Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Générateur de temps stochastique'
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Bourotte, Marc. "Générateur stochastique de temps multisite basé sur un champ gaussien multivarié." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0415/document.
Full textStochastic weather generators are numerical models able to simulate sequences of weather data with similar statistical properties than observed data. However, few of them are able to simulate several variables (with precipitation) at different sites from one region. In this thesis, we propose an original model of stochastic generator based on a spatio-temporal multivariate Gaussian random field. A first methodological work was needed to develop a completely non separable cross-covariance function suitable for the spatio-temporal multivariate nature of studied data. This cross-covariance function is a generalization to the multivariate case of spatio-temporal non-separable Gneiting covariance in the case of the family of Matérn. The proof of the validity of the model and the estimation of its parameters by weighted pairwise maximum likelihood are presented. An application on weather data shows the interest of this new model compared with existing models. The multivariate Gaussian random field allows the modeling of weather variables residuals (excluding precipitation). Residuals are obtained after normalization of variables by seasonal means and standard deviations, themselves modeled by sinusoidal functions. The integration of precipitation in the stochastic generator requires the transformation of a component of the Gaussian random field by an anamorphosis function. This anamorphosis function can manage both the occurrence and intensity of precipitation. The corresponding component of the Gaussian random field corresponds to a rain potential, correlated with other variables by the cross-covariance function developed in this thesis. Our stochastic weather generator was tested on a set of 18 stations distributed over the Mediterranean area (or close) in France. The conditional and non-conditional simulation of daily weather variables (maximum and minimum temperature, average wind speed, solar radiation and precipitation) for these 18 stations show good result for a number of statistics
Cassinelli, Alvaro. "Processeurs parallèles optoélectroniques stochastiques pour le traitement d'images en temps réel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00715890.
Full textKrouma, Meriem. "Ensemble weather forecast using a stochastic weather generator and analogs of the atmospheric circulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ010.
Full textEnsemble weather forecasts can help to better manage and anticipate the risks of extreme weather events. Nevertheless, weather forecasting is a complex task due to the chaotic behaviour of the atmosphere, which is a major source of uncertainties for sub-seasonal time scale (days to a month). To overcome these uncertainties, a large number of numerical simulations are required. It allows to determine the statistical distribution of the climate variables. In this thesis, we have developed a weather ensemble forecasting tool based on statistical and probabilistic methods to generate weather ensemble forecasts. The stochastic weather generator is designed to mimic the behaviour of climate variables based on atmospheric circulation analogs. We have tested this tool to forecast different climate variables such as European precipitation and the Madden-Julian oscillation. We have evaluated the performance of our forecasts using several forecast verification methods. In addition, we compared the performance of our forecast to other forecasts from international weather centers.We start by assessing the capacity of the stochastic weather generator to simulate precipitation in Europe at the local scale (city level). We found good performances in different regions of Europe for up to 10 days. We confirmed the importance of atmospheric circulation in the forecast of meteorological parameters. We also identified the influence of high and low pressure on good and bad forecasts. As a second step, we combined the stochastic weather generator with dynamical model outputs to obtain large ensembles of European precipitation forecasts up to 35 days ahead at a very local scale. This led to a significant improvement over the forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and Météo-France.Finally, we adjusted our model to forecast the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). The MJO is responsible for heavy precipitation in densely populated regions such as India. Our model provides a forecast of the MJO up to 40 days in advance and is competitive with numerical weather predictions. The results of this thesis have been the subject of (published and in discussion) scientific papers.Some other work on the predictability of meteorological variables has also been developed
Semghouni, Samy Rostom. "Modélisation stochastique des transactions temps réel." Le Havre, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LEHA0012.
Full textReal-time database systems (RTDBSs) are systems designed to address the applications which need real-time processing of large quantities of data. An RTDBS must guarantee the transactions ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties on one hand, and must schedule the transactions in order to meet their individual deadlines, on the other hand. In this thesis, we focus on stochastic and probabilistic study of the behavior of real-time transactions. The study is conducted under some assumptions such as the arrival mean of transactions, transactions type, concurrency control protocol (an optimistic and a pessimistic), and scheduling policy. We have then designed and developed a flexible and extensible RTDBS simulator, on which the study is done. The obtained results have shown that the transactions behavior can be approximated by a probabilistic model. The model is used to predict the transactions success ratio according to the system workload. We also propose a new scheduling policy for real-time transactions which uses criteria based on both transaction deadlines and transaction importance. This policy contributes to enhance the system performances (maximization of committing transactions), improving then the RTDBSs quality of service
Bracquemond, Cyril. "Modélisation stochastique du vieillissement en temps discret." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004670.
