Journal articles on the topic 'Generative organs Examination'
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1
Kotsyumbas, G., and M. Shkil. "Pathomorphological characteristic of immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (March 2, 2018): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8329.
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The article elucidates the results of pathoanatomical and histological searches of peripheral immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets. In one of the farms of Transcarpathian region among the pigs of 3–4 months of age were found clinically ill animals, blood was taken, serum test was performed and circiiros was diagnosed. The pathoanatomical autopsy of 12 corpses of piglets was done. During the autopsy of corpses macroscopic changes were studied and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were taken, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing concentration, followed by sealing and filling with paraffin. From paraffin blocks, histological cuts were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the Van Gizon method. Light microscopy and photographing were performed using a Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland) microscope and Leica DFC450C cameras and the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. For macroscopic examination, in all cases, hyperplasia of the spleen and serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis have been established. For histological examination of mesenteric lymph nodes in sick piglets with cirrhosis against a background of severe congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages, exudation, there was a sharp decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, activation of reticuloendothelial cells, transformation of them into epithelioid and formation of giant cells. The detection of polycarocytes in the lymph nodes of sick piglets on the circus is a morphological confirmation of the cytopathic effect of the virus. The histological search of the spleen of pigs for circovirus infection on the background of blood filling, edema of trabeculae, plasma permeation of vascular walls was marked by an intensive decrease in the number of white pulp cells, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the lymph nodes themselves. The revealed histostructural changes indicated a depletion of the spleen, suppression of its generative function, and an immunosuppressive state of one of the organs of immunogenesis.
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Тогачинська, О. В., and І. В. Паращенко. "Екологічна експертиза технологій вирощування пшениці озимої в умовах північного Лісостепу." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2018.02.06.
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Висвітлено результати екологічної експертизи технологій вирощування пшениці озимої у північному Лісостепу за впливом на процеси міграції міді в генетичних горизонтах темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту та накопичення її у веґетативних і генеративних органах рослин. Результати екотоксикологічних досліджень дали змогу виявити, що мінеральна система удобрення та інтенсивний захист рослин можуть бути причиною нагромадження потенційно небезпечних шкідливих речовин у верхніх горизонтах ґрунту, а також сприяти їх міграції вниз за ґрунтовим профілем і створювати потенційну загрозу забруднення ґрунтових вод.
The research was carried out on the basis of the Institute of Agroecology of the UAAS and the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of UAAS». Winter wheat variety – Lada Odes’ka. The soil of the experimental field is dark gray podzolized.
The scheme of the experiment involved the study of fertilizer variants against the background of the minimal and intensive system of plant protection: control (without fertilizers), N60N30, P135K135 + N80 + N55, by-products, P90K90 + N60 + N30.
The results of ecological examination of technologies of winter wheat growing in the Northern Forest-Steppe for the influence on the processes of copper migration in the genetic horizons of dark gray podzolized soil and its accumulation in vegetative and generative organs of plants are highlighted. The results of ecotoxicological studies have revealed that the mineral fertilizer system and intensive plant protection can cause the accumulation of potentially hazardous substances in the upper horizons of the soil. As well as promote their migration down the soil profile and create a potential threat to groundwater contamination.
It was established that under the influence of mineral fertilizers (P135K135 + N80 + N55, P90K90N60 + N30, N45P45K45) intensive protection was carried out more active accumulation of potentially dangerous substances by vegetative (stem, leaves) by the organs of wheat. The use of by-products led to a decrease in the activity of these processes. Fertilizer systems, and especially plant protection, have had a significant impact on the redistribution of harmful substances between vegetative and generative organs of wheat. The amount of copper in winter wheat grains with intensive plant protection increased significantly.
Prospects for scientific work in the future will be aimed at studying the influence of the transition of the transition of nickel, zinc from the soil into vegetative and generative organs of winter wheat and conducting an environmental assessment of technologies for growing winter wheat according to toxicological indicators.
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Naugolnykh, Serge V. "Paracalamitina striata—a newly reconstructed equisetophyte from the Permian of Angaraland." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 2 (March 2002): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000041755.
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This paper deals with Paracalamitina striata (Schmalhausen) Zalessky, 1934, an equisetophyte of the family Tschernoviaceae from the Permian of Angaraland. New material contributes to a better understanding of this plant, which now can be reconstructed. Paracalamitina striata is an equisetopsid with opposite ribs on the stem. Its main stem bears lateral shoots or shoot and leaf scars, that are located at nodes. Shoot nodes have subcylindrical leaf sheaths. The distal parts of leaves are free and acute. Generative organs are fertile zones, which are formed by numerous sporangiophores with peltate sporophylls. A terminal sterile whorl is presented above each fertile zone. An emended diagnosis of Paracalamitina Zalessky is provided on the basis of new material and re-examination of previously collected specimens as well. The nomenclature and taxonomic status of P. striata also are discussed.
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Gökbayrak, Z., and H. Engin. "Determination of floral development stages in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L. cv.): highlighting the manifestation of stamens and pistil primordia with new intermediate stages linking the phenological stages." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 34, no. 2 (2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20193402084.
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Despite relatively intensive work on the development of inflorescence primordia during grapevine growth in season one, some informational gaps are present in the flower and floral organ development in the season two. In addition, concurrents events of phenology and formation of flowers and floral parts has not been dealt with. With the aid of digital imaging, this research had three objectives; a) describe the developmental events that take place during and after bud break in the buds and in the individual flowers in terms of differentiation, b) match these events with phenological stages, and c) determine size-related growth of the floral organs. After careful dissecting and examination of the samples under microscopy, taken ever 5-10 days between March 20 and May 10 in 2016, the results indicated that highly esteemed works regarding the reproductive anatomy of grapevines needed some additional stages to fully describe events in the stamen and pistil primordia after the appearance of petal primordia. Five intermediate stages were added to the stages of “formation of flowers”. Differentiation of inflorescence and individual flowers occurred in the second season as the buds swelled in the spring. Stamens and pistil could be seen about 3 weeks later and completed their initial growth in another 3 weeks. Flower primordia was visible on April 1 and showed a more than 9-fold increase over the course of 5 to 6 weeks. flowers increased their width and their length more than 9- and 15-fold, respectively, between stage 8.1 (April 1) and 10.3 (May 10). At first, they were wider than they were longer, but at later stages they grew longitudinally. Reproductive organ primordia were visualized around the time of 2-4 leaves separated on the shoots. Signs of generative parts become apparent in late April. Anthers were the smallest in the flower. Filaments, on the other hand, elongated almost 7-fold in a period of 20 days. Gynoecium growth was the most impressive and total pistil length increased from 52.8 to 162 μm, ovary width from 40.4 to 99.8 μm, and stigma diameter from 9.96 to 44.9 μm in twenty days. By the time the pistil took its final shape, 6-8 leaves grew on the shoot during which inflorescence could also be seen.
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Yang, Yang, Weihai Zhuo, Yiyang Zhao, Tianwu Xie, Chuyan Wang, and Haikuan Liu. "Estimating Specific Patient Organ Dose for Chest CT Examinations with Monte Carlo Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 8961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198961.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to preliminarily estimate patient-specific organ doses in chest CT examinations for Chinese adults, and to investigate the effect of patient size on organ doses. Methods: By considering the body-size and body-build effects on the organ doses and taking the mid-chest water equivalent diameter (WED) as a body-size indicator, the chest scan images of 18 Chinese adults were acquired on a multi-detector CT to generate the regional voxel models. For each patient, the lungs, heart, and breasts (glandular breast tissues for both breasts) were segmented, and other organs were semi-automated segmented based on their HU values. The CT scanner and patient models simulated by MCNPX 2.4.0 software (Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, USA) were used to calculate lung, breast, and heart doses. CTDIvol values were used to normalize simulated organ doses, and the exponential estimation model between the normalized organ dose and WED was investigated. Results: Among the 18 patients in this study, the simulated doses of lung, heart, and breast were 18.15 ± 2.69 mGy, 18.68 ± 2.87 mGy, and 16.11 ± 3.08 mGy, respectively. Larger patients received higher organ doses than smaller ones due to the higher tube current used. The ratios of lung, heart, and breast doses to the CTDIvol were 1.48 ± 0.22, 1.54 ± 0.20, and 1.41 ± 0.13, respectively. The normalized organ doses of all the three organs decreased with the increase in WED, and the normalized doses decreased more obviously in the lung and the heart than that in the breasts. Conclusions: The output of CT scanner under ATCM is positively related to the attenuation of patients, larger-size patients receive higher organ doses. The organ dose normalized by CTDIvol was negatively correlated with patient size. The organ doses could be estimated by using the indicated CTDIvol combined with the estimated WED.
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Muangpoon, Theerapat, Reza Haghighi Osgouei, David Escobar-Castillejos, Christos Kontovounisios, and Fernando Bello. "Augmented Reality System for Digital Rectal Examination Training and Assessment: System Validation." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): e18637. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18637.
