Journal articles on the topic 'Generating income while raising children'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Generating income while raising children.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Generating income while raising children.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Goto, Rie, Joe Devine, C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor, Justin Ormand, and Abdul Jabber Jufry. "The impact of an income-generating activities programme on children and mothers’ undernutrition in extreme poor rural Bangladeshi households." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 16 (September 12, 2019): 3073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019002015.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjective:The current study assessed changes in children and mothers’ nutritional status before and after raising Bangladeshi households out of extreme poverty through an income-generating activities (IGA) programme.Design:Extreme poor households took part in the IGA programme for 2 years and recruitment took place over four waves in annual cycles. Children and mothers were measured with regarding their nutritional status before and after the IGA programme commenced.Settings:Rural Bangladesh.Subjects:Three-hundred and eighty-two children under 5 years of age at recruitment, and their mothers.Results:After 2 years of the IGA programme, the prevalence of stunting significantly declined from 40·3 % to 33·0 % (P = 0·003), anaemia declined from 51·6 % to 44·0 % (P = 0·020) while mothers’ CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) declined from 52·0 % to 42·7 % (P < 0·001), but no significant changes were found in children’s wasting, declining from 25·4 % to 21·5 %, underweight which remained the same at 43·2 %, while mothers’ anaemia rose from 39·3 % to 42·7 %. There were also highly significant improvements in household socio-economic status. Increases in socio-economic security (especially in relation to cash savings and net income) and improvements in food quantity and quality (indicated by greater food diversity and animal food intake) were associated with normal nutritional status, and cessation of open defecation was associated with reduction in mothers’ and child anaemia.Conclusion:The IGA programme was associated with increased household socio-economic security, such as asset accumulation, food security and sanitation, and with improvements in the nutritional status of children and their mothers in extreme poor households.
2
Waweru, John Anthony, Peter Koome, and Alice Wairimu Omondi. "Influence of income-generating activities on management effectiveness of charitable children institutions in Nakuru Town East Sub-County." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, no. 5 (September 17, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i5.855.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the influence of income-generating activities on the effective management of charitable children institutions (CCIs) with a particular focus on CCIs in Nakuru Town East Sub County, Kenya. The study was guided by the resource-based theory. The study adopted a mixed-method approach and deployed the descriptive research design to capture data from a target population of 45 respondents comprising of 39 CCI staff (both management and subordinate) and 6 key informants. A complete census was conducted on all the respondents and purposive sampling was utilized to identify key informants. Data from the CCI staff was collected using questionnaires while data from key informants was collected using discussion guides. A pilot study was conducted at Tumaini Bethany and Holy Family children in Nakuru Town West Sub-County to assess the validity and reliability of the instruments. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) and the thematic content analysis technique. The findings from the study showed that income-generating activities had an influence on the effective management of CCIs. The study concluded that effective management of CCIs is shaped by the presence of income-generating activities in CCI, type of income-generating activities, and the amount of income generated by the activity in which the CCI is engaged. The study recommended that CCIs should develop income-generating activities in their institutional plans to mitigate shocks that occur when there is little funding from external partners.
3
Kang, Wei, and Sergio J. Rey. "Inference for Income Mobility Measures in the Presence of Spatial Dependence." International Regional Science Review 43, no. 1-2 (February 6, 2019): 10–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619826291.
Full textAbstract:
Income mobility measures provide convenient and concise ways to reveal the dynamic nature of regional income distributions. Statistical inference about these measures is important especially when it comes to a comparison of two regional income systems. Although the analytical sampling distributions of relevant estimators and test statistics have been asymptotically derived, their properties in small sample settings and in the presence of contemporaneous spatial dependence within a regional income system are underexplored. We approach these issues via a series of Monte Carlo experiments that require the proposal of a novel data generating process capable of generating spatially dependent time series given a transition probability matrix and a specified level of spatial dependence. Results suggest that when sample size is small, the mobility estimator is biased while spatial dependence inflates its asymptotic variance, raising the Type I error rate for a one-sample test. For the two-sample test of the difference in mobility between two regional economic systems, the size tends to become increasingly upward biased with stronger spatial dependence in either income system, which indicates that conclusions about differences in mobility between two different regional systems need to be drawn with caution as the presence of spatial dependence can lead to false positives. In light of this, we suggest adjustments for the critical values of relevant test statistics.
4
Shin, Hsu Yu, and May Zin Ong. "Comparison of Economic Activities: Time Deposits, Investments, Income and Needs." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i1.84.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to discuss the comparison of economic activities including time deposits, investment, income and needs. The advantage of a bank by raising reserves through stores is that the cash put away can take longer, considering that stores have a moderately long period of time and the recurrence of withdrawals is additionally uncommon. Hence the bank can unreservedly utilize the credit of these stores. Income in common is regularly related to the sum of cash an individual gets as a result of something done, done, or contributed. The pay is at that point utilized or went through to meet different needs in life for a certain period of time. it is vital to have Financial Management by giving need scale by prioritizing all things that are vital since the more noteworthy a person's pay more often than not the more he needs. The survey results within the AES business group show a significant comparison of the amount of income derived from investment and sales that generate income, while time deposits are rarely performed as a principal economic activity in generating income.
5
Aransiola, Joshua O., Funmi Togonu-Bickersteth, Kolawole Aliyu, Mojirayo Afolabi, and Akanni Akinyemi. "QUALITY OF LIFE OF GRANDPARENTS RAISING GRANDCHILDREN IN NIGERIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1065.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article examined the personal and household characteristics influencing the quality of life (QoL) of grandparents caring for grandchildren in Skipped Generation Households in Nigeria with a sample of 2, 144 grandparents in Imo, Lagos and Kano. Chi square and multinomial logistic regression were employed to understand the relationship between the dependent variable (QoL) and independent variables (personal and household characteristics). The level of the QoL of the grandparents almost spread evenly among low (34.3%), average (34.3%) and high (31.4%). Five domains of QoL were examined including level of independence (LI), psychological well-being (PW), social relation (SR), physical health (PH), environment (ENV) and engagement in income generating activities (IGA). Personal characteristics including; state of residence was significantly associated with all the domains except LI and PW, age was associated with IGA, LI and ENV, sex was associated with SR and ENV and level of education was associated with all the domains except IGA and ENV while religious affiliation was associated with IGA. Household characteristics including; sex of household head was significantly associated with PH, SR and ENV, age of household head was associated with IGA and LI and wealth index was associated with all the domains while the number of household members was significantly associated with ENV. The regression analysis shows that only state of residence and wealth index significantly influence the QoL of the grandparents (P≤0.05). The state of residence and wealth index are therefore important in any policy intervention for this category of elderly persons in Nigeria.
6
Zhang, Siyuan. "To What Extent Would Raising Low Birth in Developed Countries Affect the Economy." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 11, no. 1 (September 20, 2023): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v11i1.11760.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this article is on falling birthrates in developed nations, and it examines the underlying causes, consequences, and initiatives taken to address it. It covers a variety of topics, including political science, international relations, and other subjects in addition to economics and demographics. The effects of low fertility are discussed, along with how they affect household income, capital growth, and automation. Gender variations are also evaluated. The essay also discusses the U.S.-centered national policy and its effects on things like taxes and aging.Since the detriments outweigh the benefits, the policy needs to be implemented. The three policies (immigration, automation, and baby care) directly or implicitly increase fertility and thus social productivity, while generating a set of issues that need to be refined. In general, the aging situation and the population density of cities may be compromised by the implementation of the policies and produce multiplier effects. In general, rising fertility adds varied amounts of stress to each family. And somehow, by implementing childcare programs, strain on women will be substantially less and their productivity will rise to some level. In the long run, the government will also generate more fiscal revenue due to the increase in personal income tax, which boosts social welfare and raises government input. The effects are favorable for social productivity and employment rates. The senior population has improved security, and the pension shortfall is partially closed.
7
Enwin, Anthony Dornubari, and Tamunoikuronibo Dawaye Ikiriko. "Eradicating Homelessness and Improving the Living Standards of the Poorest of the Poor in Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 3 (June 8, 2023): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(3).09.
