Relevant bibliographies by topics / Generator parameter estimation

Academic literature on the topic 'Generator parameter estimation'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Generator parameter estimation"

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Berhausen, Sebastian, and Stefan Paszek. "Synchronous Generator Model Parameter Estimation Based on Noisy Dynamic Waveforms." Journal of Electrical Engineering 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2016-0003.

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Abstract In recent years, there have occurred system failures in many power systems all over the world. They have resulted in a lack of power supply to a large number of recipients. To minimize the risk of occurrence of power failures, it is necessary to perform multivariate investigations, including simulations, of power system operating conditions. To conduct reliable simulations, the current base of parameters of the models of generating units, containing the models of synchronous generators, is necessary. In the paper, there is presented a method for parameter estimation of a synchronous generator nonlinear model based on the analysis of selected transient waveforms caused by introducing a disturbance (in the form of a pseudorandom signal) in the generator voltage regulation channel. The parameter estimation was performed by minimizing the objective function defined as a mean square error for deviations between the measurement waveforms and the waveforms calculated based on the generator mathematical model. A hybrid algorithm was used for the minimization of the objective function. In the paper, there is described a filter system used for filtering the noisy measurement waveforms. The calculation results of the model of a 44 kW synchronous generator installed on a laboratory stand of the Institute of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the Silesian University of Technology are also given. The presented estimation method can be successfully applied to parameter estimation of different models of high-power synchronous generators operating in a power system.
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Sanin-Villa, Daniel, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Walter Gil-González, Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, and Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. "Parameter Estimation of a Thermoelectric Generator by Using Salps Search Algorithm." Energies 16, no. 11 (May 24, 2023): 4304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114304.

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Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have the potential to convert waste heat into electrical energy, making them attractive for energy harvesting applications. However, accurately estimating TEG parameters from industrial systems is a complex problem due to the mathematical complex non-linearities and numerous variables involved in the TEG modeling. This paper addresses this research gap by presenting a comparative evaluation of three optimization methods, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Salps Search Algorithm (SSA), and Vortex Search Algorithm (VSA), for TEG parameter estimation. The proposed integrated approach is significant as it overcomes the limitations of existing methods and provides a more accurate and rapid estimation of TEG parameters. The performance of each optimization method is evaluated in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), standard deviation, and processing time. The results indicate that all three methods perform similarly, with average RMSE errors ranging from 0.0019 W to 0.0021 W, and minimum RMSE errors ranging from 0.0017 W to 0.0018 W. However, PSO has a higher standard deviation of the RMSE errors compared to the other two methods. In addition, we present the optimized parameters achieved through the proposed optimization methods, which serve as a reference for future research and enable the comparison of various optimization strategies. The disparities observed in the optimized outcomes underscore the intricacy of the issue and underscore the importance of the integrated approach suggested for precise TEG parameter estimation.
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Berhausen, S., and S. Paszek. "Use of the finite element method for parameter estimation of the circuit model of a high power synchronous generator." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2015-0067.

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Abstract The paper presents the two-dimensional, field-circuit model of a high power synchronous generator verified by measurements. The model enables determining the waveforms of electromagnetic quantities in steady and transient states. Verification of the model was based on comparison of the measured and calculated waveforms after a disturbance in the voltage regulation system of a TWW-200-2 generator operating in Połaniec Power Plant. There are also presented the field methods for determining electromagnetic parameters (synchronous reactances and time constants) when using the distributions of static and quasi-static, magnetic and electromagnetic fields calculated by the finite element method (FEM). The set of these parameters was used as the starting parameters of the optimization algorithm for estimation of electromagnetic parameters of the synchronous generator circuit model. The dynamic waveforms under the generator load conditions calculated by the finite element method are the basis of parameter estimation. The parameter estimation of the generator model was performed with the use of the least squares method.
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Lai, Yening, Ling Zhu, Xueping Pan, Jinpeng Guo, Dazhuang He, and Wei Liang. "Online Estimation of the Mechanical Parameters of a Wind Turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator by Utilizing Turbulence Excitations." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062277.

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In this paper, a new method using wind turbulence excitation is proposed to estimate the parameters of the mechanical system (drivetrain and pitch angle controller) in a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Wind Turbine (WT). Firstly, simulations were carried out for a DFIG WT under turbulence excitations. The spectral contents of the responses imply that the transients of the electrical system (generator and converter), which are much faster than those of the mechanical system, can be neglected when estimating the mechanical parameters. Based on this, a simplified model related to the mechanical system of the DFIG WT was derived by applying the model reduction technique. Secondly, the parameter sensitivity of Power Spectral Density (PSD) was used to quantify the impacts of individual parameters on the dynamics of the mechanical system, and the influential parameters were selected on the basis of the sensitivity results. Finally, a weighted least-squares optimization problem, which is suitable for a system with close oscillation modes, was formulated for parameter estimation. The estimation results based on two different types of optimization methods were compared, and their estimation accuracies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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SANTANA, Danyelle. "A Novel Prony Approach for Synchronous Generator Parameter Estimation." PRZEGL�D ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2015.01.09.

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Jaworski, Piotr. "On Truncation Invariant Copulas and their Estimation." Dependence Modeling 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/demo-2017-0009.

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AbstractThe paper deals with the family of irreducible left truncation invariant bivariate copulas, which admit a nontrivial lower tail dependence function. Such copulas, similarly as the Archimedean ones, are characterized by a functional parameter, a generator being an increasing convex function.We provide a nonparametric, piece-wise linear estimator of such generators.
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Moghadam, Farshad Gholami Nejad, Navid Taghizadegan, and Haghi Pour Meraj. "Method for Illconditioned Parameter Estimation Application in Synchronous Generators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2616.