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Background Digital rectal examination is a difficult examination to learn and teach because of limited opportunities for practice; however, the main challenge is that students and tutors cannot see the finger when it is palpating the anal canal and prostate gland inside the patients. Objective This paper presents an augmented reality system to be used with benchtop models commonly available in medical schools with the aim of addressing the problem of lack of visualization. The system enables visualization of the examining finger, as well as of the internal organs when performing digital rectal examinations. Magnetic tracking sensors are used to track the movement of the finger, and a pressure sensor is used to monitor the applied pressure. By overlaying a virtual finger on the real finger and a virtual model on the benchtop model, students can see through the examination and finger maneuvers. Methods The system was implemented in the Unity game engine (Unity Technologies) and uses a first-generation HoloLens (Microsoft Inc) as an augmented reality device. To evaluate the system, 19 participants (9 clinicians who routinely performed digital rectal examinations and 10 medical students) were asked to use the system and answer 12 questions regarding the usefulness of the system. Results The system showed the movement of an examining finger in real time with a frame rate of 60 fps on the HoloLens and accurately aligned the virtual and real models with a mean error of 3.9 mm. Users found the movement of the finger was realistic (mean 3.9, SD 1.2); moreover, they found the visualization of the finger and internal organs were useful for teaching, learning, and assessment of digital rectal examinations (finger: mean 4.1, SD 1.1; organs: mean 4.6, SD 0.8), mainly targeting a novice group. Conclusions The proposed augmented reality system was designed to improve teaching and learning of digital rectal examination skills by providing visualization of the finger and internal organs. The initial user study proved its applicability and usefulness.
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Gawlitza, Joshua, Thomas Henzler, Frederik Trinkmann, Elke Nekolla, Holger Haubenreisser, and Gunnar Brix. "COPD Imaging on a 3rd Generation Dual-Source CT: Acquisition of Paired Inspiratory-Expiratory Chest Scans at an Overall Reduced Radiation Risk." Diagnostics 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121106.
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As stated by the Fleischner Society, an additional computed tomography (CT) scan in expiration is beneficial in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was thus the aim of this study to evaluate the radiation risk of a state-of-the-art paired inspiratory-expiratory chest scan compared to inspiration-only examinations. Radiation doses to 28 organs were determined for 824 COPD patients undergoing routine chest examinations at three different CT systems–a conventional multi-slice CT (MSCT), a 2nd generation (2nd-DSCT), and 3rd generation dual-source CT (3rd-DSCT). Patients examined at the 3rd-DSCT received a paired inspiratory-expiratory scan. Organ doses, effective doses, and lifetime attributable cancer risks (LAR) were calculated. All organ and effective doses were significantly lower for the paired inspiratory-expiratory protocol (effective doses: 4.3 ± 1.5 mSv (MSCT), 3.0 ± 1.2 mSv (2nd-DSCT), and 2.0 ± 0.8 mSv (3rd-DSCT)). Accordingly, LAR was lowest for the paired protocol with an estimate of 0.025 % and 0.013% for female and male patients (50 years) respectively. Image quality was not compromised. Paired inspiratory-expiratory scans can be acquired on 3rd-DSCT systems at substantially lower dose and risk levels when compared to inspiration-only scans at conventional CT systems, offering promising prospects for improved COPD diagnosis.
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Kulbanska, I. M., M. V. Shvets, А. F. Goychuk, L. H. Biliavska, and V. P. Patyka. "Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Brady et al. 2013 – the Causative Agent of Bacterial Dropsy of Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) in Ukraine." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 5 (October 17, 2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.05.030.
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The article presents the symptomatic characteristics of vascular-parenchymal bacteriosis, which is quite common on forest woody plants, caused by the causative agent of bacterial dropsy. It was shown that a characteristic feature of this bacteriosis is the formation of various shapes and sizes of ulcers, in the places of formation of which there is a release of a dark, almost black, exudate. It is emphasized that during the study of the vascular system of common oak trees, its dark coloration is noticeable. Now there is a chronic course of the disease with the presence of dieback of individual branches in the crown. It was established that the causative agent of bacterial dropsy is Lelliottia nimipressuralis; its physiological and biochemical characteristics are given. The aim of the work is the bacteriological study of wood samples with typical signs of bacterial dropsy, study of morphological, cultural and biochemical properties of the causative agent of bacterial dropsy of oak. Methods. Classical microbiological, phytopathological, biochemical, statistical methods were uses in the work. If a bacterial dropsy was suspected, diagnostic methods were combined, with the help of which the etiology of the disease was established: an accurate analysis of symptoms; a thorough microscopic examination of the affected parts of plants; isolation and identification of the pathogen using NEFERMtest24 MikroLaTE, ErbaLachema, API 20E test systems and the like. Results. We have noted the habitual manifestations of the bacterial dropsy of the common oak. From the lesion, where dark brown areas of wood appeared under the bark in the area of the ulcer against the background of healthy light-colored wood, isolated bacterial isolates were identified by morphological and physiological-biochemical properties as Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Brady et al. 2013) – the causative agent of bacterial dropsy of oak (now Enterobacter nimipressuralis). It was found that isolates from common oak, like the collection strain E. nimipressuralis 8791, are gram-negative. It was shown that the studied bacteria are facultative anaerobes and use glucose both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. They do not form gelatinase and protopectinase. Exhibit a positive Voges-Proskauer reaction. Bacteria use glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, amygdalin, and melibiose as the only source of carbon nourishment. The bacteria do not use inositol and sorbitol. They do not form indole and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), but are capable of reducing nitrates. They contain arginine dehydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, β-galactosidase, but not lysine decarboxylase, and urease. Conclusions. It has been established that the diseases that we discovered are, by all symptomatic signs, a systemic, vascular-parenchymal bacteriosis, known as bacterial dropsy of oak, which affects all tissues, plant parts and generative organs at all stages of ontogenesis. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of bacterial dropsy isolated by us during the research, we identified the causative agent of bacterial edema of oak – Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945).
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Dudareva, Yu A., V. A. Gur'eva, and Ya N. Shoikhet. "THE INVESTIGATION OF PREVALENCE OF GENITAL INFLAMMATION IN WOMEN OF SECOND GENERATION OF DESCENDANTS WHOSE ANCESTORS WERE IN THE AREA OF RADIATION EXPOSURE." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 67, no. 7 (July 10, 2012): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v67i7.333.
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There are the results of a comprehensive clinical examination of 112 women of childbearing age who are second generation descendants of those who were in the area of radiation exposure over 25 ED cSv. Incidence and factors leading to chronic inflammation of pelvic organs were studied. Immune status was evaluated by studying of subpopulation of immune cells in peripheral blood and levels of basic inflammatory cytokines. High incidence of the pelvic organs inflammatory diseases in women second-generation offspring due to disturbances in the complex chain of immunocompetent system was defined.
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Punzon, Isabel, Luis M. Criado, Alfredo Serrano, Fernando Serrano, and Antonio Bernad. "Highly efficient lentiviral-mediated human cytokine transgenesis on the NOD/scid background." Blood 103, no. 2 (January 15, 2004): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-07-2298.
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Abstract Human neo-organ formation from stem cells can only be assayed by in vivo xenotransplantation. The human nonobese diabetic–severe combined immunodeficient (HuNOD/scid) CD34+ cell transplantation is a model that allows examination of hematopoietic tissue formation, although human hematopoietic cell maturation is abortive. Conventional humanization of the cytokine microenvironment has depended on generation of human cytokine-transgenic mice in strains appropriate for conventional plasmid microinjection, followed by backcrossing, a costly and time-consuming approach. Lentiviral vector infection of single-cell embryos was recently reported to produce transgenic animals. Using this approach, we have generated direct human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) transgenic mice from lentivirus-microinjected NOD/scid embryos, with 68% efficiency and 100% penetrance; this allowed us to obtain NOD/scid transgenic mice with considerable savings of resources. This powerful technique should assist in producing novel mouse models for the study of human blood cell lineage development and other human neo-organs from stem cell xenotransplantation for which a similar “humanization” rationale may be required.
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Bogormistrova, Veronika A., Pavel N. Svoboda, Vera N. Shestakova, Alexander A. Udovenko, and Denis V. Sosin. "The structure of lesions of the musculoskeletal system in adolescent children, considering the somatic pathology and living environment." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors96525.
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BACKGROUND: Pathology of the musculoskeletal system ranks first among health disorders of the younger generation. The frequency of posture disorders, scoliosis, and flat feet increases as the child grows older and requires careful monitoring, preventive measures, and long-term rehabilitation measures.
AIM: This investigation studies the formation frequency of lesions of the musculoskeletal system lesions, considering the somatic pathology in adolescent children brought up under various conditions, and addresses the issue of preventive and corrective measures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The main group consisted of schoolchildren aged 1115 from social institutions (n = 60). The comparison group included children from complete families (n = 60). The health assessment was conducted in accordance with the methodological recommendations developed at the Research Institute of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents. The material was copied from forms 112/y, 003/y, 026/y, and the clinical examination results and the conclusions of other specialists were collected. Statistics were evaluated by the Pearsons 2-criterion with the Yates correction, with values of p 0.05.
RESULTS: The health of children from social institutions was significantly worse than that of complete families (p = 0.04). They were 4.8 times more likely to form chronic diseases (p = 0.04), especially those of the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems, digestive organs, blood circulation, and the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) organs were leading (p = 0.001). Lesions of the musculoskeletal system were more often combined (p = 0.02). In the comparison group, functional disorders occurred more often (p = 0.04), and digestive and circulatory organ diseases prevailed. Pathology of the musculoskeletal system occupied the third position and was significantly less common (p = 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: The health of children from social institutions is worse than that of schoolchildren from complete families. In them, lesions of the musculoskeletal system occupy second place, the frequency of combined lesions is higher, the increase in orthopedic pathology occurs mainly because of scoliosis, flat feet, and posture disorders. Neurodysplastic and idiopathic forms prevail in the structure of scoliosis. In children with scoliosis, diseases of the central nervous system, digestive organs, and blood circulation are more often registered. In children with flat feet, lesions of the digestive and circulatory organs are more often diagnosed. In children with impaired posture, diseases of ENT organs, circulatory organs, and vision are more often detected. Therefore, the musculoskeletal system pathology must be considered as an interdisciplinary problem, requiring a comprehensive rehabilitation program that involves other specialists.