Full textAbstract:
Homelessness and poverty are significant challenges facing Greater Port Harcourt City in Nigeria. This paper discusses these issues and proposes a solution through the development of an inclusive and sustainable agropolitan residential housing project. The project aims to provide affordable housing for young unmarried, newly married, and married individuals with young children, falling within the income groups of 'No income,' 'Low Income,' and 'Lower Medium Income' as defined by the 2012 National Housing Policy Document (NHPD) of Nigeria. It will create sustainable, mainly agro-based livelihoods through integrated farming and other activities, such as real estate, power generation, waste management, and recycling. This will enable beneficiaries to take care of their housing and other needs while generating employment and revenue. The proposed housing project aligns with the Greater Port Harcourt City Master Plan and will complement the city's proposed beautiful townscape. The paper concludes that eradicating homelessness and improving the living standards of the poorest in Greater Port Harcourt City requires sustainable and inclusive housing solutions that provide access to employment and income-generating activities. A comprehensive and collaborative approach involving various stakeholders such as the government, private sector, and non-profit organizations is necessary to address this complex issue.
8
Keefe, Robert H., Rebecca Rouland, Sandra D. Lane, Audrey Howard, Carol Brownstein-Evans, Xiaozhong Wen, and Lorinda Parks. ""I Gotta Carry The Burden By Myself"." Advances in Social Work 21, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 176–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23937.
Full textAbstract:
Despite prevalence estimates indicating that upwards to 38% of new mothers of color will experience perinatal depression, little research has been published that investigates how they cope with the stressors in their daily lives. This article presents the findings of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 low-income new mothers of color about parenting their children despite the burden of ongoing depression. Narrative analyses revealed three themes: feeling alone, isolated, and overwhelmed; feeling misunderstood, betrayed, and judged by others; and having to carry their burden alone. Despite having depression, the mothers spoke of ways they were able to persevere even with the enormous burden of raising their children while living in high-crime, low-income neighborhoods. Recommendations include the need for social workers to recognize low-income mothers’ inner strengths; recognize why mothers may not trust professionals to be of help; and take the time to build strong therapeutic relationships with mothers who perceive their families, friends, partners, and often social service professionals as being of little help.
9
DesRochers, Gilles. "Proposition de revenu familial garanti par intégration d’un régime bivalent d’allocations familiales à un régime de prestations sociales pour adultes." Articles 56, no. 1 (January 21, 2009): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600892ar.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper deals with a bivalent family allowance plan comprising on the one hand a universal component and on the other, a selective component varying according to income. It will be shown that this plan will simultaneously comply with the horizontal equity objective for compensating dependants and the objective for making up family income deficiencies. This type of program must be integrated to a social welfare scheme for adults. The above-mentioned integrated scheme avoids the need for fiscal instruments such as tax credits and exemptions. Moreover, the proposed guaranteed family income scheme is preferable to a conventional guaranteed family income scheme in so far as it is as effective and generally even more effective, in making up family income deficiencies, while at the same time, insuring a horizontal equity compensation for the cost of raising children to those families whose incomes are above the poverty line. Finally, the proposed scheme is better than standard schemes because the disincentive effect on beneficiaries with regard to work effort is less.
10
Conlin, Michael, and Paul N. Thompson. "Michigan and Ohio K–12 Educational Financing Systems: Equality and Efficiency." Education Finance and Policy 9, no. 4 (October 2014): 417–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00142.
Full textAbstract:
We consider issues of equality and efficiency in two different school funding systems—a state-level system in Michigan and a foundation system in Ohio. Unlike Ohio, the Michigan system restricts districts from generating property or income tax revenue to fund operating expenditures. In both states, districts fund capital expenditures with local tax revenue. Our results indicate that although average revenue and expenditures per pupil in Michigan and Ohio are almost identical, the distributions of the various revenue sources are quite different. Ohio’s funding system has greater equality in terms of total revenue, largely due to Ohio redistributing state funds to the least wealthy districts while Michigan does not. We find relatively wealthy Michigan districts spend more on capital expenditures, whereas relatively wealthy Ohio districts spend more on labor and materials. This suggests that constraints on raising local revenue to fund operating expenditures in Michigan could create efficiency issues.
11
Tamura, Rika, Tomoko Yamazaki, and Mayumi Uchibori. "“I’ll Try My Best to be a Dad”: The Experiences of Japanese Fathers with Cancer." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362097573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393620975739.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored the experiences of Japanese fathers with cancer. Twenty-four adult men undergoing cancer treatment and raising minor children (aged ≤ 19 years) participated. Data gathered using semi-structured interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory approach. One main theme— “transformed identity: cancer made me into a father”—and eight additional sub-themes were identified from the analysis. Fathers with cancer experienced changes in work and income; weakening of their bodies and minds; and a transformation from the protector of their children to the protected, which severely challenging their identities. Through interaction with their children and self-reflection, fathers started to examine fatherhood for the first time, heightening their self-awareness as fathers. Nurses can support fathers by facilitating interactions with their children while receiving treatment and by understanding and respecting the range of emotions identified in this study.
12
Shitindi, Sister, Adella Nyello, and Fredy Mswima. "INCOME POVERTY AND CHILD STREETISM IN DODOMA AND DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA." Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55327/jaash.v9i1.296.
Full textAbstract:
Tanzania has been implementing several initiatives to address the challenge of street children in the country. Despite such efforts, the child streetism has become the daily reality and has shown the sign of increasing. This article explores the influence of income poverty on child streetism in urban Tanzania. Specifically, the article focused on analysing the live experiences of street children; and describing the influence of income poverty on streetism of children. The article adopted the descriptive cross-sectional design and involved a total of 56 informants who were purposively selected while the snowballing sampling technique was used in accessing street children. Semi-structured interview, documentary review and observation method were used to collect data. Through thematic and content data analysis techniques this article revealed that street children experienced difficulties in getting their basic needs and did not easily access health services when they fell sick. Further, child streetism has been largely influenced by income poverty. Hence, the study recommends that; develop a formal and functional support system to facilitate children on the street to access the educational services. Regarding coping strategies as an emerged issue, street children engaged into begging, unsafe sex and petty income-generating activities such as car wash and bottle collection. They also used self-medication to treat themselves when they fell sick or being left at the hospital buildings or on the street by their fellow street children when the condition got worse. Additionally, they did not have any coping strategy to enroll themselves into the school.
13
Demeke, Sisay. "Factors Affecting Women’s Tripled Gender Roles: The Case of Awura Woreda, Afar Region, Ethiopia." Journal of African Development Studies 6, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56302/jads.v6i1.3298.
Full textAbstract:
Pastoralist women have enormous roles but not recognized yet. Thus, this issue becomes field of inquiry because pastoral women provide economic values for non-pastoralists. Hence, this study intends to assess factors affecting women’s tripled gender roles in Awura Woreda. The study employed concurrent design with a mixed approach. The quantitative data were collected from 196 systematically selected women whereas the qualitative information gathered from purposively selected participants. Descriptive and advanced statistical tools were employed to analyze the quantitative while thematic analysis for qualitative data. Thestudy found that (29-39 women’s age group, married, family size 3-5, 6-8) were positive factors; climate variability, drought, inter-conflict, violence, gender relation, and social-service inaccessibility were negative factors. Harassment, low decision-making power, and Poverty were challenges. Access to property, traditional healers, and food aid were opportunities. The study recommends that governmental and nongovernmental organizations should work on service delivery, training on income-generating potential and awareness-raising.
14
Khan, Adil, and Arun Kumar Singh. "The Relevance of Food Processing Industry in Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Prayagraj District in India." Asian Review of Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2023.12.1.3315.
Full textAbstract:
The research article is concerned with the importance and performance of food processing industry in generating sufficient employment opportunities for female workers. A case study on a specific district brings out crucial aspects related to working conditions and struggles faced by women in these industries. The data collection and analysis are based upon the overall number of women employed. They are further categorized as per the type of employment offered to them under different kinds of industries. The findings show that the share of women in employment is much lower as compared to men. Various forms of gender discrimination are found at industrial workplaces. The lack of government support coupled with an adverse social mindset against working women is also observed in the region. The scope of entrepreneurship development is limited to SHGs. Nevertheless, FPIs could be a way forward to shift surplus women engaged in agricultural activities or construction sites to a better source of income generation while raising social status.