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Fault detection, isolation, and fault diagnosis for a synchronous generator is a desirable feature that could aid in better monitoring and automation of the machine behavior, and could have a significant impact in establishing an adequate maintenance schedule that ensures proper operation while taking into consideration cost and risk of having a large generator and its maintenance. This work looks in parameter estimation’s algorithm methods those can used in fault detection, isolation and diagnosis. In a broad sense, a fault is understood as any kind of anomaly or malfunction that leads to an undesired performance of the system under consideration.
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Karayaka, H. B., A. Keyhani, G. T. Heydt, B. L. Agrawal, and D. A. Selin. "Synchronous generator model identification and parameter estimation from operating data." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 18, no. 1 (March 2003): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2002.808347.

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Nie, Yonghui, He Wang, Lei Gao, Chunying Wu, and Meng Xi. "Adaptive Parameter Estimation for Static Var Generators Based on Wind Speed Fluctuation of Wind Farms." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (March 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3877777.

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The emergence of flexible AC transmission technology provides a new technical means for ensuring the reliable grid connection and stable operation of wind farms. Among them, the static reactive power generator has a fast response speed, which can accurately compensate for the reactive power of the wind farm and improve the power factor; this is widely used in wind farms. To obtain accurate static var generator (SVG) parameters to meet the reliability requirements of a power system, we propose an adaptive estimation method that considers the wind speed fluctuation of wind farms. First, analyzing the dynamic SVG characteristics allowed us to establish a mathematical model. Then, the corresponding relationship between the sensitivity values of the parameters to be identified and the fluctuating wind speed was established, and low and high wind speed models were constructed. Finally, for accurate estimation considering wind speed fluctuation, the parameter initial values are obtained by combining the low wind speed and high wind speed model identification parameters, and we introduce the multimode hybrid estimation of the SVG parameters, providing a new method for accurately identifying the SVG model parameters. The simulation results of the parameter estimation demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the proposed method.
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Ghahremani, E., M. Karrari, and O. P. Malik. "Synchronous generator third-order model parameter estimation using online experimental data." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2, no. 5 (2008): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd:20080175.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Generator parameter estimation"

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Junior, Edson Luis Geraldi. "Parameter estimation for a three-phase distributed synchronous generator model using noisy measurements." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-19102018-143704/.

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The simplified models of synchronous generators, widely used in stability studies of large electric power systems, are not completely suitable for the stability analysis and the design of controllers of distributed synchronous generators, generally connected to typically unbalanced branches. To more accurately analyze the systems with distributed generation, it is necessary to utilize synchronous generator models that consider frequency variation in their electrical equations. Furthermore, this model must represent possible unbalanced three-phase voltages at the generator terminals as well. Nonetheless, to provide reliable responses, the parameters of this more detailed model should be known. Thus, this work assesses the influence of the parameters on the responses of a detailed synchronous generator model, suitable to depict unbalanced operating conditions, and proposes an approach for the estimation of its most important parameters. In the proposed structure, we first employ Trajectory Sensitivity Functions to evaluate the dependency of the responses of this model with respect to its parameters and, from that, we rank them according to their importance. Subsequently, we apply an estimation process that utilizes the Unscented Kalman Filter with the aid of a genetic algorithm to estimate the main parameters of this synchronous generator model under unbalanced operating conditions. To obtain the results and, therefore, assess the proposed estimation approach, we make use of a system which comprises a synchronous generator connected to a three-phase unbalanced load. In addition to the unbalanced operation of the test system, we also consider noises due to the constant load switching, typical of distribution systems. The estimations performed for three operating conditions of the generator were very satisfactory, which demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed approach to obtain adequate models for the description of synchronous generator operation under unbalanced operating conditions.
Os modelos simplificados de geradores síncronos, amplamente utilizados em estudos de estabilidade de grandes sistemas elétricos de potência, não são completamente adequados para a análise de estabilidade e projetos de controladores dos geradores síncronos distribuídos, geralmente conectados a sistemas tipicamente desequilibrados. Para que os sistemas com geração distribuída possam ser analisados mais fidedignamente, é necessária a utilização de um modelo de gerador síncrono que considere a variação de frequência em suas equações elétricas. Além disso, esse modelo também deve ser capaz de representar possíveis tensões trifásicas desequilibradas nos terminais do gerador. Entretanto, para que esse modelo mais detalhado possa fornecer respostas coerentes com a realidade, deve-se conhecer seus parâmetros. Dessa forma, este trabalho avalia a influência dos parâmetros nas respostas de um modelo de gerador síncrono mais detalhado, adequado para representar operações desbalanceadas, e propõe uma abordagem para a estimação de seus parâmetros mais importantes. Nessa estrutura, inicialmente empregam-se as Funções de Sensibilidade de Trajetória para avaliar a dependência das respostas desse modelo em relação aos seus parâmetros e, a partir disso, ordená-los conforme sua importância. Em seguida, aplica-se um processo de estimação que utiliza o Filtro de Kalman Unscented com o auxílio de um algoritmo genético para estimar os principais parâmetros desse modelo de gerador síncrono em condições de desbalanço. Para a obtenção dos resultados e consequente avaliação da abordagem de estimação proposta, utiliza-se um sistema composto por um gerador síncrono conectado a uma carga trifásica desbalanceada. Além da operação desbalanceada desse sistema teste, também são considerados ruídos devidos ao constante chaveamento de cargas, típicos de sistemas de distribuição. As estimações realizadas para três condições de operação do gerador foram bem satisfatórias, indicando a eficiência da abordagem proposta na obtenção de modelos adequados para descrever a operação de geradores síncronos em condições de desbalanço.
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Hasan, S. M. Nayeem. "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain: On-line Parameter Estimation of an Induction Motor Drive and Torque Control of a A PM BLDC Starter-generator." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1208185834.

