Journal articles: 'Generation Y Australia'

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Lehmann, Caitlyn. "Editorial." Children Australia 42, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.44.

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Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).

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Soydas, Yasemin, and Torgeir Aleti. "Immigrant and second-generation Turkish entrepreneurs in Melbourne Australia." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2013-0185.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the key differences between first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in their path to entrepreneurship. The aim of the study is to better understand entrepreneurial motivations amongst immigrants by comparing first- and second-generation entrepreneurs in their motivation for business entry, reliance on co-ethnic market, use of social and financial capital, business planning and marketing practices. Design/methodology/approach – Using an interpretivist approach and a qualitative design, this study comprises 20 in-depth interviews with first- and second-generation Turkish entrepreneurs (TEs) in Melbourne, Australia. Turks in Australia were chosen because of their high level of entrepreneurial activity. In order to uncover deep-seeded motivations, participants were interviewed in a face-to-face format guided by a semi-structured interview guide. Findings – The second-generation TEs were distinctively different from their first-generation counterparts in motivation for business entry, business establishment and use of ethnicity. The analysis shows that although the generations differ in their approach to business establishment, they both appear to be drawn to entrepreneurship based on “pull factors”. This is in contrast with previous literature suggesting that first-generation immigrant entrepreneurs were motivated by “push factors”. Originality/value – This paper suggests that both first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs are “pulled” into entrepreneurship voluntarily. While the first-generation entrepreneurs seem to be motivated/pulled by financial reasons, the second generation are motivated by opportunity recognition, status and ambition. Nevertheless, a lack of trust in government support agency is found within both generations. Thus, outreach activities towards entrepreneurial immigrant communities may have positive effects for the economy as well as in the integration of ethnic enclaves.

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Bahfen, Nasya. "1950s vibe, 21st century audience: Australia’s dearth of on-screen diversity." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, no. 1&2 (July 31, 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1and2.479.

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The difference between how multicultural Australia is ‘in real life’ and ‘in broadcasting’ can be seen through data from the Census, and from Screen Australia’s most recent research into on screen diversity. In 2016, these sources of data coincided with the Census, which takes place every five years. Conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, this presents a ‘snapshot’ of Australian life. From the newest Census figures in 2016, it appears that nearly half of the population in Australia (49 percent) had either been born overseas (identifying as first generation Australian) or had one or both parents born overseas (identifying as second generation Australian). Nearly a third, or 32 percent, of Australians identified as having come from non-Anglo Celtic backgrounds, and 2.8 percent of Australians identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander). Nearly a fifth, or 18 percent, of Australians identify as having a disability. Screen Australia is the government agency that oversees film and TV funding and research. Conducted in 2016, Screen Australia’s study looked at 199 television dramas (fiction, excluding animation) that aired between 2011 and 2015. The comparison between these two sources of data reveals that with one exception, there is a marked disparity between diversity as depicted in the lived experiences of Australians and recorded by the Census, and diversity as depicted on screen and recorded by the Screen Australia survey.

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MILLER, PAUL W., and BARRY R. CHISWICK. "Immigrant Generation and Income in Australia." Economic Record 61, no. 2 (June 1985): 540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1985.tb02009.x.

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Maani, S. A. "Are Young First and Second Generation Immigrants at a Disadvantage in the Australian Labor Market?" International Migration Review 28, no. 4 (December 1994): 865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800411.

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This paper examines the assimilation hypothesis for young adult first-and second-generation immigrants in Australia. Models of the total weeks of unemployment and the number of spells of unemployment are examined as indicators of relative labor market conditions. The study differs from earlier work by focusing on young first- and second-generation immigrants and by utilizing information over four consecutive years of the Australian Longitudinal Survey (ALS) data, a comprehensive data set compiled for 1985–1988. The results consistently indicate that even when controlling for qualifications, both first- and second-generation immigrants are at a disadvantage. The results, however, support the hypothesis of declining disadvantage, as second-generation immigrants and those with more years in Australia had significantly more favorable conditions than recent immigrants both overall and within country of origin groups.

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McConnell, Chai H., and Christian Dorgelo. "Some economic estimates of gas-fired power generation in a carbon constrained Australia." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18093.

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The future of Australia’s electricity industry has resulted in significant debate about the mix of electricity generating technologies. The Finkel Review and ensuing National Electricity Guarantee policy discussion have revealed divisions between key stakeholders over the future generating mix between renewable and fossil fuel power generation options. A portfolio of technologies will be required, including the need for gas-fired power generation with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS), to provide dispatchable synchronous electricity. Gas Vision 2050 has stated that CCS, along with biogas and hydrogen, will be one of the three transformational technologies affecting the gas industry going forward. Through the use of a techno-economic model, the costs for a hypothetical new-build gas-fired power plant in the Hunter Valley with and without CCS were estimated. The model is cross referenced with other authoritative publications including the CO2CRC Australian Power Generation Technology Report. The model considers the base-case scenario and sensitivity analysis of key cost drivers such as the domestic gas price and labour. The results of the model will enable key energy and gas industry stakeholders to make informed decisions about the vital role of gas as a power generation technology in Australia to deliver dispatchable synchronous electricity in a carbon constrained environment.