15
Martí-Quijal, Francisco J., Sucheta Khubber, Fabienne Remize, Igor Tomasevic, Elena Roselló-Soto, and Francisco J. Barba. "Obtaining Antioxidants and Natural Preservatives from Food By-Products through Fermentation: A Review." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030106.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial food waste has potential for generating income from high-added-value compounds through fermentation. Solid-state fermentation is promising to obtain a high yield of bioactive compounds while requiring less water for the microorganism’s growth. A number of scientific studies evinced an increase in flavonoids or phenolics from fruit or vegetable waste and bioactive peptides from cereal processing residues and whey, a major waste of the dairy industry. Livestock, fish, or shellfish processing by-products (skin, viscera, fish scales, seabass colon, shrimp waste) also has the possibility of generating antioxidant peptides, hydrolysates, or compounds through fermentation. These bioactive compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, or antioxidant peptides) resulting from bacterial or fungal fermentation are also capable of inhibiting the growth of commonly occurring food spoilage fungi and can be used as natural preservatives. Despite the significant release or enhancement of antioxidant compounds through by-products fermentation, the surface areas of large-scale bioreactors and flow patterns act as constraints in designing a scale-up process for improved efficiency. An in-process purification method can also be the most significant contributing factor for raising the overall cost. Therefore, future research in modelling scale-up design can contribute towards mitigating the discard of high-added-value generating residues. Therefore, in this review, the current knowledge on the use of fermentation to obtain bioactive compounds from food by-products, emphasizing their use as natural preservatives, was evaluated.
16
Herdiansyah, Herdis, Agus Brotosusilo, Habibulloh Adi Negoro, Ravita Sari, and Zakianis Zakianis. "Parental Education and Good Child Habits to Encourage Sustainable Littering Behavior." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158645.
Full textAbstract:
Proper habits formed since childhood represent the ideal head start to help keep the environment clean, although this is not a standalone vital factor for a person to dislike littering behavior. The data used in this study were derived from the compilation of primary data. This paper concerns littering behavior of children and presents a survey conducted with 2349 individuals who completed a survey with relevant items and demographic information. The respondents were sampled with a purposive random sampling survey method. Then, by means of logistic regression, we found that low-income households need to be supported by disposal facilities and formal education, while high-income households need to be supported by awareness-raising on the issue. Moreover, it was found that in terms of environmental protection during the pre-school period, self-initiative and parental assistance were not sufficient to drive individual responses on littering behavior. However, there is the need to analyze, in further research, religious education and other extrinsic and intrinsic motivations about environmental care and waste management for children.
17
Ulman, Paweł. "Changes in household income distribution after the introduction of social policy programmes in Poland." Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy 63, no. 3 (2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2020.3.1.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the paper is to analyse changes in the distribution of income of Polish households during the implementation and functioning of social policy programmes in Poland. Attention is paid to social groups that experienced a difficult economic situation, in particular marriages with dependent children. The added value of the research lies in the in-depth comparative analysis of the distribution of income and its distance in cross-section and time, based on individual data from the Household Budget Survey for two periods – before the implementation of the programmes and during their full operation. In order to compare the income distributions, statistical analysis methods were applied to the empirical income distributions. In addition to the commonly known and basic numerical characteristics of the distributions, a distribution distance measure and an income gap ratio were used. All calculations were based on individual data from the Household Budget Survey carried out in 2015 and 2018. As a result of the calculations, it was shown that in the analysed period there were significant changes in the distribution of income among the Polish population in terms of average income and income inequality. The former increased substantially, while the latter decreased, including between social groups. The results show that the social policy programmes implemented in Poland after 2015 contributed significantly to raising the level of income of most members of society and reducing economic inequalities.
18
Keefe, Robert H., Rebecca S. Rouland, Sandra D. Lane, Carol Brownstein-Evans, Christopher R. Larrison, and Alan M. Delmerico. "The Normative Nature of Depression Among Impoverished Mothers of Color: “. . .going around this big old circle . . . it always remain the same”." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 100, no. 2 (April 2019): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044389419837028.
Full textAbstract:
Perinatal depression among impoverished mothers adds an enormous burden to their family responsibilities, which are often further stressed by living in high-crime communities. Thirty impoverished mothers of color living with depression were interviewed about the difficulties they face raising their children. Qualitative interviews about living with depression revealed four themes: recognizing their own depression, feeling isolated, experiencing violence, and living with depression. This article examines how neighborhood and relationship violence, intermittently involved fathers, and isolation contribute to the mothers’ depression. Social workers working with depressed, low-income mothers of color can benefit from understanding the mothers’ lived experience and the barriers the mothers face while trying to achieve well-being for themselves and their children. This study fits within the “Close the Health Gap” area of the Grand Challenges for Social Work.
19
Cai, Yixia, and Timothy Smeeding. "Deep and Extreme Child Poverty in Rich and Poor Nations: Lessons from Atkinson for the Fight Against Child Poverty." Italian Economic Journal 6, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40797-019-00116-w.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper documents child poverty levels and trends using both relative (‘deep’) and absolute (‘extreme’) measures in two clusters: Anglo-Saxon high-income countries and upper middle-income countries. We also investigate the influence of different components of household income and other resources on child deep-poverty rates to examine the role of the market and the redistributive effects that materialize through private transfers, public benefits, and tax systems on generating poverty reduction. Overall, middle-income nations have witnessed continuous reductions in their extreme child poverty rates, while mild decreases or fluctuations have been observed in the five high-income nations, with the US highlighted by its relatively high rates of deep and extreme poverty regardless of absolute or relative measures and type of equivalence scale used. Private institutions play a larger role in poverty reduction in middle-income nations compared to its impact on developed nations. The degree of dependence on universal or assistance benefits varies among high-income nation. In the US, universal programs tend to be meager, while Australian social insurance and universal benefit are robust in their fight against deep poverty. Brazil stands out by its overwhelmingly large proportion of social insurance programs that contribute to improvements of its deep child poverty situation, and South Africa’s assistance benefit system performs better in lifting children out of deep poverty.
20
Andrade, José, and Joan Gil. "Maternal Employment and Child Malnutrition in Ecuador." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13 (June 29, 2023): 6253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136253.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This paper estimates the causal impact of maternal employment on childhood malnutrition status in Ecuador to understand the trade-off between the time mothers devote to work and the time they dedicate to child-caring activities. Methods: We use the instrumental variables (IV) approach and exogenous cantonal variation in maternal labor market conditions to account for the potential endogeneity of mothers’ employment. The analysis employs the Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018 and the Living Conditions Survey 2014. Results: The IV estimations indicate that maternal employment increases the probability of having stunted children by between 4.2 and 18.1 percent, while no significant effect is found in the case of children suffering from wasting, being underweight, or being overweight. The effect of maternal employment on stunting is stronger among mothers with high education and living in high-income households. Inconclusive effects of mothers’ overweight status are reported. The results are robust to several robustness checks. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that the additional income that a working mother may obtain (the income effect) does not offset the loss of time available for direct childcare (the time constraint) in terms of child health status, and this effect is even more apparent for more affluent and more educated mothers. Government interventions, including effective conditional cash transfers and/or in-kind family policies, intended to reduce the cost of raising children among vulnerable families appear to be aligned with our findings.
21
Al Khataybeh, Yousef Damen, Lubna Mahmood Obeidat, Fatima Ali Al-Zubaidi, and Karimah Suleiman Aljedayah. "Problems of Social Media and Their Relation to Family Disintegration: Perspectives from Families in Northern Jordan." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 3 (May 30, 2023): 294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i3.5413.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between social media (SM) and family disintegration from the perspectives of Jordanian families in Irbid city, located in the north of Jordan. It explores this relationship in light of various variables, including gender, age, family's monthly income, and educational level.
Methods: The study sample consisted of 294 fathers and mothers randomly chosen from Irbid city. A questionnaire was used as a means of data collection.
Results: The study revealed that 63.6% of the sample confirmed a strong relationship between social media and the increasing cases of family disintegration in Jordanian society. Additionally, 50.7% of the participants reported the occurrence of family disintegration cases within their social environment. The participants believed that social media has contributed to higher divorce rates, marital disputes, domestic violence, spouse desertion, and poor marital and family relations. They also identified social media as a source of family instability, citing its role in generating conflicts within families, facilitating sexual deviations among children, promoting unhealthy marital relationships, contributing to children's disobedience towards their fathers, increasing rates of marital infidelity in both women and men, and undermining the moral and value system of Jordanian families.
Conclusions: The study concluded that there were no statistically significant differences in the effects of social media on family disintegration based on gender, family's monthly income, and educational level. The study recommends raising awareness among families and society about the potential dangers associated with improper use of social media platforms.
22
Samuel, Mugisha, Edward Bantu, and Faith Nakalema. "Understanding and Addressing the Impact of Parental Stress and Stigma in Raising Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Low-Resource Settings." IAA Journal of Biological Sciences 12, no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/iaajb/2024/122.566011.