Full textLomüller, Victor. "Générateur de code multi-temps et optimisation de code multi-objectifs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM050/document.
Full textCompilation is an essential step to create efficient applications.This step allows the use of high-level and target independent languages while maintaining good performances.However, many obstacle prevent compilers to fully optimize applications.For static compilers, the major obstacle is the poor knowledge of the execution context, particularly knowledge on the architecture and data.This knowledge is progressively known during the application life cycle.Compilers progressively integrated dynamic code generation techniques to be able to use this knowledge.However, those techniques usually focuses on improvement of hardware capabilities usage but don't take data into account.In this thesis, we investigate data usage in applications optimization process on Nvidia GPU.We present a method that uses different moments in the application life cycle to create adaptive libraries able to take into account data size.Those libraries can therefore provide more adapted kernels.With the GEMM algorithm, the method is able to provide gains up to 100~\% while avoiding code size explosion.The thesis also investigate runtime code generation gains and costs from the execution speed, memory footprint and energy consumption point of view.We present and study 2 light-weight runtime code generation approaches that can specialize code.We show that those 2 approaches can obtain comparable, and even superior, gains compared to LLVM but at a lower cost
Cantet, Philippe. "Impacts du changement climatique sur les pluies extrêmes par l'utilisation d'un générateur stochastique de pluies." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20232.
Full textRecent studies showed difficulties to detect the trends on rainfall extreme phenomenon. That is why; an original approach is proposed to estimate the impacts of climate change on extreme rainfall by using an hourly rainfall stochastic generator. Climate evolution is detected from the generator parameterisation. Compared to usual methods, the generator parameters are estimated by average, and not by extreme, values of daily climatic characteristics. At the beginning, we focus on the modelisation of phenomena which influence the asymptotic behaviour of the generator. Based on the copula theory, the dependence between some generator variables is modelised and lead to a better regeneration of the extreme precipitation depth. Then a study shows the generator has a robust behaviour according to available data while it proposes a good estimation of rainfall quantiles. Simulations permit us to choose an adapted trend test and to show the modelisation of the studied phenomenon is of great importance in the relevance of the parameter stationarity rejection. A method is created to test a regional trend in a homogenous climatic zone from the construction of “regionalized” chronicles. From the daily information of 139 rain gauge stations, the stationarity of generator parameters was studied in metropolitan France between 1960-2003. Tests were performed from a local approach and from a regional one. A regional approach seems better to take into account a real change and to reduce the sampling problem. Changes observed on average rainfall characteristics are amplified when working with extreme events. The observed trends occur mainly between December and May when the rainfall occurrence increased during the four last decades in the most zones. Up to now, the taking into account of climate change does not lead to a big change in the quantiles estimation, when compared to their estimation under a hypothesis of stationary climate. However extreme rainfalls seem to be more frequent on the whole French territory except in the Mediterranean area. Besides, we propose an application by combining the climate model predictions and the rainfall generator. According to these results, it seems, for example, the heavy precipitation will increase in the Lorraine northern and in the Cevennes eastern during the 21st century
Peccati, Giovanni. "Chaos brownien d'espace-temps, décompositions d'Hoeffding et problèmes de convergence associés." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066288.
Full textLeblanc, Frédérique. "Estimation par ondelettes de la densité marginale d'un processus stochastique : temps discret, temps continu et discrétisation." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066369.
Full textMiliani, El Hadj. "Commande d'un convertisseur matriciel : application à un générateur actif." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2086.