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Cari, Elmer Pablo Tito. "Metodologia de estimação de parâmetros de sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares com aplicação em geradores síncronos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-06052009-101122/.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma nova metodologia para estimar parâmetros de geradores síncronos baseada na análise de sensibilidade de trajetória. Esta nova metodologia foi concebida com o objetivo de suplantar dificuldades de convergência que a metodologia de sensibilidade de trajetória tradicional apresenta devido a: (i) baixa robustez com relação aos valores iniciais dos parâmetros e ruído nas medidas, (ii) impossibilidade de lidar com singularidades que podem se apresentar nas equações algébricas do modelo de EAD (equações algébrica-diferenciais) que levam a inexistência de soluções, especialmente quando os parâmetros estão distantes dos valores verdadeiros. Apesar de ter sido desenvolvida para resolver o problema de estimação de parâmetros do gerador síncrono, a metodologia é geral e pode ser aplicada para uma classe grande de sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares. Neste sentido, a principal contribuição desta tese é a proposição de uma nova metodologia baseada na sensibilidade de trajetória para estimar parâmetros de sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares restritos, ou seja, modelados por EADs. Mais precisamente, relaxa-se a restrição de igualdade do sistema dinâmico, substituindo-a por uma formulação alternativa baseada na minimização da função algébrica do modelo de EAD. Uma segunda contribuição desta tese está relacionada à modelagem do gerador. Neste sentido, a escolha de variáveis de estado, das entradas e saídas, é fundamental para o sucesso da metodologia de estimação de parâmetros. Nesta tese, estas escolhas permitem que os parâmetros mecânicos e elétricos possam ser estimados independentemente. Para estimar os parâmetros elétricos, o gerador é modelado por um conjunto de EADs para que os seguintes requisitos práticos sejam atendidos: (i) estimar os parâmetros a partir de medidas de perturbações obtidas com o gerador em operação, (ii) usar apenas medidas de fácil acesso, (iii) não depender dos parâmetros da rede. Como resultado final, propõe-se um algoritmo que combina a nova metodologia de sensibilidade de trajetória para sistemas restritos com um algoritmo de estimação em duas fases para estimar os parâmetros do gerador síncrono. A metodologia proposta é robusta aos valores iniciais dos parâmetros e atende aos requisitos práticos mencionados anteriormente. Além disso, a estimação do ângulo de potência é um subproduto da metodologia proposta.
This research proposes a new methodology to estimate parameters of synchronous generators based on trajectory sensitivity analysis. This new methodology was created to overcome convergence difficulties presented by the traditional trajectory sensitivity methodology due to: (i) low robustness with relation to initial parameter values and noisy measurements; and (ii) singularities in the algebraic equation of the model of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) that lead to the nonexistence of solutions, especially when the parameters are far from of the true values. Although the methodology has been developed to solve the synchronous generator problem, it is general and can be used for many types of nonlinear dynamic systems. Therefore, the main contribution of this thesis is the proposal of a new methodology based on trajectory sensitivity to estimate parameters of nonlinear dynamic systems with constraints, i.e., systems modeled by DAEs. More precisely, the equality constraint of the dynamic system is relaxed by an alternative formulation based on the minimization of the algebraic function of the model of DAEs. A second contribution of the thesis is related to the model of the generator. For this intention, the selection of the state variables, inputs and outputs is fundamental for the success of the parameter estimation methodology. In this thesis, this selection allows the generators mechanical and electrical parameters be estimated independently. In order to estimate the electrical parameters, the generator is modeled by a set of convenient DAEs to fulfill the following practical requirements: (i) estimation of the generator parameters from the disturbance measurements obtained with the machine in operation; (ii) use of easily accessible measurements; and (iii) independence of the network parameter. As a final result, an algorithm which combines the new methodology of trajectory sensitivity to constrained systems with the two-stage estimation algorithm is proposed to estimate the generator parameters. This proposed methodology is robust for parameters initial values and fulfills the practical requirements above mentioned. In addition, the estimation of the power angle is a byproduct of the proposed methodology.
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Salman, S. "Parameter estimation of synchronous generators on isolated systems." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593388.

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The design of electrical power systems on offshore platforms involves ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the systems. These criteria prompted the need for performing short-circuit studies and fault level calculations. Using the results obtained from these studies together with the load data, the switchgear rating and fault rating of the switchboard can be determined. This study will aid the designer in determining both transient and substransient reactances of the generators, whereby the transient reactance is used in studying the effect of starting a large motor such as a compressor or a pump and the substransient reactance is used in short circuit studies. The generators parameters are therefore essential in the determination of circuit breaker setting, switchboard ratings and the starting capability of motors. These factors have prompted research into methods for determining the parameters of synchronous generators. The tests approved by the British Standards which are usually employed by manufacturers, however suffer from a number of disadvantages such as the possibility of damage to the generator windings as a result of the sudden three phase short circuit test. On the other hand some of these tests such as the d.c. standstill decay test are quoted as 'unconfirmed testing methods'. This study is therefore aimed at developing a method whereby the parameters of synchronous machines can be estimated directly from the on-line voltage and current waveforms. The study starts by determining the parameters of two salient pole generators using the conventional methods. This is used later to establish the accuracy of the proposed method. The effect of varying the generators parameters on voltage and current waveforms is then analysed, leading to the introduction of a method using only three simple tests. The accuracy and reliability of the method is demonstrated using the software simulator SABER. Finally the new parameter estimating technique is used to determine saturated parameters of the two laboratory generators for different field excitations.
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Hao, Shangyou. "Frequency and time domain parameter estimation of synchronous generators /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596807821502.

