambridge: Granta Editions, 1999.

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Waterfield, Robin. The firm. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998.

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John, Grisham, ed. The firm. Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education Ltd., 1999.

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Waterfield, Robin. The firm. London: Penguin, 1995.

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Trescher, Stephan. Die kanadische Künstlergruppe General Idea. Nürnberg: Verlag für Moderne Kunst, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Generic firm"

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Spry, Amanda, and Bryan A. Lukas. "Brand Portfolio Architecture and Firm Performance: The Moderating Impact of Generic Strategy." In Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing, 866–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24184-5_209.

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Häussler, Carolin. "General introduction." In Inter-Firm Collaboration, 1–8. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81956-7_1.

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Krämer, Peter. "From Book to Film." In The General, 44–53. London: British Film Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-917-4_5.

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Krämer, Peter. "A Film in Six Parts." In The General, 54–64. London: British Film Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-917-4_6.

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Liao, Chun. "General Theory." In The Governance Structures of Chinese Firms, 1–31. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0036-4_1.

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Ansoff, H. Igor, Daniel Kipley, A. O. Lewis, Roxanne Helm-Stevens, and Rick Ansoff. "General Managers for Diversified Firms." In Implanting Strategic Management, 339–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99599-1_15.

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Zhang, Weiying. "A General Equilibrium Entrepreneurial Model of the Firm." In The Origin of the Capitalist Firm, 97–133. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0221-2_4.

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Provata, A., Ch G. Antonopoulos, and P. Vlamos. "Controlling the Chimera Form in the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Model." In GeNeDis 2020, 247–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78775-2_30.

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Reen, J. J., and Michael Lang. "An Investigation into the Success Factors of Small Software Companies." In International Business Strategy and Entrepreneurship, 95–103. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4753-4.ch006.

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This chapter is concerned with the study of success factors in small software firms. The decision to focus specifically on the software sector, as opposed to high technology firms or the generic small firm, is because the authors believe that there are elements in the operation of a software business that are unique to that domain and do not have equivalents in other industries. Interviews were carried out with six owner/managers of small to medium software firms. The interview data was interpreted using a qualitative analysis approach based on the principles of grounded theory. A number of factors emerged from this analysis, a few of which have parallels in the generic small firm literature (e.g. market positioning, export orientation, distribution channel), as well as a few others which appear to be specific to the software industry (e.g. remote accessibility, ability to demonstrate/trial at global reach with minimal expense, software reuse, etc.).
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Arshed, Norin, and Jaydeep Pancholi. "Porters Five Forces and Generic Strategies." In Enterprise and its Business Environment. Goodfellow Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-78-4-2922.

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Competition is what keeps organizations and industries alive. Harvard Business School Professor, Michael Porter, was keen to understand the drivers of success in commercial organizations. His research indicated that industry structure mattered more than individual firm behaviour and his Five Forces model (1979) offers his explanation of the sources of competition at industry level. The model is based on the theory of determining the competitive intensity and attractiveness of a market. The five forces within the model include: competitive rivalry, threat of new entry, supplier power, buyer power, and threat of substitution. The model has been widely used by firms to analyse the external environment and specific external forces like competition, government policies, and social and cultural forces (Vining, 2011). Furthermore, to overcome such fierce competition created by the Five Forces model, and to ensure successful survival, Porter (1985) also introduced competitive strategies to gain a competitive advantage. By combining price and market type, Porter suggests these competitive strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, and market segmentation (or focus) to enable a competitive environment to prosper. This chapter concentrates on establishing and understanding the Five Forces model and the generic strategies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Generic firm"

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Ahmed, Mansoor, Anirudh Sriram, and Sanjay Singh. "Towards a generic framework for short term firm-specific stock forecasting." In 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2014.6968411.

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Cassia, Lucio. "Resources-based hyper-growth of firms." In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268486195.

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High-growth firms deserve a relevant role in the ‘real-word’ economy: many scholars have proved that these firms create employment, wealth, and economic growth. For example, in the US, the ‘gazelles’ (i.e., firms in the highest percentiles of the growth rate distribution) account for the largest part of the total increase in the employment rate, although they represent only a very small share of all companies (Birch, 1987). Many scholars have also suggested and proved that firm growth creates employment, wealth and general economic development (e.g. Birch, 1979), so that by understanding high-growth firms, researchers may better understand the features involved with growth and success in general
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Ulrich, Patrick, and Felix Stockert. "Family offices as a new form of family business governance." In Corporate governance: Theory and practice. Virtus Interpress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgtapp15.