Full textThe author proposes a contribution to the control of a naturally commutated matrix converter used in a variable speed constant frequency generating system. The association of the matrix converter and the synchronous generator is called active generator. This work describes a low cost and robust solution for the frequency conversion by using natural commutations. In the first chapter, the author presents several examples of variable speed constant frequency generating systems which transform the variable speed mechanical energy to a constant frequency electrical power. The matrix converter topology and its operation principle are also described. In order to present the active generator, a detailed study of the association “matrix converter - six-phase synchronous generator” is detailed in the second chapter; the system operation under several constraints is given too. In the third chapter, the author presents an innovative control strategy which permits the simultaneous control of the frequency, the phase and the amplitude of the output wave; this strategy is based on cosine modulation waves. Contrary to the control strategy presented in the first chapter, this control philosophy permits to obtain a regulated output wave. The output voltage waveform is done in such a way that the actual output waveform always has the nearest possible instantaneous value to a sinusoidal reference waveform of desired output frequency, desired phase and amplitude. Commutation instants are determined by the intersection of the reference voltage and the cosine modulation waves. The last chapter deals with the implementation of the control strategies on a digital signal processor DSP. Experimental results are presented and compared to those obtained by simulation
Kharroubi, Idris. "EDS Rétrogrades et Contrôle Stochastique Séquentiel en Temps Continu en Finance." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439542.
Full textMIGGE, JORN. "L'ordonnancement sous contraintes temps-reel : un modele a base de trajectoires." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5341.
Full textComte, Fabienne. "Causalite, cointegration, memoire longue : modelisation stochastique en temps continu, estimation et simulation." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010084.
Full textBerard, Bergery Blandine. "Approximation du temps local et intégration par régularisation." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00181777.
Full textAbbezzot, Cédric. "Système inertiel de stockage d'énergie couplé au générateur photovoltaïque et piloté par un simulateur temps réel." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0014/document.
Full textThe subject is part of the strategy to increase the penetration of renewable energy in power systems, particularly those that are poorly interconnected, such as island grids. A limit of penetration of intermittent energy by 30% in instantaneous power in these electrical grids was set by a French law. To help overcome this limitation, a solution is to couple the sources of decentralized and intermittent generation with energy storage systems. In this thesis, we are interested in flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) that converts electrical energy in kinetic energy form and vice versa. FESS have a number of cycles charge / discharge large compared with electrochemical batteries and can be used to smooth the photovoltaic power generation. The fluctuation of photovoltaic instantaneous power is indeed weakly predictable over time and it cannot be controlled, including its production fall. PV production can decrease up to 80% of its maximum power in 30 seconds, and so destabilize the grid. The island grids, such as that of Corsica, are not interconnected to the mainland power grid. The non - interconnected grids are more fragile and less stable. Thus, the massive development of photovoltaic power plants can cause fluctuations in the frequency and voltage. The flywheel has the advantage of having a low response time (a few hundred milliseconds). However, it has a lower energy capacity. The benefits of FESS are used by managing it in real time with an appropriate computer. A flywheel with a power of 15 kVA and an energy capacity of 112 Wh was characterized and tested at INES Chambery using a real time grid simulator (RTLab®), a real-time computer (dSPACE®) and a PV power plant. The storage system is composed by an asynchronous electrical machine and a cylindrical steel flywheel. The Matlab Simulink / software is used to implement the control laws necessary for its control. In this thesis, the test bench is presented and the results of ancillary services (power smoothing, frequency and voltage regulation). Three power smoothing methods are discussed and evaluated (smoothing with a transfer function, with a slope limiter function and a method not using any smoothing function). The third method uses neither a transfer function, nor a function that limits the slope variations, requires fewer parameters, and is more optimal and more robust. A flywheel with another electrical machine technology (the switched reluctance machine) has also been characterized. This is an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) on which parameters such as self-discharge and efficiencies (charging mode, discharging mode and standby mode) were measured
Suet, Pierre-Henry. "Poursuite aléatoire d'une cible et optimisation du temps de recherche : applications à la cinétique réactionnelle." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281894.
Full textSouchet, Sandie. "Estimation des paramètres d'une diffusion ergodique observée à temps discret." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010035.
Full textGrimaud, Agnès. "Modélisation stochastique et estimation de la dispersion du pollen de maïs.Estimation dans des modèles à volatilité stochastique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011584.
Full textDans la seconde partie, on s'intéresse à des modèles à volatilité stochastique «mean-reverting», souvent utilisés en économie. Le processus observé est fonction d'une diffusion non observable dont on souhaite estimer les paramètres. Une méthode d'estimation à deux pas basée sur la structure ARMA(1,1) du processus est proposée, en utilisant un estimateur de moments et un contraste de Whittle. Des simulations sont réalisées afin de comparer cette méthode avec d'autres méthodes existantes. Ensuite un paramètre dit «leverage» est ajouté et un modèle discrétisé est étudié. Un critère auxiliaire est proposé pour estimer les paramètres à l'aide d'une méthode d'inférence indirecte. Enfin des simulations sont réalisées pour évaluer leurs performances.