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Galbraith, A. S. G. "Estimation of Synchronous Generator Parameters using Time-domain Responses." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1663.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
Power system stability simulations are of growing importance for studying the operational integrity of modern power systems, especially in developing economies where generating and transmission capacity lead the demand by relatively small margins. The relevant model topologies, i.e. for synchronous generators, automatic voltage regulators (AVR) and governor control systems, and the simulation software tools are well established. The MATLAB® Power System Blockset provides engineers with a versatile power system stability simulation environment, particularly where the focus is on individual units or small systems. In comparison with dedicated power system simulation tools such as DIgSILENT®, the MATLAB® environment features a superior set of advanced data processing and data analysis features. This includes features such as optimisation and parameter estimation functions. The main aim of this project is to make use of the MATLAB® package in a bid to test an alternative platform with which to estimate the synchronous machine parameters. Conditioning of field data can delay the process considerably, thus the secondary task of this thesis is to solve this issue by ensuring that only one platform is needed for the entire process starting in the field and ending in the modelling and parameter estimation environment within MATLAB®. In closing, the following points summarise the essential aims of this project: • An application using MATLAB® Script must be created that is responsible for importing and processing the data, so it is suitable for analysis purposes. The processing could include cropping, scaling and filtering of data. • Once the data has been imported it must be used with appropriate models to estimate for machine parameters. This will require the use of the Power Systems Blockset. The actual estimation process also requires the creation of an effective cost function, thus a number of different scenarios will have to be investigated before a solution can be found.
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Zadeh, Ramin Agha. "Performance control of distributed generation using digital estimation of signal parameters." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47011/1/Ramin_Agha_Zadeh_Thesis.pdf.

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The Queensland University of Technology (QUT) allows the presentation of a thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the format of published or submitted papers, where such papers have been published, accepted or submitted during the period of candidature. This thesis is composed of seven published/submitted papers, of which one has been published, three accepted for publication and the other three are under review. This project is financially supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Grant with the aim of proposing strategies for the performance control of Distributed Generation (DG) system with digital estimation of power system signal parameters. Distributed Generation (DG) has been recently introduced as a new concept for the generation of power and the enhancement of conventionally produced electricity. Global warming issue calls for renewable energy resources in electricity production. Distributed generation based on solar energy (photovoltaic and solar thermal), wind, biomass, mini-hydro along with use of fuel cell and micro turbine will gain substantial momentum in the near future. Technically, DG can be a viable solution for the issue of the integration of renewable or non-conventional energy resources. Basically, DG sources can be connected to local power system through power electronic devices, i.e. inverters or ac-ac converters. The interconnection of DG systems to power system as a compensator or a power source with high quality performance is the main aim of this study. Source and load unbalance, load non-linearity, interharmonic distortion, supply voltage distortion, distortion at the point of common coupling in weak source cases, source current power factor, and synchronism of generated currents or voltages are the issues of concern. The interconnection of DG sources shall be carried out by using power electronics switching devices that inject high frequency components rather than the desired current. Also, noise and harmonic distortions can impact the performance of the control strategies. To be able to mitigate the negative effect of high frequency and harmonic as well as noise distortion to achieve satisfactory performance of DG systems, new methods of signal parameter estimation have been proposed in this thesis. These methods are based on processing the digital samples of power system signals. Thus, proposing advanced techniques for the digital estimation of signal parameters and methods for the generation of DG reference currents using the estimates provided is the targeted scope of this thesis. An introduction to this research – including a description of the research problem, the literature review and an account of the research progress linking the research papers – is presented in Chapter 1. One of the main parameters of a power system signal is its frequency. Phasor Measurement (PM) technique is one of the renowned and advanced techniques used for the estimation of power system frequency. Chapter 2 focuses on an in-depth analysis conducted on the PM technique to reveal its strengths and drawbacks. The analysis will be followed by a new technique proposed to enhance the speed of the PM technique while the input signal is free of even-order harmonics. The other techniques proposed in this thesis as the novel ones will be compared with the PM technique comprehensively studied in Chapter 2. An algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering is proposed in Chapter 3. The algorithm is intended to estimate signal parameters like amplitude, frequency and phase angle in the online mode. The Kalman filter is modified to operate on the output signal of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter designed by a plain summation. The frequency estimation unit is independent from the Kalman filter and uses the samples refined by the FIR filter. The frequency estimated is given to the Kalman filter to be used in building the transition matrices. The initial settings for the modified Kalman filter are obtained through a trial and error exercise. Another algorithm again based on the concept of Kalman filtering is proposed in Chapter 4 for the estimation of signal parameters. The Kalman filter is also modified to operate on the output signal of the same FIR filter explained above. Nevertheless, the frequency estimation unit, unlike the one proposed in Chapter 3, is not segregated and it interacts with the Kalman filter. The frequency estimated is given to the Kalman filter and other parameters such as the amplitudes and phase angles estimated by the Kalman filter is taken to the frequency estimation unit. Chapter 5 proposes another algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering. This time, the state parameters are obtained through matrix arrangements where the noise level is reduced on the sample vector. The purified state vector is used to obtain a new measurement vector for a basic Kalman filter applied. The Kalman filter used has similar structure to a basic Kalman filter except the initial settings are computed through an extensive math-work with regards to the matrix arrangement utilized. Chapter 6 proposes another algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering similar to that of Chapter 3. However, this time the initial settings required for the better performance of the modified Kalman filter are calculated instead of being guessed by trial and error exercises. The simulations results for the parameters of signal estimated are enhanced due to the correct settings applied. Moreover, an enhanced Least Error Square (LES) technique is proposed to take on the estimation when a critical transient is detected in the input signal. In fact, some large, sudden changes in the parameters of the signal at these critical transients are not very well tracked by Kalman filtering. However, the proposed LES technique is found to be much faster in tracking these changes. Therefore, an appropriate combination of the LES and modified Kalman filtering is proposed in Chapter 6. Also, this time the ability of the proposed algorithm is verified on the real data obtained from a prototype test object. Chapter 7 proposes the other algorithm based on the concept of Kalman filtering similar to those of Chapter 3 and 6. However, this time an optimal digital filter is designed instead of the simple summation FIR filter. New initial settings for the modified Kalman filter are calculated based on the coefficients of the digital filter applied. Also, the ability of the proposed algorithm is verified on the real data obtained from a prototype test object. Chapter 8 uses the estimation algorithm proposed in Chapter 7 for the interconnection scheme of a DG to power network. Robust estimates of the signal amplitudes and phase angles obtained by the estimation approach are used in the reference generation of the compensation scheme. Several simulation tests provided in this chapter show that the proposed scheme can very well handle the source and load unbalance, load non-linearity, interharmonic distortion, supply voltage distortion, and synchronism of generated currents or voltages. The purposed compensation scheme also prevents distortion in voltage at the point of common coupling in weak source cases, balances the source currents, and makes the supply side power factor a desired value.
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Tsai, Hong. "Modeling and parameter estimation of synchronous generators using on-line operating data and standstill measurements /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487846885780036.