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Family firms form the majority of companies in almost every country in the world. The organization of the founding families, however, does not play a big role in corporate governance theory and practice. German family firms have created a relatively new form of family firm governance and organization: the family office. This specific form of organization deals with family organization, financial assets, and general family consulting
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Kwon, Sung S., Patrice Gélinas, and Nelson Waweru. "Earnings management and asymmetric sensitivity of bonus compensation to earnings for high-growth firms." In Corporate governance: Theory and practice. Virtus Interpress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgtapp4.

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In this study, examined whether high-IOS (investment opportunity set) firms vis-à-vis non-growth (low-IOS) firms will not reduce discretionary expenditures, such as advertising expenses, research and development, and selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses, to further sustain the firm growth in a more conservative reporting environment (the post-Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) period). Also investigated, as an extension of a prior paper, the sensitivity of chief executive officer (CEO) bonuses to earnings in the cases of high-IOS and low-IOS firms.
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Tam, Wai Cheong, Eugene Yujun Fu, Paul Reneke, Richard Peacock, and Thomas Cleary. "A generic flashover prediction model for residential buildings using graph neural network." In 12th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST 2021). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/b26097e.

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Rabinovitch, Kopel, and Gregory Toker. "Genetic algorithm and thin-film design." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by James D. Rancourt. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185793.

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Mitchell, Gary, Erik Wikstrom, and Joseph Belcastro. "Managing Product Complexity and Working Capital Risk Using Buyer Behavior and Hedge Packaging." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1184.

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Abstract A manufacturing firm creates share-holder value by consistently earning a return on invested capital (ROIC) that exceeds its cost of capital (COC) (Copeland et al, 1995). The amount of value created is impacted directly by the amount of capital invested, highlighting the importance of effective capital allocation. Firms can add significant value through creative ways of balancing customer requirements and working capital needs. This paper describes a generic methodology that uses customer-buying behavior to construct product offerings that minimize working capital risk without impacting service performance. The methodology is specifically applied in an environment where product and option offerings can result in thousands of final product configurations. In these complex manufacturing environments, high-velocity product configurations and option packages are used to create hedge packages (a form of dynamic safety stock) of components with longer lead times than market requirements for finished product delivery. In many cases, the lead times of very complex and costly components can exceed customer delivery requirements by a factor of 10. For example, customers may expect delivery of final products within one week, yet key components of the finished product may require ten or more weeks of lead-time. Further exacerbating the situation are the realities that the longest lead items are by nature very complex and costly, and sales forecasting is very difficult. If inventory is managed too aggressively, part shortages, frequent un-planning or rescheduling messages to vendors, late deliveries, poor service reliability, and lost revenues are typical results. This paper describes a fact-based and market-based methodology to hedge the forecast of key product components and achieve the correct balance between working capital and service requirements. Central to the process is the use of the “Affinity Analysis” tool. This tool is used to process large arrays of product configuration data with the objective of recognizing significant affinities between elements. In an automobile example, when a customer purchases a manual transmission how often do they also choose sport suspension? Knowledge of all of the high-correlation or high-affinity product selections or options can be exploited in the material requirements planning process without having to individually forecast the usage of all options. Forecasting at the individual option level is very difficult and rarely correct. The knowledge of key component affinities facilitates the creation of high-velocity product configurations and option packages that maximize revenue and minimize working capital and manufacturing complexity. The paper includes a description of the affinity analysis tool, the input and output files, how the tool is used, and how the high-velocity and hedge packages are created. Furthermore, the reader is provided with a sample application of the methodology in a complex heavy-equipment manufacturing environment.
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Eroğlu, Şeyma Gün, and Ayşe İrmiş. "Competitive Strategy Analysis from Entrepreneurship Stories." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02287.