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Salisbury, PA, DJ Ballinger, N. Wratten, KM Plummer, and BJ Howlett. "Blackleg disease on oilseed Brassica in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950665.

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Blackleg, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is the major disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia. The development of blackleg-resistant B. napus varieties has been a major factor in the resurgence of the industry nationwide. The main sources of resistance used in Australian public breeding programs are Japanese spring varieties and French winter varieties. In these programs, all early generation material is screened in field blackleg nurseries sown on, or adjacent to, infested canola stubble from the previous season. Little is known about the genetic control of resistance, and the mechanisms responsible for generating pathogenic variability of L. maculans isolates in Australia is largely uncharacterised. Australian B. napus varieties are the most blackleg-resistant spring varieties in the world. Apart from growing blackleg-resistant varieties, other strategies that minimise infection and delay any breakdown in varietal resistance include growing canola on the same area only once every 3 years, destroying stubble, and eradicating volunteer plants between cropping seasons. Additionally, strategic use of chemicals can provide effective control to supplement varietal resistance in areas prone to severe blackleg infestation.

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Feng, Chongyi. "The changing political identity of the "Overseas Chinese" in Australian Politics." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i1.1865.

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This paper explores the role played by the Chinese communities in the Australian politics of multicultural democracy from the perspective of political socialisation and resocialisation. It argues that there is no such a thing as inherent “cultural values” or “national values” that differentiate ‘the Chinese” politically from the mainstream Australian society. This paper focuses on the Chinese nationalism of Han Chinese migrants in Australia. Within the “new mainland migrants” who have come to Australia directly from the PRC since the 1980s, nationalism is much weaker among the Tiananmen/ June 4 generation who experienced pro-democracy activism during their formative years in the 1980s. Nationalism is much stronger among the Post-Tiananmen Generation who are victims of the “patriotism campaign” in the 1990s when the Chinese Communist party-state sought to replace discredited communism with nationalism as the major ideology for legitimacy.

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Haveric, Dzavid. "ANZAC Muslims." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v3i3.147.

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When the Commonwealth of Australia became immersed in two World Wars, Australian Muslims accepted the national call – they shed their blood and gave their lives for Australia’s freedom and democracy. With their Australian brothers-in-arms and allies they fought courageously with honour against their common enemies in different battlefields – but this is an almost forgotten history. Muslims in Australia were challenged by Britain’s imperial might and by their status as British subjects and ‘aliens’ to take part in ANZAC showing their commitment to their adopted country. The virtue of justice, sense of responsibility and loyalty are peculiar qualities that find their full justification in the organised welfare of Australian society. This pioneering article, based on ongoing research on ANZAC Muslims, makes known their unique contribution. It reveals historic facts about ANZAC Muslims who were members of what has come to be known as the Heroic Generation. Although their names have not appeared in history books, they achieved the glory of victory for a better future for new generations to come. Their contribution is part of Australian National Heritage – Lest we forget.

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Shea, Glenn M. "From lineages to webs: a history of the Australian Society of Herpetologists." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 6 (2014): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14095.

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The foundation of the Australian Society of Herpetologists in 1964 occurred at a time of change in Australian herpetology, as university-based herpetological studies began to spread, both within and between institutions, and a new generation of museum researchers was employed. The Society’s foundation can be traced to a single lineage of anuran research at the University of Western Australia, which flowered in the 1950s with the stimulus of new techniques and technology introduced to Australia by John Alexander Moore and then spread to the University of Melbourne and Monash University as former students established new research groups. This stimulus coincided with new zoology staff appointments, particularly of New Zealand herpetologists, at the University of Sydney and the Australian National University, all of whom began to support students working on herpetological topics. The spreading of herpetology across institutions and scientific disciplines necessitated increasing communication, provided by the Society through its newsletters and meetings, and the Society has continued to expand over the half a century of its existence, and in turn encouraged the diversification of Australian herpetological research and the training of new generations of herpetological students.

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Hookway, Nicholas, and Dan Woodman. "Beyond millennials v baby boomers: Using kindness to assess generationalism across four age cohorts in Australia." Sociological Review 69, no. 4 (May 13, 2021): 830–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380261211016280.

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Today’s young people (youth and young adults) are routinely understood in generational terms, constructed as narcissistic and selfish in comparison with their predecessors. Despite announcements of a weakening commitment to values of kindness and generosity, there is little empirical research that examines these trends. The Australian Survey of Social Attitudes shows that young people are more likely to be kind but are less likely to think most Australians are kind. This article investigates this tension using focus groups with Australians of different ages (corresponding to major generational groupings) and drawing on the sociology of generations. To differentiate between generation, period and age/life-cycle effects requires longitudinal methods. However, these qualitative data suggest that a ‘generationalist’ discourse of young people as narcissistic is powerful in Australia and that young people are both internalising and challenging this framing. They appear to be responding to common experiences of growing up with the social and economic uncertainties of an ‘until-further-notice’ world and express strong support for values of kindness and openness to difference.