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Rajaraman, Srinivasan. "Robust model-based fault diagnosis for chemical process systems." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3956.

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Fault detection and diagnosis have gained central importance in the chemical process industries over the past decade. This is due to several reasons, one of them being that copious amount of data is available from a large number of sensors in process plants. Moreover, since industrial processes operate in closed loop with appropriate output feedback to attain certain performance objectives, instrument faults have a direct effect on the overall performance of the automation system. Extracting essential information about the state of the system and processing the measurements for detecting, discriminating, and identifying abnormal readings are important tasks of a fault diagnosis system. The goal of this dissertation is to develop such fault diagnosis systems, which use limited information about the process model to robustly detect, discriminate, and reconstruct instrumentation faults. Broadly, the proposed method consists of a novel nonlinear state and parameter estimator coupled with a fault detection, discrimination, and reconstruction system. The first part of this dissertation focuses on designing fault diagnosis systems that not only perform fault detection and isolation but also estimate the shape and size of the unknown instrument faults. This notion is extended to nonlinear processes whose structure is known but the parameters of the process are a priori uncertain and bounded. Since the uncertainty in the process model and instrument fault detection interact with each other, a novel two-time scale procedure is adopted to render overall fault diagnosis. Further, some techniques to enhance the convergence properties of the proposed state and parameter estimator are presented. The remaining part of the dissertation extends the proposed model-based fault diagnosis methodology to processes for which first principles modeling is either expensive or infeasible. This is achieved by using an empirical model identification technique called subspace identification for state-space characterization of the process. Finally the proposed methodology for fault diagnosis has been applied in numerical simulations to a non-isothermal CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactor), an industrial melter process, and a debutanizer plant.
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Grymin, David J. "Two-Step System Identification and Primitive-Based Motion Planning for Control of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24520.

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This dissertation addresses motion planning, modeling, and feedback control for autonomous vehicle systems. A hierarchical approach for motion planning and control of nonlinear systems operating in obstacle environments is presented. To reduce computation time during the motion planning process, dynamically feasible trajectories are generated in real-time through concatenation of pre-specified motion primitives. The motion planning task is posed as a search over a directed graph, and the applicability of informed graph search techniques is investigated. Specifically, a locally greedy algorithm with effective backtracking ability is developed and compared to weighted A* search. The greedy algorithm shows an advantage with respect to solution cost and computation time when larger motion primitive libraries that do not operate on a regular state lattice are utilized. Linearization of the nonlinear system equations about the motion primitive library results in a hybrid linear time-varying model, and an optimal control algorithm using the L2-induced norm as the performance measure is applied to ensure that the system tracks the desired trajectory. The ability of the resulting controller to closely track the trajectory obtained from the motion planner, despite various disturbances and uncertainties, is demonstrated through simulation. Additionally, an approach for obtaining dynamically feasible reference trajectories and feedback controllers for a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on an aerodynamic model derived from flight tests is presented. The modeling approach utilizes the two step method (TSM) with stepwise multiple regression to determine relevant explanatory terms for the aerodynamic models. Dynamically feasible trajectories are then obtained through the solution of an optimal control problem using pseudospectral optimal control software. Discrete-time feedback controllers are then obtained to regulate the vehicle along the desired reference trajectory. Simulations in a realistic operational environment as well as flight testing with the feedback controller demonstrate the capabilities of the approach. The TSM is also applied for system identification of an aircraft using motion capture data. In this application, time domain system identification techniques are used to identify both linear and nonlinear aerodynamic models of large-amplitude pitching motions driven by control surface deflections. The resulting models are assessed based on both their predictive capabilities as well as simulation results.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Generator parameter estimation"

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Lehrasab, Nadeem. A generic fault detection and isolation approach for single-throw mechanical equipment. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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1935-, Lasker G. E., International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics., and International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics and Cybernetics (13th : 2001 : Baden-Baden, Germany), eds. Advances in database and expert systems: Data mining and data warehousing techniques, similarity search for reusable database components, performance assessment of learning algorithms, estimation of models for expert systems, complexity evaluation of software processes, multi-agent systems, multi-agent approach to coalition formation, communication between software agents in distributed information systems, expert systems for fault diagnosis, parameter modulated fractals generators, information management in Intranet and Extranet environments. Windsor, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 2001.