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Organizations apply two basic competitive strategies in general. These are the cost leadership strategy and the differentiation strategy. The application of any of the mentioned strategies by focusing on a smaller field in the market is called a focus strategy. Companies gain value in the eyes of customer with the strategy they choose. The aim of this study is to analyze the competitive strategies applied by the enterprises and the results of these strategies. A semi-configured interview on the entrepreneurs of two firms which open to a wider market from local market in Denizli with their own brands, was conducted. The first enterprise, which has been maintaining its existence for 80 years and has many branches in the different provinces, is a firm producing sugar and sugar products (Firm A). The second, which has been maintaining its existence for 84 years and has branches in close neighbor cities and provinces, is a firm producing soft drinks (Firm B). The common feature of both firms is that they keep their local characteristics and take their competitive power from the local people. In the research, the competitive strategies of entrepreneurs have been defined and analyzed by benefiting from the entrepreneurship stories that have been brought up to the present day. It was concluded that firm A applied differentiation strategy in the product, production process, and market, while firm B differentiated in the production process without any differentiation in the product and used the focus strategy in the market.
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Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B., and Douglas Goodwin. "Dispatch of firm wind generation with transmission constraints." In 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesmg.2013.6672522.

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Peng, Yong, Youakim Badr, and Frédérique Biennier. "A generic service system for knowledge-intensive service firms." In the International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1643823.1643901.

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Reports on the topic "Generic firm"

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Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.

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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.
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Andreasen, Eugenia, Sofía Bauducco, and Evangelina Dardati. Welfare Effects of Capital Controls. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003307.

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This paper studies the effect of capital controls on misallocation and welfare in an economy with financial constraints. We build a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms, financial constraints and international trade and calibrate it to the Chilean economy. Since high-productivity and exporting firms need to borrow more to reach their optimal scale, capital controls that tax international borrowing hit them harder. As a result, misallocation increases relatively more for this group of firms, and for young firms that are still trying to reach their optimal scale. In terms of welfare, the model predicts a sizable aggregate loss of 2.39 percent when capital controls are introduced, with welfare decreasing twice as much for high-productivity firms. We empirically corroborate the main insights in terms of misallocation obtained from the model using Chilean manufacturing firm data from 1990 to 2007.
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Crespi, Gustavo, Charlotte Guillard, Mónica Salazar, and Fernando Vargas. Open configuration options Harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys Database (LAIS): Firm-Level Microdata for the Study of Innovation. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004057.

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This paper provides the methods through which the first version of the harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys database (LAIS) was built. LAIS, which is made freely available through the Inter-American Development Bank, contains nearly 690 variables and 119,900 observations at the firm level from 30 national innovation surveys conducted between 2007 and 2017 in 10 Latin American countries, increasing the number of countries of the region with publicly available microdata. This paper describes how, starting from significantly different survey methods and questionnaires between countries, criteria were applied to identify and select variables from different surveys measuring the same underlying concept. It also discusses and guides how differences in survey methodologies may affect comparisons even after the harmonization of variables. LAIS includes data on innovation activities expenditures, sources of information and collaborations for innovation, innovation obstacles, outputs and effects, protection of innovation results, and general firm characteristics. Since LAIS significantly decreases the cost of making data comparisons between countries, it will allow more scholars to research innovation in Latin American firms and to tackle long-standing unanswered questions about the importance of framework conditions in LAC for innovation decisions in firms.
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Fried, Stephie, and David Lagakos. Electricity and Firm Productivity: A General-Equilibrium Approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27081.

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Drake, Keith, Robert He, Thomas McGuire, and Alice Ndikumana. No Free Launch: At-Risk Entry by Generic Drug Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29131.

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Dixit, S., S. Roberts, K. Evans, T. Wolery, and S. Carroll. General Corrosion and Passive Film Stability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889973.

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Orme, C., J. Gray, J. Hayes, L. Wong, R. Rebak, S. Carroll, J. Harper, and G. Gdowski. General Corrosion and Passive Film Stability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/923096.

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Robbins, A. P., S. M. V. Gwynne, and E. D. Kuligowski. Proposed General Approach to fire-Safety Scenarios. National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1743.

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Hoffman, Mitchell, and Stephen Burks. Training Contracts, Employee Turnover, and the Returns from Firm-sponsored General Training. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23247.

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Helmbold, Robert L. Foundations of the General Theory of Volley Fire. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263181.

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