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Brammer, Naomi R., and Mir-Akbar Hessami. "DECENTRALISED GENERATION IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY RELIABILITY." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2009-0003.

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Distributed or decentralised generation (DG) using advanced fossil fuel and renewable energy technologies is an attractive alternative to traditional electricity generation. Over 75% of new generating capacity installed in the Australian state of Victoria between 2000 and 2010 will be DG from gas turbines and wind farms. However, it is uncertain if this new capacity will be sufficient to maintain historic levels of electricity supply reliability. The contribution of DG to Victoria’s electricity supply in 2010 has been assessed, through analysis of modelled supply and demand data and comparisons with data from 2000. While it was assumed that new gas turbines will provide peak load and emergency generation, the role of wind farms was evaluated by considering their equivalent firm capacity estimated using statistical and probabilistic methods. Results show that all DG from gas turbines will contribute to Victoria's electricity supply in 2010, but only 4-30% of installed wind farm capacity can be considered firm or reliable. Technical performance indicators suggest that the new generating capacity will be unable to satisfy increased demand with adequate reliability. Additional base load capacity and demand reduction measures are required to ensure Victoria’s electricity supply reliability is maintained in the future.

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Peel, Jacqueline, Hari Osofsky, and Anita Foerster. "A “Next Generation” of Climate Change Litigation?: an Australian Perspective." Oñati Socio-legal Series 9, no. 9(3) (August 1, 2019): 275–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1060.

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Since conclusion of the Paris Agreement and the high-profile Urgenda case, potential new avenues for strategic climate litigation have received considerable attention in many countries, including Australia. Australia already has a substantial climate jurisprudence, primarily involving administrative challenges under environmental laws. This paper aims to examine the prospects for a “next generation” of cases focused on holding governments and corporations to account for the climate change implications of their actions. We draw on analysis of existing legal precedent and emerging cases to explore four key aspects: drivers for next generation lawsuits, potential legal avenues, and likely enablers and barriers. The paper uses the Australian experience as a case study but draws also on litigation trends globally. We find that the most fruitful strategy for future climate change litigation is likely to be one that advances lower risk cases building from the base of existing litigation, while simultaneously attempting novel approaches. Desde los Acuerdos de París y el caso Urgenda, varios países han prestado mayor atención a los litigios estratégicos sobre el clima. Australia ya tiene una notable jurisprudencia sobre el clima, especialmente en cuanto a los desafíos que para la administración suponen las leyes ambientales. Este artículo analiza las posibilidades de una “nueva generación” de casos basados en pedir responsabilidades gubernamentales y empresariales. Partimos de antecedentes jurídicos y de casos emergentes para explorar cuatro cuestiones claves: los motores para demandas judiciales, posibles vías legales, y capacitadores y obstáculos probables. Se usa la experiencia de Australia como estudio de caso, pero también se traen a colación tendencias judiciales globales. Hallamos que la estrategia más provechosa es propulsar casos de menor riesgo desde la base de los litigios existentes, a la vez que ensayar nuevos abordajes.

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Benvenuti, Andrea, and David Martin Jones. "With Friends Like These: Australia, the United States, and Southeast Asian Détente." Journal of Cold War Studies 21, no. 2 (May 2019): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00876.

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A generation of scholars has depicted the premiership of Labor Party leader Gough Whitlam as a watershed in Australian foreign policy. According to the prevailing consensus, Whitlam carved out a more independent and progressive role in international affairs without significantly endangering relations with Western-aligned states in East and Southeast Asia or with Australia's traditionally closest allies, the United States and the United Kingdom. This article takes issue with these views and offers a more skeptical assessment of Whitlam's diplomacy and questions his handling of Australia's alliance with the United States. In doing so, it shows that Whitlam, in his eagerness to embrace détente, reject containment, and project an image of an allegedly more progressive and independent Australia, in fact exacerbated tensions with Richard Nixon's Republican administration and caused disquiet among Southeast Asian countries that were aligned with or at least friendly toward the West.

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Indermaur, David, and Lynne Roberts. "Drug Courts in Australia: The First Generation." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 15, no. 2 (November 2003): 136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2003.12036286.

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Slade, Christina. "Global Media Generation Memories: Australia and Mexico." Media International Australia 101, no. 1 (November 2001): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0110100113.

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This paper compares Australian and Mexican focus groups discussing the media memories of their youth. It forms part of the Global Media Generations 2000 project, in which cohorts of three generations have been interviewed in 12 countries. The first radio, television and internet generations were asked about the media environment of their youth, about the major local and international events they recalled, and finally about a number of significant international events. This paper uses the results of two countries to argue for a version of media relativism: that the way events are remembered is in part determined by the media available.

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Wyn, Johanna, and Dan Woodman. "Generation, Youth and Social Change in Australia." Journal of Youth Studies 9, no. 5 (November 2006): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676260600805713.

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Chavan, Meena, and Rakesh Agrawal. "The Changing Role of Ethnic Entrepreneurs in Australia." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 3 (August 2002): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101299178.