Full textAbstract:
The burden on parents raising children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is escalating globally, particularly in middle and low-income countries, where access to resources and support is limited. This study aimed to investigate the levels of stress, stigma, and coping strategies among parents of children with ASD in Kawempe Division, Kampala, Uganda. Through a sample of 28 parents drawn from Katalemwa Cheshire Home, data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed very high levels of stress and stigma among parents, as evidenced by a grand mean of 3.71 (SD = 0.79) for stress and 3.57 (SD = 0.55) for stigma. These stressors encompassed various domains, including financial difficulties, marital conflicts, and psychological strain resulting from societal discrimination. Parents reported experiencing feelings of shame, embarrassment, and hopelessness, exacerbated by societal misconceptions and the lack of support systems. Notably, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among parents (45.9%) surpassed previous estimates, indicating a significant mental health burden within this population. Furthermore, the coping mechanisms employed by parents were found to be inadequate, with a grand mean of 1.78 (SD = 0.77) for coping strategies. Positive coping strategies, such as seeking new job opportunities for their children, were limited, while negative coping mechanisms, including substance abuse and rudeness, were more prevalent. These findings underscore the urgent need for tailored interventions to equip parents with effective coping strategies and stress management techniques. The study highlights the challenges faced by parents raising children with ASD in low resource settings, shedding light on the psychological, social, and economic burdens they endure. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive support systems, including training programs, workshops, and access to resources aimed at empowering parents and enhancing their well-being. By understanding and addressing the specific stressors and coping mechanisms within this population, interventions can be developed to alleviate the burdens faced by parents, ultimately improving their quality of life and promoting the holistic development of children with ASD. Keywords: Stress, Stigma, Coping Strategies, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Raising children
23
Odunaike, Bolawale Abayomi, and Olarenwaju Emmanuel Ajiboye. "Low-Income Women Entrepreneurs and Household Sustainability in Badagry; A Border Community in Lagos, Nigeria." JWEE, no. 3-4 (December 28, 2020): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee20.34.pp165-180.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, the contribution of women to household sustainability was limited to the reproduction, raising of children and carrying out domestic chores, while men solely take up the financial burdens. Due to changes in the family institution, gender-based roles were becoming blurred as couples tend to share both domestic and economic responsibilities. Although, many studies have been done on women entrepreneurs, there is dearth of empirical research among the low-income ones in border communities. This study, therefore, was designed to examine how low-income women entrepreneurs sustain their households and trades in Badagry area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Gender Role Ideology provided theoretical orientation, while the descriptive design was adopted using both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Agbalata market was purposely chosen owing to its size and commercial activities involving both local and cross border women traders. Two hundred and fifty women were selected for the survey, while twenty were selected for in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while interviews were content analysed. However, most women engaged in trade to support their household economically which affected the expansion of their business negatively. Majority of the older women engaged in trades to cater for their grandchildren. Family size was a determinant of the sustainability of the business. The study recommends that governmental intervention in terms of loan provision is essential to the survival of low-income women traders in border communities.
24
Mukembo, Stephen, and Craig Edwards. "Improving Livelihoods through Youth-Adult Partnerships involving School-based, Agripreneurship Projects: The Experiences of Adult Partners in Uganda." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 27, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2020.27262.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing number of unemployed and underemployed youth across the globe, especially in developing countries, has reached alarming levels. In Africa, for example, this phenomenon has led to some youth making treacherous journeys across the Mediterranean Sea to Europe and other parts of the world in search of better livelihoods. Such an influx of immigrants, primarily to Europe and North America, has caused resentment and outcries by many citizens of the affected nations. Some of these challenges, however, could be allayed by engaging youth in income-generating projects, including agricultural entrepreneurship, i.e., agripreneurship, to create jobs and improve livelihoods. This may be achieved through Youth-Adult Partnerships (YAPs) by which youth and adults work together on agricultural projects of mutual interest. This study explored the experiences of adult partners in Uganda who collaborated with youth on their school-based, agripreneurial projects (SAPs) involving the raising of broiler chickens. Because of their partnership working on SAPs, both the youths’ and adults’ knowledge and understanding of concepts related to agripreneurship and raising of broilers chickens improved. The need exists to provide an enabling environment to promote an agripreneurial culture among youth through Y-APs if we seek to inspire them to pursue agripreneurship and related opportunities for job creation while also enabling the food security of communities and improved livelihoods for their citizens. Keywords: agripreneurship; improving livelihoods; project-based learning; school-based agripreneurial projects; youth unemployment; youth-adult partnerships
25
Hossain, Mahbub. "Difference in the patterns of food consumption of rural households in Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i2.41987.
Full textAbstract:
Food consumption pattern hints the proportion of various foods that households consume to meet their nutritional requirements, which is crucial to know from the policy perspective. While several studies have documented a strong link between household dietary diversity and nutritional status of household members, especially of children; the evidence that whether or not the proportions of households’ intake of nutrients from different foods differ across the income levels is almost nonexistent. The present study fills in this void in the literature by generating evidence on variations in the consumption pattern with income in the context of a low middle-income country. By using data from a national level rural households survey, this paper finds that food consumption pattern significantly differs across income classes and notably with a rise in income households tend to substitute less nutritious food with more nutritious food. However it is found that carbohydrates dominate the rural households’ diets with few proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Hence as far as food security is concerned, policymakers need to emphasize on policies that would promote households’ behavioral change in respect of food choices. Less income inequality in the economy may also be conducive to improve national food security.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 232–235, June 2019
26
Shitindi, Jeston. "Influence of Poverty on Streetism of Children in Dar Es Salaam and Dodoma Cities." Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jpid.1743.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Tanzania has been implementing several initiatives to address the challenge of street children in the country. Despite such efforts, the child streetism has become the daily reality and has shown the sign of increasing. This dissertation is a study on the influence of poverty and family support on child streetism in urban Tanzania. Specifically, the study focused on analysing the lived experiences of street children; describing the influence of income poverty on streetism of children.
Methodology: The study adopted interpretivism research paradigm using descriptive cross-sectional design and inductive research approach. It involved a total of 38 informants who were purposively selected while the snowballing sampling technique was used in accessing street children. Semi-structured interview, documentary review and observation method were conducted.
Findings: Through thematic and content data analysis techniques, this study reveals that street children experienced difficulties in getting their basic needs and did not easily access health services when they fell sick. They also engaged into intra-violence among themselves. Further, child streetism has been largely influenced by income poverty. Regarding coping strategies, street children engaged into begging, unsafe sex and petty income-generating activities such as car wash and bottle collection. They also used self-medication to treat themselves when they fell sick or being left at the hospital buildings or on the street by their fellow street children when the condition got worse.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Additionally, they did not have any coping strategy to enroll themselves into the school. The study also revealed that vulnerability and rational choice perspectives must be used in exploring the lived experienced of street children instead of using the vulnerability perspective alone. The rational choice perspective explains, among others, why street children sustain street life hardships and difficulties instead of going back to their families.
27
Bobrus-Nowińska, Ewelina. "Interpretation Problems Relating the Scope of Meaning of the Term “Person Single-Handedly Raising Child” in the Polish Law." Roczniki Nauk Prawnych 32, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rnp22322.1.
Full textAbstract:
Until the end of 2021, in accordance with the Act on Personal Income Tax (PIT Act), persons single-handedly raising children benefited from joint taxation with a child, while as of the beginning of 2022, they are entitled to the tax relief of PLN 1500. After growing criticism of the recent amendment to the act, our government decided to return to the former legal status. The aforementioned tax advantage, while being of great practical importance, raised and will continue to raise several doubts after the amendment. One of the most important issues is the precise definition of who is a “single parent” – whether this criterion is met when a child lives with one parent, but contacts the other parent and spends time with him or her occasionally, or when divorced parents have joint custody of a child. The Polish Deal (Polski Ład) partially addresses these doubts, but obviously does not dispel all of them.
28
Galon, Eloiza May, Rochelle Haidee Ybañez, Adrian Miki Macalanda, Giemelene Rose Estabillo, Margaret Therese Rose Montano, Marielle Danise Veedor, Anatolio Garvida, et al. "First Molecular Identification of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma in Goats from the Philippines." Pathogens 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101109.