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Ohteki, T., R. Okuyama, S. Seki, T. Abo, K. Sugiura, A. Kusumi, T. Ohmori, H. Watanabe, and K. Kumagai. "Age-dependent increase of extrathymic T cells in the liver and their appearance in the periphery of older mice." Journal of Immunology 149, no. 5 (September 1, 1992): 1562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.149.5.1562.
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Abstract The liver is a major site of generation of extrathymic T cells with unique properties (e.g., expressing intermediate TCR and containing self-reactive clones). We investigated herein whether the levels of extrathymic alpha beta T cells varied in various organs as a function of age. A systematic examination of the number of mononuclear cells in various organs of BALB/c mice revealed that the number of hepatic MNC increased with age whereas the number of thymocytes decreased. These changes were more striking in mice fed under conventional conditions than under specific pathogen-free condition. The age-dependent changes in the number of mononuclear cells in the spleen and lymph nodes were minimal. Although the total proportion of alpha beta T cells in each organ remained constant, the staining patterns of TCR-alpha beta as shown by immunofluorescence profiles varied. The most prominent change was that intermediate TCR-alpha beta cells, which constituted a small population in the liver of young mice, expanded in the liver of older mice. Intermediate TCR cells appeared even in the periphery of older mice. These findings were confirmed by the appearance of extrathymic T cells with other unique properties, e.g., double-negative CD4-8- phenotype and CD44 expression. In athymic nude mice, only intermediate TCR cells were present in the liver and periphery. An age-dependent increase of intermediate TCR cells was also seen in these mice. Taken together with the result of bromodeoxyuridine-injection experiment, which showed an intensive in vivo proliferation of cells in the hepatic sinusoids, extrathymic T cells may differentiate predominantly in the liver and appeared even to the periphery in older mice.
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Zeller, Walter, Gabriele Meier, Kurt Bürki, and Basile Panoussis. "Adverse effects of tribromoethanol as used in the production of transgenic mice." Laboratory Animals 32, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367798780599811.
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Tribromoethanol is widely used as an anaesthetic agent for embryo-transfer surgery for the generation of transgenic mice. Potential side effects such as local irritation, fibrous adhesions in the abdominal cavity, and mortalities of unknown cause have been reported. Mice of three different strains (CD-1, OF-1, NMRI) received intraperitoneal injections of pentobarbiturate (60 mg/kg, 0.4%), tribromoethanol (240 mg/kg, 1.2%), tribromoethanol (450 mg/kg, 2.5%), ketamine/xylazine (120 mg/kg, 1.2%/16 mg/kg, 0.16%) or saline (NaCl, 0.9%). After 24 h the animals were sacrificed and blinded histopathological examination of abdominal organs was performed by light microscopy. Tribromoethanol caused focal to diffuse necrosis primarily of subperitoneal muscle fibres of the abdominal wall, and, occasionally, necrotic changes on the surface of abdominal organs. These changes were associated with acute peritoneal inflammation and fibrinous serositis of the abdominal organs. The severity of the findings increased with the concentration of tribromoethanol. The use of ketamine/xylazine yielded a comparable success rate in embryo transfer without undesirable side effects. Further use of tribromoethanol is not recommended.
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Skovorodin, Evgeny, Ravil Mustafin, Svetlana Bogoliuk, George Bazekin, and Valian Gimranov. "Clinical and structural changes in reproductive organs and endocrine glands of sterile cows." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.774-781.
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Aim: The study aimed to determine both macroscopic and microscopic changes in the reproductive organs of sterile cows. Materials and Methods: Careful clinical and gynecological examinations (using histological and histochemical methods) of organs of culled sterile cows, such as ovaries, oviducts, the uterus, pars anterior adenohypophysis, thyroid body, and adrenals, were performed. Results: It was found that 20% of the examined cows in the farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan had pathology of reproductive organs. Ovarian dysfunction was diagnosed in 31% of sterile cows. Histological and histochemical studies revealed that high atresia of all types of ovarian follicles is associated with hypofunction of the ovaries. This was related to stromal vascular dystrophy and was accompanied by atrophy of thecal endocrine elements, resulting in decrease of endocrine and generative function of ovaries. Conclusion: Essential elements of the ovarian dysfunction pathogenesis are disorders of the functional system "ovary-pituitary-adrenal-thyroid gland" and the abnormality of utero-ovarian relationships, which differ significantly during hypofunction, in case of follicular cysts, and in case of persistent corpora lutea. This difference in abnormalities of utero-ovarian relationships should be considered when developing diagnostic and treatment methods and determining preventive measures.
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Sharkov, S. M., E. V. Sibirskaya, N. O. Tarbaya, and N. D. Shchukina. "ORGANIZATION OF MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS." Russian Pediatric Journal 22, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2019-22-1-38-41.
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The current demographic situation in Russia is characterized by a high frequency of male and female infertility, high childhood morbidity, an increased frequency of birth of children with genetic diseases, hereditary and congenital malformations. All this explains the need to protect the reproductive health of the younger generation. A significant number of organic and functional diseases of the female genital organs has been established to originate from childhood. In turn, the gynecological morbidity of girls and adolescent girls has a significant impact on the course of future pregnancies, childbirth, as well as fertility and the health of the offspring as a whole. There are obvious shortcomings in the provision of specialized care to girls, there are no regular gynecological examinations, despite the clinical examination of the population, most pediatricians, as well as parents, are not sufficiently aware of the features of the course in different forms of gynecological pathology in girls, which, together with the low appealability of girls to a pediatric gynecologist, fails to allow prevention, timely identify and treat disorders of the reproductive system in childhood and adolescence. The article presents the main forms of organization of activities for the prevention and early diagnosis of gynecological diseases of children and adolescents.
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Braudeau, C., D. Bouchet, C. Toquet, L. Tesson, S. Ménoret, S. Iyer, C. Laboisse, et al. "Generation of Heme Oxygenase-1-Transgenic Rats." Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, no. 5 (May 2003): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15353702-0322805-07.
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Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression protects cells from a variety of cellular insults and inhibits inflammation. However, its role in the regulation of immune responses has not yet been clearly established. We generated HO-1 transgenic rats to directly test the impact of HO-1 on the different immune mechanisms. To temporally control the expression of HO-1, we used a one-plasmid tetracycline (tet)-inducible system. This plasmid contains the H-2Kb promoter, which transcribes the tet transactivator (tTA) and expression of a human HO-1 cDNA is obtained in the absence of tetracycline. The DNA construct was microinjected into one-cell rat embryos and mothers and pups were maintained with tetracycline. Eight transgenic founders were obtained. Analysis of transgene expression in the absence of tet showed that 2 lines (12.4 and 12.6) expressed HO-1 mRNA in several organs (as detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and at the protein level only in the thymus. Expression levels of transgene-derived HO-1 increased after withdrawal of tet compared with transgenic rats maintained with tet, as detected by analysis of mRNA levels by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Gross examination and histopathological analysis of several organs in both lines showed no anomalies. Thymocytes and splenocytes of both lines showed normal cell subpopulations and allogeneic proliferation compared with controls. Systemic immune responses against cognate antigens were normal in both lines, as evaluated by the proliferation of lymph node cells and the production of antibodies against keyhole limpet hemocyanin after immunization. Animals from line 12.6 rejected transplanted allogeneic hearts with the same kinetics as controls. In conclusion, short-term induction of HO-1 overexpression did not modify immune responses compared to those of control non-transgenic animals.
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Reisenberg, Melina, Praveen K. Singh, Gareth Williams, and Patrick Doherty. "The diacylglycerol lipases: structure, regulation and roles in and beyond endocannabinoid signalling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1607 (December 5, 2012): 3264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0387.
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The diacylglycerol lipases (DAGLs) hydrolyse diacylglycerol to generate 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), the most abundant ligand for the CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptors in the body. DAGL-dependent endocannabinoid signalling regulates axonal growth and guidance during development, and is required for the generation and migration of new neurons in the adult brain. At developed synapses, 2-AG released from postsynaptic terminals acts back on presynaptic CB 1 receptors to inhibit the secretion of both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, with this DAGL-dependent synaptic plasticity operating throughout the nervous system. Importantly, the DAGLs have functions that do not involve cannabinoid receptors. For example, 2-AG is the precursor of arachidonic acid in a pathway that maintains the level of this essential lipid in the brain and other organs. This pathway also drives the cyclooxygenase-dependent generation of inflammatory prostaglandins in the brain, which has recently been implicated in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Remarkably, we still know very little about the mechanisms that regulate DAGL activity—however, key insights can be gleaned by homology modelling against other α/β hydrolases and from a detailed examination of published proteomic studies and other databases. These identify a regulatory loop with a highly conserved signature motif, as well as phosphorylation and palmitoylation as post-translational mechanisms likely to regulate function.
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Magee, Joseph. "Sense Organs and the Activity of Sensation in Aristotle." Phronesis 45, no. 4 (2000): 306–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852800510243.
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AbstractAmid the ongoing debate over the proper interpretation of Aristotle's theory of sense perception in the De Anima, Steven Everson has recently presented a well-documented and ambitious treatment of the issue, arguing in favor of Richard Sorabji's controversial position that sense organs literally take on the qualities of their proper objects. Against the interpretation of M. F. Burnyeat, Everson and others make a compelling case the Aristotelian account of sensation requires some physical process to occur in sense organs. A detailed examination of the interpretation by Everson and Sorabji of Aristotle's theory, however, shows that their reading cannot be the correct one, since it involves many textual and philosophical difficulties. Their interpretation, for instance, would require abandoning Aristotle's requirement that only a transparent substance is suitable matter for an eye. Likewise, their understanding of the Aristotle's doctrine of sensation as the reception of form without matter in DA 2.12 cannot be reconciled with other texts of his from On Generation and Corruption. An analysis of these texts, as well as DA 2.7 and De Sensu 6 on the roles of light and the transparent medium in vision, show that, for Aristotle, the physical processes which sense organs undergo are not standard qualitative changes (i.e. alterations), but activities or the actualizations of potencies in the material constituents of living animal bodies.