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This research looks at the changing role of ethnic small business in Australia by studying three generations over a period of time. The first generation was found to be positively associated with ‘push’ motivations, and the second and third generations to be positively associated with ‘pull’ motivations. All three generations of ethnic entrepreneurs were positively associated with the use of ‘productive diversity principles’ (use of language, ethnic skills, resources and networks for economic benefit) and this study reveals that 65% of the respondents had made use of productive diversity principles for entering into and succeeding in small business. The paper demonstrates a significant motivating factor in the form of productive diversity principles.

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Lima, Monique da Rocha Queiroz, Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, and Flavia Barreto dos Santos. "Comparison of Two Generations of the Panbio Dengue NS1 Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 6 (April 27, 2011): 1031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00024-11.

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ABSTRACTWe compared two generations of Panbio (Brisbane, Australia) commercial kits for NS1 antigen capture for early diagnosis of dengue: the first-generation pan-E Dengue Early ELISA and the second-generation Dengue Early ELISA. The test improvement resulted in a highly sensitive and specific test suitable for use as a first-line test in the field.

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Duncan, Ian J. "Australia's Energy Use and Export." Energy & Environment 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830508783563163.

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Australia is dependent on fossil fuel and exports significant quantities of coal and gas. Additionally, it has major uranium reserves and is the world's second largest exporter. It has one research reactor but no nuclear power electricity generation. Until 2007, Australia declined to endorse the Kyoto Protocol but has volunteered to limit the growth of CO2 emissions. This paper considers the greenhouse debate and nuclear energy. It concludes that whether the cause of global warming is the use of fossil fuel or solar activity, the remedy is the same. Reducing CO2 in the atmosphere will allow more heat to escape to space. Reducing the use of fossil fuel will reduce atmospheric CO2. For environmental, economic and global reasons the more populated Australian states should now consider the use of nuclear powered electricity generation.

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Stanford, Jon. "Electricity generation in a carbon constrained world: the role for gas." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08049.

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In March 2009, the Australian government published draft legislation for its proposed emissions trading scheme—the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). The CPRS is the main instrument that will be employed to achieve Australia’s stated objective of greenhouse gas mitigation, together with the new renewable energy target (RET) mandating that 20% of Australia’s electricity will be provided by renewable energy by 2020. The stated objective is to achieve a 5% reduction in emissions from the year 2000–2020. The objective of a 5% reduction in emissions (identified as CPRS-5 in the Treasury modelling undertaken for Garnaut and the Australian Government) is a more modest target than scientific opinion tells us is required to achieve temperature stabilisation at a level around two degrees higher than the average level now. Yet this target has been selected on the assumption that the rest of the world does not take more substantial action. If Australia seeks to achieve more than the rest of the world there will be a negligible impact on global emissions while we will export investments and jobs to less ambitious countries. In any case, a 5% reduction in emissions from 2000 levels will be difficult to achieve in the absence of major technological change being realised before 2020. It represents a reduction from the year 2000’s levels of 25% in per capita terms, and around 25% from projections of emissions under business-as-usual assumptions. Stationary energy, mainly power generation, is responsible for about half of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions. Because this is also a sector where low emissions technologies are already available, it is expected that much of the heavy-lifting in regard to greenhouse gas mitigation will have to come from this sector. Much of the new investment in the power generation sector to 2020 will come from renewables so as to meet the RET, which equates to around 45,000 GWh of renewable generation by 2020. But what of base load generation? Apart from geothermal, that has yet to be technically and commercially proven in Australia, renewables are generally ill-suited to base load generation. Base load power in Australia has traditionally been provided by black and brown coal and with its high emissions it is unlikely to be seen as a future option in a carbon-constrained world. Lower emissions options for base load generation include: coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS); geothermal energy; nuclear energy; and, combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). The first three options are all problematic in Australia, and would not be able to provide significant generation capacity before 2020.

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Hatoss, Anikó, Donna Starks, and Henriette Janse van Rensburg. "Afrikaans language maintenance in Australia." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.34.1.01hat.

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Changes in the political climate in the home country have resulted in the emigration of South Africans to English speaking countries such as Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Despite the scale of movement of the South African population, language maintenance in these diasporic contexts has received little consideration. This paper presents a description of an Australian Afrikaans-speaking community in the small Queensland city of Toowoomba. The study shows a high degree of bilingualism amongst the first generation Afrikaans community but also shows incipient signs of language shift within the home and a weak connection between language and identity.

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Jupp, James. "From ‘White Australia’ to ‘Part of Asia’: Recent Shifts in Australian Immigration Policy towards the Region." International Migration Review 29, no. 1 (March 1995): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900109.

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This article examines the impact on Australia of population movements in the Asia-Pacific region since 1945, with special reference to the period since 1975 that marked the termination of the restrictive ‘White Australia Policy.’ That policy, which had its origins in racist theories popular at the end of the nineteenth century, isolated Australia from its immediate region and kept it tied to its European and, more specifically, British origins. The impact of population, trade and capital movements in the region has been such as to make Australia ‘part of Asia.’ Nevertheless, public opinion has yet to accept these changes fully, especially when they involve changing the ethnic character of the resident population. It is concluded that the generation which has grown up since 1945 and which is now starting to dominate politics and intellectual life will find it easier to reorient Australia than did the previous generation, despite continuing ambivalence in public attitudes. The presence in Australia of large numbers of permanent residents and citizens of Asian origin is a necessary factor in expediting change.