Full textAbstract:
Goats are key livestock animals and goat raising is an income-generating venture for smallholder farmers, supporting agricultural development in many parts of the world. However, goat production is often limited by various factors, such as tick-borne diseases. Goat piroplasmosis is a disease caused by apicomplexan parasites Babesia spp. and Theileria spp., while anaplasmosis is caused by bacterial Anaplasma spp. In the Philippines, the presence of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma has not been reported in goats. In this study, DNA obtained from goats were molecularly screened for Babesia/Theileria and Anaplasma. Of 396, 77.02% (305/396) and 38.64% (153/396) were positive for piroplasma and Anaplasma using PCR assays targeting the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Similarly, Babesia ovis was detected in six samples (1.52%). Representative Babesia/Theileria sequences shared 89.97–97.74% identity with each other and were most closely related to T. orientalis, T. annulata, and Theileria spp. Meanwhile, Anaplasma 16SrRNA sequences were related to A. odocoilei, A. platys, and A. phagocytophilum. This is the first molecular identification of B. ovis, Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. in goats from the Philippines.
29
Ekitoe, James Napeikar, Michael M. Kimotho, and Rose Atoni. "Influence of Principals’ Instructional Supervisory Practices on Teacher Motivation in Secondary Schools in Turkana West, Turkana County Kenya." Cradle of Knowledge: African Journal of Educational and Social Science Research (The) 11, no. 3 (October 7, 2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajessr.v11i3.1.
Full textAbstract:
The study investigated on the influence of principals’ supervisory practices on teacher motivation in secondary schools in Turkana West Sub County. Embedded design was adopted. The target population comprised of all; secondary schools, principals, board of management, teachers and field education officers. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used. Data was collected using focused group discussions, in-depth interviews guides and questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using transcription, coding, categorizing and coming up with themes. The study results revealed that principals’ supervisory practices had positive correlation to teacher motivation. It further established that positive effect of the principals’ supervisory practices on teacher motivation were impeded by financial constraints faced by principals. The study recommended that principals should adopt clinical and collegial supervisory practices. That principals should involve teachers in collective goal setting as well as awarding outstanding teachers’ performance. The study also recommended that principals should initiate income generating projects in schools and involve parents’ teachers’ association in raising funds to ease financial constraints that impede supervisory practices that mitigate on teacher motivation.
30
Anderson, AK, AJ Nianogo, S. Some, S. Pousga, and WS Kisaalita. "Guinea fowl production: The potential for nutrition and income generation in rural households in Burkina Faso." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 114 (November 11, 2022): 21713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.114.21725.
Full textAbstract:
Small-scale poultry keeping is a common practice particularly among low-income households in sub-Saharan African countries. Due to the limited resources of these households, the flock is raised on a free-range basis, where the birds are left to fend for themselves, mostly affecting their performance. Well-structured poultry farming among these low-income households has the potential to improve not only the financial standing, but also the nutrition and health of the households. The purpose of this survey was to understand existing household food practices and aspirations for expanded poultry business among mothers of young children involved in smallholder guinea fowl farming in Burkina Faso. This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of women engaged in small-scale poultry. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Questionnaire for data collection was administered in a face-to-face interview format by trained research assistants. All interviews were conducted in MORE, the predominant language spoken in the study area. Descriptive analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and reported as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and means for continuous variables. One hundred and fifty women with children under 5 years of which 98.7% were the biological mothers participated in the study. About 68% of participants were 28 years or older, 45% have no formal education and 30% had 6 or more children in the household. Although over 58% of participants reported household income from agriculture, only 8.7% was livestock related. About half of the participants reported they would market/sell products from expansion of guinea fowl farming to raise additional income to support the household, while another half would use some of the meat and eggs to improve the nutrition of the household. Findings from this study suggest mothers from low-income rural households are interested in income-generating avenues, particularly, expansion in their smallholder guinea fowl farming to improve the socio-economic standing and nutritional health of their household. Key words: Guinea Fowl Production, Low-income Households, Nutrition, Nutritional Health, Poultry
31
Asempah, Michael Kwame, Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa, David Boansi, Emmanuel Abokyi, and Nicholas Oppong Mensah. "Why cassava processors will patronize mechanized cassava peeling machine service." Rivista di Economia Agraria 78, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rea-14436.
Full textAbstract:
Cassava peeling machines are available but are inaccessible and prohibitively expensive, especially for small-scale processors to acquire. This paper examines the perception and willingness of smallholder cassava processors to pay for cassava peeling machine services using data from 300 cassava processors in the Bono East Region of Ghana. A perception index from a 5-point Likert Scale and Cragg’s Double Hurdle model were the methods of analysis. The results revealed a perception index of 2.54 and this implies that cassava processors have neutral perception about the cassava peeling machine service. Also, it was found that majority of the processors (75.33%) are not aware of existence of the cassava peeling machine. In addition, we find that 99.63% of the cassava processors are willing to patronize the services of the cassava peeling machine. Moreover, cassava processors are willing to pay an average amount of GH₵ 4.21 for a 50 kg bag of cassava peeled using the services of the cassava peeling machine. Furthermore, the study revealed that factors such as educational level, quantity produced per processing cycle and the dependence on cassava processing as the main source of income positively and significantly influenced willingness to pay for the services. Finally, the amount processors were willing to pay was influenced by educational level, household size, source of income, perception about machine’s complications and group membership. The study recommends that investors consider installing cassava peeling machines to provide commercial cassava peeling services in processing areas. While generating income to investors, it will contribute to reducing postharvest losses during cassava processing. Future efforts should focus on raising awareness about the availability and benefits of commercialization of mechanized peeling of cassava.
32
Green, Cherie C., Jodie Smith, Catherine A. Bent, Lacey Chetcuti, Rhylee Sulek, Mirko Uljarević, and Kristelle Hudry. "Differential predictors of well-being versus mental health among parents of pre-schoolers with autism." Autism 25, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 1125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320984315.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive research has shown elevated mental health difficulties among parents of children with autism compared to other parents. Although several studies have explored factors related to mental health among parents of children with autism, the factors that influence and promote well-being remain poorly characterised. Parents of young, newly diagnosed autistic children may also be particularly vulnerable to stressors that impact mental health and well-being. We examined child-, parent-, and family/socioeconomic factors associated with concurrent mental health and well-being among 136 parents of young children with autism, aged 13–48 months. Parental mental health was predicted by both trait negative emotionality and reported child autism symptoms, while well-being was predicted by parent factors alone, including trait extraversion and mindfulness. Broader child characteristics and family/socioeconomic contextual factors made no significant contribution in regression models. While the mental health and well-being of parents with young autistic children are associated with one another, unique predictors seem to exist. That well-being was uniquely predicted by a modifiable parent characteristic – mindfulness – suggests the potential for early supports to bring direct benefits for parents, in the context of raising a young child with autism. Lay abstract Raising a child with autism has been linked to mental health difficulties. Poor parental mental health is likely influenced by various factors – including child-, parent-, and family/socioeconomic characteristics. However, little is known about what influences and promotes well-being (as opposed to mental health) among parents of young, newly diagnosed autistic children who may be particularly vulnerable. We examined child-, parent-, and family/socioeconomic factors associated with each of mental health and well-being in a sample of 136 parents of pre-school-aged children. Parental mental health was linked to both child- (i.e. autism symptom severity) and parent-related factors (i.e. personality traits reflecting a tendency to experience negative emotions). By contrast, in additional to mental health difficulties, which were linked to well-being, only other parent-related characteristics (and not child characteristics) were related to well-being. These included personality traits reflecting a tendency to be more extraverted/sociable, and also mindfulness. Other child-related and family/socioeconomic context factors (including household income, parental education level) were not linked to parental mental health or well-being in this sample. These results support the idea that poorer mental health and well-being are not simply the opposite of one another. That is, while these two factors were related, they were linked to different personal characteristics. Perhaps most importantly, the link between well-being and mindfulness – a personal characteristic that parents can improve – suggests mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in directly supporting parental well-being in the context of raising a young child with autism.
33
Gabil, Hanan, Benaouda Bensaid, Tahar Tayachi, and Faleel Jamaldeen. "The Need for Shari’ah-Compliant Awqāf Banks." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13040076.