Kaddes, Mourad. "Etudes des transactions plates et étendues dans les SGBD temps réels." Thesis, Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0009/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of flat and extended model of transactions in real-time DBMS (RTDBMSs). This study is carried in two steps : (i) the first step aims to help designers to describe and compare models of real-time transactions, (ii) the second step allows to complete this study by presenting a stochastic study of RTDBMSs performance using two models of real-time transactions : flat transactions and nested transactions models. In the first step, we introduced the meta-model « MRT-ACTA » that takes into account the transactions and data temporal characteristics and their realtime interactions. « M-RT-ACTA » allows designers defining and comparing new models of real-time transactions. The formal description of « M-RT-ACTA » validates our proposals. In order to complete this work, we have observed that transactions scheduling is an important area in RTDBMSs, so we proposed in the second step a stochastic study of RTDBMS performance. Thus, we have proposed to improve the success ratio of flat transactions with GEDF protocol (generalization of GEDF) and we have adapted this study to nested transactions
Zozor, Steeve. "Sur la théorie de la résonance stochastique à temps discret et son application en détection." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0170.
Full textBérard, Bergery Blandine. "Approximation du temps local et intégration par régularisation." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10058/document.
Full textThe setting of this work is the integration by regularization of Russo and Vallois. The first part studies schemes of approximation of the local time of continuous semimartingales. If X is a reversible diffusion, the convergence of a first schema of approximation to the local time of X is proven, in probability uniformly on the compact sets. From this first schema, two other schemas of approximation for the local time are found. One converges in the semi-martingale case, the other in the Brownian case. Moreover, in the Brownian case, we estimate the rate of convergence in L^2(Omega) and a result of almost sure convergence is proven. The second part study the forward integral and the generalized quadratic variation, which have been defined by convergence of families of integrals, in probability uniformly on the compacts sets. In the case of Hölder processes, the almost sure convergence is proven. Finally, the second order convergence is studied in many cases
Denjean, Aline. "Analyse temps-échelle en contexte aléatoire appliquée à la détection et l'estimation de non-stationnarités." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT078H.
Full textLaslier, Benoît. "Dynamique stochastique d'interface discrète et modèles de dimères." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044463.
Full textRatsiambahotra, Tahiry. "Contribution à la simulation de processeur : conception d'un générateur de librairie de simulateurs fonctionnels." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30160.
Full textInstruction-set simulators (ISS) are more and more used in design space exploration and functional software testing. Furthermore, cycle-accurate simulators are often made of a functional coupled to a timing simulator. Research about ISS generators is not new but most often addresses only simple instruction sets (i. E. RISC). This paper describes techniques to ease the description of complex Instruction-Set Architectures and to increase simulation speed. They are integrated in a tool which generates libraries containing functions to disassemble (useful for testing), decode and simulate many different architectures like RISC, CISC, VLIW and is able to deal with variable-length instructions. We successfully generated and used ARM/thumb, HCS 12X, Tricore, Sharc, PPC simulators and experiments have been made on the x86 architecture
Blanchard, Romain. "Application du contrôle stochastique en théorie de la décision avec croyances multiples et non dominées en temps." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS006/document.