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Stanley, Glenda, and Judith Kearney. "The experiences of second generation Samoans in Australia." Journal of Social Inclusion 8, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36251/josi.124.

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Roy, Parimal, and Ian Hamilton. "Interethnic Marriage: Identifying the Second Generation in Australia." International Migration Review 31, no. 1 (1997): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547261.

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Roy, Parimal, and Ian Hamilton. "Interethnic Marriage: Identifying the Second Generation in Australia." International Migration Review 31, no. 1 (March 1997): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100107.

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Studies in Australia show that an increasing proportion of the population have ancestors from more than one country. Evidence regarding differences in the marriage patterns of first and second generation migrants has been restricted in scope as published marriage registration data includes only birthplace of partners. Marriage registration records include information about the birthplace of parents of partners, but it is available only through specially produced tabulations. Changes in the census for 1986 and 1991 make it possible to identify the second generation in households, and this article examines the use of census data as an alternative to marriage registration records in tracing changes in intermarriage patterns and differences between urban and rural areas.

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Robinson, Ross. "Productivity of first-generation container terminals: Sydney, Australia." Maritime Policy & Management 12, no. 4 (January 1985): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088838500000042.

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Davy, Robert J., and Alberto Troccoli. "Interannual variability of solar energy generation in Australia." Solar Energy 86, no. 12 (December 2012): 3554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.12.004.

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Diniz da Costa, J. C., and R. J. Pagan. "Sustainability Metrics for Coal Power Generation in Australia." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 84, no. 2 (March 2006): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/psep.04126.

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Gust, Ian D. "WVC Australia 2008: The next generation of vaccines." Human Vaccines 5, no. 6 (June 2009): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.5.6.7712.

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Behrendt, Larissa. "At the Back of the Class. At the Front of the Class: Experiences as Aboriginal Student and Aboriginal Teacher." Feminist Review 52, no. 1 (March 1996): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1996.4.

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This is a persona] account of an Aboriginal woman who went through the education system in Australia to obtain finally her law degree. Aboriginal people experience many hurdles in the education system. Many Aboriginal children feel alienated within the legal system which until recently focused on a colonial history of Australia, ignoring the experiences, indeed the presence, of indigenous people in Australia. The Australian government had a policy of not educating Aboriginal people past the age of 14. The author was one of the first generation that could go straight from high school to university. She speaks of the debt she feels towards the generations of her people that fought for her right to access to higher education. The author went on to become the first Aboriginal person to be accepted into Harvard Law School which brought different personal challenges and allowed for reflection on comparisons of the sensitivity towards race in both education systems. When the author returned to Australia, she took a position teaching at the University of New South Wales. She had to come to terms with working within a system that she had felt alienated within as a student. Her position at the front of the class has created a sense of empowerment that she can pass on to her Aboriginal and female students.

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Stabler, Joshua. "Has the 'Golden Age of Gas' bypassed Australia?" APPEA Journal 59, no. 1 (2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18277.

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In June 2011, the International Energy Agency released the 2011 World Energy Outlook (WEO) series that posed the thought-provoking question: ‘Are we entering a golden age of gas?’ In response to this bold question, this paper first investigates the world’s electricity supply by each fuel type and how the WEO expectations have changed over time. This helps define the progress of the world targets for the ‘Golden Age of Gas’. To provide context to Australian gas conditions, this paper delves deeply into two of the most important international markets in the world: USA and China. Each of these countries are placed in the five fastest growing gas production countries in the world but have had substantially different engagements with gas and their domestic electricity profiles. Each country’s response to the electricity generation-source dilemma has resulted in diametrically opposed carbon emission outcomes. Finally, this paper turns to the Australian experience with gas. As the fifth fastest growing gas producing nation, and now the largest liquefied natural gas exporter in the world, Australia has rapidly shifted from energy price isolation to having strong links to international energy prices. These international price linkages have been applied across both gas and coal markets and have occurred simultaneously with the combination of a wave of renewable energy construction, traditional energy generation exit and paralysed government policy. This leaves a revised question: has the Golden Age of Gas passed Australia?

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Patrickson, Margaret, and Leonie Hallo. "Female Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Experience of Chinese Migrants to Australia." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040145.

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This article reports on findings from interviews with a small group of Chinese female immigrants to Australia who have started up their own business since their arrival. Unlike most publications concerning immigration that focus upon financial factors, we have instead concentrated on their personal journeys, why they started their businesses and the benefits they sought. We interviewed thirteen participants in Adelaide who had recently arrived from China with the aim of immigrating permanently to Australia. Immigration records indicate that by 2020 this figure had risen to over 160,000 per annum. However, it dropped again quickly in 2020 following the beginning of COVID-19. Nonetheless, according to recent Australian government records, over 866,200 current Australian residents have Chinese ancestry and 74% are first-generation migrants. The primary motivators for respondents were independence and control as well as income and skill development. Respondents were also satisfied by the personal development they gained.