Full textAbstract:
Bridging global economic inequalities calls for effective financial alternatives such as awqāf banks to better attend to the needs of the poor and underprivileged. This is expected to address the root causes of poverty and ensuing economic gaps, improving much of the living standards whether pertaining to education, health, shelter, employment or basic social services while reducing the state’s economic and financial burden. We envision awqāf banks as institutions which are established through cash awqāf and which operate multiple awqāf funds alongside an assortment of financial instruments. The main use of their awqāf funds are the issue of low-cost credit to the poor, economically disadvantaged and underprivileged, instead of focusing solely on generating and maximizing shareholder profits. This is to support the economy through of steady and sustainable growth, effectively raising the lower bar on per capita income and lifting multitudes out of poverty and need. This paper explores how low-cost credit can be provided to the poor or lower income demographics through awqāf banks, while addressing relevant issues such as Shari’ah compliance, services rendering, investment and awqāf distribution. This paper also examines current studies on awqāf in relation to finance and banking, the basic functions, and characteristics of the Shari’ah-compliant awqāf bank, as well as evaluations of awqāf banks. Current studies show that there is a legitimate need for Shari’ah-compliant awqāf banks which not only providing services for its beneficiaries but also manage investments and awqāf funds that contribute to overall national development and economic growth. This study would be of high relevance to experts, practitioners, financial managers, regulators, and policy makers in the fields of awqāf, banking and finance.
34
Sultana, Humera. "WOMEN DECISION MAKING POWER AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EFFECT ON CHILDREN’S WELLBEING IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (June 30, 2023): 827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1195.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, growing economic needs, increasing dependency ratio, poverty, and unemployment with gender differences enforcing females to participate in economic activities. Female entrepreneurs are recognized as an economic driver for the growth as well economy generating income for their own, families and creating employment for other females. However being a woman, that usually becomes hard to manage work-life balance and hence they shift the workload on their children. This study aims to explore the links among female entrepreneurs (own household enterprises) on child education and employment. The Probit model is used to estimate the model for that purpose cross-sectional data of HIES (Household Integrated Economic Survey) is employed for the period 2018-2019. The finding of the results reveals that female having enterprises positively influence girls' employment while the effect on education it remained insignificant. Meanwhile, empowerment influences education with a negative sign that shows the presence of daughters in the labor force. While for boys only empowerment shows significant results. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Employment, Time allocation, Children, Well-being
35
Al-Shirawi, Mariam E. "A Comparison of Marital Satisfaction of Mothers Raising a Child with Intellectual Disability versus a Child with Autism Disorder in Bahrain: Mixed Method Study." Journal of Studies in Education 8, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jse.v8i2.13100.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the current mixed method study was to explore marital satisfaction of mothers raising children with Intellectual disability (I.D), or Autism disorder Children (A.D).The participants were thirty seven mothers, 21 of them had a child with autism disorder and 16 had a child with Intellectual disability. Twenty two of the mothers participated in the semi-structured interviews using the marital satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) which is a self-report questionnaire prepared to assess marital satisfaction. The results reported 70% of the mothers had high level marital satisfaction. Results showed no significant difference in the level of marital satisfaction between mothers of children with (I.D) and mothers of children with (A.D). The regression analyses indicated that social support, significantly predicted mothers' marital satisfaction, while other variables (income, child birth order, gender of a child, age of a child, age of mother, age of husband, social support, marital years) were not found to be influential in predicting marital satisfaction. Qualitative thematic analysis showed that most of the mothers have a high level of marital satisfaction and received support from their husbands, their families and their mothers’ in-law, as well as support from professional specialists like pediatricians, psychologists, special education teachers and some friends.
36
Ajewole, O. C., G. M. Adebo, and B. O. Fadipe. "Household Attitudes towards Sustainable Management of Urban Green Spaces and Parks in Lagos State, Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.68.6541.
Full textAbstract:
The attitude of urban dwellers is essential to the sustainable management of green spaces and parks in their environment. The study was carried out to examine various ways of raising fund, preferred mode of contribution and determinants of mode of contribution of the respondents to sustainable management of urban green spaces and parks. A total of 120 respondents were purposively selected based on the existence of green spaces and parks in six local government areas of Lagos state, Nigeria, Frequency counts, percentages and multivariate Probit regression model were used to analyze the data. The result shows that voluntary donations and Tax were rated by 40.8% of the respondents respectively as the most viable way of generating funds for sustainable management and maintenance of urban green spaces and park in Lagos state. Also, 46.67% of the respondents were willing to donate or pay cash as their means of contributing to sustainable management of green spaces and parks, while 6.67% were not willing to donate or render any assistance for sustainable management of green spaces and parks. The study affirmed that the Sex, Marital status, and average monthly income of the respondents had positive and significant influence on the respondents’ contribution to sustainable management of urban green space and parks, while educational level had a negative influence on the mode respondents’ contribution to sustainable management of green spaces and parks.
37
Kartawinata, Budi Rustandi, Aldi Akbar, Aditya Wardhana, and Khansa Fairuz Citra. "Influence of Financial Literacy and Frugal Lifestyle on the Concept of Childfree in Childbearing Age Couples (PUS) in West Java." Journal of Business Management and Economic Development 2, no. 02 (March 1, 2024): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v2i02.653.
Full textAbstract:
Frugal Living or commonly known as a frugal lifestyle is a lifestyle that places a person's consciousness at the highest level when using the money they have while still paying attention to the value of an item. Many people interpret a frugal lifestyle as a frugal lifestyle, which is not wrong, although when it comes to the word frugal, individuals usually put aside the qualities obtained by adopting a frugal lifestyle. Childfree is a term that is often referred to as a concept when married couples decide to choose a life path of not having or raising children. Frugal Living and Childfree are lifestyles that are widely adopted by society, especially young married couples, for the reason that the decision not to have or raise children is because they do not have enough income so that if they have or raise children it will only increase their obligations which will lead to difficulties in managing them. Family finance. These couples of childbearing age (PUS) believe that frugal living is one of their actions by not having or raising children so that their finances can be managed well. Financial literacy is the ability to understand and use a variety of financial skills effectively, including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing. When you are financially literate, you have a basic relationship with money, and it is a lifelong learning journey. The earlier you start, the better off you will be, because education is the key to success when it comes to money. This research seeks to find a relationship between the literacy level of every young couple in Indonesia and the decision to adopt a frugal and childfree lifestyle, especially in West Java Province.
38
KOVTUNENKO, Kseniia, Alina VLAIEVA, and Albina KOVALENKO. "Role of tourism industry in generating foreign exchange." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The tourism industry affects the development of both individual countries and the world economy as a whole. With the expansion of international trade and other forms of international economic relations, raising the level of culture and education, tourism is developing rapidly. Significant impact on the activities of the tourism sector is caused by exchange rate fluctuations. As the tourism industry cannot adjust the exchange rate on its own, it has to adapt to currency fluctuations. Thus, the role of the tourism industry in the formation of foreign currency is significant, so the question of the impact of the tourism industry on the formation of foreign currency is relevant today. The purpose of thepaper is to determine the role of the tourism industry in the formation of foreign currency. Results. International tourism is the most numerous commodity in world foreign trade, and for some countries it is already the most important export sector and foreign exchange earnings. As the world is currently experiencing a global health, social and economic emergency with the COVID-19 pandemic, travel and tourism are among the most affected sectors with local aircraft, closed hotels and travel restrictions in almost all countrieіs. The exchange of foreign currency is associated with the purchase or sale of currency other than their own. The rate at which the currency of one country can be converted into the currency of another country is the unit price in terms of another currency in which the exchange takes place. For the tourism industry, a “strong” currency makes its country less attractive, while travel to countries with a “weak” currency is encouraged. A further fall in the dollar against the euro will mean that Europeans, inspired by the purchasing power of the euro and the low dollar, will be much more likely to visit the United States and countries whose currencies are pegged to the dollar as tourists. Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of the conducted analysis it is possible to define that really, there is an interdependence of development of tourist branch and formation of foreign currency in the country. Particular attention should be paid to further study of exchange rate changes and their impact on the intensity of tourism development. In countries where the local currency is pegged to the US dollar, the depreciation of the dollar will also depreciate the local currency. Changes in exchange rates affect the level of price competition in countries, as well as the growth rate of national income.
39
Ashraf, Lamisa, Priyanka Agrawal, Aminur Rahman, Md Al-Amin Bhuiyan, Shumona Sharmin Salam, Qingfeng Li, and Abdulgafoor M. Bachani. "Caregivers’ Compliance and Perception of Daycare Centers—A Community-Based Childhood Drowning Prevention Intervention Implemented in Rural Bangladesh." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159537.