Full textThis dissertation evolves around the following three general thematic: uncertainty, utility and no-arbitrage.In the first chapter we establish the existence of an optimal portfolio for investor trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial market without uncertainty and maximising its terminal wealth expected utility. We consider general non-concave and non-smooth random utility function defined on the half real-line. The proof is based on dynamic programming and measure theory tools.In the next three chapters, we introduce the concept of Knightian uncertainty and adopt the multi-prior non dominated and discrete time framework introduced in [25]..In this setting, in the second chapter we study the notion of quasi-sure no-arbitrage introduced in [25] and propose two equivalent definitions: a quantitative and geometric characterisation. We also introduce a stronger no-arbitrage condition that simplifies some of the measurability difficulties.In the third chapter, we build on the results obtained in the previous chapter to study the maximisation of multiple-priors non-dominated worst-case expected utility for investors trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial for general concave utility functions defined on the half-real line unbounded from above. The proof uses again a dynamic programming framework together with measurable selection.Finally the last chapter formulates a utility indifference pricing model for investor trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial market. We prove that under suitable condition the multiples-priors utility indifference prices of a contingent claim converge to its multiple-priors superreplication price
Ané, Thierry. "Changement de temps, processus subordonnés et volatilité stochastique : une approche financière sur des données à haute fréquence." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090027.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to validate mathematically the brilliant conjecture by Clark (1973) who chose the volume as the subordinating process t defining the economic time in which asset prices should be observed. Along the lines of the recent microstructure literature and using the tick by tick data, we show, in agreement with the recent empirical results by Jones, Kaul and Lipson (1994), that it is in fact the number of trades which defines the economic time. We prove that without any assumption on the distribution of the stochastic time t we recover normality for asset price returns when using the number of trades as the "stochastic clock". We extract from a tick by tick data base the empirical distribution of asset returns and use a parametric estimation procedure to compute the moments of the unknown distribution of the subordinator t. The moments of t coincide with the corresponding moments of the number of trades. Lastly, we explain how the issue of stochastic volatility can be embedded in the general framework of stochastic time changes and what it implies for option pricing and hedging. The effectiveness of implied versus historical volatility in forecasting the future volatility has recently been, with good reasons, the subject of scrutiny both among academics and practitioners. It is common practice to use implied volatility as the market's forecast of future volatility. S&P 500 options and futures prices are used to show that implied volatility is a poor forecast of the realized volatility. The use of subordinated processes can help to construct a good forecast of the realized volatility. Moreover, our time change as well as our volatility forecast highlights the role of the rate of information arrival proxied by the number of trades
Poix, Jérôme. "Approximation stochastique pour des modeles de regression lineaires en temps continu et des bruits de type semimartingale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13022.
Full textAckermann, Christophe. "Processus associés à l'équation de diffusion rapide. Indépendance du temps et de la position pour un processus stochastique." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10186.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is twofold. First, we give a stochastic modelisation of a partial differential equation known as equation of "fast" diffusion. The latter describes a diffusion phenomenon which occurs in the plasma physics. Thus, we study the solution of a differential stochastic equation, the density of which satisfies the equation of "fast" diffusion: we treat in particular the case when the initial measure is the Dirac measure at 0. Secondly, we deal with the question of the independence of time and position for a stochastic process. We consider a random walk S(n) with independent identically distributed increments and we study the standard stopping times T such that T and S(T) are independent. We give a description of the stopping distributions of S(T) in the case of a Bernoulli symmetric random walk. We finally complete this work by giving a characterization of the stopping distributions of the Brownian motion
Silly-Carette, Jessica. "Modélisation avancée de l'absorption des ondes électromagnétiques dans les tissus biologiques : schémas en temps, approches adjointe et stochastique." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066368.
Full textLaslier, Benoît. "Dynamique stochastique d’interface discrète et modèles de dimères." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10110/document.
Full textWe studied the Glauber dynamics on tilings of finite regions of the plane by lozenges or 2 × 1 dominoes. These tilings are naturally associated with surfaces of R^3, which can be seen as interfaces in statistical physics models. In particular, lozenge tilings correspond to three dimensional Ising model at zero temperature. More precisely, tilings of a finite regions are in bijection with Ising configurations with some boundary conditions (depending on the tiled domain). These boundary conditions impose the coexistence of the + and - phases, together with the position of the boundary of the interface. In the thermodynamic limit where L, the characteristic length of the system, tends toward infinity, these interface follow a law of large number and converge to a deterministic limit shape depending only on the boundary condition. When the limit shape is planar and for lozenge tilings, Caputo, Martinelli and Toninelli [CMT12] showed that the mixing time of the dynamics is of order (L^{2+o(1)}) (diffusive scaling). We generalized this result to domino tilings, always in the case of a planar limit shape. We also proved a lower bound Tmix ≥ cL^2 which improve on the result of [CMT12] by a log factor. When the limit shape is not planar, it can either be analytic or have some “frozen” domains where it is degenerated in a sense. When it does not have such frozen region, and for lozenge tilings, we showed that the Glauber dynamics becomes “macroscopically close” to equilibrium in a time L^{2+o(1)}
Goavec-Merou, Gwenhael. "Générateur de coprocesseur pour le traitement de données en flux (vidéo ou similaire) sur FPGA." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2056/document.