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Torluccio, Giuseppe, Paolo Palliola, Paola Brighi, Lorenzo Dal Maso, Antonio Ciccaglione, Francesca Pampurini, and Anna Grazia Quaranta. IFRS9 e le sfide di contesto. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00032.

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Under IFRS9, Financial Institutions are required to implement impairment frameworks to determine the expected losses on their credit portfolio taking into account the current (so called “point in time”) and the prospective (so called “forward looking”) economic cycle. The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, has posed significant challenges for Financial Institutions in their ability to manage credit risk. Despite numerous guidelines given by regulators, estimating IFRS9 expected loss continues to be a considerable challenge. The challenge partly stems from the relationship between macro-economic scenarios and credit losses, the treatment of moratoriums inside the historical series for development and calibration of IFRS9 risk parameters, and the management of support measures defined at National and European levels (e.g. Next Generation EU) for the forward looking estimations.
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Zinn-Justin, Paul, and Jean-Bernard Zuber. Multivariate statistics. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.28.

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This article considers some classical and more modern results obtained in random matrix theory (RMT) for applications in statistics. In the classic paradigm of parametric statistics, data are generated randomly according to a probability distribution indexed by parameters. From this data, which is by nature random, the properties of the deterministic (and unknown) parameters may be inferred. The ability to infer properties of the unknown Σ (the population covariance matrix) will depend on the quality of the estimator. The article first provides an overview of two spectral statistical techniques, principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), before discussing the Wishart distribution and normal theory. It then describes extreme eigenvalues and Tracy–Widom laws, taking into account the results obtained in the asymptotic setting of ‘large p, large n’. It also analyses the results for the limiting spectra of sample covariance matrices..
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Joynt, Gavin M., and Gordon Y. S. Choi. Blood gas analysis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0072.

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Arterial blood gases allow the assessment of patient oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status. Blood gas machines directly measure pH, and the partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) dissolved in arterial blood. Oxygenation is assessed by measuring PaO2 and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the context of the inspired oxygen and haemoglobin concentration, and the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. Causes of arterial hypoxaemia may often be elucidated by determining the alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient. Ventilation is assessed by measuring the PaCO2 in the context of systemic acid-base balance. A rise in PaCO2 indicates alveolar hypoventilation, while a decrease indicates alveolar hyperventilation. Given the requirement to maintain a normal pH, functioning homeostatic mechanisms result in metabolic acidosis, triggering a compensatory hyperventilation, while metabolic alkalosis triggers a compensatory reduction in ventilation. Similarly, when primary alveolar hypoventilation generates a respiratory acidosis, it results in a compensatory increase in serum bicarbonate that is achieved in part by kidney bicarbonate retention. In the same way, respiratory alkalosis induces kidney bicarbonate loss. Acid-base assessment requires the integration of clinical findings and a systematic interpretation of arterial blood gas parameters. In clinical use, traditional acid-base interpretation rules based on the bicarbonate buffer system or standard base excess estimations and the interpretation of the anion gap, are substantially equivalent to the physicochemical method of Stewart, and are generally easier to use at the bedside. The Stewart method may have advantages in accurately explaining certain physiological and pathological acid base problems.
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Monitoring and Control Using Synchrophasors in Power Systems with Renewables. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2020.

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Lu, Chao, Innocent Kamwa, and Lipeng Zhu. Monitoring and Control Using Synchrophasors in Power Systems with Renewables. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Generator parameter estimation"

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Paszek, Stefan, Andrzej Boboń, Sebastian Berhausen, Łukasz Majka, Adrian Nocoń, and Piotr Pruski. "Method, Algorithm and Module of a Parameter Estimation Program for Mathematical Models of Synchronous Generator and Excitation Systems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 71–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37976-6_4.

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Bruce, Eugene N. "A Three-Phase Model of Respiratory Rhythm Generation." In Modeling and Parameter Estimation in Respiratory Control, 107–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0621-4_11.

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Buzyukova, Irina, Yulia Gaidamaka, and Gennady Yanovsky. "Estimation of GoS Parameters in Intelligent Network." In Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking, 143–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04190-7_14.

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Kłopotek, Robert A. "Study on the Estimation of the Bipartite Graph Generator Parameters." In Language Processing and Intelligent Information Systems, 234–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38634-3_26.

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Kolesnikov, Andrey. "Estimation of QoS Parameters for RTP/UDP Video Streaming in WLANs." In Load Modelling and Generation in IP-based Networks, 251–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19102-3_10.

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Kolesnikov, Andrey. "Estimation of QoS Parameters for RTP/TCP Video Streaming in WLANs." In Load Modelling and Generation in IP-based Networks, 263–80. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19102-3_11.

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Calver, Jonathan, Jienan Yao, and Wayne Enright. "Using Shooting Approaches to Generate Initial Guesses for ODE Parameter Estimation." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, 267–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63591-6_25.

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Fresewinkel, T. "Recursive Estimation of Order and Parameters of a Pilot Plant Turbo Generator." In Stochastic Processes in Physics and Engineering, 91–105. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2893-0_5.

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Satapathy, Monalisha, and Mohit Lal. "Simultaneous Estimation of Speed-Dependent Parameters in a Coupled Turbo Generator System." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 149–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5693-7_11.