Full textAbstract:
Drowning was one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide for children under five in 2020. Drowning was the second leading cause of death for children under five in Bangladesh, while 58% of all deaths in the 1–5 years old age group resulted from drowning. Adult supervision helps prevent child drowning in rural areas where water bodies are easily accessible and located very close to homes. This paper aims to assess caregivers’ compliance and perception of community daycare centers in rural Bangladesh, piloted as a child drowning prevention intervention. In this longitudinal study, each child enrolled in the daycare intervention was visited and data on compliance and satisfaction with the daycare were collected. Descriptive statistics on daycare attendance, patterns of supervision, and caregivers’ perceptions about daycare were reported. When inquired about daycare attendance (n = 226,552), a total of 77.4% of children (n = 175,321) were found to attend daycare. The distance from homes and an adult’s unavailability to take the child to daycare were the most common reasons for not attending or discontinuing enrollment. The majority of children (76.4%) were supervised by their mothers during daycare closures. A total of 67.7% of respondents perceived daycare to be a safe place, where children also developed cognitive (51.7%) and social skills (50.6%). There were no incidences of drowning among children while attending daycare. Rural families were found to be compliant with the daycare and professed it to be a safe place protecting children from drowning and other injuries, while allowing them to focus on household chores or income-generating activities. These findings indicate a potential for the expansion of this intervention in rural Bangladesh and similar settings.
40
Cameron, Claire, Margaret O'Brien, Lydia Whitaker, Katie Hollingworth, and Hanan Hauari. "Income, ethnic diversity and family life in East London during the first wave of the pandemic: An assets approach." Journal of Family Research 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 221–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-725.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This paper reports first results from a survey of 992 parents and parents to be living in an ethnically diverse and socio-economically unequal borough of East London during the coronavirus pandemic that reduced mobility, closed services and threatened public health.
Background: Little is known about the place based impacts of the pandemic on families with young children. We describe the living circumstances of families with children under five or expecting a baby living in Tower Hamlets during the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020, and then examine the relative importance of household characteristics such as ethnicity and household income for adverse impacts on survey respondents, as seen in mental health outcomes.
Method: a community survey sample recruited with support from the local council comprised 75% mothers/pregnant women, 25% fathers/partners of pregnant women. Reflecting the borough population, 35 percent were White British or Irish and 36 percent were Bangladeshi, and the remainder were from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds. Adopting an assets based approach, we describe material, familial and community assets using three household income bands and seven ethnic groups. We then use regressions to identify which assets were most important in mitigating adversity.
Results: We find that material assets (income, employment, food insecurity, housing quality) were often insecure and in decline but familial assets (home caring practices, couple relationships) were largely sustained. Community assets (informal support, service provision) were less available or means of access had changed. Our analyses find that while descriptively ethnicity structured adverse impacts of the pandemic related changes to family life, income and couple relationships were the most important assets for mitigating adversity as seen in mental health status.
Conclusion: Supporting family assets will require close attention to generating local and decent work as well as enhancing access to community assets.
41
Febrianto, Priyono Tri. "Single Mothers' Survival Strategies of University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic." Society 9, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v9i1.301.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the social and economic sectors. Family, the smallest social unit, is experiencing the impact, particularly for the woman as single-parent. Being a single parent is either a choice, decision, or condition that must be accepted due to the spouse’s passing or other condition. Single parents carried numerous burdens alone, including earning a living and raising the children. These burdens have a significant impact on single parents. This study aims to reveal single-parent families’ survival mechanisms. The research applied a qualitative method by interviewing single mothers from university students in East Java Province, Indonesia. This study used the theory of survival mechanism proposed by James Scott. The study found that instabilities generated by the COVID-19 pandemic produced enormous diminishing income. Such ordeals faced by single parents are burdensome because they initially had to support the family amid the feeble economy. Income vulnerability becomes a deep concern for single mothers. Pandemic COVID-19 caused these mothers to empower themselves and develop various survival strategies. The mothers from middle-class families live frugally and selective when they buy something they need. While mothers from lower-class families did different survival mechanisms, range from careful spending, owe some money, and open a business using their ex-husband’s savings. Furthermore, they are also working overtime, empowering their children to help with the work, diversifying jobs by opening food stalls up to have an online shop. Therefore, it can be assumed that the COVID-19 pandemic has made single parents struggle even more to fulfil their family needs.
42
Karruz, Ana Paula. "Through Rainy Days: Advancing Education and Health amidst an Unfavorable Local Economy." Revista de Sociologia e Política 26, no. 68 (December 2018): 121–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678987318266801.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction While life standards have substantially ameliorated in Brazil, the last few years witnessed a slow-growing economy, raising concerns on whether educational and public health improvements will endure. Questions are posed regarding how governments countrywide may shelter against economic turbulence and keep improving social conditions through rainy days. In particular, what public policy can do to sustain or even increase human development (HD) in the absence of economic growth (EG)? Materials and Methods This study explores the sociodemographic and budgetary traits of Brazilian municipalities that experienced less-than-expected growth in the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI)’s income dimension, nonetheless advanced more than expected on schooling and longevity. Municipalities whose mean per capita income advanced less than foreseen were grouped according to growth in MHDI’s social dimensions. Chances of falling into a given group were estimated through a multinomial logit model. Results The analysis suggests that, in a stalled or slow economy, the probability of social improvement is sensitive to families’ income level, educational achievement in households with children, local budget composition and apportionment, age and size of population, and already existing HD levels. Discussion I argue that non-income influences - namely, public policy from central and local governments - can have substantive effects on HD, containing losses or even promoting HD advancements amidst an unfavorable economy. Such assertion builds upon works from Development Studies, adapting them from the cross-country perspective to the cross-municipality level. Additionally, research on decentralization and fiscal federalism provide grounds for adjusting the theoretical model. A more balanced countrywide distribution of family and government resources foreshadows lesser vulnerability through rainy days.
43
Kadoya, Yoshihiko, Somtip Watanapongvanich, Pattaphol Yuktadatta, Pongpat Putthinun, Stella T. Lartey, and Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan. "Willing or Hesitant? A Socioeconomic Study on the Potential Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 2, 2021): 4864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094864.
Full textAbstract:
The worldwide COVID-19 vaccination program is already underway, raising hopes and aspirations to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic that halted economic and social activities. However, the issue of vaccine effectiveness and its side-effects is influencing the potential acceptance of vaccines. In this uncertain situation, we used data from a nationwide survey in Japan during February 2021, following the Japanese government’s initial phase of COVID-19 vaccination. Our results show that 47% of the respondents are willing to take a vaccine once it is available, while 22% are not willing and another 31% remain indecisive. Our ordered probit regression results show that demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables such as gender, age, subjective health status, children, household income, household assets, financial literacy, future anxiety, and myopic view of the future are associated with willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings suggest that Japan’s government should not adopt a one-size-fits-all policy to promote the vaccination program, but rather target people with specific socioeconomic backgrounds who are less willing and more hesitant to take a vaccine.
44
Hartog, Kim, Ruth M. H. Peters, Racheal Kisakye Tukahiirwa, and Mark J. D. Jordans. "Reducing stigma impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: The development of a common multi-component stigma reduction intervention." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): e0292064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292064.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Stigmatisation impedes health and quality of life. Evidence regarding stigma reduction interventions is, albeit growing, limited. There is a gap in the availability and evidence of interventions for reducing stigma among children and adolescents, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper describes the process that led to a stigma reduction intervention impacting children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, following previously conducted formative research. Methods In this study, we conducted (i) online stakeholder consultations (FGD) (n = 43), including a survey assessing intervention acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and scalability (n = 16); and (ii) preliminary field-testing of intervention content online and in a refugee settlement in Uganda. Findings Stakeholder consultation showed the initial version of STRETCH (Stigma Reduction to Trigger Change for Children), albeit positively received, required adaptations. We made adjustments to i) take into account implementation duration, intervention flexibility and intersectionality; (ii) strengthen the involvement of individuals, including adolescents/youth, with lived stigma experience; (iii) target people close to individuals with lived stigma experience; and (iv) address feasibility and sustainability concerns. Preliminary field-testing simplified STRETCH while adding a community outreach component and revisiting the intervention setup, to ensure STRETCH can also be applied from a modular perspective. Conclusion We conducted a process to develop a child-focused multi-component stigma reduction intervention, with intended applicability across stigmas and settings. This paper provides an overview of the intervention development process, generating intervention-specific learnings with generic value. STRETCH aims to reduce stigmatisation at the implementing organisation, create community-wide reflection and stigma reduction demand, and reduce stigmatisation among various target groups.
45
Feyrer, James, Bruce Sacerdote, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Will the Stork Return to Europe and Japan? Understanding Fertility within Developed Nations." Journal of Economic Perspectives 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.3.3.