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Yoshikawa, Shigeru, Hiromi Tashiro, and Yumiko Sakamoto. "Experimental examination of vortex-sound generation in an organ pipe: A proposal of jet vortex-layer formation model." Journal of Sound and Vibration 331, no. 11 (May 2012): 2558–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.01.026.
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Cao, Yixin, Ying He, Cong Wei, Jing Li, Lejing Qu, Huiqin Zhang, Ying Cheng, and Boling Qiao. "Aquaporins Alteration Profiles Revealed Different Actions of Senna, Sennosides, and Sennoside A in Diarrhea-Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103210.
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Senna and its main components sennosides are well-known effective laxative drugs and are used in the treatment of intestinal constipation in the world. Their potential side effects have attracted more attention in clinics but have little scientific justification. In this study, senna extract (SE), sennosides (SS), and sennoside A (SA) were prepared and used to generate diarrhea rats. The diarrhea rats were investigated with behaviors, clinical signs, organ index, pathological examination, and gene expression on multiple aquaporins (Aqps) including Aqp1, Aqp2, Aqp3, Aqp4, Aqp5, Aqp6, Aqp7, Aqp8, Aqp9, and Aqp11. Using qRT-PCR, the Aqp expression profiles were constructed for six organs including colon, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, and stomach. The Aqp alteration profiles were characterized and was performed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The SE treatments on the rats resulted in a significant body weight loss (p < 0.001), significant increases (p < 0.001) on the kidney index (27.72%) and liver index (42.55%), and distinguished changes with up-regulation on Aqps expressions in the kidneys and livers. The SS treatments showed prominent laxative actions and down regulation on Aqps expression in the colons. The study results indicated that the SE had more influence/toxicity on the kidneys and livers. The SS showed more powerful actions on the colons. We suggest that the caution should be particularly exercised in the patients with kidney and liver diseases when chronic using senna-based products.
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Ryan, B. M., R. Selby, R. Gingell, J. M. Waechter, J. H. Butala, S. S. Dimond, B. J. Dunn, R. House, and R. Morrissey. "Two-Generation Reproduction Study and Immunotoxicity Screen in Rats Dosed with Phenol via the Drinking Water." International Journal of Toxicology 20, no. 3 (May 2001): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158101317097700.
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This study evaluated the potential reproductive toxicity of phenol in a rat two-generation reproduction study, which included additional study endpoints, such as sperm count and motility, developmental landmarks, histological evaluation of suspect target organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, and thymus), weanling reproductive organ weights, and an immunotoxicity screening plaque assay. Phenol was administered to 30 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex/group in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 200, 1000, or 5000 ppm. Parental (P1) animals were treated for 10 weeks prior to mating, during mating, gestation, lactation, and until sacrifice. The F1 generation (P1 offspring) was treated using a similar regimen, while the F2 generation was not treated. After mating, 10 P1 males/group were evaluated using standard clinical pathology parameters and an immunotoxicity screening plaque assay. Significant reductions in water and food consumption were observed in the 5000-ppm group in both generations; corollary reductions in body weight/body weight gain were also observed. Mating performance and fertility in both generations were similar to controls, and no adverse effects on vaginal cytology or male reproductive function were observed. Vaginal opening and preputial separation were delayed in the 5000-ppm group, and were considered to be secondary to the reduction in F1 body weight. Litter survival of both generations was reduced in the 5000-ppm group. Absolute uterus and prostate weights were decreased in the F1 generation at all dose levels; however, no underlying pathology was observed and there was no functional deficit in reproductive performance. Therefore, these findings were not considered to be adverse. No evidence of immunotoxicity was noted in the 5000-ppm group. The effects noted at the high concentration were presumed to be associated with flavor aversion to phenol in the drinking water. Based on a comprehensive examination of all parameters, the no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for reproductive toxicity of phenol administered in drinking water to rats is 1000 ppm. The corresponding daily intake of phenol for an adult rat at the NOAEL of 1000 ppm is equivalent to about 70 mg/kg/day for males and 93 mg/kg/day for females.
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Xu, Min, Pengjiang Qian, Jiamin Zheng, Hongwei Ge, and Raymond F. Muzic. "A Novel Radial Basis Neural Network-Leveraged Fast Training Method for Identifying Organs in MR Images." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (May 5, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4519483.
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We propose a new method for fast organ classification and segmentation of abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) images. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new type of high-tech imaging examination fashion in recent years. Recognition of specific target areas (organs) based on MR images is one of the key issues in computer-aided diagnosis of medical images. Artificial neural network technology has made significant progress in image processing based on the multimodal MR attributes of each pixel in MR images. However, with the generation of large-scale data, there are few studies on the rapid processing of large-scale MRI data. To address this deficiency, we present a fast radial basis function artificial neural network (Fast-RBF) algorithm. The importance of our efforts is as follows: (1) The proposed algorithm achieves fast processing of large-scale image data by introducing the ε-insensitive loss function, the structural risk term, and the core-set principle. We apply this algorithm to the identification of specific target areas in MR images. (2) For each abdominal MRI case, we use four MR sequences (fat, water, in-phase (IP), and opposed-phase (OP)) and the position coordinates (x, y) of each pixel as the input of the algorithm. We use three classifiers to identify the liver and kidneys in the MR images. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves a higher precision in the recognition of specific regions of medical images and has better adaptability in the case of large-scale datasets than the traditional RBF algorithm.
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Suntari, NLP Yunianti, and A. A. Sri Wahyuni. "KEGIATAN PENDIDIKAN: SOSIALISASI, PENGUATAN, SKRINING DAN PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG PADA MASYARAKAT URBAN KOTA DENPASAR." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Wahana Usada 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47859/wuj.v2i2.182.
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Background : Tourism in Bali is also followed by positive and negative impacts on the Balinese people. The positive impact is such as the large number of jobs that are able to absorb labor, while the negative impact is the emergence of social issues such as human trafficking which can threaten the young generation of Bali. Method : Activities by providing education about human trafficking. And provide life skills training. Target adolescents, both those who attend school and drop out of school. Result : Lentera Anak Bali (LAB) is an independent non-profit organization engaged in child protection to obtain their rights. LAB sees the importance of these children’s problems by involving the local government, social services, education offices, health offices and community leaders. In an effort to build awareness of the vulnerability of these children and make preventive education efforts against the possibility of being caught in human trafficking, by conducting outreach to officials, the caring community, and the youth themselves. These adolescents are given education on safe life skills (free of prostitution), understanding of human trafficking, education on health and welfare, and examination of reproductive organs. With this facilitation, it is hoped that they can protect themselves and become counselors for their teenage friends. Conclusion : this activity can increase public understanding of the danger of human trafficking. (1) There is a group of young urban workers who receive assistance from the human trafficking prevention team. (2) Youth groups who received training on safe life skills (prostitution free), understanding of human trafficking, health education, and examination of reproductive organs. Key words : human trafficking, child protection.
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Hiramatsu, Hidefumi, Ryuta Nishikomori, Toshio Heike, Mamoru Ito, Kimio Kobayashi, Kenji Katamura, and Tatsutoshi Nakahata. "Complete reconstitution of human lymphocytes from cord blood CD34+ cells using the NOD/SCID/γcnull mice model." Blood 102, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-09-2755.
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Abstract Establishment of an assay capable of generating all classes of human lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) will provide new insight into the mechanism of human lymphopoiesis. We report ontogenic, functional, and histologic examination results of reconstituted human lymphocytes in NOD/SCID/ γcnull mice after the transplantation of human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells. After transplantation, human B, natural killer (NK), and T cells were invariably identified in these mice, even though no human tissues were cotransplanted. Immature B cells resided mainly in bone marrow (BM), whereas mature B cells with surface immunoglobulins were preferentially found in spleen. NK cells were identified in BM and spleen. T cells were observed in various lymphoid organs, but serial examinations after transplantation confirmed human T lymphopoiesis occurring in the thymus. These human lymphocytes were also functionally competent. Human immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG were detected in the sera of these mice. T cells showed a diverse repertoire of T-cell–receptor Vβ (TCR Vβ) chains, proliferated in response to phytohemagglutinin, and were cytotoxic against cell lines. NK activity was demonstrated using the K562 cell line. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that human lymphocytes formed organized structures in spleen and thymus that were analogous to those seen in humans. In the thymus, CD4 and CD8 double-positive T cells were predominant and coexpressed CD1a and Ki-67, thereby supporting the notion that T lymphopoiesis was taking place. NOD/SCID/ γcnull mice provide a unique model to investigate human lymphopoiesis without the cotransplantation of human tissues.
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Ketola, Juuso H. J., Helinä Heino, Mikael A. K. Juntunen, Miika T. Nieminen, Samuli Siltanen, and Satu I. Inkinen. "Generative adversarial networks improve interior computed tomography angiography reconstruction." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 7, no. 6 (October 29, 2021): 065041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac31cb.