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Galkin, Anatoly M., Olga A. Simonina, and Gennady G. Yanovsky. "Multiservice IP Network QoS Parameters Estimation in Presence of Self-similar Traffic." In Next Generation Teletraffic and Wired/Wireless Advanced Networking, 235–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11759355_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Generator parameter estimation"

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Aljabrine, Abdulwahab, Brian K. Johnson, and Normann Fischer. "Synchronous Generator Testbed for Parameter Estimation." In 2021 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc47953.2021.9449602.

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Wei Chen, Qingwu Gong, Lidan Zhang, Huali Chen, and Tao Wang. "A hybrid algorithm for synchronous generator parameter estimation." In 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2009.5138685.

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Agahi, H., M. Karrari, and A. Mahmoodzadeh. "Two New Methods for Synchronous Generator Parameter Estimation." In 2007 IEEE Power Tech. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pct.2007.4538462.

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Mogharbel, Bander, Lingling Fan, and Zhixin Miao. "Least squares estimation-based synchronous generator parameter estimation using PMU data." In 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2015.7286559.

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Chowdhury, S. Dutta, and N. Senroy. "PMU data based online parameter estimation of synchronous generator." In 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpes.2016.7584050.

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Bekker, J. C., and H. J. Vermeulen. "Parameter estimation of a doubly-fed induction generator in a wind generation topology." In 2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upec.2012.6398607.

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Choi, HyungJoo, and HeungHo Lee. "Parameter estimation of the synchronous generator exciter based on PSO." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2014.6894953.

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Khazeiynasab, Seyyed Rashid, Junjian Qi, and Issa Batarseh. "Generator Parameter Estimation by Q-Learning Based on PMU Measurements." In 2021 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt49243.2021.9372221.

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Agahi, H., M. Karrari, W. Rosehart, and O. P. Malik. "Application of active identification method to synchronous generator parameter estimation." In 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2006.1709158.

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Mitra, Arindam, Abheejeet Mohapatra, and Saikat Chakrabarti. "Parameter Estimation of a Synchronous Generator at Moderate Measurement Sampling Rate." In 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2019.8905685.

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Reports on the topic "Generator parameter estimation"

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Meliopoulos, Sakis, George Cokkinides, Bruce Fardanesh, and Clinton Hedrington. Distributed Dynamic State Estimator, Generator Parameter Estimation and Stability Monitoring Demonstration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1176943.

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Dinovitzer, Aaron. PR-214-154503-R01 Pipeline Strains Induced by Slope Movement. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011609.

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Pipeline integrity may be affected by the action of the external soil loads that can be generated by ground movements or slope failures and the structural integrity threat of these geotechnical failures is not well understood. The threat presented to a pipeline by a localized slope failure is not directly related to magnitude of the soil movement involved, but related to the stress and strains induced in the pipeline by the moving soil block. This project demonstrated and applied advanced pipe-soil interaction numerical modeling tools in the assessment of slope movements directed long the pipeline axis. The geotechnical hazard assessments completed in this project provide a conservative means of estimating the pipeline axial strain accumulation resulting from slope movements. These modeling results are presented such that an understanding of the influence of pipeline, slope and operational parameters on strain accumulation is demonstrated and the relative importance of each parameter is demonstrated. The relationship between surface expression of a geotechnical event and the subsurface parameters to facilitate conservative characterization of the event is defined. The data describing axial strain as a function of ground movement magnitude presented in this project may be compared to the axial strain capacity (resistance) engineering tools to evaluate the significance of slope movements on pipeline integrity.
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Brown, R. J. L51598 Tow Methods Design Guide for the Installation of Offshore Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010093.

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In an effort to progress the development of hydrocarbon fields found in water depths beyond 1000 feet, the oil and gas industry is considering cost effective methods of subsea pipeline installation. As an established and reliable oil and gas transportation system, the pipeline will be an important factor in deepwater development. Surface installation methods are expected to become costly in deepwater due to the necessary equipment modifications and vessel requirements which are synonymous with increased tension capability and deepwater station keeping ability. This estimated increase in installation costs has spurred interests in alternative pipeline installation methods that possess the potential for economic competitiveness. Limiting parameters for single as well as bundled pipeline configurations are evaluated for surface, near-surface, mid-depth, off-bottom and bottom tow methods of pipeline installation. The evaluation shows that the viable towing methods for construction of offshore pipelines include the mid-depth and bottom tow methods. Buckle collapse criteria should be utilized in the design of deepwater pipelines to achieve low submerged weights with minimum buoyancy requirements. Low submerged weight provides the maximum pipe tow string length, reducing the number of mid-line connections. A cost estimating program in LOTUS 1-2-3 format is included with this study. The costing program generates cost for each tow method based on user specified pipeline parameters. The cost program also includes J-lay estimating capabilities for single pipelines.
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Saltus, Christina, Molly Reif, and Richard Johansen. waterquality for ArcGIS Pro Toolbox. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42240.

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Monitoring water quality of small inland lakes and reservoirs is a critical component of USACE water quality management plans. However, limited resources for traditional field-based monitoring of numerous lakes and reservoirs that cover vast geographic areas often leads to reactional responses to harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. Satellite remote sensing methodologies using HAB indicators is a good low-cost option to traditional methods and has been proven to maximize and complement current field-based approaches while providing a synoptic view of water quality (Beck et al. 2016; Beck et al. 2017; Beck et al. 2019; Johansen et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2019; Stumpf and Tomlinson 2007; Wang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2019; Reif 2011). To assist USACE water quality management, we developed an ESRI ArcGIS Pro desktop software toolbox (waterquality for ArcGIS Pro) that was founded on the design and research established in the waterquality R software package (Johansen et al. 2019; Johansen 2020). The toolbox enables the detection, monitoring, and quantification of HAB indicators (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Four tools are available 1) to automate the download of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery, 2) to create stacked image with options for cloud and non-water features masks, 3) to apply water quality algorithms to generate relative estimations of one to three water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity), and 4) to create linear regression graphs and statistics comparing in situ data (from field-based water sampling) to relative estimation data. This document serves as a user's guide for the waterquality for ArcGIS Pro toolbox and includes instructions on toolbox installation and descriptions of each tool's inputs, outputs, and troubleshooting guidance.
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Saltus, Christina, Molly Reif, and Richard Johansen. waterquality for ArcGIS Pro Toolbox : user's guide. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45362.