Full textUsing Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is one of the very few solution for real time processingdata flows of several hundreds of Msamples/second. However, using such componentsis technically challenging beyond the need to become familiar with a new kind of dedicateddescription language and ways of describing algorithms, understanding the hardware behaviouris mandatory for implementing efficient processing solutions. In order to circumvent these difficulties,past researches have focused on providing solutions which, starting from a description ofan algorithm in a high-abstraction level language, generetes a description appropriate for FPGAconfiguration. Our contribution, following the strategy of block assembly based on the skeletonmethod, aimed at providing a software environment called CoGen for assembling various implementationsof readily available and validated processing blocks. The resulting processing chainis optimized by including FPGA hardware characteristics, and input and output bandwidths ofeach block in order to provide solution fitting best the requirements and constraints. Each processingblock implementation is either generated automatically or manually, but must complywith some constraints in order to be usable by our tool. In addition, each block developer mustprovide a standardized description of the block including required resources and data processingbandwidth limitations. CoGen then provides to the less experienced user the means to assemblethese blocks ensuring synchronism and consistency of data flow as well as the ability to synthesizethe processing chain in the available hardware resources. This working method has beenapplied to video data flow processing (threshold, contour detection and tuning fork eigenmodesanalysis) and on radiofrequency data flow (wireless interrogation of sensors through a RADARsystem, software processing of a frequency modulated stream, software defined radio)
Wahbi, Wassim. "Contrôle stochastique sur les réseaux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED072.
Full textThis thesis consists of three parts which deal with quasi linear parabolic PDE on a junction, stochastic diffusion on a junction and stochastic control on a junction with control at the junction point. We begin in the first Chapter by introducing and studying a new class of non degenerate quasi linear parabolic PDE on a junction, satisfying a Neumann (or Kirchoff) non linear and non dynamical condition at the junction point. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of a classical solution. The main motivation of studying this new mathematical object is the analysis of stochastic control problems with control at the junction point, and the characterization of the value function of the problem in terms of Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations. For this end, in the second Chapter we give a proof of the existence of a diffusion on a junction. The process is characterized by its local time at the junction point, whose quadratic approximation is centrally related to the ellipticty assumption of the second order terms around the junction point.We then provide an It's formula for this process. Thanks to the previous results, in the last Chapter we study a problem of stochastic control on a junction, with control at the junction point. The set of controls is the set of the probability measures (admissible rules) satisfying a martingale problem. We prove the compactness of the admissible rules and the dynamic programming principle
Savy, Nicolas. "Mouvement Brownien Fractionnaire, applications aux télécommunications. Calcul Stochastique relativement à des processus fractionnaires." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003407.
Full textAmini, Hadis. "Stabilisation des systèmes quantiques à temps discrets et stabilité des filtres quantiques à temps continus." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00803170.
Full textMessaci, Fatiha. "Estimation de la densité spectrale d'un processus en temps continu par échantillonage poissonnien." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES036.
Full textBun, Long. "Détection et localisation de défauts pour un système PV." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647189.
Full textZagalo, Kevin. "Stochastic analysis of stationary real-time systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS394.
Full textIn this thesis, we define the notion of stationary probabilistic real-time systems in which the inter-arrival times are described by identically distributed random variables. For these systems, we prove a necessary condition of schedulability as well as a feasibility domain, taking into account the uncertainty within the execution of tasks. Then, we approximate the distributions of response times for these systems using inverse Gaussian distributions and we introduce an inference method for these response times of real-time probabilistic systems. Finally, we study the problem of online multiprocessor scheduling of real-time probabilistic systems, focusing on the use of deadline miss probabilities as a metric. We propose a new class of allocation algorithms based on deadline miss probabilities. The proposed algorithm introduces the possibility of incorporating data inference into the scheduling decision process. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm through extensive simulations. Our results show its effectiveness in extending the feasibility domain of processor allocations while maintaining deadline miss probabilities equivalent to existing algorithms. We also discuss challenges and opportunities for future research in the area of real-time probabilistic systems and multiprocessor scheduling
Barros, Anne. "Maintenance des systèmes multicomposants sous surveillance imparfaite : modélisation stochastique et optimisation." Troyes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TROY0004.