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Abstract In interior computed tomography (CT), the x-ray beam is collimated to a limited field-of-view (FOV) (e.g. the volume of the heart) to decrease exposure to adjacent organs, but the resulting image has a severe truncation artifact when reconstructed with traditional filtered back-projection (FBP) type algorithms. In some examinations, such as cardiac or dentomaxillofacial imaging, interior CT could be used to achieve further dose reductions. In this work, we describe a deep learning (DL) method to obtain artifact-free images from interior CT angiography. Our method employs the Pix2Pix generative adversarial network (GAN) in a two-stage process: (1) An extended sinogram is computed from a truncated sinogram with one GAN model, and (2) the FBP reconstruction obtained from that extended sinogram is used as an input to another GAN model that improves the quality of the interior reconstruction. Our double GAN (DGAN) model was trained with 10 000 truncated sinograms simulated from real computed tomography angiography slice images. Truncated sinograms (input) were used with original slice images (target) in training to yield an improved reconstruction (output). DGAN performance was compared with the adaptive de-truncation method, total variation regularization, and two reference DL methods: FBPConvNet, and U-Net-based sinogram extension (ES-UNet). Our DGAN method and ES-UNet yielded the best root-mean-squared error (RMSE) (0.03 ± 0.01), and structural similarity index (SSIM) (0.92 ± 0.02) values, and reference DL methods also yielded good results. Furthermore, we performed an extended FOV analysis by increasing the reconstruction area by 10% and 20%. In both cases, the DGAN approach yielded best results at RMSE (0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.04 ± 0.01 for the 10% and 20% cases, respectively), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) (30.5 ± 2.6 dB and 28.6 ± 2.6 dB), and SSIM (0.90 ± 0.02 and 0.87 ± 0.02). In conclusion, our method was able to not only reconstruct the interior region with improved image quality, but also extend the reconstructed FOV by 20%.
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Darr, A., J. H. Schierz, E. Schleußner, S. Wiegand, T. Opfermann, and M. Freesmeyer. "3D ultrasound DICOM data of the thyroid gland." Nuklearmedizin 51, no. 03 (2012): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0471-12-01.
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SummaryPurpose: It has recently become possible to generate and archive three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) volume data with the DICOM standard Enhanced Ultrasound Volume Storage (EUVS). The objective of this study was to examine the application of the EUVS standard based on the example of thyroid ultrasound. Patients, methods: 32 patients, who were referred for thyroid diagnosis, were given a 3D-US examination of the thyroid gland (GE Voluson E8, convex 3D probe RAB4–8-D). The 3D data sets were exported to EUVS. Necessary additions to DICOM entries and transformation into an established DICOM standard were carried out. The visual assessment and volume measurements were performed by two experts on nuclear medicine using standard software in our hospital. Results: In 24/32 (75%) of the patients, the whole organ was successfully recorded in a single 3D scan; in 8/32 (25%), only part of organ could be covered. In all cases, 3D-US data could be exported and archived. After supplementing the DICOM entry Patient Orientation and transformation into the DICOM PET format, 3D-US data could be displayed in the correct orientation and size at any viewing workstation and any web browser-based PACS viewer. Afterwards, 3D processing such as multiplanar reformation, volumetric measurements and image fusion with data of other cross sectional modalities could be performed. The intraclass correlation of the volume measurements was 0,94 and the interobserver variability was 5.7%. Conclusion: EUVS allows the generation, distribution and archiving of 3D-US data of the thyroid, facilitates a second reading by another physician and creates conditions for advanced 3D processing using routine software
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Palmisano, Tiago, Tina Bocker Edmonston, Thomas Holdbrook, and Shuyue Ren. "A Rare Case of Multifocal Asynchronous Benign Granular Cell Tumors with PIK3CA Subclonal Mutation Identified in One Tumor by Next-Generation Sequencing." Case Reports in Pathology 2023 (January 24, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2932512.
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Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a benign neuroectodermal tumor typically in the dermis or subcutis, although deep soft tissues and organs are occasionally involved. Multifocal GCTs are estimated to occur as many as 10% of patients. A 40-year-old female presented with multiple GCTs asynchronously involving various body sites including gastrointestinal, gynecologic, breast, urinary, and soft tissue systems. Pathologic examinations suggested benign GCTs. TruSight Tumor 170 next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis performed on four resected tumors revealed subclonal mutation of PIK3CA p.H1047R identified in the esophageal GCT but not in the right vulva or the two cecal GCTs, suggesting that each is a primary tumor with a distinct genetic profile, rather than metastasis. PIK3CA p.H1047R is a common mutation in many cancers. Our benign GCT case demonstrates PIK3CA mutation with a low mutant allele frequency of 7%, which may represent an evolving subclone and might confer a more aggressive behavior.
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Harit, Tarik, Reda Bellaouchi, Chakib Mokhtari, Brahim El Bali, Abdeslam Asehraou, and Fouad Malek. "New generation of tetrapyrazolic macrocycles: Synthesis and examination of their complexation properties and antibacterial activity." Tetrahedron 73, no. 34 (August 2017): 5138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.006.
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Abrams, Simon Timothy, Dunhao Su, Yasmina Sahraoui, Yasir Alhamdi, Guozheng Wang, and Cheng Hock Toh. "Histones Bind Prothrombin to Generate Alternative Prothrombinase Complexes That Can Disseminate Intravascular Coagulation." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116117.
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Abstract Background: Increased thrombin generation in vivo is pivotal to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Typically, thrombin is generated when the prothrombinase complex, composed of activated factor X (FXa), activated co-factor V (FVa) and phospholipids, cleaves prothrombin in the presence of calcium. In critical illness, extensive cell death releases histones into the circulation, which can increase thrombin generation. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remains to be fully elucidated. Methods: In vitro: Isolation of histone-binding proteins with mass spectrometry analysis. Surface plasmon resonance binding studies, prothrombin cleavage and thrombin generation assays. In vivo: histone infusion mouse models (C57BL/6 mice) with or without prothrombin fragment F1+F2 infusion. Clinical: a prospective cohort of 129 adult intensive care unit patients (ICU) with sepsis and analysed for DIC. Results: Histone-conjugated Sepharose beads were used to pull down proteins from human plasma. Histone-binding proteins were subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis and sequenced by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Prothrombin was the only coagulation factor identified. Histones directly bind to prothrombin (H3 [Kd = 6.8 x 107 M] and H4 [Kd = 7.0 x 107 M]), specifically prothrombin fragments F1+F2, to facilitate FXa-induced prothrombin cleavage and thrombin generation (H4 [12.25 ± 1.25 fold] and H3 [8.82 ± 0.67 fold]). FXa levels are the limiting factor of histone-enhanced thrombin generation since this process was inhibited in FX-deficient plasma unless exogenous FXa was added. Specifically, using either heparin or anti-histone antibodies to block histones, histone-prothrombin interactions, prothrombin cleavage and subsequent thrombin generation were significantly reduced. Unlike FVa which requires a phospholipid surface to form functional prothrombinase complexes, histones can substitute for FVa in the absence of phospholipids. The addition of histones to FV-deficient plasma restored thrombin generation, suggesting that histones can bypass FVa to induce thrombin generation. In vivo, infusion of histones into mice caused significant decreases in platelet counts and fibrinogen levels with elevations in thrombin-antithrombin complexes, D-dimer and prothrombin time in a dose-dependent manner. Pathological examination indicated intravascular thrombi with various organs, particularly in within lung tissues. These histone-induced DIC changes were significantly abrogated when prothrombin fragments F1+F2 were infused prior to histones to act as a decoy for binding of histones to circulating prothrombin. Analysis of DIC scores in ICU patients (n=129) with sepsis showed circulating histone levels to strongly correlate with DIC scores (r=0.446, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Histones can replace FVa in prothrombinase and not require phospholipid surfaces. This alternative histone-assembled prothrombinase can explain how thrombin could be generated and amplified away from cell surfaces to cause systemic dissemination of its effects and potentiate DIC. This study also identifies circulating histones as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in reducing DIC development and subsequent multi-organ failure in ICU patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Barnabé, Nathanael Natércio da Costa, José Romero Alexandre Alves, Areano Ethério Moreira de Farias, Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves, Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins, Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro, Sérgio Santos de Azevedo, and Clebert José Alves. "Semina: Ciências Agrárias USER You are logged in as... seminagra My Journals My Profile Log Out LANGUAGE Select Language English JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Scope All Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians Journal Help OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS HOME ABOUT USER HOME SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES AUTHOR GUIDELINE REGISTER INDEXERS JOURNALS PORTAL UEL Home > Vol 41, No 6 (2020) > Barnabé Assessment of caseous lymphadenitis in goats in a slaughterhouse in the Brazilian semi-arid region and estimates of economic losses due to carcass condemnation." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 6 (September 19, 2020): 2655–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2655.
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Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by the pathogenic bacterium, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, results in economic loss in goat farming. Its prevalence in Brazilian herds varies from 5 to 50%, generating expenses with treatment, loss in production, carcass and organ condemnation, and reduced price of the hide. This study aimed to describe the distribution of lesions and quantify the loss associated with CLA in goat breeding due to condemnation in a slaughterhouse located in a semiarid region. The study was conducted at the municipal slaughterhouse of the city of Patos, State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, where goats from this intermediate geographical region are slaughtered. In 2017, 3,662 animals were slaughtered, an average of 305 per month. During the study period, from March to August 2017, 304 goats of both sexes and different ages of undefined breed were assessed. In the ante-mortem examination, inspection and palpation of the superficial lymph nodes was done; in the post-mortem examination, organ and viscera were assessed. The caseous material collected was sent for microbiological analysis. Of the 304 individuals, 227 [74.67% (95% CI: 69.50-79.23)] did not have any lesions, while 77 [25.33% (95% CI: 20.77-30.50)] showed abscesses suggestive of CLA, which was confirmed in 65 goats [84.41% (95% CI: 76.30-92.50)]. Sex (P = 0.044) and age (P = 0.002) were associated with infection. While the sex of the animals affected carcass and viscera weights and carcass yield, their age affected live weight, carcass, organ, and viscera weights; conversely, the incidence of CLA did not affect these variables. The average price in Real (R$) of a kilogram (kg) of goat meat cuts and "offal" was used to calculate the economic loss. Considering the average carcass weight (11,485 kg), organ weight (1,085 kg), and viscera weight (2,013 kg), 4,433.232 kg of meat was produced, resulting in R$ 72,945.43. The condemnations resulted in the loss of 269.894 kg, which is equivalent to R$ 4,540.33. CLA is responsible for a negative impact of 6.09% on production. Implementing control measures for this disease is important to increase the financial return in goat farming.