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Monitoring water quality of small inland lakes and reservoirs is a critical component of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) water quality management plans. However, limited resources for traditional field-based monitoring of numerous lakes and reservoirs covering vast geographic areas often leads to reactional responses to harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. Satellite remote sensing methodologies using HAB indicators is a good low-cost option to traditional methods and has been proven to maximize and complement current field-based approaches while providing a synoptic view of water quality (Beck et al. 2016; Beck et al. 2017; Beck et al. 2019; Johansen et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2019; Stumpf and Tomlinson 2007; Wang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2019; Reif 2011). To assist USACE water quality management, we developed an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS Pro desktop software toolbox (waterquality for ArcGIS Pro) founded on the design and research established in the waterquality R software package (Johansen et al. 2019; Johansen 2020). The toolbox enables the detection, monitoring, and quantification of HAB indicators (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Four tools are available: (1) automating the download of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery, (2) creating stacked image with options for cloud and non-water features masks, (3) applying water quality algorithms to generate relative estimations of one to three water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity), and (4) creating linear regression graphs and statistics comparing in situ data (from field-based water sampling) to relative estimation data. This document serves as a user’s guide for the waterquality for ArcGIS Pro toolbox and includes instructions on toolbox installation and descriptions of each tool’s inputs, outputs, and troubleshooting guidance.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Wideman, Jr., Robert F., Nicholas B. Anthony, Avigdor Cahaner, Alan Shlosberg, Michel Bellaiche, and William B. Roush. Integrated Approach to Evaluating Inherited Predictors of Resistance to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Fast Growing Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575287.bard.

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Background PHS (pulmonary hypertension syndrome, ascites syndrome) is a serious cause of loss in the broiler industry, and is a prime example of an undesirable side effect of successful genetic development that may be deleteriously manifested by factors in the environment of growing broilers. Basically, continuous and pinpointed selection for rapid growth in broilers has led to higher oxygen demand and consequently to more frequent manifestation of an inherent potential cardiopulmonary incapability to sufficiently oxygenate the arterial blood. The multifaceted causes and modifiers of PHS make research into finding solutions to the syndrome a complex and multi threaded challenge. This research used several directions to better understand the development of PHS and to probe possible means of achieving a goal of monitoring and increasing resistance to the syndrome. Research Objectives (1) To evaluate the growth dynamics of individuals within breeding stocks and their correlation with individual susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (2) To compile data on diagnostic indices found in this work to be predictive for PHS, during exposure to experimental protocols known to trigger PHS; (3) To conduct detailed physiological evaluations of cardiopulmonary function in broilers; (4) To compile data on growth dynamics and other diagnostic indices in existing lines selected for susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (5) To integrate growth dynamics and other diagnostic data within appropriate statistical procedures to provide geneticists with predictive indices that characterize resistance or susceptibility to PHS. Revisions In the first year, the US team acquired the costly Peckode weigh platform / individual bird I.D. system that was to provide the continuous (several times each day), automated weighing of birds, for a comprehensive monitoring of growth dynamics. However, data generated were found to be inaccurate and irreproducible, so making its use implausible. Henceforth, weighing was manual, this highly labor intensive work precluding some of the original objectives of using such a strategy of growth dynamics in selection procedures involving thousands of birds. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. Healthy broilers were found to have greater oscillations in growth velocity and acceleration than PHS susceptible birds. This proved the scientific validity of our original hypothesis that such differences occur. 2. Growth rate in the first week is higher in PHS-susceptible than in PHS-resistant chicks. Artificial neural network accurately distinguished differences between the two groups based on growth patterns in this period. 3. In the US, the unilateral pulmonary occlusion technique was used in collaboration with a major broiler breeding company to create a commercial broiler line that is highly resistant to PHS induced by fast growth and low ambient temperatures. 4. In Israel, lines were obtained by genetic selection on PHS mortality after cold exposure in a dam-line population comprising of 85 sire families. The wide range of PHS incidence per family (0-50%), high heritability (about 0.6), and the results in cold challenged progeny, suggested a highly effective and relatively easy means for selection for PHS resistance 5. The best minimally-invasive diagnostic indices for prediction of PHS resistance were found to be oximetry, hematocrit values, heart rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) lead II waves. Some differences in results were found between the US and Israeli teams, probably reflecting genetic differences in the broiler strains used in the two countries. For instance the US team found the S wave amplitude to predict PHS susceptibility well, whereas the Israeli team found the P wave amplitude to be a better valid predictor. 6. Comprehensive physiological studies further increased knowledge on the development of PHS cardiopulmonary characteristics of pre-ascitic birds, pulmonary arterial wedge pressures, hypotension/kidney response, pulmonary hemodynamic responses to vasoactive mediators were all examined in depth. Implications, scientific and agricultural Substantial progress has been made in understanding the genetic and environmental factors involved in PHS, and their interaction. The two teams each successfully developed different selection programs, by surgical means and by divergent selection under cold challenge. Monitoring of the progress and success of the programs was done be using the in-depth estimations that this research engendered on the reliability and value of non-invasive predictive parameters. These findings helped corroborate the validity of practical means to improve PHT resistance by research-based programs of selection.
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