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Olsson, Craig A., Elizabeth Spry, Primrose Letcher, Helena McAnally, Kim Thomson, Jacqui Macdonald, Chris Greenwood, et al. "The Australian and New Zealand Intergenerational Cohort Consortium: a study protocol for investigating mental health and well-being across generations." Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175795920x15792720930280.

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The Australian New Zealand Intergenerational Cohort Consortium (ANZ-ICC) brings together three of the longest running intergenerational cohort studies in Australia and New Zealand to examine the extent to which preconception parental life histories (from infancy to parenthood) predict next generation early health and development. The aims are threefold: (1) to describe pathways of advantage that strengthen emotional health and well-being from one generation to the next, (2) to describe pathways of disadvantage that perpetuate cycles of emotional and behavioural problems across generations, and (3) to identify modifiable factors capable of breaking intergenerational cycles. The Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study has followed 1,943 young Australians from adolescence to adulthood across ten waves since 1992, and 1,030 offspring from pregnancy to early childhood since 2006. The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study has followed 2,443 young Australians from infancy to adulthood across 15 waves since 1983, and 1170 offspring from pregnancy to early childhood since 2012. The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study Parenting Study has followed 1,037 young New Zealanders across 15 waves since 1972, and 730 offspring in early childhood since 1994. Cross-cohort replication analyses will be conducted for common preconception exposures and next generation offspring outcomes, while integrated data analysis of pooled data will be used for rare exposures and outcomes. The ANZ-ICC represents a unique collaboration that bridges the disciplines of lifecourse epidemiology, biostatistics, developmental psychology and psychiatry, to study the role of parental preconception exposures on next generation health and development.

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Soldani, David, Malcolm Shore, Jeremy Mitchell, and Mark A. Gregory. "The 4G to 5G Network Architecture Evolution in Australia." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n4.161.

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This paper provides a review of selected design and security aspects of 5G systems and addresses key questions about the deployment scenarios of Next Generation Radio Access Networks in Australia. The paper first presents the most relevant 5G use cases for the Australian market in 2018-19, and beyond; 5G concept and definitions; 3GPP updates, in terms of system architecture and enabling technologies and corresponding timelines; and spectrum availability, linked to possible 5G deployments in Australia. Then, the paper discusses the 5G functional architecture, possible configuration options, enabling technologies and network migration strategies and related 5G security, in Australia and globally. This is followed by a description of the possible 5G deployment scenarios in a multivendor environment and includes, as a case study, the Huawei product portfolio and site solution in Australia. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential benefits of a telecommunications security assurance centre to improve the whole-of-life security assurance of critical telecommunications infrastructure and why it is important for the Australia telecommunications sector.

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Soldani, David, Malcolm Shore, Jeremy Mitchell, and Mark A. Gregory. "The 4G to 5G Network Architecture Evolution in Australia." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n4.161.

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This paper provides a review of selected design and security aspects of 5G systems and addresses key questions about the deployment scenarios of Next Generation Radio Access Networks in Australia. The paper first presents the most relevant 5G use cases for the Australian market in 2018-19, and beyond; 5G concept and definitions; 3GPP updates, in terms of system architecture and enabling technologies and corresponding timelines; and spectrum availability, linked to possible 5G deployments in Australia. Then, the paper discusses the 5G functional architecture, possible configuration options, enabling technologies and network migration strategies and related 5G security, in Australia and globally. This is followed by a description of the possible 5G deployment scenarios in a multivendor environment and includes, as a case study, the Huawei product portfolio and site solution in Australia. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential benefits of a telecommunications security assurance centre to improve the whole-of-life security assurance of critical telecommunications infrastructure and why it is important for the Australia telecommunications sector.

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Redmond, Helen. "Impact of energy generation on health: unconventional gas." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14038.

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In this age of human-induced climate change, drilling for unconventional gas is expanding rapidly. In the United States hundreds of thousands of wells tap into shale gas, tight sands gas and coal seam gas (CSG). In Australia we have large CSG fields containing thousands of wells in Queensland, and several smaller fields in New South Wales and Victoria. The scale of proposed development of shale gas in South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory will eclipse CSG in the eastern states. Yet unconventional gas extraction has the potential to undermine every single one of the environmental determinants of health: clean air, clean water, a safe food supply and a stable climate.1 To ensure health, water has to be sufficient in quality and quantity. The unconventional gas industry impacts both in a number of ways. Water quality can be threatened both by chemicals in drilling and fracking fluids, and by chemicals mobilised from deep underground in the process.

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Ji, Fei, Nidhi Nishant, Jason P. Evans, Alejandro Di Di Luca, Giovanni Di Di Virgilio, Kevin K. W. Cheung, Eugene Tam, Kathleen Beyer, and Matthew L. Riley. "Rapid Warming in the Australian Alps from Observation and NARCliM Simulations." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101686.