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Bhutada, Ekta, Timothy Pyragius, Scott G. Petersen, Frans Niemann, and Admire Matsika. "Perinatal Lethal Gaucher Disease due to RecNcil Recombinant Mutation in the GBA Gene Presenting with Hydrops Fetalis and Severe Congenital Anemia." Case Reports in Pathology 2018 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2549451.
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A 35-year-old woman presented at 27-week gestation with hypertension and pedal edema. Antenatal scan showed hydrops fetalis and growth restriction. Cordocentesis showed severe fetal anemia. This was treated with multiple in utero blood transfusions with no clinically significant improvement and intrauterine death occurred at 28 weeks. Perinatal autopsy confirmed severe hydrops with hepatosplenomegaly and visceral effusions. Microscopic examination of the reticuloendothelial organs showed widespread infiltration by large mono- and multinucleate histiocytic cells with fibrillary appearance (“Gaucher cells”). DNA extracted from fetal tissue was submitted for analysis by next generation sequencing which revealed homozygosity for the RecNcil mutation in the GBA gene. Both parents were found to be heterozygous for the variant. The case report highlights a severe form of Gaucher disease with histopathological and molecular confirmation that presents with hydrops fetalis and severe refractory anemia. It also emphasizes the importance of perinatal autopsy coupled with exome sequencing in confirming syndromic diagnosis in the modern area.
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Noël, Peter B., Stephan Engels, Thomas Köhler, Daniela Muenzel, Daniela Franz, Michael Rasper, Ernst J. Rummeny, Martin Dobritz, and Alexander A. Fingerle. "Evaluation of an iterative model-based CT reconstruction algorithm by intra-patient comparison of standard and ultra-low-dose examinations." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 10 (January 10, 2018): 1225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117752551.
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Background The explosive growth of computer tomography (CT) has led to a growing public health concern about patient and population radiation dose. A recently introduced technique for dose reduction, which can be combined with tube-current modulation, over-beam reduction, and organ-specific dose reduction, is iterative reconstruction (IR). Purpose To evaluate the quality, at different radiation dose levels, of three reconstruction algorithms for diagnostics of patients with proven liver metastases under tumor follow-up. Material and Methods A total of 40 thorax–abdomen–pelvis CT examinations acquired from 20 patients in a tumor follow-up were included. All patients were imaged using the standard-dose and a specific low-dose CT protocol. Reconstructed slices were generated by using three different reconstruction algorithms: a classical filtered back projection (FBP); a first-generation iterative noise-reduction algorithm (iDose4); and a next generation model-based IR algorithm (IMR). Results The overall detection of liver lesions tended to be higher with the IMR algorithm than with FBP or iDose4. The IMR dataset at standard dose yielded the highest overall detectability, while the low-dose FBP dataset showed the lowest detectability. For the low-dose protocols, a significantly improved detectability of the liver lesion can be reported compared to FBP or iDose4 ( P = 0.01). The radiation dose decreased by an approximate factor of 5 between the standard-dose and the low-dose protocol. Conclusion The latest generation of IR algorithms significantly improved the diagnostic image quality and provided virtually noise-free images for ultra-low-dose CT imaging.
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Islam, Hina, Irfan Sharif Shakoori, Fauzia Aslam, Gohar Ashraf, and Hammad Akram. "Examination of Air Pollution’s Relationship with COVID-19, Physical and Mental Health." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jim-2020-0027.
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Abstract Air pollution is a result of natural phenomena or human activities that can cause the release of harmful substances in the environment, leading to adverse health outcomes among living beings. Pollution is associated with adverse health impacts on multiple organ systems among humans. While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are mainly affected, there are other health issues related to the eyes, skin, brain, blood, immunity, behavioral/mental well-being, and reproduction among exposed individuals. Air pollutants can especially have higher health impacts on people at the extremes of their ages (children and elderly) and on those suffering from underlying respiratory and heart issues. Pollutants such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen dioxide have respiratory effects among children and adults and are associated with increased respiratory diseases, asthma exacerbations, and related hospitalizations. Carbon monoxide interferes with transporting oxygen by forming carboxyhemoglobin leading to cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory problems. Particulate matter is a heterogeneous mixture of tiny particles of varying compositions found in the atmosphere and has a wide variety of severe health effects. Particulate matter emits from combustion, diesel engines, power generation, and wood-burning, and certain industrial activities. Lead is considered neurotoxic and has more severe consequences among children. Here we summarize characteristics of six criteria air pollutants and associated air quality risk assessment parameters known as the Pollutant Standard Index (PSI). The present manuscript also examines the impact of air pollution on human behavior, mental well-being, and neurological health consequences, as air pollution has been associated with cognitive decline, hyperactivity, dementia, anxiety, depression, aggression, and Alzheimer’s disease-related changes. Lastly, we also attempt to look into any relationship between air pollutants and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and examine its possible association with a higher COVID-19 incidence, complications, and mortality.
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Zhang, Xiaokui K., J. Mark Parnis, Errol G. Lewars, and Raymond E. March. "FTIR spectroscopic investigation of matrix-isolated isomerization and decomposition products of ionized acetone: generation and characterization of 1-propen-2-ol." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-031.
Full textAbstract:
An electron bombardment – matrix isolation apparatus was used to generate and isolate products from acetone isomerization and decomposition for infrared spectroscopic examination. Bombardment of a dilute acetone/argon gas mixture (1:400) above a 12 K matrix isolation substrate leads to the direct observation of neutral fragmentation and isomerization products. A major product is 1-propen-2-ol, the enolic tautomer of acetone, whose IR absorption spectrum, and that of its perdeutero analog, are interpreted with the aid of ab initio computations. The observation of matrix-isolated decomposition products of acetone such as acetyl radicals, ketene, methane, and CH3• is interpreted in terms of ion and neutral decomposition processes occurring in the gas phase above the matrix surface and during matrix condensation. The detection of matrix-isolated 1-propen-2-ol is consistent with a process involving acetone ionization, isomerization, neutralization, and stabilization, an approach that may have general utility in the generation of other thermodynamically unfavourable neutral isomers of organic molecules. Keywords: enol, isomerization, acetone, infrared, ionization, 1-propen-2-ol.
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Willenbring, Robin, Isaraphorn Pratumchai, Kristi Marquardt, Kerri A. Mowen, John R. Teijaro, and Linda A. Sherman. "Autoimmune Risk Allele of PTPN22 influences early events post viral infection." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 183.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.183.1.
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Abstract The PTPN22 alternative allele, PTPN22 1858T, is present in 5–10% of the North American population and is considered the highest autoimmune, non-HLA, risk allele. Extensive work has been done to better understand this allele in the context of autoimmune disorders. However, the role of PTPN22 1858T in the context of viral infection remains incompletely defined. Our lab has previously defined a role for Ptpn22 in generating T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. Yet, the mechanism by which it is acting and how the alternative allele effects T cell exhaustion remains unknown. To directly determine this we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to independently generate mice expressing the human-relevant Ptpn22 alternative allele. Using the well-established LCMV-cl13 infection model in our mice, we tested the hypothesis that pleiotropic effects of Ptpn22 contributes to T cell exhaustion and chronic viral infection. We address this through examination of the role of Ptpn22 in numerous immune cells contributing to viral clearance in vivo. Since early events post-infection drastically influence persistent viral infection we began our studies characterizing splenic organization, cytokines, immune cell infiltration of target organs, and viral load at 1 and 3 days post infection in our mice. Next, we further define how the Ptpn22 alternative allele effects APC functions required for proper anti-viral immune response. Lastly, we determine the state of viral clearance and T cell exhaustion at late time points post-infection in our system. Results of these studies give valuable insight into the role of Ptpn22 in multiple immune cell types that contribute to chronic viral infection and T cell exhaustion.
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Martins, Francisco A., and Matheus P. Freitas. "An examination of the relationship between molecular dipole moment and blood-gas partition for common anaesthetic gases." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 19, no. 30 (2021): 6665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ob01067k.
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The overall molecular dipole moments calculated for some common fluorinated anaesthetics correlate with the respective blood-gas partition. This finding may aid the design of novel last-generation anaesthetics.
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Johanis, Johanis, and Juli Soemarsono. "COLD AGGLUTININ PADA PENDERITA COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 18, no. 3 (October 14, 2016): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v18i3.379.
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Cold agglutinins at below physiologic body temperature can cause spontaneous agglutinations of erythrocytes. Cold agglutinins result from a particular antibodies activation on erythrocytes associated with a primary disease, including infection. The generation of antibody activates complement resulting in hemolysis. A 63-year-old man suffered from shortness of breath accompanied with productive cough, fever, right chest pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and occasionally vomiting. Physical examination showed an increase of pulse rate, respiration rate, and body temperature. Lung examination showed right intercostals retraction and rales in both lungs, but no abnormality detected in other organs. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia. EDTA whole blood showed spontaneous agglutinations at room temperature, however this did not occur by maintaining temperature at 37° C. Different complete blood count results were shown between agglutinated blood and absent of agglutination blood samples. As anti-I, anti-i, and/or anti-H was suspected, agglutinations for anti-A and anti-AB occurred by using ABO forward grouping test, whereas reverse grouping showed agglutinations for A, B, and O cells. Protein electrophoresis showed increase of alpha- 1 and gamma globulin; decrease of renal function; slightly increase of indirect bilirubin; and suspected Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae. The diagnosis of this case was community acquired pneumonia and suspected ESBL. Cold agglutinins affected CBC evaluations mostly shown in the erithrocyte index, nevertheless this could prevented by maintaining at physiologic body temperature. Infection could induce activation of cold agglutinins.