Full textMulti-unit systems maintenance optimisation is based on stochastic models which must take into account the stochastic evolution of the system, the maintenance actions and their impact on the system, and the monitorig information on the units state. The aim of this work is to focus on the monitoring model. Actually, the survey on multi unit maintenance optimisation presented in part one, shows that in most of existing stochastic models, the information given by the monitoring device is considered to be perfect. However, the detection algorithms used for systems diagnostis are characterised by errors such as non detection or false alarm, and detection delay. That is why we propose here to model one type of this default : a failure of one unit can be not detected with a given probability. We aim at optimising the following maintenance policy : the whole units are renewed preventively at the same time in order to avoid global system failure. We show that the optimal time of preventive renewal is totally conditionned by the evolution of an indicator of the system degradation. This indicator is a stochastic process (called failure rate process) and is calculated on the basis of the observations given by the monitoring device. The failure rate process is studied in the second part. It is calculated by writing the system failure indicator process as smooth semi martingale. Its paths are used in part three for the optimisation scheme. Numerical results show the maintenance cost obtained with our model taking into account monitoring faults is lower than the one obtained with models considering the information is perfect or does not exist
Gradinaru, Mihai. "Applications du calcul stochastique à l'étude de certains processus." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011826.
Full textentre 1996 et 2005, après la thèse de doctorat de l'auteur, et concerne l'étude fine de
certains processus stochastiques : mouvement brownien linéaire ou plan, processus de diffusion,
mouvement brownien fractionnaire, solutions d'équations différentielles stochastiques ou
d'équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques.
La thèse d'habilitation s'articule en six chapitres correspondant aux thèmes
suivants : étude des intégrales par rapport aux temps locaux de certaines diffusions,
grandes déviations pour un processus obtenu par perturbation brownienne d'un système
dynamique dépourvu de la propriété d'unicité des solutions, calcul stochastique
pour le processus gaussien non-markovien non-semimartingale mouvement brownien fractionnaire,
étude des formules de type Itô et Tanaka pour l'équation de la chaleur stochastique,
étude de la durée de vie du mouvement brownien plan réfléchi dans un domaine à
frontière absorbante et enfin, estimation non-paramétrique et construction d'un
test d'adéquation à partir d'observations discrètes pour le coefficient de diffusion d'une
équation différentielle stochastique.
Les approches de tous ces thèmes sont probabilistes et basées sur l'analyse stochastique.
On utilise aussi des outils d'équations différentielles, d'équations aux dérivées partielles
et de l'analyse.
Jiang, Qi. "Gestion énergétique de véhicules hybrides par commande optimale stochastique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS011/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a comparative study between four recent real-time energy management strategies (EMS) applied to a hybrid electric vehicle and to a fuel cell vehicle applications: rule-based strategy (RBS), adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), optimal control law (OCL) and stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) associated to driving cycle modeling by Markov chains. Pontryagin’s minimum principle and dynamic programming are applied to off-line optimization to provide reference results. Implementation and parameters setting issues are discussed for each strategy and a genetic algorithm is employed for A-ECMS calibration.The EMS robustness is evaluated using different types of driving cycles and a statistical analysis is conducted using random cycles generated by Markov process. Simulation and experimental results lead to the following conclusions. The easiest methods to implement (RBS and OCL) give rather high fuel consumption. SDP has the best overall performance in real-world driving conditions. It achieves the minimum average fuel consumption while perfectly respecting the state-sustaining constraint. A-ECMS results are comparable to SDP’s when using parameters well-adjusted to the upcoming driving cycle, but lacks robustness. Using parameter sets adjusted to the type of driving conditions (urban, road and highway) did help to improve A-ECMS performances
Delhome, Raphaël. "Modélisation de la variabilité des temps de parcours et son intégration dans des algorithmes de recherche du plus court chemin stochastique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSET010/document.