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The Australian Alps are the highest mountain range in Australia, which are important for biodiversity, energy generation and winter tourism. Significant increases in temperature in the past decades has had a huge impact on biodiversity and ecosystem in this region. In this study, observed temperature is used to assess how temperature changed over the Australian Alps and surrounding areas. We also use outputs from two generations of NARCliM (NSW and Australian Regional Climate Modelling) to investigate spatial and temporal variation of future changes in temperature and its extremes. The results show temperature increases faster for the Australian Alps than the surrounding areas, with clear spatial and temporal variation. The changes in temperature and its extremes are found to be strongly correlated with changes in albedo, which suggests faster warming in cool season might be dominated by decrease in albedo resulting from future changes in natural snowfall and snowpack. The warming induced reduction in future snow cover in the Australian Alps will have a significant impact on this region.

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Bradford, Clare. "The Stolen Generations of Australia: Narratives of Loss and Survival." International Research in Children's Literature 13, no. 2 (December 2020): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2020.0356.

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Australian texts for the young run the gamut of representational approaches to the removal of Indigenous children. Early colonial texts treated child removals as benign acts designed to rescue Indigenous children from savagery, but from the 1960s Indigenous writers produced life writing and fiction that pursued strategies of decolonisation. This essay plots the history of Stolen Generation narratives in Australia, from the first Australian account for children in Charlotte Barton's A Mother's Offering to Her Children to Doris Pilkington Garimara's Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence, Philip Noyce's film Rabbit-Proof Fence, and pedagogical materials that mediate the book and film to children. Garimara's book and Noyce's film expose the motivations of those responsible for child removal policies and practices: to eliminate Indigenous people and cultures and to replace them with white populations. Many pedagogical materials deploy euphemistic and self-serving narratives that seek to ‘protect’ non-Indigenous children from the truths of colonisation.

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Lam, Dinh Thi, Katsuyuki Ichitani, Robert J. Henry, and Ryuji Ishikawa. "Molecular and Morphological Divergence of Australian Wild Rice." Plants 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020224.

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Two types of perennial wild rice, Australian Oryza rufipogon and a new taxon Jpn2 have been observed in Australia in addition to the annual species Oryza meridionalis. Jpn2 is distinct owing to its larger spikelet size but shares O. meridionalis-like morphological features including a high density of bristle cells on the awn surface. All the morphological traits resemble O. meridionalis except for the larger spikelet size. Because Jpn2 has distinct cytoplasmic genomes, including the chloroplast (cp), cp insertion/deletion/simple sequence repeats were designed to establish marker systems to distinguish wild rice in Australia in different natural populations. It was shown that the new taxon is distinct from Asian O. rufipogon but instead resembles O. meridionalis. In addition, higher diversity was detected in north-eastern Australia. Reproductive barriers among species and Jpn2 tested by cross-hybridization suggested a unique biological relationship of Jpn2 with other species. Insertions of retrotransposable elements in the Jpn2 genome were extracted from raw reads generated using next-generation sequencing. Jpn2 tended to share insertions with other O. meridionalis accessions and with Australian O. rufipogon accessions in particular cases, but not Asian O. rufipogon except for two insertions. One insertion was restricted to Jpn2 in Australia and shared with some O. rufipogon in Thailand.

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Cook, P. J., A. Rigg, and J. Bradshaw. "PUTTING IT BACKWHERE IT CAME FROM: IS GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE AN OPTION FOR AUSTRALIA?" APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99045.

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Liquefied natural gas projects with a total value of around $20 billion are planned for Australia. Over the next decade or so, they have the potential to generate an increase of approximately 3% in Australia's GDP, and an excess of 50,000 jobs. One of the major risks to this vast investment is uncertainty over how to deal with the major increase in direct carbon dioxide (C02) emissions that will result from these developments. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol has served to focus even more attention on this issue.Potentially, a solution to sustaining Australia's economic development, whilst at the same time meeting emission targets, may lie, in part, in developing suitable methodologies for C02 sequestration. One of the key sequestration options is geological disposal. The method, which involves injection of supercritical C02 into the deep subsurface, is being tested on a commercial scale in only one place in the world at the present time, although several other countries are now developing research programs into the technique.The APCRC research program GEODISC is investigating the applicability of this method in Australia. Whilst the focus of GEODISC is on the application of C02 disposal to the Australian natural gas industry, its outcomes will have implications for other industries such as power generation and minerals processing. It will also be looking at some of the other potential benefits of geological sequestration, such as enhanced oil recovery and enhanced coalbed methane recovery.The program will establish the most viable locations for C02 injection, determine the key areas of technical, social and economic risk, and help define a pilot injection program to address the most critical areas of uncertainty. GEODISC brings together six major petroleum companies, the Australian Greenhouse Office and key Australian research groups. The total cost of GEODISC will be approximately $10 million over four years. The major expected outcome of GEODISC will be to help the Australian gas industry plan the way ahead in terms of C02 emissions in an environmentally acceptable manner, whilst concurrently ensuring that the industry does not incur major cost disadvantages, which may adversely impact upon Australia's international competitiveness.