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Coulter, Steve. "Cyborgs in the panopticon." Teknokultura. Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales 16, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/tekn.51998.
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The pervasive and incessant use of smartphones by adolescents has created a generation of cyborgs, as if they have acquired a new sense organ or appendage, and has radically changed for them what it means to be human. Their constant connection to cyberspace facilitates what Foucault called “the means of correct training”: hierarchical observation, normalizing judgement, and the examination. The effectiveness of these methods of social control has been exponentially increased as observation is now both hierarchical and horizontal, normalizing judgement is accomplished efficiently through social media, and the examination is a continuous process occurring online. Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon is no longer an imaginary architectural edifice, but instead an online hive-mind with each smartphone acting as a mobile node in a surveillance system. The prescient science fiction series, Star Trek, foresaw these developments in their portrayal of the Borg, a collective of interlinked humanoid drones intent on assimilating all the other races in the universe through the addition of cybernetic enhancements. Are we becoming cyborg drones trapped in an online web of addiction and consumption, subtly surveilled, certainly manipulated, and perhaps even controlled by our prized panopticon appendages? Or will we use our technological connectivity to revolutionize the way we live on Earth and create a sustainable future?
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Procházková, Dagmar, Romana Borská, Lenka Fajkusová, Petra Konečná, Eliška Hloušková, Zdeněk Pavlovský, Ondřej Slabý, and Šárka Pospíšilová. "Two Novel Mutations in the JAG1 Gene in Pediatric Patients with Alagille Syndrome: The First Case Series in Czech Republic." Diagnostics 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060983.
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Background: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a highly variable multisystem disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetration. The disorder is caused by mutations in the JAG1 gene, only rarely in the NOTCH2 gene, which gives rise to malformations in multiple organs. Bile duct paucity is the main characteristic feature of the disease. Methods: Molecular-genetic examination of genes JAG1 and NOTCH2 in four probands of Czech origin who complied with the diagnostic criteria of ALGS was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing of genes JAG1 and NOTCH2. Segregation of variants in a family was assessed by Sanger sequencing of parental DNA. Results: Mutations in the JAG1 gene were confirmed in all four probands. We identified two novel mutations: c.3189dupG and c.1913delG. Only in one case, the identified JAG1 mutation was de novo. None of the parents carrying JAG1 pathogenic mutation was diagnosed with ALGS. Conclusion: Diagnosis of the ALGS is complicated due to the absence of clear genotype-phenotype correlations and the extreme phenotypic variability in the patients even within the same family. This fact is of particular importance in connection to genetic counselling and prenatal genetic testing.
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Thompson, Linda F., Holger K. Eltzschig, Juan C. Ibla, C. Justin Van De Wiele, Regina Resta, Julio C. Morote-Garcia, and Sean P. Colgan. "Crucial Role for Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) in Vascular Leakage during Hypoxia." Journal of Experimental Medicine 200, no. 11 (December 6, 2004): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040915.
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Extracellular adenosine has been widely implicated in adaptive responses to hypoxia. The generation of extracellular adenosine involves phosphohydrolysis of adenine nucleotide intermediates, and is regulated by the terminal enzymatic step catalyzed by ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73). Guided by previous work indicating that hypoxia-induced vascular leakage is, at least in part, controlled by adenosine, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the third coding exon of Cd73 to test the hypothesis that CD73-generated extracellular adenosine functions in an innate protective pathway for hypoxia-induced vascular leakage. Cd73−/− mice bred and gained weight normally, and appeared to have an intact immune system. However, vascular leakage was significantly increased in multiple organs, and after subjection to normobaric hypoxia (8% O2), Cd73−/− mice manifested fulminant vascular leakage, particularly prevalent in the lung. Histological examination of lungs from hypoxic Cd73−/− mice revealed perivascular interstitial edema associated with inflammatory infiltrates surrounding larger pulmonary vessels. Vascular leakage secondary to hypoxia was reversed in part by adenosine receptor agonists or reconstitution with soluble 5′-nucleotidase. Together, our studies identify CD73 as a critical mediator of vascular leakage in vivo.
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Karabalayeva, Aiman Beisembayevna, Saltanat Zharylkasynovna Ibadullayeva, and Abilova Sholpan Beisembaevna. "Monitoring of the Visual System of Students in the Southern Region of Kazakhstan and the Implementation of the Results in the Methods of Teaching Biology." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijer.v3i2.14580.
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The deterioration of the health of the visual system of students, registered in modern conditions in the Republic of Kazakhstan, indicates the need to introduce constant monitoring of the health of the visual system of the younger generation living in poor environmental conditions. However, studies on monitoring the growth of eye diseases in students of the southern regions of Kazakhstan, which are necessary for conducting appropriate monitoring, are currently lacking. In this regard, the goal was set to conduct a study among students of biological specialties, as future teachers of biology, on the knowledge of the problems of the visual system as a basis for the subsequent introduction of a methodology to improve the dynamics of growth of eye diseases in students into the course of Human Physiology. Monitoring of the visual system of students, consisting of a questionnaire and a medical examination, revealed the attitude of students to their health and the main pathologies of the organ of vision.
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Fukushima, S., and A. Freyberger. "Simple, rapid assays for conventional definite testing of endocrine disruptor hazard: Summary and recommendations." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112479.
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Study protocols for the characterization of endocrine active compounds presented in Workshop 4 included the enhanced Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline (TG) 407, the medium-term rat liver and rat multi-organ carcinogenicity assays, and an enhanced one-generation reproduction study. The outcome of rat studies on flutamide and ethinylestradiol indicated that these strongly active compounds can readily be detected even with a low animal number using the enhanced OECD TG 407. Both newly added (such as male accessory sex organ weights, histology of pituitary, vagina and male mammary gland) and already included parameters contributed to the detection of endocrine effects. Thorough evaluation of the results of 20 studies conducted with 10 compounds thought to interfere with the endocrine system by different mechanisms will identify the most appropriate enhancements to the current OECD TG 407. Medium-term rat liver and rat multi-organ carcinogenicity assays are well recognized in the International Conferences on Harmonization for Pharmaceutical Chemicals. They have been successfully used to detect carcinogenic and modifying potentials of new chemicals within a relatively short time and can be applied to endocrine active compounds. Dose-response studies on nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and styrene using the rat liver carcinogenicity assay did not reveal effects of any of these compounds on the development of preneoplastic lesions in rat liver. The enhanced one-generation reproduction study protocol included treatment of pregnant female rats from gestation day 0 through to lactation day 21, and examination of all offspring. Half of the animals were necropsied at weaning, the remaining animals were examined for vaginal opening, preputial separation, estrous cyclicity, and sperm characteristics and were necropsied at adulthood. In a pilot study ethinylestradiol inhibited maternal fertility at dose levels similar to those effective in the uterotrophic assay. It is recommended to rapidly evaluate the conducted enhanced OECD TG 407 studies and to enhance the current OECD TG 407 appropriately. Further compounds with different mechanisms of action should be studied in the one-generation reproduction study to further investigate the usefulness of this protocol. The established medium-term carcinogenicity assays can be used to study carcinogenic potential rapidly. Use of female animals and inclusion of carcinogens targeting at breast and uterus should be considered in order to explore further the predictibility of this model.
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Long, Cheng-Yu, Chiu-Lin Wang, Ming-Ping Wu, Chin-Hu Wu, Kun-Ling Lin, Cheng-Min Liu, Eing-Mei Tsai, and Ching-Ju Shen. "Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Using “Elevate Anterior” versus “Perigee” System Devices for the Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/479610.
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Objective.This study aims to compare clinical outcomes using the Perigee versus Elevate anterior devices for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Study Design.One hundred and forty-one women with POP stages II to IV were scheduled for either Perigee (n=91) or Elevate anterior device (n=50). Preoperative and postoperative assessments included pelvic examination, urodynamic study, and a personal interview about quality of life and urinary symptoms.Results.Despite postoperative point C of Elevate group being significantly deeper than the Perigee group (median: −7.5 versus −6;P<0.01), the 1-year success rates for two groups were comparable (P>0.05). Apart from urgency incontinence, women with advanced POP experienced significant resolution of irritating and obstructive symptoms after both procedures (P<0.05), generating the improvement in postoperative scores of Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) (P<0.01). On urodynamics, only the residual urine decreased significantly following these two procedures (P<0.05). Women undergoing Perigee mesh experienced significantly higher visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and vaginal extrusion rates compared with the Elevate anterior procedure (P<0.05).Conclusions.With comparable success rates, the Elevate procedure has advantages over the Perigee surgery with lower extrusion rate and postoperative day 1 VAS scores.
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Ebrahim, Nesrine, Omnia A. M. Badr, Mohamed M. Yousef, Amira Hassouna, Dina Sabry, Ayman Samir Farid, Ola Mostafa, et al. "Functional Recellularization of Acellular Rat Liver Scaffold by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Molecular Evidence for Wnt/B-Catenin Upregulation." Cells 10, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10112819.