Full textAbstract:
We seek to explain the differences in fertility rates across high-income countries by focusing on the interaction between the increasing status of women in the workforce and their status in the household, particularly with regards to child care and home production. We observe three distinct phases in women's status generated by the gradual increase in women's workforce opportunities. In the earliest phase, characteristic of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States, women earn low wages relative to men and are expected to shoulder all of the child care at home. As a result, most women specialize in home production and raising children. In an intermediate stage, women have improved (but not equal) labor market opportunities, but their household status lags. Women in this stage are still expected to do the majority of child care and household production. Increasing access to market work increases the opportunity cost of having children, and fertility falls. Female labor force participation increases. Working women in this phase of development have the strongest disincentives to having additional children since the entire burden of child care falls on them. In the final phase of development, women's labor market opportunities begin to equal those of men. In addition, the increased household bargaining power that comes from more equal wages results in much higher (if not gender-equal) male participation in household production. Female labor force participation is higher than in the intermediate phase. The increased participation of men in the household also reduces the disincentives for women to have additional children, and fertility rates rise compared to the intermediate phase. The intermediate, low-fertility phase might describe Japan, Italy, and Spain in the present day, while the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, and the modern-day United States may be entering the final phase. After presenting the empirical evidence, we predict that high-income countries with the lowest fertility rates are likely to see an increase in fertility in the coming decades.
46
Lehmann, Jennifer. "Editorial." Children Australia 38, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2013.1.
Full textAbstract:
No doubt the mid-year will see academic staff scurrying to complete Semester 1 teaching and marking, and those of you working in the field will be well into the swing of the year and facing a variety of funding issues as the new financial year emerges. The last few years have been difficult in terms of funding for health and community service programmes and, while the focus has been on enquiries into child abuse, mental health assessment of young children, the acute lack of affordable housing and pressures on single parents raising children, the Australian atmosphere, in general, is one of restraint and pulling back from funding of welfare services. This comes at a time when Australia has enjoyed much better financial well-being than many other countries in the world and, ironically, there appears to have been a drop in what the Government refers to as welfare dependency. However, as the population is continuing to increase and we are continuing to experience the economic losses associated with severe weather events and climate change, it seems we are also, as a nation, less inclined to be generous to those who experience ongoing disadvantage. The gap, according to Nicholas Biddle and Maxine Montaigne (2012) of the Australian National University, is not as great as that in the USA ‒ hardly something we would want to emulate‒ but is still increasing. While on average Australians have experienced an increase in income since the 2006 Census, this is not evenly distributed between states, regions and suburbs. We know that loss of a stable and sufficient income, as in the event of loss of employment, has major impacts on the well-being of family members and this was the message reiterated at the ‘Securing the Future’ Conference held last November. Clearly, we have a long way to go before our services will be able to truly address structural disadvantage.
47
Rahman, Md Tahidur, Md Jahangir Alam, Noyon Ahmed, Dulal Chandra Roy, and Papia Sultana. "Trend of risk and correlates of under-five child undernutrition in Bangladesh: an analysis based on Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data, 2007–2017/2018." BMJ Open 13, no. 6 (June 2023): e070480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070480.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to identify the trend of undernutrition risk among under-five children (U5C) in Bangladesh and the trend of its correlates.DesignMultiple cross-sectional data sets from different time points were used.SettingNationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) were conducted in 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017/2018.ParticipantsIn the BDHSs, the sample sizes for ever-married women (age: 15–49 years) were 5300 in 2007, 7647 in 2011, 6965 in 2014 and 7902 in 2017/2018.OutcomesExtant indicators of undernutrition (stunted, wasted and underweight) have been considered as the outcome variables.Materials and methodsDescriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and factor loadings from factor analysis have been used to determine the prevalence of undernutrition over the years and find the trend of risk and its correlates.ResultsRisks of stunting among the U5C were 41.70%, 40.67%, 36.57% and 31.14%; that of wasting were 16.94%, 15.48%, 14.43% and 8.44%; and that of underweight were 39.79%, 35.80%, 32.45% and 22.46% in 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017/2018, respectively. From the factor analysis, it has been found that the top five potential correlates of undernutrition are the wealth index, the education of the father and mother, the frequency of antenatal visits during pregnancy, the father’s occupation and/or the type of place of residence in the last four consecutive surveys.ConclusionThis study helps us gain a better understanding of the impact of the top correlates on child undernutrition. To accelerate the reduction of child undernutrition more by 2030, Government and non-government organisations should focus on improving education and household income-generating activities among poor households and raising awareness among women about the importance of receiving antenatal care during pregnancy.
48
Sarfraz, Azza, Sheraz Ahmed, Sajid Muhammad, Najeeb Rehman, Sanam Iram Soomro, Khaliq Qureshi, Sadaf Jakhro, et al. "Standard RUTF vs. locally-made RUSF for acutely malnourished children: A quasi-experimental comparison of the impact on growth and compliance in a rural community of Pakistan." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 12, 2023): e0287962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287962.
Full textAbstract:
Background The reduction in severe and moderate acute malnutrition (SAM and MAM) rates in Pakistan has been sub-optimal compared to other low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Specially-formulated products have been designed globally to manage SAM and MAM, such as ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) and ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), with variable efficacies. RUTF is primarily produced and patented in industrialized countries, raising supply challenges in resource-constrained regions with a high burden of acute malnutrition. RUSF minimizes costs by using locally-available ingredients while providing similar nutritional value. In this study, we compared the efficacy, side effects, and compliance of two months of supplementation with either RUTF or RUSF. Methods Children aged nine months in the rural district of Matiari, Pakistan, with a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) <-2 received either RUTF (500 kcal sachet) for two months in 2015 or RUSF (520 kcal sachet) for two months in 2018. Results The RUSF group had a higher height gain and mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) score. Higher compliance was noted with lower side effects in the RUSF group. A higher compliance rate did correlate with the growth parameters in respective groups. Conclusion Our study found that both RUTF and RUSF partially improve the anthropometric status of acutely malnourished children, with neither being superior to the other.
49
Satti Ibrahim, Ibitsam, Huda Mohamed Mukhtar, and Mazin Fikri Mohamed Osman. "The Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in Sudan: Results from the Sudan High-Frequency Survey on COVID-19, 2020." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 15, no. 1 (April 8, 2024): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53542/jass.v15i1.6487.
Full textAbstract:
The coronavirus outbreaks and the measures taken to control their spread negatively impacted the global economy. This study aims to provide insights into the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in Sudan, using data from the Sudan High-Frequency Survey on Covid-19 conducted by phone. The study used descriptive and analytical statistical analysis. The results revealed that about 98% of the population heard about the coronavirus. However, the measures taken to limit the spread of the virus were more practiced in Khartoum than in other regions. An estimate of about 1.7 million households (47%) lost income from any source due to COVID-19. Accordingly, around 25%-30% of households could not access staple foods and medicine. More than 90% of school- children in all regions, except Khartoum (76%), were not engaged in any education activity during school closures. Adopted coping strategies were living on previous savings in 1.3 million households (22%), reducing food consumption in 2.8 million households (48%), reducing non-food consumption in 1.4 million households (23%), relying on credit purchasing in 873,362 households (15%), and engaging in additional income-generating activities in 389,003 households (7%) while 7% received assistance from friends and relatives. These results will enable policymakers to design result-based policies to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of coronavirus in Sudan and to learn lessons for future precautions.
50
Madegwa, Brenda Muhavi, Sr Dr Elizabeth Piliyesi, and Sr Dr Theonestina Katundano. "PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKOLOMANI SUB- COUNTY, KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA." Journal of Education and Practice 3, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.309.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent the socio- economic background of parents influence the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Ikolomani Sub- County, Kakamega County. This study was guided by the following research questions: How does parental level of education influence students’ performance? How does parental occupation level influence students’ performance? How does parental income level influence students’performance? What are the socioeconomic challenges facing parents in enhancing students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in lkolomani Sub-County? What are the possible solutions to enhance students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in lkolomani Sub-County?Methodology: The study used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The study employed proportionate stratified random sampling to select the schools while purposive, cluster sampling and simple random sampling was used to select the students. Teachers were selected using stratified and simple random sampling. Principals, parents’ representatives and Education officer were purposively selected. Data were collected using questionnaires, document analysis and interview guide. Qualitative and quantitative data were concurrently collected and analyzed. Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS version 23) was used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed thematically to obtain views and perceptions of the respondents.Results: The study found that parental socio-economic background played a key role in enhancement of students’ academic performance.Recommendations: The study recommended that parents should be encouraged to start small income generating business so as to cater for the educational needs of their children.