Full textThe travel time representation has a major impact on user-oriented routing information. In particular, congestion detection is not perfect in current route planners. Moreover, the travel times cannot be considered as static because of events such as capacity drops, weather disturbances, or demand peaks. Former researches focused on dynamic travel times, i.e. that depend on departure times, in order to improve the representation details, for example concerning the periodicity of congestions. Real-time information is also a significant improvement for users aiming to prepare their travel or aiming to react to on-line events. However these kinds of model still have an important drawback : they do not take into account all the aspects of travel time variability. This dimension is of huge importance, in particular if the user risk aversion is considered. Additionally in a multimodal network, the eventual connections make the travel time uncertainty critical. In this way the current PhD thesis has been dedicated to the study of stochastic travel times, seen as distributed random variables.In a first step, we are interested in the travel time statistical modeling as well as in the travel time variability. In this goal, we propose to use the Halphen family, a probability law system previously developed in hydrology. The Halphen laws show the typical characteristics of travel time distributions, plus they are closed under addition under some parameter hypothesis. By using the distribution moment ratios, we design innovative reliability indexes, that we compare with classical metrics. This holistic approach appears to us as a promising way to produce travel time information, especially for infrastructure managers.Then we extend the analysis to transportation networks, by considering previous results. A set of probability laws is tested during the resolution of the stochastic shortest path problem. This research effort helps us to describe paths according to the different statistical models. We show that the model choice has an impact on the identified paths, and above all, that the stochastic framework is crucial. Furthermore we highlight the inefficiency of algorithms designed for the stochastic shortest path problem. They need long computation times and are consequently incompatible with industrial applications. An accelerated algorithm based on a deterministic state-of-the-art is provided to overcome this problem in the last part of this document. The obtained results let us think that route planners might include travel time stochastic models in a near future
Goudenège, Ludovic. "Quelques résultats sur l'équation de Cahn-Hilliard stochastique et déterministe." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439022.
Full textSuet, Pierre-Henry. "Poursuite aléatoire d'une cible et optimisation du temps de recherche.Applications à la cinétique réactionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281894.
Full textToldo, Sandrine. "Convergence de filtrations ; application à la discrétisation de processus et à la stabilité de temps d'arrêt." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011277.
Full textHamdi, Tarek. "Calcul stochastique commutatif et non-commutatif : théorie et application." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2015/document.
Full textMy PhD work is composed of two parts, the first part is dedicated to the discrete-time stochastic analysis for obtuse random walks as to the second part, it is linked to free probability. In the first part, we present a construction of the stochastic integral of predictable square-integrable processes and the associated multiple stochastic integrals ofsymmetric functions on Nn (n_1), with respect to a normal martingale.[...] In a second step, we revisited thedescription of the marginal distribution of the Brownian motion on the large-size complex linear group. Precisely, let (Z(d)t )t_0 be a Brownian motion on GL(d,C) and consider nt the limit as d !¥ of the distribution of (Z(d)t/d)⋆Z(d)t/d with respect to E×tr
Lavayssiere, Luc. "Algorithmes adaptifs et réseaux de neurones pour la mesure en temps réel de la dimension fractale de signaux électrophysiologiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30068.
Full textJulien, Grégory. "Filtrage Stochastique et amélioration des performances des systèmes de positionnement d’engins sous-marins en milieu bruyant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0018.
Full textThe underwater vehicules positioning is based on acoustic systems. These systems provide us the relative position of the immersed submarine to the carrier ship. The systems performances are defined in terms of precision and slant range. The positioning systems use concepts like distance measurement and goniometry, both based on the Time Of Arrival estimation of the useful signal, which is classically performed by a Pulse Compression. This technique, widely applied on SONAR, RADAR and bio-medical imaging, is a sub-optimal application of the Matched Filtering. After these three years of work, we had obtained new methods of Pulse Compression that allow to improve the performances of the acoustic positioning systems. These new techniques are based on an expension of the application assumptions of the Pulse Compression to reach, as well as possible, the optimality
Abdallah, Ben M'hamed. "Contribution à l'étude de fiabilité des composants : développement d'un générateur de bases de données de fiabilité et maintenabilité opérationnelles." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD236.
Full textVolpi, Agnès. "Processus associés à l'équation de diffusion rapide : étude asymptotique du temps de ruine et de l'overshoot." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0062_VOLPI.pdf.
Full textI- Processes of Rapid Diffusion. We check the existence and the unicity of the process associated with the equation of rapid diffusion for a large class of initial data. We show the convergence to the solution associated with the Dirac measure at 0. II- Ruin and Overshoot : Asymptotic Behaviour. Let Tx be the first hitting time of level x > 0 by a Lévy process. Let Kx be the overshoot. We obtain : 1) an asymptotic expansion of the Laplace transform of the distribution of (Tx;Kx), as x tends to infinity ; 2) a polynomial upper bound of the ruin probability ; 3) a convergence in law theorem for the normalized distribution of (Tx;Kx), as x tends to infinity
Lim, T. "Quelques applications du contrôle stochastique aux risques de défaut et de liquidité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00499532.
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