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Background. Liver transplantation remains the only viable therapy for liver failure but has a severely restricted utility. Here, we aimed to decellularize rat livers to form acellular 3D bio-scaffolds suitable for seeding with induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) as a tool to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver development and generation. Methods. Dissected rat livers were randomly divided into three groups: I (control); II (decellularized scaffolds) and III (recellularized scaffolds). Liver decellularization was established via an adapted perfusion procedure and assessed through the measurement of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and DNA content. Liver recellularization was assessed through histological examination and measurement of transcript levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, hepatogenesis, liver-specific microRNAs and growth factors essential for liver development. Adult rat liver decellularization was confirmed by the maintenance of ECM proteins and persistence of growth factors essential for liver regeneration. Results. iPSCs seeded rat decellularized livers displayed upregulated transcript expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related, growth factors, and liver specification genes. Further, recellularized livers displayed restored liver-specific functions including albumin secretion and urea synthesis. Conclusion. This establishes proof-of-principle for the generation of three-dimensional liver organ scaffolds as grafts and functional re-establishment.
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Desai, Atul, Hemshree Desai, Rutvij Desai, Ankit Merai, Maitri Kalan, Chirag Desai, and Arindam Paul. "SUB-CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF T-AYU-HMTM PREMIUM: A HERBO-MINERAL FORMULATION." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 14, no. 01 (January 30, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2022.140101.
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To perform a sub-chronic toxicity study and to generate scientific data regarding the safety profile of T-AYUHMTM Premium, a herbo-mineral formulation used for sickle cell disease. Experimental animals (Mice) were divided into six groups and were acclimatized and treated with 125 mg T-AYU-HMTM Premium/kg body weight (T1 LD), 625 mg T-AYU-HMTM Premium/kg body weight (T2 MD), and 1250 mg T-AYU-HMTM Premium/kg body weight (T3 HD) and two group of satellite daily for 90 days. 0.5% CMC was administered to the control group as a vehicle. The satellite groups were treated with 125 mg T-AYU-HMTM Premium/kg body weight (S1 LD) and 1250 mg T-AYU-HMTM Premium/kg body weight (S2 HD, 1250 mg/kg) receiving low and high dose respectively. The mice were closely observed for a clinical sign of toxicity, stereotypical behavior and alteration in autonomic activity during the entire study period. Hematological and blood biochemical parameters were observed on days 0, 60, 90. Motor coordination activity and sensory stimuli assessment were performed after the 11th week. At the termination of the study, all animals were sacrificed, and organs such as the heart, brain, kidney, liver, etc., were collected and observed for histopathology. There was no change in the normal gross behavior of animals in the sensory and motor assessment activity in the treatment group compared to the control group. Evaluation of hematological parameters shows a significant increase in red blood corpuscles. Histopathological examination of various organs shows a normal architecture in all the treated groups. T-AYU-HMTM Premium was found to be safe on repeat dose oral administration in NOAEL, dose up to 1250 mg/kg body weight when administered orally for 90 days in both the sexes of Swiss Albino mice.
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Boni, Raffaele, and Stefano Cecchini Gualandi. "Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endometritis: Exploiting Knowledge Gained in Mares and Cows." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182403.
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The etiopathogenesis of endometritis in mares and cows differs significantly; this could depend on a different sensitivity and reactivity of the uterus but also on endocrine and rearing factors and different stress sources. In both species, microorganisms and the immune system play a primary role in the generation of this pathology. Microbiological and cytological tests support clinical examination and significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. For both species, during the inflammation, immune cells invade the endometrium and release bioactive substances to contrast primary or secondary pathogen contamination. These molecules are traceable to cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), collectively known as RONS. The RONS-mediated oxidation causes morphological and functional alterations of macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, with the consequent production of derivative compounds capable of playing harmful effects. These bioactive molecules and by-products, which have recently become increasingly popular as diagnostic biomarkers, enter the bloodstream, influencing the functionality of organs and tissues. This review has collected and compared information obtained in cows and mares related to the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers that are assessed by using different methods in samples from either blood plasma or uterine fluid.
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Wang, Yanping, Qingbiao Wang, Wei Hao, Jianxia Li, Meixia Qi, and Li Zhang. "Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing Reveals orf463a May Induce Male Sterility in NWB Cytoplasm of Radish." Genes 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11010074.
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Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important root vegetable worldwide. The development of F1 hybrids, which are extensively used for commercial radish production, relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To identify candidate genes responsible for CMS in NWB cytoplasm, we sequenced the normal and NWB CMS radish mitochondrial genomes via next-generation sequencing. A comparative analysis revealed 18 syntenic blocks and 11 unique regions in the NWB CMS mitogenome. A detailed examination indicated that orf463a was the most likely causal factor for male sterility in NWB cytoplasm. Interestingly, orf463a was identical to orf463, which is responsible for CMS in Dongbu cytoplasmic and genic male sterility (DCGMS) radish. Moreover, only structural variations were detected between the NWB CMS and DCGMS mitochondrial genomes, with no nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or meaningful indels. Further analyses revealed these two mitochondrial genomes are coexisting isomeric forms belonging to the same mitotype. orf463a was more highly expressed in flower buds than in vegetative organs and its expression was differentially regulated in the presence of restorer of fertility (Rf) genes. orf463a was confirmed to originate from Raphanus raphanistrum. In this study, we identified a candidate gene responsible for the CMS in NWB cytoplasm and clarified the relationship between NWB CMS and DCGMS.
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Annisa, Bambang Satoto, and Siti Masrochah. "PERBEDAAN SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) ANTARA SEKUENS PDW_SPAIR (SPECTRAL ADIABATIC INVERSION RECOVERY) DENGAN SEKUENS PDW_FATSAT(FAT SATURATION) PADA PEMERIKSAAN MRI KNEE JOINT POTONGAN SAGITAL." Journal of STIKes Awal Bros Pekanbaru 1, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54973/jsabp.v1i1.18.
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Background : In some cases, an MRI exam have difficulty distinguishing fat and soft tissue around. Fat is often a source of problems in MRI, because fat around many anatomical structures, but not well constrained. Spair and Fatsat is a technique used to suppress the fat signal. Signal To Noise Ratio (SNR) is an influential factor in a lot of quality MRI image. This study aims to determine the difference in value SNR between sequences PDW_SPAIR and PDW_Fatsat MRI Knee Joint Pieces Sagittal.
Method : This research is a quantitative study with an experimental approach. Data were collected from November to December 2016 at the Radiology Siloam Hospital Lippo Village. Data taken from the examination using MRI Knee Joint PDW_SPAIR sequences and PDW_Fatsat on 10 probandus. Data was analyzed using software measurement ROI (Region Of Interest) in the organs of articular cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and Meniscus. then calculated the value of SNR, SNR values are tested with Shapiro Wilk normality test and showed normal distribution of data is then performed statistical tests using paired T test to determine whether or not there is a difference of the two sequences.
Result : Research show that there are differences between the sequences PDW_SPAIR SNR with PDW_Fatsat MRI Knee joint with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). When viewed from the mean value of the sequence PDW_SPAIR MRI Knee joint sagittal slice generate value SNR better than PDW_Fatsat sequences with a mean of 42.10 PDW_SPAIR and a mean value of 35.14 PDW_Fatsat.
Conclusion: There is a difference Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) between PDW_SPAIR (Spectral Adiabatic Inversion Recovery) sequence with PDW_Fatsat (Fat Saturation) sequence in examination of MRI Knee Joint Sagital Pieces with a significance level of p-value 0,000 (p<0,05). PDW_SPAIR sequence is an optimal value for Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)in examination of MRI Knee Joint sagital pieces
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Baothman, Othman, Bhaa Nagaty, Mazin Zamzami, and Hasan Al-Talhi. "In vivo protective effect of cinnamon aqueous extract in carbon tetrachloride-treated male albino rats." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 43 (October 13, 2021): e52826. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v43i1.52826.
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The liver as an organ is important for the metabolism of drugs and toxins. However, it is not immune from environmental insults. Exposure of liver cells to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) results in the generation of tricholoromethyl radicals, which induce liver toxicity. This study aims at investigating the ameliorative effect of the cinnamon aqueous extract (CAE) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats through the intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mL kg-1 body weight of CCl4. The analyses of the results obtained showed significant reduction in the levels of serum biochemical markers for 400 and 600 mg kg-1 bw of CAE protected rats as compared with CCl4 group. In addition, CAE administration reversed liver tissue damaged via increased antioxidants markers. Histopathological examination of CAE treatment on rats showed improved changes to the liver damage caused by CCl4 with no evidence of steatosis and inflammation. This result hence suggests that CAE has marked hepatoprotective and healing activities against CCl4-induced liver damage and could serve as a suitable candidate in drug discovery for the treatment of liver toxicity.
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Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R., Madeleine Geiger, and Richard A. Schneider. "The taming of the neural crest: a developmental perspective on the origins of morphological covariation in domesticated mammals." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 6 (June 2016): 160107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160107.
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Studies on domestication are blooming, but the developmental bases for the generation of domestication traits and breed diversity remain largely unexplored. Some phenotypic patterns of human neurocristopathies are suggestive of those reported for domesticated mammals and disrupting neural crest developmental programmes have been argued to be the source of traits deemed the ‘domestication syndrome’. These character changes span multiple organ systems and morphological structures. But an in-depth examination within the phylogenetic framework of mammals including domesticated forms reveals that the distribution of such traits is not universal, with canids being the only group showing a large set of predicted features. Modularity of traits tied to phylogeny characterizes domesticated mammals: through selective breeding, individual behavioural and morphological traits can be reordered, truncated, augmented or deleted. Similarly, mammalian evolution on islands has resulted in suites of phenotypic changes like those of some domesticated forms. Many domesticated mammals can serve as valuable models for conducting comparative studies on the evolutionary developmental biology of the neural crest, given that series of their embryos are readily available and that their phylogenetic histories and genomes are well characterized.