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Avgoulas, Maria-Irini, and Rebecca Fanany. "The Greek Diaspora of Melbourne, Australia through the Eyes of the Second Generation Greek Australian." ATHENS JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajss.2-2-2.

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Corkish, Richard, Martin A. Green, Andrew W. Blakers, Paul L. Burn, Yi-Bing Cheng, Renate Egan, Kenneth P. Ghiggino, Paul Meredith, Fiona H. Scholes, and Gerry Wilson. "An overview of the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and the Australia-US Institute for Advanced Photovoltaics." MRS Proceedings 1771 (2015): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.364.

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ABSTRACTThe Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP) co-ordinates the activities of the six Australian research institutions and a group of industrial partners in the Australia-US Institute for Advanced Photovoltaics (AUSIAPV) to develop the next generations of photovoltaic device technology and to provide a pipeline of opportunities for performance increase and cost reduction. AUSIAPV links ACAP with US-based partners. These national and international research collaborations provide a pathway for highly visible, structured photovoltaic research collaboration between Australian and US researchers, institutes and agencies with significant joint programs based on the clear synergies between the participating organizations. The research program is organized in five collaborative Program Packages (PPs). PP1 deals with silicon wafer-based cells, focusing on three main areas: cells from solar grade silicon, rear contact and silicon-based tandem cells. PP2 involves research into a range of organic solar cells, organic/inorganic hybrid cells, "earth abundant" thin-film materials and "third generation" approaches. PP3 is concerned with optics and characterization. PP4 will deliver a substantiated methodology for assessing manufacturing costs of the different technologies and PP5 involves education, training and outreach. The main research topics, results and plans for the future are presented.

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Rawson, Helen, and Pranee Liamputtong. "Influence of traditional Vietnamese culture on the utilisation of mainstream health services for sexual health issues by second-generation Vietnamese Australian young women." Sexual Health 6, no. 1 (2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08040.

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Background: The present paper discusses the impact the traditional Vietnamese culture has on the uptake of mainstream health services for sexual health matters by Vietnamese Australian young women. It is part of a wider qualitative study that explored the factors that shaped the sexual behaviour of Vietnamese Australian young women living in Australia. Methods: A Grounded Theory methodology was used, involving in-depth interviews with 15 Vietnamese Australian young women aged 18 to 25 years who reside in Victoria, Australia. Results: The findings demonstrated that the ethnicity of the general practitioner had a clear impact on the women utilising the health service. They perceived that a Vietnamese doctor would hold the traditional view of sex as held by their parents’ generation. They rationalised that due to cultural mores, optimum sexual health care could only be achieved with a non-Vietnamese health professional. Conclusion: It is evident from the present study that cultural influences can impact on the sexual health of young people from culturally diverse backgrounds and in Australia’s multicultural society, provision of sexual health services must acknowledge the specific needs of ethnically diverse young people.

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Middleton, Mike F. "Radiogenic heat generation in the Darling Range, Western Australia." Exploration Geophysics 44, no. 3 (September 2013): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg13028.

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Bell, Geoffrey. "Second-Generation Biorefineries: Optimization, Opportunities, and Implications for Australia." Industrial Biotechnology 13, no. 2 (April 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ind.2016.29062.gbe.

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Kuwahata, Rena, and Carlos Rodríguez Monroy. "Market stimulation of renewable-based power generation in Australia." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.08.020.

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Ide, Naoko, Kairi Kõlves, Maria Cassaniti, and Diego De Leo. "Suicide of first-generation immigrants in Australia, 1974–2006." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47, no. 12 (April 3, 2012): 1917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0499-4.

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Law, Chi-kin, Kairi Kõlves, and Diego De Leo. "Suicide mortality in second-generation migrants, Australia, 2001–2008." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, no. 4 (October 12, 2013): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0769-9.

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Williams, Michael. "Brief Sojourn in your Native Land: Sydney Links with South China." Queensland Review 6, no. 2 (November 1999): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001112.

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The title of this paper is taken from a testimonial signed by a number of Gundagai residents on the departure for China in 1903 of Mark Loong after sixteen years in the district. That the notion of a person ‘sojourning’ in China is a contradiction of the prevailing ‘sojourner’ concept usually held about early Chinese migrants in Australia is the result the failure of Australian-Chinese research to fully appreciate the significance of family and district links between Australia and China and their impact upon the motivation, organisation and settlement patterns of Chinese people in Australia before the middle of the twentieth century. Without such an appreciation most research into Australian-Chinese history has focused only on those who established families in Australia or who ran successful businesses. This paper will focus on describing some features of these family and districts links with regard to that generation who arrived after the gold rushes of the 1850s to 1870s but before the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, who originated in one south China district, Zhongshan , and who lived primarily in one Australian city, Sydney. These restraints are partly due to reliance on sources such as the administrative files of the Immigration Restriction Act which begin only in 1901, and partly to the fact that this research represents a first step in the investigation of the significance of district of origin and the people of Zhongshan district in Sydney are the first to be investigated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Generation Y Australia'

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